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A Organização Das Políticas Públicas Integradas Para a Agricultura

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A Organização Das Políticas Públicas Integradas Para a Agricultura An in-depth review of the evolution of integrated public policies to strengthen family farms in Brazil Mauro Eduardo Del Grossi and Vicente P.M. de Azevedo Marques ESA Working Paper No. 15-01 July 2015 Agricultural Development Economics Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations www.fao.org/economic/esa An in-depth review of the evolution of integrated public policies to strengthen family farms in Brazil Mauro Eduardo Del Grossi and Vicente P.M. de Azevedo Marques Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2015 Recommended citation FAO. 2015. An in-depth review of the evolution of integrated public policies to strengthen family farms in Brazil, by Mauro Eduardo Del Grossi and Vicente P.M. de Azevedo Marques. ESA Working Paper No. 15-01. Rome, FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO, 2015 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected] An in-depth review of the evolution of integrated public policies to strengthen family farms in Brazil1 Mauro Eduardo Del Grossi2 and Vicente P. M. de Azevedo Marques3 Abstract From 2003, the Zero Hunger Program and subsequently, in 2011, the Brazil Without Poverty Plan, marked a deliberate convergence of the purposes and actions focused on farmers and family farmers in Brazil. This allowed simultaneous access to social policies and polices focused on agriculture and livestock activities, through a permanent set of public policies, such as rural credit, climate and income insurance, technical assistance and commercialization. This happened in parallel to affirmative actions related to gender, ethnicity and rural youth. To deal with such complex themes such as eradicating hunger and extreme poverty, the Federal Government began to integrate traditionally independent actions and programs. The creation of institutional markets focused on family farming, such as the Program for Purchase of Food (PAA) and the National Program for School Meals (PNAE), is an example of combining public policies, such as social assistance, education, agriculture and land development. The creation of this integrated program was only made possible by the coordination and the strong commitment towards joint efforts by federal ministries and bodies, as well as the effective participation of state and municipal governments. The constant presence of organized civil society, with its councils and forums, and of the organized movements in the rural, helped to correct and increase the actions, and conferring legitimacy to the programs. Keywords: family farm; public policies; hunger; extreme poverty; Brazil. JEL codes: Q18, D18, I38 1 Paper prepared for The State of Food and Agriculture 2015: social protection and agriculture: breaking the cycle of rural poverty (forthcoming). All internet sources accessed on 30 October 2014 unless otherwise indicated. 2 Professor at the University of Brasilia, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]. Corresponding author. 3 Agronomist at the National Institute for Colonization and Land Reform, Porto Alegre, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]. iii Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... vi Summary of key lessons ........................................................................................................... vii List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ........................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1. Family Farming in Brazil: from isolated policies to development policies ...................... - 2 - 1.1 The current definition and importance of Brazilian family farming ........................... - 6 - 1.2 Definitions of family farming in the scope of the Mercosul ....................................... - 9 - 1.3 Development of the organizational environment ........................................................ - 9 - 2. Development under the standpoint of food security: The Zero Hunger Program ........... - 13 - 2.1 The link between family farming and the institutional market: the Program for Purchase of Food (PAA) ................................................................................................................. - 16 - 2.2 Connection between family farming and the institutional market: the National Program for School Meals (PNAE) ............................................................................................... - 22 - 3. Family farming support policies ..................................................................................... - 25 - 3.1 Pronaf - rural credit ................................................................................................... - 25 - 3.2 Programs linked to credit: Weather Insurance .......................................................... - 31 - 3.3 Programs linked to credit: Price Insurance ............................................................... - 31 - 3.4 Credit Supplementary Programs: Harvest Guarantee Program (Garantia-Safra) ..... - 32 - 3.5 Policy for the Guarantee of Minimum Price for Socio-biodiversity Products (PGPM- Bio) .................................................................................................................................. - 34 - 3.6 Diversification and value adding programs: Biodiesel ............................................. - 34 - 3.7 Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Policy (ATER) ...................................... - 36 - 3.8 National Plan of Agro-ecology and Organic Production (Planapo) .......................... - 38 - 3.9 Other policies ............................................................................................................ - 39 - 3.9.1 Gender affirmative policies ................................................................................ - 39 - 3.9.2 Social Security .................................................................................................... - 40 - 3.9.3 Water Cistern Program ....................................................................................... - 40 - 3.9.4 Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) ................................................................ - 41 - 4. Current examples of the integration of public policies ................................................... - 42 - 4.1 Territories of Citizenship Program for Territorial Development .............................. - 42 - 4.2 Brazil Without Poverty Plan in Rural Areas ............................................................. - 44 - 4.2.1 Income Guarantee and access to PBSM public services .................................... - 45 - 4.2.2 Rural Productive Inclusion in PBSM ................................................................. - 46 - iv 4.3 Land Policies and Land Reform in Brazil ................................................................. - 49 - 4.3.1 Current context of the land policies ................................................................... - 49 - 4.3.2 Current organization of Land Reform ................................................................ - 51 - 4.4 The Brazil “Quilombola” Program (PBQ) ................................................................ - 52 - 5. Final considerations ......................................................................................................... - 54 - Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ - 56 - v Acknowledgements This paper was prepared as background for The State of Food and Agriculture 2015: social protection and agriculture: breaking the cycle of rural poverty. The authors are most grateful for the valuable feedback from numerous colleagues. In particular, the authors wish to thank Caio Galvão de Franca and André Croppenstedt. The authors also acknowledge the support from Cecilia Fujita dos Reis for the revision and Beatriz Pucci for the
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