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University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting EVALUATION OF LARVAL CULTURE METHODS FOR THREE MARINE FINFISH, MONODACTYLUS SEBAE, LAGODON RHOMBOIDES, AND SELAR CRUMENOPHTHALMUS By DANIEL JAMES ELEFANTE A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2019 © 2019 Daniel James Elefante To my wife, Amanda, who has been a constant source of support and encouragement during the challenges of graduate school and life. This work is also dedicated to my parents, who have always loved and encouraged me to reach my goals. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Cortney Ohs for his support and guidance during this process. Through the duration of the writing process, he kept me motivated and made sure that I was ready to defend the work that I had completed. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the rest of my committee: Dr. Ruth Francis-Floyd and Dr. Charles Cichra, for their encouragement, helpful comments, and constructive questions. I would also like to thank everyone at the University of Florida IRREC: Dr. Jason Broach, Andrew Palau, Scott Grabe, Audrey Beaney, John Marcellus, and Bryan Danson. Without their help, none of this would have been possible. Last but not the least; I would like to thank my parents and my wife for their constant encouragement and support throughout this process. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 12 2 THE CULTURE OF MONODACTYLUS SEBAE ..................................................... 14 Methods .................................................................................................................. 15 Broodstock Conditioning and Egg Collection .................................................... 15 Egg Stocking Density ....................................................................................... 16 Salinity Effects on Egg Hatching Success ........................................................ 18 Larval Rearing Experiments ............................................................................. 18 Stocking Eggs vs Stocking Larvae ................................................................... 20 Effects of Different Live Feeds on Larval Growth and Survival......................... 22 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................ 24 Results .................................................................................................................... 24 Egg Stocking Density ....................................................................................... 24 Salinity Effects on Egg Hatching Success ........................................................ 25 Stocking Eggs vs Stocking Larvae ................................................................... 26 Effects of Different Live Feeds on Larval Growth and Survival......................... 27 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 31 3 CULTURE OF LAGODON RHOMBOIDES ............................................................. 36 Methods .................................................................................................................. 37 Broodstock Conditioning and Egg Collection .................................................... 37 Water Quality .................................................................................................... 39 Larval Culture Experiments .............................................................................. 39 Live Food and Algae Culture Preparation......................................................... 40 Effects of Different Live Feeds on Larval Growth and Survival......................... 41 Effects of Different Stocking Densities on Larval Growth and Survival ............. 42 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................ 43 Results .................................................................................................................... 44 Effects of Different Live Feeds on Larval Growth and Survival......................... 44 Effects of Different Stocking Densities on Larval Growth and Survival ............. 47 5 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 51 4 CULTURE OF SELAR CRUMENOPHTHALMUS ................................................... 54 Methods .................................................................................................................. 55 Broodstock Conditioning and Egg Collection .................................................... 55 Larval Culture Experiments .............................................................................. 55 Green Water Effects on Growth and Survival ................................................... 56 Aeration Intensity Effects on Growth and Survival ............................................ 56 Effects of Different Live Feeds on Larval Growth and Survival......................... 57 Results .................................................................................................................... 58 Green Water Effects on Growth and Survival ................................................... 58 Aeration Effects on Growth and Survival .......................................................... 59 Effects of Different Live Feeds on Larval Growth and Survival......................... 59 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 61 5 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 64 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 68 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ............................................................................................ 76 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Mean standard length ±SD (mm) of five M. sebae larvae randomly selected from each replicate tank and each treatment...................................................... 29 3-1 Standard length measurements (mm) of five Lagodon rhomboides larvae randomly selected from each tank in each treatment. ........................................ 46 3-2 Mean standard length and body depth measurements (mm). ............................ 49 4-1 Mean standard length (mm) of 8 Selar crumenophthalmus larvae selected at random from each tank in each treatment (n=16). .............................................. 59 4-2 Mean standard length (mm) of 8 Selar crumenophthalmus larvae selected at random from each tank in each treatment (n=16). .............................................. 60 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 2-1 Egg salinity and stocking density experimental setup. ........................................ 17 2-2 Experimental system utilized in all larval experiments described in this master’s thesis. ................................................................................................... 19 2-3 The larvae of M. sebae on a Sedgewick Rafter counting cell. ............................ 21 2-4 Feeding schedule for the live feed experiment with M. sebae over 9 days post hatch. .......................................................................................................... 23 2-5 Mean hatching percentage ±SD of M. sebae eggs in stocking densities of 10, 20, 30, and 40/L at 2 dph (p = 0.0212). .............................................................. 25 2-6 Mean hatching percentage of M. sebae eggs incubated in water salinity of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, and 50 g/L. .................................................................. 26 2-7 Mean percent survival of all M. sebae stocked either as eggs or larvae after 5 days. ................................................................................................................... 27 2-8 Survival (mean ± SE) of M. sebae larvae after 9 days. ....................................... 28 2-9 Mean standard length (mm) measurements of 5 M. sebae larvae selected at random from each of the 6 tanks in each treatment. .......................................... 30 3-1 Feeding schedule for live feed experiment conducted with pinfish over 11 days post hatch. ................................................................................................. 42 3-2 Survival (Mean ± SD) of Lagodon rhomboides larvae at 11 dph. ....................... 45 3-3 Percent survival at 11dph of Lagodon rhomboides larvae for each of the four densities tested based on 5 replicate tanks. ....................................................... 48 3-4 Mean standard length (mm) and body depth (mm) of five Lagodon rhomboides larvae
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