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Lin Guistica Le Ttica Linguistica 27 LINGUISTICA 19 LETTICA LINGUISTICA LETTICA LINGUISTICA 2010 2019 LINGUISTICA LETTICA LATVIEŠU VALODAS INSTITŪTA ŽURNĀLS 2010 RĪGA 19 Dibinātājs LU Latviešu valodas institūts Reģistrācijas apliecība Nr. 90002118365 Redakcijas kolēģija Laimute BALODE (Latvija / Somija), Ojārs BUŠS, Ina DRUVIETE, Trevors FENNELS (Austrālija), Ilga JANSONE (atbildīgā redaktore), Daina NĪTIŅA, Valentīna SKUJIŅA, Anna STAFECKA, Agris TIMUŠKA, Lembits VABA (Igaunija), Bernhards VELHLI (Šveice), Andrejs VEISBERGS Literārās redaktores Gunita ARNAVA, Sanda RAPA Redakcijas adrese Akadēmijas lauk. 1, 902. kab., Rīga, LV-1050 Tālr. 67227696, fakss 67227696, e-pasts: [email protected] ISSN 1407 – 1932 © LU Latviešu valodas institūts, 2010 Linguistica Lettica 2010 ● 19 SATURA RĀDĪTĀJS Brigita BUŠMANE. Jura Plāķa darbā «Kursenieku valoda» ap- kopotā leksika LVDA materiālu kontekstā .................................... 5 Liene MARKUS-NARVILA. Rucavas izloksnes āo-celmu verbi ............................................................................................... 20 Kornēlija POKROTNIECE. Īpašības vārds reliģijas terminolo- ģijā .................................................................................................. 37 Anitra ROZE. Adjektīvu violets un lillā semantika un lietojums latviešu valodā ............................................................................... 50 Ju ris BAL DUN ČIKS. An gļu valo das ietek mes des mit iz paus- mes vei di mūs die nu lat vie šu valo dā .............................................. 62 Ilze Irēna ILZIŅA. ISO standarti un informācijas un komunikā- cijas tehnoloģijas terminoloģijas izstrādes pieredze ...................... 74 Valentīna SKUJIŅA. Terminizstrādes principu noturīgums un mainīgums deviņu gadu desmitu gaitā ........................................... 82 Anita BUTĀNE. Terminoloģijas un valodas kultūras grupas dar- bība: ieskats vēsturē ....................................................................... 93 Linda KURMIŅA. Ieskats latviešu valodas terminoloģijas ko- misijas darbības pirmsākumos ....................................................... 101 Daina NĪTIŅA. Rakstām gramatiku. Latviešu valodas nelokāmie divdabji ar -am, -amies, -ām, -āmies .............................................. 109 Laimute BALODE. No somu valodas prakses pieredzes ............ 118 Maija BRĒDE. Ieskats britu angļu valodas praksē ...................... 1 2 3 Solveiga ČEIRANE. Slēdzeņu raksturojumam izmantojamās pa- zīmes .............................................................................................. 134 Ilze ŠTRAUSA. Kādas klases skolēnu priekšvārdi uz latviešu an- troponīmiskās sistēmas fona .......................................................... 148 Velga LAUGALE. Personvārdu lietojums izglītības iestāžu no- saukumā ......................................................................................... 166 Linguistica Lettica 2010 ● 19 SADARBĪBAS PARTNERU PĒTĪJUMI Beata BIESJADOVSKA-MAGDZJAŽA. Ar poļu raksturoju- ma stereotipiem saistītā leksika Ādolfa Ersa darbos ...................... 