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Kelompok Abu Sayyaf Dan Radikalisme Di Filipina Selatan 119 Adhe Nuansa Wibisono, Kelompok Abu Sayyaf dan Radikalisme di Filipina Selatan 119 Kelompok Abu Sayyaf dan Radikalisme di Filipina Selatan: Analisis Organisasi Terorisme Asia Tenggara Adhe Nuansa Wibisono Fisip Universitas Al-Azhar dan Freedom Foundation Jakarta [email protected] Abstract: This writing describes a group of Abu Sayyaf (Arabic: Abű Sayyâf, means ‘swordman,’ or ‘father of sword) from its diverse facets: leader and figures, organizational stucture, motive and political ideology, as well as strategy in conducting terrorism actions. Abu Sayyaf is an alias name for the founder, Abdulrajak Janjalani, who is born in Basilan, Philipine. Using an Arabic forename, and Philipine becoming a location for its apearance and establishment, Abu Sayyaf has relation with the struggle of Moro nation, Philipine. Keywords: Abdulrajak Janjalani, Mujahidin troops, Moro nation Abstrak: Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan kelompok Abu Sayyaf (Arab: Abű Sayyâf, pembawa pedang, atau ayah dari pedang) dari sisi-sisi: pemimpin dan tokoh-tokoh, struktur organisasi, motivasi dan ideologi politik, serta strategi dalam melakukan aksi terorisme. Abu Sayyaf adalah nama alias dari Abdulrajak Janjalani, sang pendiri, yang dilahirkan di Basilan Filipina. Penggunaan nama Arab (Islam), dan Filipina sebagai lokasi kemunculannya, Abu Sayyaf punya keterkaitan dengan perjuangan bangsa Moro. Katakunci: Abdulrajak Janjalani, Pasukan Mujahidin, Bangsa Moro Pendahuluan tiga militan Abu Sayyaf tewas, dan sekitar Perdamaian dan stabilitas politik nampak- 20 orang militer Filipina luka-luka. Militer nya belum terwujud dengan penuh di kawasan Filipina meluncurkan operasi militer di Filipina Selatan. Tingginya intensitas konflik wilayah Basilan dalam rangka menangkap dan kekerasan yang terdapat di wilayah ter sebut Puruji Indama, komandan Abu Sayyaf, yang ditandai dengan kehadiran organisasi terorisme dianggap bertanggungjawab atas berbagai yang secara aktif melakukan berbagai tindakan kasus penculikan dan pembunuhan baik teror seperti penculikan, kekerasan bersenjata, terhadap warga Filipina maupun warganegara dan intimidasi. Salah satu organisasi terorisme asing selama beberapa tahun belakangan.1 yang paling menonjol saat ini di Filipina Selatan adalah Kelompok Abu Sayyaf. 1 The Guardian Online, “Abu Sayyaf extremists Baru-baru ini pada 11 April 2014, militer battle troops in Philippines, leaving 20 soldiers injured,” Filipina meluncurkan serangan terhadap http://www. theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/11/abu- kelompok Abu Sayyaf dan menyebabkan sayyaf-extremists-battle-troops-philippines, diakses pada 13 April 2014. 119 120 Ilmu Ushuluddin, Volume 3, Nomor 1, Januari 2016 Aksi terbaru lainnya yang diduga dilaku kan Sayyaf ini? Siapa saja pemimpin dan tokoh- oleh kelompok Abu Sayyaf adalah pencu likan tokohnya, bagaimana struktur organisasinya, seorang kepala sekolah pada 31 Maret 2014, apa motivasi dan ideologi politiknya dalam di suatu daerah di propinsi Basilan. Korban melakukan aksi terorisme, dan bagaimana penculikan diidentifikasi sebagai Benita strategi kelompok Abu Sayyaf dalam melakukan Enriquez