BRAZILIAN PERCEPTIONS OF THE EU AND BRAZIL 2019 EDIÇÃO EBOOK BRAZILIAN PERCEPTIONS OF THE EU AND BRAZIL Lisboa 2019 "The European Commission's support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein." Ficha Técnica Título: Brazilian Perceptions of the EU and Brazil AAFDL – 2019 Autor: Instituto Europeu Edição: AAFDL Alameda da Universidade – 1649-014 Lisboa Novembro / 2019 Part 1. Brazilian perceptions of the EU and brazil´s relations with it ÍNDICE INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................6 PART 1. BRAZILIAN PERCEPTIONS OF THE EU AND BRAZIL’S RELATIONS WITH IT.....13 1. Inaugural Speeches of Brazil’s Ministers for Foreign Affairs and Brazil-EU relations: Reading Between the Guidelines Rafaela Marinho Silva and Thiago Mattos Moreira .............................14 2. How Brazilian Press Frames EU-Brazil Relations After Brexit Juliana Bighetti Almeida and Leandro Almeida Lima ..........................44 3. Good neighbourly relations in Europe and Latin America compared Lívia Radaeski ......................................................................................71 4. Access to Basic Rights and Social Goods: Brazil compared with EU state responses to the emergence of new social movements based on the example of the UK Fernão Kastrup ....................................................................................117 5. Lieux de mémoire: the European Union Global Strategy and Russia Caio H. Duarte ....................................................................................144 6. Furthering EU-Brazil relations through knowledge mobility Joyce Pereira de Almeida ....................................................................174 4 Inaugural Speeches of Brazil’s Ministers for Foreign Affairs and Brazil-EU relations: Reading Between the Guideline Rafaela Marinho Silva Thiago Mattos Moreira PART 2. CLIMATE CHANGE, ENERGY, ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES AND EXCHANGE OF GENETIC RESOURCES: BRAZILIAN AND EU GOVERNANCE COMPARED .......195 7. Legal and political aspects of the evolution of the energy matrix: obstacles and challenges in Brazil and in the European Union Patrícia Bianchi ...................................................................................196 8. Strategic Environmental Assessment for renewable energies: Brazil and the EU compared Paula Galbiatti Silveira .......................................................................232 9. Environmental legislation and changes in Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions: from the New Forest Code to the World Climate Conference (COP 23) Bonn Samara Martins Silva and Fernando Paiva Scardua ............................267 10. Traceability and the exchange of genetic resources in Brazil and EU relations Vanessa de Vasconcellos Lemgruber França .......................................289 5 Part 1. Brazilian perceptions of the EU and brazil´s relations with it INTRODUCTION This collected volume is the result of the research undertaken within the Young Researcher Seminar book project, which is core to the Brazil- Caeni-EU Project, a three year (2015 to 2018) Project of the Institute for International Relations (IRI) of the University of São Paulo, co-financed by the European Union’s Erasmus+ Programme, in the form of Jean Monnet Support to Institutions project funding. The 10 chapters of this book are drawn from the research and presentation of nineteen young researchers from different states and universities within Brazil, spanning diverse disciplines and exploring themes arising in the context of the EU-Brazil Strategic Partnership, which reached its ten year anniversary in 2017. Disciplines participating in this seminar include social and political sciences, international relations and international affairs and development, law, communications as well as environmental management and sciences, languages and literature. This seminar proceeded in English in order to help establish networks beyond Brazil, and aims to set the foundations for identifying and stimulating future research questions and initiatives arising in the context of research on Brazil-EU relations today. Reflecting the multi-disciplinary reach of the Call for Papers of August 2016, the Young Researcher Seminar of February 2017 presented contributions tackling diverse issues ranging from trends in Brazilian foreign policy rhetoric, topical trade and environment matters, multi-lateralism and bilateralism in the EU-Brazil relationship, the significance of knowledge mobility in Brazil-EU relations, EU external relations, as well as analysis of policy and regulatory instruments by young environmental managers and scientists in addition to young lawyers, relating to the environment, climate change and energy, cross-cutting horizontal issues dealing with eco-system services in forestry/agricultureand payment for ecosystem services, the traceability issues in the sharing of genetic resources, and common challenges for translating scientific and regulatory innovations into policy concerning waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) and construction materials. 6 Inaugural Speeches of Brazil’s Ministers for Foreign Affairs and Brazil-EU relations: Reading Between the Guideline Rafaela Marinho Silva Thiago Mattos Moreira The ten contributions contained in this collected volume are arranged into two parts. The first part is entitled “Brazilian Perceptions of Brazil’s relations with the EU” and the second part is dedicated to comparative legal and policy analysis, by lawyers as well as environmental managers on topics under the heading of climate change, energy, ecosystems services and the traceability and exchange of genetic resources. COMMENT ON EU-Brazil Relations today The first chapter brings together contributions from two Master Graduates in International Relations (PPGRI) from State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rafaela Marinho Silva and Thiago Mattos Moreira, who explore the implications of the 2016 inaugural speech of Brazil’s Foreign Minister, José Serra, announcing the “modernization” of Brazil’s foreign policy and the implications for future EU-Brazil relations. The authors have undertaken a substantive content analysis of each Foreign Minister’s inaugural or farewell speeches over the last 14 years in order to interpret the value of these diplomatic speeches in terms of their political relevance. The content analysis follows Discourse Analytical Approaches (DAAs), a booming methodology in International Relations (IR), and specifically that of Lakatos and Marconi (2003). The authors hone in on direct references to the European Union (or obvious lacks thereof) and specific high profile practice examples – business transactions or physical political presence – in order to test this ideational perception of the Brazil-EU relationship. They conclude that, “Today’s new administration represents a fresh overture towards a different and more progressive relationship for Brazil and the EU”, while highlighting the lack of progress in EU-MERCOSUR trade arrangements as weakening future viability and deepening of the Brazil-EU bilateral relationship. The second chapter is the work of two Master Graduates from the Departament of Political Science of the University of Sao Paulo. In order to examine the analysis by key media outlets in Brazil of EU-Brazil relations since the Brexit referendum, the authors have collected data from the three largest national newspapers in Brazil – O Globo (193,079 units), Folha 7 Part 1. Brazilian perceptions of the EU and brazil´s relations with it de S. Paulo (189.254) and O Estado de S. Paulo (157.761) – following a methodology that allows for quantitative and qualitative analysis. They highlight the scarcity of analysis of the impact of Brexit on Brazil’s relations with the European Union from the perspective of the media. Indeed, the authors conclude that the Brexit tensions between the UK and the EU does not impact on these outlets’ approaches to EU-Brazil relations, but rather remains more a matter of concern for the purposes of potential Brazil-UK relations in a post-Brexit scenario. Also interesting among their findings is the lack of coverage of EU-Brazil relations beyond the economic concerns, including MERCOSUR, and the lack of any common vision by these three outlets of Brazil’s relations with the EU. In Chapter Three, Lívia Radaeski who obtained her Bachelor degree in International Relations from the Pontificate Catholic University (PUC) of São Paulo in 2014, makes an impressive comparison of the application of the good neighbourliness principle within the EU and South America in the form of MERCOSUR. In an impressive coverage of primary sources and commentary, the author draws on the application of good neighbourliness in the EU regional integration context, and goes on to explore it in comparison with the South American integration process. The lack of a codification of the concept in international law highlights the difficulties of defining and applying the principle in customary law and practice. She highlights to losenes of the principle and Brazil and MERCOSUR relations by comparison with the depth of application of this principle within the EU and in EU external Relations. Nevertheless, Radaeski insists on the fact that the good neighbourliness principle is essential to the South American