Histoire De La Gaule
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Caesar's De Bello Gallico I
Caesar's De Bello Gallico I Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Geoffrey Steadman Beta Edition April 2013 Caesar's De Bello Gallico I Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Beta Edition © 2013 by Geoffrey D. Steadman All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. ISBN-13: ISBN-10: Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected] xii xiii The Life of Julius Caesar How to Use this Commentary Research shows that, as we learn how to read in a second language, a combination of reading and B.C. direct vocabulary instruction is statistically superior to reading alone. -
Gottheit (99) 1 Von 10
Gottheit (99) Suche Startseite Profil Konto Gottheit Zurück zu Witchways Diskussionsforum Themenübersicht Neues Thema beginnen Thema: Gottheit Thema löschen | Auf dieses Thema antworten Es werden die Beiträge 1 - 30 von 97 angezeigt. 1 2 3 4 Shannah Witchways Abnoba (keltische Muttergöttin) Abnoba war eine keltische Muttergöttin und personifizierte den Schwarzwald, welcher in der Antike den Namen Abnoba mons trug. Mythologie Sie galt als Beschützerin des Waldes, des Wildes und der Quellen, insbesondere als Schutzpatronin der Heilquellen in Badenweiler. Wild und Jäger unterstanden ihrem Schutz. Nach der bei der Interpretatio Romana üblichen Vorgehensweise wurde sie von den Römern mit Diana gleichgesetzt, wie etwa eine in Badenweiler aufgefundene Weiheinschrift eines gewissen Fronto beweist, der damit ein Gelübde einlöste. Wahrscheinlich stand auf dem Sockel, der diese Inschrift trägt, ursprünglich eine Statue dieser Gottheit. Ein in St. Georgen aufgefundenes Bildwerk an der Brigachquelle zeigt Abnoba mit einem Hasen, dem Symbol für Fruchtbarkeit, als Attribut. Tatsächlich wurden in Badenweiler auch Leiden kuriert, die zu ungewollter Kinderlosigkeit führten, und in den Thermen dieses Ortes war ungewöhnlicherweise die Frauenabteilung nicht kleiner als die für Männer. Abnoba dürfte für die Besucher von Badenweiler also vor allem als Fruchtbarkeitsgottheit gegolten haben. vor etwa einem Monat Beitrag löschen Shannah Witchways Aericura (keltische Totengottheit) Aericura ist eine keltisch-germanische Fruchtbarkeits- und Totengottheit. Mythologie Aericura, auch Aeracura, Herecura oder Erecura, ist eine antike keltisch-germanische (nach einigen Theorien jedoch ursprünglich sogar eine illyrische) Gottheit. Sie wird zumeist mit Attributen der Proserpina ähnlich dargestellt, manchmal in Begleitung eines Wolfs oder Hundes, häufig jedoch auch mit ruchtbarkeitsattributen wie Apfelkörben. Manchmal wird Aericura als Fruchtbarkeitsgottheit gedeutet, häufig jedoch eher als Totengöttin. -
„LITANIA” DO CELTYCKIEJ BOGINI „Litanię”
ROCZNIKI HUMANISTYCZNE Tom XXXIV, zeszyt 2 - 1986 EDWARD ZWOLSKI Lublin „LITANIA” DO CELTYCKIEJ BOGINI „Litanię” układam z wezwań, kierowanych do bogini w ziemiach celtyckich od luzytańskiego zachodu i brytyjsko-iryjskiej północy po italskie południe i galacki wschód. Za wezwania biorę żeńskie imiona boskie z napisów na ołtarzach, coko łach, płytach dedykacyjnych i wotywnych. Pewne jawią się często, inne rzadko, nawet raz, ale wszystkie są „mowne”, ponieważ do bogini celtyckiej, nie wspiera nej powagą państwa, modlił się człowiek, który w nią wierzył. Starałem się odszukać wszystkie imiona. Nie wszystkie włączam do litanii, bo pewne, jak Navia w Hiszpanii, w Galii zaś: Acionna, Ancamna, Alauna, Ica, Icauna, Icovellauna, Soio i Qnuava, chociaż w części lub całości brzmią po celtyc- ku, swego znaczenia nie odsłaniają. Dzieła, po które sięgałem szukając napisów: Przede wszystkim berliński Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (skrót: CIL); dla Galii Narbońskiej - vol. XII, ed. O. Hirschfeld, 