185 Дорота Кристина РЕМБИШЕВСКАЯ. ��������Польские ��������заимство- ван�я � латышском я�ыке (тематический � геолинг�����ч�- ���й ��пект) .................................................................................. 192 Малгожата ОСТРУВКА. �������Лексика ���как ������орудие �����коммун�- ���ческой политики � п��п�г�н�ы (н� основе польской прессы, издававш�й�я � Советской Беларуси � ��ждуво- �нном периоде) ...................................................................... 202 HRONIKA Urbanonīmiem veltīts simpozijs Helsinkos (P. Balodis) ............... 215 Edinburga 2010 – «Toponīmikas virzieni» (L. Balode, P. Balodis) ...................................................................................... 219 IN MEMORIAM Велта Э�нестовн� Сталтман� (9 сен�яб�я 1926 – 16 ап���я 2010) .............................................................................................. 222 VALODNIECĪBAS BIBLIOGRĀFIJA 2008 (I. Migla) ............... 227 VALODNIECĪBAS BIBLIOGRĀFIJA 2009 (I. Migla) ............... 313 ZIŅAS PAR AUTORIEM.............................................................. 376 Linguistica Lettica 2010 ● 19 Brigita BUŠMANE Jura Plāķa darbā «KursenieKu valoda» apkoPotā leKsiKa LVDA materiālu KonteKstā Juris Plāķis 1927. gadā publicētā darba «Kursenieku valoda» priekšvārdā, atzīstot, ka «leksiskais materiāls savā kopumā izpauž va- lodas dzīves gaitu», paredzēja, ka «ikkatrs tādas, pārtautošanai lemtas, tautas valodas vārdiņš ir visai svarīgs un sevišķi nesamaksājams tas būs pētniekam tad, kad šīs valodas vairs nebūs» (Pl. 2). Mūsdienās – pēc vairāk nekā 80 gadiem – šis laiks ir pienācis; Ojāra Buša vārdiem runājot, ir «mirklis pirms mūžības» (Bušs 2008, 83). Kā norādījis gan J. Plāķis, gan citi valodnieki, Kuršu kāpu dažādos ciemos runātajā valodā bija vērojamas dažādas atšķirības, kam ir meklēti arī cēloņi (skat., piemēram, Endzelīns 1931). Lai gan J. Plāķa sākotnējais nolūks 1926. gada vasarā bija noskaidrot dažus Kuršu kāpu iedzīvotāju valodas fonētiskus jautājumus, darba gaitā tika pierakstīts bagāts mate- riāls kā gramatikā, tā leksikā. Tā kā valodnieks visu laiku (gandrīz mēne- si) pavadīja Nidā, savāktais materiāls dod visai plašu ieskatu galvenokārt tajā laikā Nidā runātajā valodā, proti, šajā latviešu valodas apakšsistēmā. Rakstā J. Plāķa darbā apkopotā leksika salīdzināta ar 20. gs. beigās publicētās «Latviešu valodas dialektu atlanta» leksikas daļas (LVDA) un atlanta leksikas kartotēkas materiāliem (LVDAm.) saistījumā ar latviešu literāro valodu, atklājot kā kopīgo, tā atšķirīgo šajās valodas sistēmās. Dia- lektālā leksika galvenokārt raksturota areālā un daļēji – cilmes skatījumā. J. Plāķa vākumā kopumā ir ietverts vairāk nekā 3200 kursenieku valodā fiksētu leksikas vienību. No tām 74 reāliju, parādību un jēdzie- nu nosaukumi relatīvi pilnīgi atspoguļoti arī LVDA un ap 100 reāliju, parādību un jēdzienu nosaukumu atrodami atlanta kartotēkā, bet nav iekļauti publicētajā krājumā. Šajā materiālā ir nošķiramas divas lielas grupas: leksika, kas ir kopīga ar latviešu literāro valodu vai ir literārās valodas vārdu varianti, un dialektālais vārdu krājums. I. 1. Lielākā grupa – gandrīz ceturtā daļa vārdu – ir kopīga kurse- nieku valodā un latviešu literārajā valodā, kā arī izplatīta izloksnēs vai to lielākajā daļā. Šī leksikas grupa saistīta ar visdažādākajām materiā- lās un garīgās kultūras nozarēm. 