Latonio, seorang penduduk dari aksi terorisme? Barangray Talisayan yang menjabat sebagai kepala sekolah di Sekolah Dasar Manggal, Latar Belakang dan Sejarah Kota Sumisip, Basilan.2 Jejak rekam berdiri kelompok Abu Sayyaf, Tidak hanya berhenti di sana pada 16 yang secara literal berarti ‘pembawa pedang’ Februari 2014, kelompok Abu Sayyaf juga atau ‘ayah dari pedang,’ tidak dapat dipisahkan tercatat melakukan penculikan terhadap dari sosok pendirinya Abdulrajak Janjalani, sepasang suami istri di kepulauan Jolo. Suami anak dari tokoh ulama Basilan, yang pada tahun istri, kedua mereka adalah karyawan perusa- 1980an bersama dengan ratusan orang militan haan lokal, diculik oleh enam tersangka teroris Moro lainnya mengikuti kamp pelatihan militer dari kelompok Abu Sayyaf di depan rumah Afghanistan, untuk bergabung dengan pasukan mereka di San Raymudo village di Jolo.3 Mujahidin Afghanistan dalam melawan invansi Selain itu juga Abu Sayyaf dikenal se- dan pendudukan Uni Soviet. Abdulrajak bagai kelompok teroris militan yang tidak Janjalani menempuh jenjang pendidikan di segan-segan melakukan pembunuhan terha- Universitas Islam di Arab Saudi, lulus pada dap korban-korban penculikannya. Biasa nya tahun 1981, kemudian memelajari hukum kelompok Abu Sayyaf melakukan pencu- fiqih Islam di Umm al-Qurâ’ Makkah selama likan kemudian menuntut uang tebusan 3 tahun. Ia kemudian kembali ke Basilan sebagai ganti keselamatan nyawa para san- dan Zamboanga, Filipina untuk memulai deranya, tetapi dalam beberapa kasus Abu berdakwah pada tahun 1984.4 Sayyaf melakukan pembunuhan dan bahkan Pada 1987, Abdulrajak Janjalani me- pemenggalan para sandera. lakukan perjalanan ke Libya dan kemudian Aksi-aksi terorisme yang dilakukan oleh bergabung dengan Mujahidin dan bertempur kelompok Abu Sayyaf tentu menjadikan melawan Uni Soviet selama beberapa tahun kelompok ini sebagai salah satu kelompok di Afghanistan. Di Peswahar, Pakistan, ia terorisme aktif yang paling berbahaya di diperkirakan bertemu dengan penyandang dana Asia Tenggara saat ini. Untuk itu tulisan ini Mujahidin dari Arab Saudi, Osama bin Laden. akan mencoba untuk memberikan gambaran Abdulrajak Janjalani kemudian melakukan dan deskripsi mengenai apa kelompok Abu pelatihan militer pada akhir tahun 1980an di kamp pelatihan militer di Khost, Afghanistan, 2 Philstar News Online, “Abu Sayyaf abducts yang dipimpin oleh seorang panglima militer school principal in Sumisip,” http://www.philstar.com/ Mujahidin dari faksi Ittiḥâd al-Islâmî, Abdur nation/2014/03/ 31/1307219/updated-abu-sayyaf- Rab Rasul Sayyaf. abducts-school-principal-sumisip, diakses pada 15 April 2014. 3 Philstar News Online, “Couple kidnapped by 4 Zachary Abuza, “Balik-Terrorism: The Return of Abu Sayyaf Group in Jolo,” http://www.philstar.com/ the Abu Sayyaf”, Strategic Studies Institute, September headlines/ 2014/02/16/1291092/couple-kidnapped- 2005, 2, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/ abu-sayyaf-group-jolo, diakses pada 15 April 2014. pdffiles/pub625.pdf, diakses pada 13 April 2014. Adhe Nuansa Wibisono, Kelompok Abu Sayyaf dan Radikalisme di Filipina Selatan 121 Nama kelompok Abu Sayyaf sendiri bahwa aktor intelektual dari pengeboman diperkirakan diambil dari nama alias World Trade Center 1993, Ramzi Yousef, Abdulrajak