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Cane Ridge Revival Head-Edited by John Lawrence Co-Edited by Seth Teitler, Matt Menard, Marshall Steinbaum, and Gautam Kandlikar Written by the University of Chicago and Dartmouth March 2014 Packet 13 TOSSUPS 1. This man went into hiding at Gilan following the death of his father at the hands of the Shirvanshahs, and he published poetry under the pen name Khata’i. At Qunduz, this man reunited Khanzada Begum with her younger brother. This leader ordered the destruction of the tomb of Abu Hanifa during his conquest of Iraq, and Div Soltan served as regent for this man’s son following his death. This son of Sheikh Haydar led a group of seven tribes, the most powerful of which was the Shamlu, to victory over the Aq Qoyunlu Confederacy. This ruler’s successor signed the Treaty of (*) Amasya, and this ruler lost his capital of Tabriz to the forces of Selim the Grim following the Battle of Chaldiran, the first defeat for his red-turban wearing Shi’a warriors, known as the Qizilbash. For 10 points, name this founder of the Safavid dynasty. ANSWER: Shah Isma’il I [or Esma’il I Safavi; or Abū l-Muzaffar bin Haydar as-Safavī] 2. An equimolar mixture of this molecule and borane in THF can reduce ketones to secondary alcohols by forming oxazaborolidine in situ. In DMF, this molecule reacts with an enolate to form an intermediate that attacks only the re-face of an electrophilic aldehyde, while in a selectively-syn reaction, a PMP-protected imine reacts with an enamine formed from this molecule to create a beta- amino-carbonyl. This common asymmetric organocatalyst allows ligands to bind to (*) SH3 domains and forms bonds that exhibit cis-trans isomerism. Zinc acts as a competitive inhibitor of this molecule’s iron-dependent gamma-hydroxylation, which also requires an ascorbate cofactor. The CBS catalyst is derived from this molecule, which, along with its hydroxy-derivative and glycine, stabilizes the triple helix. For 10 points, name this amino acid that turns yellow in the ninhydrin test due to its pyrrolidine side chain, abundant in collagen. ANSWER: R- or S- or D- or L-proline [accept Pro or P; accept pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid; accept CBS catalyst or Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst or (R)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine before “oxazaborolidine”] 3. Robert Adams made a moral argument against the existence of these entities, as they make us powerless to do anything that would improve a situation. Another thinker attacked “ersatzist” theories of them in a book that distanced itself from the view of these as maximally consistent sets of propositions. These things are related to one another through accessibility relations, and a set of them with a set of accessibility relations forms a (*) frame. Counterpart theory holds objects can only exist in one of these; that theory was developed by David Lewis in his book “on the plurality” of these entities. Saul Kripke criticized treating these as “distant planets” we view dimly through a telescope and introduced the phrase “rigid designator” to define objects which are the same in all of these entities the objects inhabit. For 10 points, name these places in modal logic which do not necessarily exist. ANSWER: possible worlds 4. In one of this author’s short stories, the protagonist is visited by the ghost of a former parishioner of his, who offers him a cup of her tears mixed with water from a fountain. In another story by this author, a butterfly alights upon the title character’s head after a scuffle knocks a vase off a table. One of his works ends with a farmer and his children creating a pile of stones after the ghost of Mary Goffe was unable to prevent the crazed Richard (*) Digby from dying alone in a cave. In another story by him, a Jew from Nuremberg carries a show-box purported to display the Unpardonable Sin that the title former lime-kiln worker set out twenty years before to find. This author of “The Man of Adamant” wrote a story in which three men fight to dance with Widow Wycherly after drinking an elixir that makes them younger. For 10 points, name this author of “Ethan Brand” who included “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment” in his Twice-Told Tales. ANSWER: Nathaniel Hawthorne 5. During the late 1970’s, rival editions of this piece were produced by Fiske and Inwood for Eulenberg and by Nectoux and Zimmerman for Peters. Five years after its premiere, this piece’s composer added parts for bassoon and brass, to what had previously been an orchestration for strings, organ, and timpani. The third movement of this work opens with rippling E-flat arpeggios for harp and violas, while a melody is passed between the women and men, and a solo (*) violin plays a melody in the high register. Its penultimate movement opens with a baritone soloist singing a D- minor setting of the “Libera Me”. Its choice and arrangement