1888; dla trzech Galii (Lugduńskiej, Belgijskiej, Akwitańskiej) i obu Germanii (Górnej i Dolnej, założonych na ziemiach celtyckich) - vol. XIII, ed. A. Domaszewski, O. Bohn et E. Stein, 1899-1943 (praktycznie do 1916 r.); dla ziem dunajskich i Wschodu - vol. III, ed. Th. Mommsen, O. Hirschfeld et A. Domaszewski, 1873 (Supplementa, 1889-1902); dla Galu italskiej, vol. V, ed. Th. Mommsen, 1872-1877. Przedłużają CIL: Tom XII: E. Esperandieu, Inscriptions latines de Gaule (Narbonnaise), Paris 1929 (skrót: ILG). Tom XIII: H. Finke, Neue Inschriften, 17. Bericht der Römischgermanischen Kom mission, 1927, Berlin 1929 (skrót: 17, BRGK); H. Nesselhauf, Neue Inschriften aus dem römischen Germanien und den angrenzenden Gebieten, 27. BRGK, 1937, Berlin 1939 (skrót: 27. BRGK); F. -
Pdf La Minaccia Degli Elvezi E Le Contromisure Di Cesare
Cesare La minaccia degli Elvezi e le contromisure di Cesare (De bello Gallico, 1,10-11) Alla notizia che gli Elvezi si stanno spostando verso un territorio limitrofo a quello controllato dai Romani, Cesare intuisce subito il pericolo che deriverebbe dall’avere vicino una popola- zione così fiera e bellicosa. Con la rapidità di pensiero e di azione che gli sono connaturate, organizza un complesso piano militare che riuscirà persino a modificarein itinere: gli Edui, mi- nacciati dagli Elvezi, spingono infatti Cesare a intervenire prima di quanto egli avesse previsto. © Mondadori Education [10,1] A Cesare fu riferito che gli Elvezi avevano intenzione di marciare attraverso le terre dei Sequani e degli Edui verso il paese dei Santoni1, che non è molto lontano dal paese dei Tolosati, nazione che è compresa nella provincia. [2] Se ciò fosse accaduto, Cesare comprendeva che sarebbe stato un grande pericolo per la provincia avere ai propri confini una popolazione bellicosa, nemica del popolo romano, in luoghi aperti e ricchissimi di frumento. [3] Per queste ragioni pose al comando della linea fortificata, che aveva costruito, il legato Tito Labieno2; quanto a lui, si diresse a marce forzate in Italia, vi arruolò due legioni, ne trasse tre che svernavano nei quartieri d’inverno intorno ad Aquileia e si avviò con quelle cinque legioni verso la Gallia Transalpina per la via più breve attraverso le Alpi. [4] Ivi i Ceutroni e i Graioceli e i Caturigi3, occupate delle posizioni più elevate, tentavano di impedire all’esercito la 1. I Santoni erano stanziati in un sa nella provincia romana. -
The Shifting Baselines of the British Hare Goddess
Open Archaeology 2020; 6: 214–235 Research Article Luke John Murphy*, Carly Ameen The Shifting Baselines of the British Hare Goddess https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0109 received May 13, 2020; accepted August 20, 2020. Abstract: The rise of social zooarchaeology and the so-called ‘animal turn’ in the humanities both reflect a growing interest in the interactions of humans and non-human animals. This comparative archaeological study contributes to this interdisciplinary field by investigating the ways in which successive human cultures employed religion to conceptualise and interact with their ecological context across the longue durée. Specifically, we investigate how the Iron Age, Romano-British, early medieval English, medieval Welsh, and Information Age populations of Great Britain constructed and employed supranatural female figures – Andraste, Diana, Ēostre, St. Melangell, and the modern construct ‘Easter’ – with a common zoomorphic link: the hare. Applying theoretical concepts drawn from conservation ecology (‘shifting baselines’) and the study of religion (‘semantic centres’) to a combination of (zoo)archaeological and textual evidence, we argue that four distinct ‘hare goddesses’ were used to express their congregations’ concerns regarding the mediation of violence between the human in-group and other parties (human or animal) across two millennia. Keywords: Archaeology of Religion, Animal Studies, British Archaeology, Comparative Archaeology, Social Zooarchaeology Abbreviations CISR = Corpus signorum imperii Romani, Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World. RIB = Roman Inscriptions of Britain database. 