New Frontiers in Japanese Studies Over the last 70 years, Japanese Studies scholarship has gone through several dominant paradigms, from ‘demystifying the Japanese’, to analysis of Japanese economic strength, to discussion of global interest in Japanese popular culture. This book assesses this literature, considering future directions for research into the 2020s and beyond. Shifting the geographical emphasis of Japanese Studies away from the West to the Asia-Pacific region, this book identifies topic areas in which research focusing on Japan will play an important role in global debates in the coming years. This includes the evolution of area studies, coping with ageing populations, the various patterns of migration and environmental breakdown. With chapters from an international team of contributors, including significant representation from the Asia-Pacific region, this book enacts Yoshio Sugimoto’s notion of ‘cosmopolitan methodology’ to discuss Japan in an interdisciplinary and trans- national context and provides overviews of how Japanese Studies is evolving in other Asian countries such as China and Indonesia. New Frontiers in Japanese Studies is a thought-provoking volume and will be of great interest to students and scholars of Japanese and Asian Studies. Akihiro Ogawa is Professor of Japanese Studies at the University of Melbourne’s Asia Institute, Australia. His major research interest is in contemporary Japanese society, focusing on civil society. Philip Seaton is a Professor in the Institute of Japan Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan. His main research areas are Japanese memories of the Asia-Pacific War and tourism induced by popular culture. Routledge Contemporary Japan Series 77 Animism in Contemporary Japan Voices for the Anthropocene from post-Fukushima Japan Shoko Yoneyama 78 Political Sociology of Japanese Pacifism Yukiko Nishikawa 79 Zainichi Korean Women in Japan Voices Jackie J. Kim-Wachutka 80 Japanese Culture Through Videogames Rachael Hutchinson 81 Social Trauma, Narrative Memory and Recovery in Japanese Literature and Film David C. Stahl 82 Cultural and Social Division in Contemporary Japan Bridging Social Division Edited by Yoshikazu Shiobara, Kohei Kawabata and Joel Matthews 83 Locating Heisei in Japanese Fiction and Film The Historical Imagination of the Lost Decades Marc Yamada 84 Masculinity and Body Weight in Japan Grappling with Metabolic Syndrome Genaro Castro-Vázquez 85 New Frontiers in Japanese Studies Edited by Akihiro Ogawa and Philip Seaton New Frontiers in Japanese Studies Edited by Akihiro Ogawa and Philip Seaton First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Akihiro Ogawa and Philip Seaton; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Akihiro Ogawa and Philip Seaton to be identified as the authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-367-40680-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-82149-4 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear To our students Contents List of figures x List of tables xi List of contributors xii Notes on the text xvi Acknowledgements xvii Introduction: envisioning new frontiers in Japanese Studies 1 AKIHIRO OGAWA AND PHILIP SEATON PART I Rethinking Japanese area studies in the twenty-first century 19 1 Rethinking the Maria Luz Incident: methodological cosmopolitanism and Meiji Japan 21 BILL MIHALOPOULOS 2 Exporting theory ‘made in Japan’: the case of contents tourism 33 PHILIP SEATON 3 Japanese language education and Japanese Studies as intercultural learning 46 JUN OHASHI AND HIROKO OHASHI 4 Japanese Studies in China and Sino-Japanese Relations, 1945–2018 60 YI ZOU 5 Japanese Studies in Indonesia 75 HIMAWAN PRATAMA AND ANTONIUS R. PUJO PURNOMO viii Contents PART II Coping with an ageing society 89 6 Discover tomorrow: Tokyo’s ‘barrier-free’ Olympic legacy and the urban ageing population 91 DEIRDRE A.L. SNEEP 7 Foreign care workers in ageing Japan: Filipino carers of the elderly in long-term care facilities 104 KATRINA NAVALLO 8 Immigrants caring for other immigrants: the case of the Kaagapay Oita Filipino Association 116 MELVIN JABAR PART III Migration and mobility 129 9 Invisible migrants from Sakhalin in the 1960s: a new page in Japanese migration studies 131 SVETLANA