From Fome Zero to Zero Hunger: A global perspective José Graziano da Silva (Coord.) From Fome Zero to Zero Hunger: A global perspective José Graziano da Silva (Coord.) With Gala Dahlet Maya Takagi Mauro DelGrossi Paulo de Lima Saulo Ceolin Required citation: Graziano da Silva, J. (Coord.). From Fome Zero to Zero Hunger: A global perspective. Rome, FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. 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FROM FOME ZERO TO ZERO HUNGER: A global perspective Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................... v Introduction – The fight against hunger: from the Brazilian experience to a global commitment ..........................................................................................1 1. Eradicating hunger: A political will ................................................................. 8 2. Brazil’s Fome Zero strategy ............................................................................ 21 3. Brazil’s Fome Zero and the Hunger-Free Latin America and Caribbean 2025 Initiative .......................................................................44 4. The Zero Hunger Challenge, an initiative of Ban Ki-moon in 2012 .................. 58 5. Zero Hunger in Africa ...................................................................................70 6. How the Brazilian Fome Zero programme inspired Asia and the Pacific ..........89 7. Fome Zero: How Brazil’s success story became a model for achieving the right to food .......................................................................98 8. The importance of parliamentary fronts for achieving Zero Hunger ............ 112 9. Family farming in the global agenda and the United Nations Decade of Family Farming ....................................................................................... 127 10. Sustainable agriculture and food systems: Towards a Third Agricultural Revolution ...............................................................................140 11. Zero Hunger: From the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals ......................................................... 158 12. Looking ahead: Zero Hunger as part of the food systems challenge .............. 171 About the authors ............................................................................................. 181 FROM FOME ZERO TO ZERO HUNGER: A global perspective Foreword e are now approaching 2020, which means that one third of the time set to reach the Sustainable Development Goals has passed. What we have seen Wis a growing commitment across the world to the Zero Hunger agenda. Countries are advancing in setting up platforms that will be able to show how much they progress each year. The United Nations system and development partners are working hard to facilitate these mechanisms, establishing monitoring frameworks and platforms for reporting as well as promoting policy dialogue and the exchange of experiences among countries and partners, taking into consideration each of the 17 goals. FAO has an important role to play as an organization that has been strongly com- mitted since its foundation to eradicating hunger across the globe. This means that FAO can use, and is using, all of its expertise to support countries in formulating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating policies, programmes, strategies, poli- cies and initiatives that contribute to a world that is food secure, i.e. where every- body can access food that is sufficient in terms of quantity, quality and regularity. However, FAO is not alone in this task. Many countries have been doing their homework for decades. One of FAO's roles is precisely to learn from these countries' successful experiences and share those lessons with other countries. The Brazilian Zero Hunger initiative is one such example. Launched in 2003, it was the main fac- tor that enabled the country to swiftly achieve the first Millennium Development Goal and then to eradicate hunger by 2014. Many countries were inspired by Brazil's Zero Hunger strategy, which was undoubt- edly one of the key elements that contributed to the election of José Graziano da Silva as Director-General of FAO in 2011. It is therefore fitting that he conclude his term of office with a book showing how this initiative became an inspiration across the world under his mandate. Indeed, this book not only traces the evolution of the implementation of Zero Hunger over the years, but shows how its principles and concepts took root in all regions, from Latin America and the Caribbean to Africa and Asia. The book pre- sents the different contributions made by the partners involved, from the whole UN System – through the Zero Hunger Challenge – to family farmer platforms, civil v Foreword society, and parliamentary fronts against hunger and malnutrition. It also looks at the challenges that the world is facing in achieving food security and nutrition for all, including rising obesity, climate change and, most alarming, the recent rever- sal in progress towards reducing hunger. We still have 10 years left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This book will help to guide us towards the collective goal of a world free from hunger and malnutrition. Qu Dongyu Director-General of FAO (as of 1 August 2019) vi FROM FOME ZERO TO ZERO HUNGER: A global perspective Introduction The fight against hunger: from the Brazilian experience to a global commitment or millennia, the lives of people, communities and civilizations have been marked by a permanent threat. That threat is hunger, a scourge that leads to Fweakness, desperation and, in the most extreme cases, death. Escaping hunger has been one of the main common threads throughout history, causing large-scale migration, wars, conflicts and enormous sacrifices. But it has also given rise to -un expected alliances and served to sharpen human ingenuity and consolidate soli- darity and fellowship between communities. As a result of that ingenuity, that solidarity and the human inclination to escape the shackles of need, the second half of the twentieth century saw a significant in- crease in food production. Although that increase took – and still takes – a considerable toll on the planet’s natu- ral resources, it helped to keep pace with population growth and to reduce the episodes of famine that periodically plagued much of the world. It has now been several dec- ades since our incapacity to produce enough food for all stopped being the reason why hundreds of millions of people are not eating enough for