1 Introduction: Shifting Baselines and Semantic Centres The recent rise of social zooarchaeology (Russell, 2011; Sykes, 2014) and the so-called ‘animal turn’ in the humanities (Peterson, 2016; Ritvo, 2007) both reflect a growing scholarly interest in the interactions of humans and non-human animals. -
Map 17 Lugdunum Compiled by E
Map 17 Lugdunum Compiled by E. Bertrand, 1997 Introduction From both geographic and economic perspectives, the area covered by the map divides into three zones, west to east. In the west, the economy of the Massif Central (ancient Cebenna Mons) depended upon animal husbandry, forestry and mining. Ancient authors (note Strabo 4.6.9) emphasize how hard life was in the high mountains, and this zone–like the Alps to the east–was resistant to romanization. The Alps (where the economy was similar) formed a natural boundary; securing its passes became a necessity for Roman administration. Both before and after the conquest, these passes were used more than the coast road for traffic between Italy and Gaul, and they remain vital economic arteries for the area. It has always been difficult to identify the minor towns and road stations located in the Alps by the ancient itineraries, in particular because of considerable erosion which has buried many sites beneath alluvium. In the center, the romanization of the R. Rhône (ancient Rhodanus) valley was more rapid and more complete. In the fertile land of the Rhône plains there remain traces of extensive Roman centuriation linked to the colonies there. Archaeological survey has also located numerous villas in this zone, although very few are excavated. The Rhône and the roads along it were a key axis in the economic relationship between Italy, Gaul and Spain. Major changes to the physical landscape since antiquity are few. In the Alps, a number of reservoirs have been constructed; notably, at Serre-Ponçon such development has led to the submersion of several valleys near Vappincum. -
Ancient Celtic Goddesses Author(S): E
Ancient Celtic Goddesses Author(s): E. Anwyl Source: The Celtic Review, Vol. 3, No. 9 (Jul., 1906), pp. 26-51 Published by: Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30069895 Accessed: 23-11-2015 23:24 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.122.230.148 on Mon, 23 Nov 2015 23:24:25 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 26 THE CELTIC REVIEW ANCIENT CELTIC GODDESSES Professor E. ANWYL THE extant remains of the Celtic forms of religion afford abundant testimony to the great variety of divine names which were associated therewith. No student of Celtic religion can fail to be impressed with the number of Celtic deities, who appear to have been local or tribal in character. Even where a certain deity appears to have become non-local, it will generally be found on investigation that the sphere of the extended worship has fairly well-defined areas and centres. We cannot take as our first guide for the classification and grouping of Celtic gods a Pantheon like that of Homer, behind which there is a long history of religious development, and upon which there is the impress of a literary tradition. -
Encyclopedia of CELTIC MYTHOLOGY and FOLKLORE
