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Anime and Manga As Japanese Cultural Diplomacy Towards Indonesia (2012-2016)

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Anime and Manga As Japanese Cultural Diplomacy Towards Indonesia (2012-2016) THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN DIPLOMACY: ANIME AND MANGA AS JAPANESE CULTURAL DIPLOMACY TOWARDS INDONESIA (2012-2016) By ANDI RACHMAN ID no. 016201300167 A thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Concentration Diplomacy Studies 2017 THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “The Role of Culture in Diplomacy: Anime and Manga as Japanese Cultural Diplomacy towards Indonesia (2012- 2016)” prepared and submitted by Andi Rachman in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense. Cikarang, Indonesia, January 25th 2017 Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare this thesis, entitled “The role of Culture in Diplomacy: Anime and Manga as Japanese Cultural Diplomacy towards Indonesia (2012-2016)” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, January 25th 2017 Andi Rachman iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET The Panel of Examiner declare the thesis entitled “The Role of Culture in Diplomacy: Anime and Manga as Japanese Cultural Diplomacy towards Indonesia (2012-2016)” that was submitted by Andi Rachman majoring in International Relations from Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examination on March 6th, 2017. Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. Chair – Panel of Examiner Hendra Manurung, MA Examiner Isyana Adriani, BA, M.Si. Thesis Adviser iv ABSTRACT Title: The Role of Culture in Diplomacy: Anime and Manga as Japanese Cultural Diplomacy towards Indonesia (2012-2016) This research aims to discuss the influence of Anime and Manga as Japanese cultural diplomacy in cultural and bilateral relations between Japan and Indonesia that limited in the period of 2012-2016. This research used qualitative method which is explained descriptively the effort of Japanese government in using Anime and Manga as cultural diplomacy through cultural activities with other country and also Indonesia. Anime and Manga used to promote other Japanese culture both popular and traditional. The researcher found out the support from Japanese government as well as from the creator and artist in promoting Japanese culture through Anime and Manga. As Japanese government foreign policy to export culture in purpose of building relations with other country, especially Indonesia. The development of Anime and Manga in Indonesia is surprisingly increased, it can be seen through many forums, clubs and groups of Anime and Manga fans in Indonesia. Japan also keep supporting Japan Foundation Jakarta as their agent of culture which sometimes do film screenings of Anime and Manga. Japanese Festival or Matsuri is also held annualy in Indonesia, with help from Japan’s ambassador in Indonesia. Japanese products are getting famous day by day in Indonesia, the use of Anime and Manga as Japanese cultural diplomacy is reach the target. Culture is one of Japanese government program whether to build or improve the relations between countries, in this case Japan and Indonesia. Keywords: Anime and Manga, popular culture, cultural diplomacy, Japan Foundation Jakarta v ABSTRAK Title: The Role of Culture in Diplomacy: Anime and Manga as Japanese Cultural Diplomacy towards Indonesia (2012-2016) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas pengaruh Jepang Anime dan Manga sebagai diplomasi budaya dalam hubungan budaya dan bilateral antara Jepang dan Indonesia yang terbatas dalam periode 2012-2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang secara deskriptif menjelaskan upaya pemerintah Jepang dalam menggunakan Anime dan Manga sebagai diplomasi budaya melalui kegiatan budaya dengan negara lain dan juga Indonesia. Anime dan Manga digunakan untuk mempromosikan budaya Jepang baik populer dan tradisional. Peneliti menemukan dukungan dari pemerintah Jepang maupun dari pencipta dan seniman dalam mempromosikan budaya Jepang melalui Anime dan Manga. Sebagai kebijakan luar negeri pemerintah Jepang untuk mengekspor budaya dengan tujuan membangun hubungan dengan negara lain, terutama Indonesia. Perkembangan Anime dan Manga di Indonesia secara mengejutkan meningkat, dapat dilihat melalui berbagai forum, klub dan kelompok penggemar Anime dan Manga di Indonesia. Jepang Juga tetap mendukung Japan Foundation Jakarta sebagai agen budaya mereka yang terkadang melakukan pemutaran film Anime dan Manga. Festival Jepang atau Matsuri juga diadakan setiap tahunnya di Indonesia, dengan bantuan dari Duta Besar Jepang di Indonesia. Produk-produk dari jepang semankin terkenal hari demi hari di Indonesia, penggunaan Anime dan Manga sebagai diplomasi kebudayaan Jepang mencapai target. Budaya adalah salah satu program pemerintah Jepang Baik untuk membangun atau meningkatkan hubungan antar negara, dalam hal ini Jepang dan Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Anime dan Manga, budaya populer, diplomasi budaya, Japan Foundation Jakarta vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thanks to Allah S.W.T. by His grace and His blessing to help the writer finish this thesis. I might not have completed my thesis without Your permission and thank you for giving me strength and ease my way to finish this thesis. I would also give my gratitude to my happy family who always give me good advice about thesis, to always remind me to be patience and not forget to pray. Dad, mom, and my little sister thank you very much for all the pray and for the good wishes. This thesis would not complete without guidance from my advisor Mr. Teuku Rezasyah Ph.D. and Ms. Isyana Adriani M.Si. thank you for being good to me and thank you for being patience in guide me to complete my thesis. I would like to say thank you for my friends Luki Juniansyah, Danar Wardhana, Hervian Putra, Richard Mattoali, Jonathan Damanik, and Andrianto Arief who always support me. Thank you for all your praise and kindness to me during completing this thesis. Thank you all, hope we all could pass together and meet again with our degree. The last is big thank to beloved IR friends especially in Mr. Teuku Rezasyah’s group of thesis who always remind and support each other. Thank you for the support and thank you for giving many important information which help me to complete my study. Bekasi, January 25th 2017 Andi Rachman vii LIST OF ACRONYMS AFAID : Anime Festival Asia Indonesia ASEAN : Association Southeast Asia Nations CGI : Computer Generated Imaginary CJCC : Cambodia-Japan Cooperation Center CJF : Cool Japan Fund COSPLAY : Costume Play FDI : Foreign Direct Investment FTA : Free Trade Area GDP : Growth Domestic Product IJEP : Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership PM : Prime Minister IMMG : International Media Marketing Group JCC : Japan Creative Culture JENESYS : Japan-East Asia Network of Exchange for Students and Youths JPF : Japan Foundation JTA : Japanese Tourism Agency METI : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry MILT : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism MOFA : Minister of Foreign Affairs ODA : Official Development Assistance U.S. : United States UNSC : United Nations Security Council WWII : World War viii TABLE OF CONTENT THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER.......................................................ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ...............................................................................iii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................iv ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................v ABSTRAK..........................................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................vii LIST OF ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................viii CHAPTERS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1 I.1. Background of studies .............................................................................................. 1 I.2. Problem Identification .............................................................................................. 5 I.3. Statement of Problem ............................................................................................... 8 I.4. Research Objectives ................................................................................................. 8 I.5. Significance of the Study.......................................................................................... 8 I.6. Theoretical Framework............................................................................................. 9 I.6.1. Soft Power ......................................................................................................... 9 I.6.2. Cosmopolitan Constructivism ......................................................................... 11 I.7. Literature Review ................................................................................................... 13 I.8. Research Methodology ..........................................................................................
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