5 Linguistica Lettica 2010 ● 19 LVDA reģistrētie vārdi: abra (Pl. 47; izplatīts Kurzemē, Zemgalē, Vidzemes un Augšzemes rietumdaļā LVDA 77. B), auksts (aũksts Pl. 49; lībiskā un vidus dialekta izloksnēs un daļā augšzemnieku izlokšņu Vidzemes ziemeļaustrumos LVDA 83. B), grauds (grâuds Pl. 57; Vid- zemē, Kurzemē un Zemgalē LVDA 56. B), kadiķis (Pl. 60; Kurzemē, Zemgalē, Augšzemē, retāk Vidzemē LVDA 9), liepa (liẽpa Pl. 66; visā Latvijā LVDA 4. B), lize (lize Pl. 66; lize galvenokārt Kurzemē, izņemot tās ziemeļdaļu, Zemgalē un samērā plaši Vidzemē LVDA 77. A), muša (Pl. 68; Kurzemē, Zemgalē, Augšzemē, Vidzemes dienvidos, retāk ziemeļaustrumos, Latgales rietumos un dienvidos LVDA 31. A), pūce (pũce Pl. 75; Kurzemē, Zemgalē, Vidzemē un Augšzemē, retāk (literā- rās valodas ietekmē) Latgalē LVDA 38. A), sala (bez nozīmes skaid- rojuma Pl. 78; LVDA 31. B – sala (upē, ezerā) Vidzemē un Zemgalē), samazgas (Pl. 78; Kurzemē, Zemgalē un Vidzemē LVDA 74), stallis (ģ. -la Pl. 82; šim un daudziem citiem iŠo-celma vārdiem vienskaitļa ģenitīva formā nav vērojama j noteiktā līdzskaņu mija – par to skat. Pl. 18; ‘saimniecības ēka zirgu mitināšanai’ LLVV VII2 167; ‘(govju) kūts’ galvenokārt Kurzemē, Zemgales rietumos un Augšzemē LVDA 53), vājš (vã(j)š Pl. 88; LVDA 87. B nav kartografēts, bet atspoguļota vārda kūds ‘vājš’ izplatība). Piebilstams, ka minētajās LVDA kartēs nereti nav atspoguļota arī citu literāro vārdu izplatība, bet lokāli sastopama sino- nīma resp. varianta izplatība, piemēram, salts ‘auksts’ (LVDA 83. B), grūds ‘grauds’ (LVDA 56. B), kalva ‘sala (upē, ezerā)’ (LVDA 31. B). LVDA kartotēkā reģistrētie vārdi: âulis (biču) ‘strops (bišu)’, biču aũlis (Pl. 49, 50; sal. liet. žemaišu izl. aulỹs ‘strops’ – skat. LKŽ I 498; aulis ‘kokā uzvelkams bišu strops’ LLVV I 502; LVDAm. 601; vārdā biču vērojama zemgalisko izlokšņu iezīme – skaņu mija *tj > č – par to skat. Rudzīte 1964, 91), ciems (cîems ‘ciems, sādža’ Pl. 52; LVDAm. 473), darva (daxva, (bexza) daxva ‘deguts’ Pl. 53, 50; LVDAm. 387), dvielis (dviẽlis Pl. 55; LVDAm. 641), dzintars (dziñtars Pl. 55; LVDAm. 599), dzirkles (dz‚xkles Pl. 55; LVDAm. 578), kal- me (kalme // kalms ‘skalbe’ Pl. 61; LVDAm. 398), kode (kûode Pl. 64; LVDAm. 462), lietus (lîetus Pl. 66; LVDAm. 613), lizda (Pl. 66; LVDAm. 437), loks (luõks ‘loks (sīpola)’ Pl. 66; LVDAm. 419), paku- las (Pl. 71; LVDAm. 590), pamina (Pl. 71; LVDAm. 587), pirksts (Pl. 74; LVDAm. 632), rats (pl. ‘rati, vāģi’ Pl. 76; LVDAm. 523), rīkste (rĩkste Pl. 77; LVDAm. 603), salds (sâlds Pl. 78; LVDAm. 573), sauja (saũja Pl. 79; LVDAm. 631), sēta (sẽta, arī sẽtmala bez nozīmes skaid- 6 Linguistica Lettica 2010 ● 19 rojuma Pl. 80; sēta 1) ‘vertikāls veidojums, parasti no dēļiem, kārtīm, stieplēm (kā) norobežošanai, arī aizsargāšanai’, 2) ‘brīvs laukums, ap kuru ir novietotas celtnes vai kurš ir norobežots ar celtnēm un žogu; pagalms’, 3) ‘lauku iedzīvotāju personiskās saimniecības ēkas un ze- mes gabals, uz kura tās atrodas; lauku sēta’ LLVV VII1 407; LVDAm. 476, 479), sudrabs (Pl. 83; LVDAm. 668), sūrs (sũrs ‘sūrs, sāļš’ Pl. 83; LVDAm. 568), svins (svinc Pl. 83; LVDAm. 670), šķiets (šķîets Pl. 84; LVDAm.
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