the encyclopedia of CELTIC MYTHOLOGY AND FOLKLORE Patricia Monaghan The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore Copyright © 2004 by Patricia Monaghan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Monaghan, Patricia. The encyclopedia of Celtic mythology and folklore / Patricia Monaghan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4524-0 (alk. paper) 1. Mythology, Celtic—Encyclopedias. 2. Celts—Folklore—Encyclopedias. 3. Legends—Europe—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BL900.M66 2003 299'.16—dc21 2003044944 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS 6 INTRODUCTION iv A TO Z ENTRIES 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 479 INDEX 486 INTRODUCTION 6 Who Were the Celts? tribal names, used by other Europeans as a The terms Celt and Celtic seem familiar today— generic term for the whole people. -
Test Abonnement
L E X I C O N O F T H E W O R L D O F T H E C E L T I C G O D S Composed by: Dewaele Sunniva Translation: Dewaele Sunniva and Van den Broecke Nadine A Abandinus: British water god, but locally till Godmanchester in Cambridgeshire. Abarta: Irish god, member of the de Tuatha De Danann (‘people of Danu’). Abelio, Abelionni, Abellio, Abello: Gallic god of the Garonne valley in South-western France, perhaps a god of the apple trees. Also known as the sun god on the Greek island Crete and the Pyrenees between France and Spain, associated with fertility of the apple trees. Abgatiacus: ‘he who owns the water’, There is only a statue of him in Neumagen in Germany. He must accompany the souls to the Underworld, perhaps a heeling god as well. Abhean: Irish god, harpist of the Tuatha De Danann (‘people of Danu’). Abianius: Gallic river god, probably of navigation and/or trade on the river. Abilus: Gallic god in France, worshiped at Ar-nay-de-luc in Côte d’Or (France) Abinius: Gallic river god or ‘the defence of god’. Abna, Abnoba, Avnova: goddess of the wood and river of the Black Wood and the surrounding territories in Germany, also a goddess of hunt. Abondia, Abunciada, Habonde, Habondia: British goddess of plenty and prosperity. Originally she is a Germanic earth goddess. Accasbel: a member of the first Irish invasion, the Partholans. Probably an early god of wine. Achall: Irish goddess of diligence and family love. -
Luciano Golzi Saporiti. I Toponimi Del Seprio
LUCIANO GOLZI SAPORITI. I TOPONIMI DEL SEPRIO 0 LUCIANO GOLZI SAPORITI. I TOPONIMI DEL SEPRIO I TOPONIMI DEL SEPRIO INTRODUZIONE Le etimologie proposte per buona parte dei toponimi del Seprio e delle aree immediatamente adiacenti risultano spesso fantasiose, dubbie e contraddittorie: scopo di questo studio è di tentare di stabilirne l’origine e il significato reali. Ricordiamo, innanzitutto, che i nomi di luogo, quando furono attribuiti, avevano un significato preciso e comprensibile, quasi sempre legato ad una divinità, al nome di una persona o a qualche visibile caratteristica fisica del territorio. A seconda delle epoche e delle mode, cambiarono i criteri di denominazione, ma rimasero sempre “semplici” spesso ripetitivi, come oggi i vari Albergo Bellavista, Ristorante della Posta, Trattoria da Giovanni, Residence Lago Blu, Villa Francesca, Cascina Bianchi, Santa Maria di..., Podere del Roveto, Grand Hôtel Terme, Villaggio le Ginestre, eccetera. In un lungo periodo di colonizzazione agricola del territorio, risultarono sempre particolarmente popolari i toponimi “prediali”, indicanti cioè il nome del fondatore e primo proprietario dell’insediamento. Ben raramente le località furono “ribattezzate”, ma i loro nomi subirono radicali modifiche, legate alle variazioni progressive della lingua e della pronuncia; con il passare del tempo, l’origine dei toponimi fu dimenticata e il loro significato divenne incomprensibile. Facciamo degli esempi. Sabaudia, Carbonia e Latina [già Littoria] sono toponimi recenti; ne conosciamo sia il significato che l’origine: tra una generazione saranno dimenticati. Montechiaro, Villafranca, Castelnuovo, Roncaccio sono toponimi medievali ancora comprensibili: abbiamo però dimenticato perchè si chiamino così. Di Busto, Varese, Tradate e Abbiate non conosciamo il significato nè l’origine: possiamo solo ipotizzarli. -