Janjalani yang memilih alias Abu mendukung gagasan pembentukan kelompok Sayyaf untuk menghormati panglima militer Abu Sayyaf yang dapat berguna sebagai Mujahidin tersebut. Selain itu juga Abdur Rab kontak sel dan jaringan kelompok Al-Qaeda Rasul Sayyaf juga merupakan mentor dari di Filipina. Ramzi Yousef, instruktur pelatihan jihadis Indonesia, Riduan Ishamuddin, yang perakitan bom di kamp Khost Afghanistan, dikenal sebagai Hambali, pimpinan Jamaah kemudian melakukan perjalanan bersama Islamiyah. Zachary Abuza menyebutkan Abdulrajak Janjalani di Filipina dari Desember bahwa Abdulrajak Janjalani termasuk sebagai 1991 sampai Mei 1992 atas permintaan Osama salah satu dari 48 orang yang termasuk ke bin Laden untuk memberikan pelatihan dalam Executive Council of the Islamic pembuatan bom terhadap anggota Abu Sayyaf International Brigade, orang-orang inti yang di kamp militer mereka di kepulauan Basilan. akan membentuk jaringan internasional Al- Kemudian Ramzi Yousef diperkenalkan Qaeda ke depannya.5 kepada para pimpinan Abu Sayyaf dan sebagai Pada tahun 1989, Abdulrajak Janjalani ‘utusan bin Laden’ dan ia disebut dengan mela kukan rekrutmen dari para anggota Moro julukan ‘the Chemist’ atau ‘Kimiawan’ karena National Liberation Front (MNLF) yang kemampuannya dalam pembuatan bom.7 merasa tidak mendapatkan tempat atau tidak Selain memberikan dana untuk Abdulrajak puas dengan kepemimpinan Nur Misuari. Para Janjalani dalam pembentukan kelompok Abu eksponen MNLF ini, termasuk Wahab Akbar, Sayyaf, Osama bin Laden juga memberikan Amil hussin Jumaani dan Abdul Ashmad, pendampingan terhadap organisasi yang memu tuskan bergabung dengan Janjalani dan baru terbentuk ini. Wali Khan Amin Shah, memben tuk kelompok Abu Sayyaf. Menurut militan senior yang berjuang bersama bin Abuza, intelijen Filipina ketika itu berasumsi Laden di Afghanistan dikirim ke Filipina bahwa tujuan pembentukan kelompok Abu untuk melakukan rekrutmen, pelatihan Sayyaf saat itu adalah untuk mengintervensi militer dan membantu kelompok Abu dan menyabotase proses perdamaian yang Sayyaf. Aliran finansial dan pendanaan tengah berlangsung antara pemerintah juga mulai mengalir masuk, kelompok Filipina dengan MNLF dan kemudian Abu Sayyaf mulai menerima pengiriman tindakan itu dapat menurunkan kredibilitas senjata dari Victor Blout, pedagang senjata para pimpinan MNLF.6 Tajik yang memiliki kontak baik dengan Terkait dengan kepentingan memerluas rezim Thaliban maupun jaringan Al-Qaeda.8 jaringan Al-Qaeda di Asia Tenggara, Osama Kelompok Abu Sayyaf kemudian dikenal bin Laden diyakini memanfaatkan jaringan secara meluas oleh publik ketika aksi dengan Abdulrajak Janjalani untuk membentuk pengeboman pertama mereka terjadi pada jaringan sel di Filipina. Dokumen intelijen dari Agustus 1991 yang menghancurkan kapal Phlippine National Police (PNP) menunjukkan 5 Zachary Abuza, “Balik-Terrorism: The Return 7 Zachary Abuza, “Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyaf,” 2. of the Abu Sayyaf,” 3. 6 Zachary Abuza, “Balik-Terrorism: The Return 8 Zachary Abuza, “Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyaf,” 2-3. of the Abu Sayyaf,” 3-4. 122 Ilmu Ushuluddin, Volume 3, Nomor 1, Januari 2016 M/V Doulos, kapal misionaris
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