of texts was mirrored in a work of the same genre by Maurice Duruflé. This work omits the traditional “Sequenza”, interpolates a “Pie Jesu” for solo soprano, and concludes with an “In Paradisum”. For 10 points, name this Mass for the Dead written by a certain late-19th century French composer. ANSWER: Gabriel Fauré’s Requiem in D minor, Op. 48 6. In 2010, Sperling et al used microRNA screens and this technique to discover the “spicule gap” in demosponges. When applied to plants, this technique is often “relaxed.” Martin and Palumbi argued that this technique generates heterogeneous data because of the relatively rapid production of reactive oxygen species in homeotherms. Regions with very high K sub s values are too saturated to allow the accurate use of this technique, which produces data that can be analyzed by (*) BEAST and classically employs cytochrome c or hemoglobin. This “sloppy” technique relies on the same assumptions as UPGMA and cannot be used when the null hypothesis is rejected in Tajima’s relative rate test. This technique requires calibration from the fossil record. For 10 points, name this technique based on Kimura’s neutral theory, used to estimate divergence times and provide a timescale to phylogenetic trees. ANSWER: molecular clocks [accept descriptive answers like dating divergence times before mentioned; accept ML/SRDT clocks; prompt on partial answer; prompt on answers like “making phylogenetic trees” or “rooting”; prompt on answers involving “fossils” before mentioned; prompt on “genomics” or any answers related to gene sequencing] 7. Frank Gannett wrote “I would be glad to do my part in trying to get control of [this business] and make it a forceful spokesman for the party” in response to Herbert Hoover’s entreaty to prevent this business from falling into the hands of William Randolph Hearst, then a Roosevelt backer. It was ultimately purchased by the former Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Eugene Meyer, who explicitly aimed to counter Roosevelt’s inflationary monetary policies. The publisher of this newspaper suggested that Bobby Kennedy tried to sabotage the negotiations that put Lyndon Johnson on JFK’s presidential ticket, for which that man acted as go-between, and that man’s wife (*) succeeded him as publisher after his suicide. Ben Bradlee edited a series of investigative articles in this paper that led to Nixon’s resignation. For 10 points, name this newspaper published by Katherine Graham in which Bernstein and Woodward covered Watergate. ANSWER: The Washington Post 8. The narrator of this novel imagines a young man who becomes an entomologist because he learns that female scorpions devour their mates; that narrator then compares the time he repeatedly told a judge, “It was at night” to one character reading an administrative history book and learning that his mother has a noble maiden name. While drinking tea in a garret overlooking a cemetery, one character in this novel decides to leave a lover called the ‘Quite-Quite’ for one called (*) Mimosa II. Alberto coils snakes around the arm of this novel’s poison-gathering protagonist, who was once called Lou Culafroy. The protagonist has affairs with the Greco-Roman wrestler Marchetti, the soldier Archangel Gabriel and the pimp Darling in this novel, which Jean-Paul Sartre called an “epic of masturbation.” For 10 points, name this novel about the canonized transvestite prostitute Divine, written from prison by Jean Genet. ANSWER: Our Lady of the Flowers [or Notre Dame des Fleurs] 9. Nagarjuna’s “Letter to a friend” claims that those who repeatedly hear of this concept will develop the character of a diamond. This concept is represented by the statues in the Wang Saen Suk garden of one Thai wat. Variations of this concept are described after a man is cross-examined by a king who chastises him for ignoring a divine messenger covered in excrement in the Devaduta Sutra. The Bon festival celebrates Maudgalyayana giving offerings in order to deliver his (*) mother from this concept, which for those who perform anantarika-kamma is exemplified by Avīci. The bodhisattva Ksitigarbha vowed not to become a Buddha until the emptying of all manifestations of this concept, which describes the temporary destination of beings who possess negative karma. For 10 points, name these realms that include the eight cold and hot Narakas, places of suffering in Buddhist cosmology. ANSWER: Buddhist hell realms [or Narakas before mentioned; accept Avīci before mentioned; accept underworlds or purgatory; accept Diyu; accept patala; prompt on “death” or “afterlife”; prompt on “suffering” or “retribution” or “dukkha”; prompt on “judgment” or related answers; prompt on “purification” or related answers; prompt on “negative karma” or “bad karma” or related answers; prompt on “preta” or “hungry ghosts”; prompt on “worlds” or “realms” or other generic answers about places] 10.

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