Celtic Religion Across Space and Time
Celtic Religion across Space and Time J. Alberto Arenas-Esteban (ed.) IX Workshop F.E.R.C.AN FONTES EPIGRAPHICI RELIGIONVM CELTICARVM ANTIQVARVM JUNTA DE COMUNIDADES DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA - 2010 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Workshop F.E.R.C.A.N. (9 ª.2010. Molina de Aragón) Celtic Religion across space and time : fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm / J. Alberto Arenas-Esteban (ed) . – Molina de Aragón : CEMAT (Centro de Estudios de Molina y Alto Tajo) ; Toledo : Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Servicio del Libro, Exposiciones y Audiovisuales, 2010. 298 p. : il. ; 29 cm. – (Actas) ISBN: 978-84-7788-589-4 Depósito Legal: AB-328-2010 1. Antropología social 2. Historia Antigua 3. Arqueología 39 (364) : 94 902 (364) Con la colaboración de C.E.M.A.T. Queda rigurosamente prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de esta obra sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del copyright. © de los autores I.S.B.N.: 978-84-7788-589-4 Depósito Legal: AB-328-2010 FOTOGRAFÍA DE PORTADA: Altar de los Lugoves. (Cortesía del Museo Numantino, Soria) MAQUETACIÓN: M. Marco Blasco IMPRIME: Sonora Comunicación Integral, S.L. EDICIÓN: CONSEJERÍA DE EDUCACIÓN, CIENCIA Y CULTURA DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA Impreso en España - Printed in Spain Contents PRESENTACIÓN INSTITUCIONAL. PRESENTATION. Jesús Alberto Arenas-Esteban. 1. EPIGRAPHY AND PHILOLOGY: METHODOLOGICAL REMARKS AND REGIONAL STUDIES. Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel Method in the analysis of Romano-Celtic theonymic materials: improved readings and etymological interpretations. 18 Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel & Manfred Hainzmann Sive in theonymic formulae as a means for introducing explications and identifications. 28 Bernard Rémy Corpus Fercan: les provinces romaines des Alpes occidentales (Alpes graies, cottiennes, maritimes, pœnines). -
Caesar Selections
Grammatical Appendix from Caesar: Selections fr om his Commentarii De Bello Gallico Introduction Th is Appendix is a revision of the one that bears the same title in Arthur Tappan Walker’s Caesar’s Gallic War with Introduction, Notes, Vocabulary, and Grammatical Appendix (Chicago and New York: Scott Foresman and Company, 1907), pp. 424–528. Examples derive primarily from Caesar’s Commentariī, but a few derive from Cicero. Refer- ences to Caesar provide book, chapter, and verse: 1.1.1 would, for example, refer to the fi rst sentence of Caesar’s Dē bellō Gallicō. Examples from Caesar’s other works include the title and, if from Cicero, name and title. Pronunciation Quantity of Vowels 1. A vowel is usually short: a. Before another vowel or before h; as ineō, nihil. b. Before nd and nt; as in laudandus, laudant. c. In words with more than one syllable, before any fi nal consonant other than s; as in laudem, laudat. (But compare laudās.) 2. A vowel is long: a. Before nf, ns, nx, and nct; as in īnferō, cōnsul, iūnxī, iūnctum. b. When it results from contraction; as in īsset, from iisset. 3. A vowel is usually long: a. In one syllable words (monosyllables) not ending in b, d, l, m, or t; as in mē, hīc (but compare ab and ad where the vowels are short). Pronunciation of Vowels 4. In classical Latin pronunciation, long vowels, whether they were accented or not, were supposed to receive twice the time given to the pronunciation of short vowels. In English, we generally give more time only to the vowels in accented syllables.