PAICHADZE 10 Japanese women in Korea in the postwar: between repatriation and returning home 145 MOOAM HYUN 11 Challenging the ‘global’ in the global periphery: performances and negotiations of academic and personal identities among JET-alumni Japan scholars based in Japan 158 SACHIKO HORIGUCHI 12 Dream vs reality: the lives of Bangladeshi language students in Japan 170 SIDDIQUR RAHMAN 13 Sending them over the seas: Japanese judges crossing legal boundaries through lived experiences in Australia 182 STACEY STEELE 14 ‘Life could not be better since I left Japan!’: transnational mobility of Japanese individuals to Europe and the post-Fordist quest for subjective well-being outside Japan 194 SUSANNE KLIEN Contents ix PART IV The environment 207 15 Japan’s environmental injustice paradigm and transnational activism 209 SIMON AVENELL 16 ‘Community power’: renewable energy policy and production in post-Fukushima Japan 221 AKIHIRO OGAWA Appendix: survey on Japanese-language education abroad 233 Index 237 Figures 4.1 Numbers of Chinese students studying in Japan, 1999–2018 63 4.2 Number of journal article titles containing the word ‘Japan’ in the CNKI database 65 5.1 Number of newly established Japanese Studies programmes in Indonesian higher education institutions, 1960–2018 80 5.2 The eight names used for programmes that may be classified as Japanese Studies 80 17.1 Total Japanese-language learners in China, South Korea and Indonesia, 1974–2015 233 17.2 Total Japanese-language learners in Taiwan, Thailand, Australia and the United States, 1974–2015 234 17.3 Total Japanese-language learners in other Asian countries, 1974–2015 234 17.4 Total Japanese-language learners in other Western countries, 1974–2015 235 17.5 Numbers of Japanese-language learners by education sector in 2015 235 17.6 Total numbers of Japanese-language learners in higher education in 2015 236 Tables 0.1 The phases of Japanese Studies 4 2.1 Japan’s top ten universities according to international rankings 37 4.1 Numbers of articles in the CNKI database by topic 67 9.1 Numbers of returnees from Sakhalin, 1960–1993 139 9.2 Interviews conducted by the author in Japan 141 Contributors Simon Avenell is an Associate Professor at the Australian National University. His research interests include civil society, Japan and Asia, environmentalism, transnational activism, and political thought, with a focus on the contemporary era. His work has been published in leading journals such as the Journal of Japanese Studies, Environmental History, and Modern Asian Studies. His most recent book Transnational Japan in the Global Environmental Move- ment (2017) recasts the history of Japanese environmental activism through a transnational lens. He is currently completing a book tentatively entitled Asia and Japan’s Postwar: Activism, Deimperialization, and Regional Identity. Sachiko Horiguchi (DPhil in Social Anthropology, Oxford) is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Temple University Japan Campus. Her main research interests lie in the social and medical anthropology of Japan, with particular focus on youth mental health issues, education and emerging multiculturalism in contemporary Japan. Her recent works include a chapter on long-term school nonattendance in postwar Japan (in Education in Japan in a Global Age: Sociological Reflections and Future Directions, 2018) and a chapter on hikikomori (youth social withdrawal) in contemporary Japan (in Life Course, Happiness and Well-being in Japan, Routledge, 2017). Mooam Hyun is a Professor in the Research Faculty of Media and Communica- tion, Hokkaido University. His main research themes are the Korean dias- pora, media and cultural studies. He is the author of Korian nettowāku: media idō no rekishi to kūkan (Korean Networks: The History and Spaces of the Diaspora and its Media), published by Hokkaido University Press, and numerous articles on the migration and identities of the Korean diaspora and Japanese in East Asia. Melvin Jabar is an Associate Professor in the Department of Behavioral Sci- ences of the De La Salle University (DLSU) College of Liberal Arts and the current Director of the Social Development Research Center (SDRC). His research interests include the sociology of education, family studies and