tribution (Tomlinson 1986). 1986). (Tomlinson tribution

eta Pcfc hr Id-aii mnrvs ec ter atad ii f dis­ of limit eastward their reach mangroves Indo-Pacific where Pacific, Central

center of Noumea. Results presented here can be used as baseline information for for information baseline as used be can here presented Results Noumea. of center for zoogeographic studies undertaken in the South-West Pacific, as well as in the the in well as as Pacific, South-West the in undertaken studies zoogeographic for

future monitoring of the community. They are also useful for similar research and and research similar for useful also are They community. the of monitoring future

subjected to heavy anthropogenic stresses, except in the vicinity of the urban urban the of vicinity the in except stresses, anthropogenic heavy to subjected

South-West Lagoon of New Caledonia. Fortunately, this area has not yet been been yet not has area this Fortunately, Caledonia. New of Lagoon South-West

allow a sustainable use of this natural resource (Thollot, in press). press). in (Thollot, resource natural this of use sustainable a allow

amn) auclue pan ad ihpns o tuim atfca bahs re­ beaches, (artificial tourism or ponds) fish and (prawns aquaculture farming),

land reclamation and conversion, particularly for agriculture (rice or sugar cane cane sugar or (rice agriculture for particularly conversion, and reclamation land sorts). There is an urgent need to prevent further destruction of mangroves, to to mangroves, of destruction further prevent to need urgent an is There sorts).

up to 60% of total area in Java (Saenger et al. 1983). These are mainly related to to related mainly are 1983). These al. et (Saenger Java in area total 60% of to up

losses of mangrove forests have sometimes reached dramatic levels levels of disturbance, dramatic reached sometimes have forests losses of mangrove

enhancement of coastal productivity and fishery yields, mangroves are severely severely are mangroves yields, fishery and productivity coastal of enhancement Saenger et al. 1983, Lal 1984, Tomlinson 1986, Thollot 1992a, in press). Extensive Extensive 1992a, press). in 1986, Thollot 1984, 1983, Tomlinson Lal al. et Saenger

threatened on most shorelines (Chapman 1976, Baines 1981, Christensen 1983, 1983, Christensen 1981, Baines 1976, (Chapman shorelines most on threatened

provide such as land protection, sediment trapping, high primary productivity, productivity, primary high trapping, sediment protection, land as such provide

Micronesica Micronesica

The purpose of this work is to list the fish fauna inhabiting mangroves of the the of mangroves inhabiting fauna fish the list to is work this of purpose The

Mangroves are tropical tidal forests and swamps. In spite of the benefits they they benefits the of spite In swamps. and forests tidal tropical are Mangroves

and Ariidae were not censused and freshwater species were scarce. scarce. were species freshwater and censused not were Ariidae and

also present together with reef or soft bottom associated species (includ­ species associated bottom soft or reef with together present also

ing Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Carangidae and Lethrinidae). Sciaenidae Sciaenidae Lethrinidae). and Carangidae Lutjanidae, Serranidae, ing

( ( 11 spp. ),

as Elopidae, Kuhliidae, Cichlidae, Chandidae and Microdesmidae, are are Microdesmidae, and Chandidae Cichlidae, Kuhliidae, Elopidae, as

eercre wt 3nwrcrs Te ot pcoefmle r Go­ are families speciose most The records. new 3 with recorded were

biidae (31 spp.), Apogonidae (17 spp.), Serranidae (13 spp.), Carangidae Carangidae (13 spp.), Serranidae (17 spp.), Apogonidae (31 spp.), biidae

edonia were sampled using gill nets, fyke nets and rotenone poisonings poisonings rotenone and nets fyke nets, gill using sampled were edonia

Abstract-Mangrove Abstract-Mangrove from 1987 to 1990. A total of 262 species, distributed among 64 64 families, among of 262 species, distributed 1990. total 1987 A to from

A List List A of Fishes Inhabiting Mangroves from the South-West

91: 1 29(1):

M M

-

uraenidae and Lethrinidae ( ( 10 Lethrinidae such families, spp. and ). Estuarine uraenidae

19, 1996 1996 19,

Consultant en Environnement et Ressources Marines Marines Ressources et Environnement en Consultant

BP 9239-98 807 807 9239-98 BP

ihsfo te ot-et aon fNw Cal­ New of Lagoon South-West the from fishes

Lagoon Lagoon of New Caledonia

PIERRE PIERRE

Introduction Introduction

Noumea Noumea

THOLLOT THOLLOT

Cedex, Cedex,

New New Caledonia Caledonia 2 Micronesica 29(I), 1996

Material and Methods

STUDY AREA Located in the South-West Pacific, New Caledonia is a high island sur­ rounded by an extensive barrier reef enclosing several lagoons (Fig. I). The climate is tropical with 2 rainy (summer and winter) and 2 dry (spring and fall) seasons. The most noticeable meteorological event is the occurrence of cyclones during the warm and rainy season (January to March). Maximum tidal range is 1.8 m. Most mangrove forests are located on the west coast which is protected from SE trade 2 winds. These forests and swamps cover approximately 200 km • In the South­ West Lagoon, mangroves are well developed in estuaries and sheltered bays. On the northern part of the study area, the width of the lagoon decreases. As a con­ sequence, hydrodynamic conditions are reduced and the shoreline becomes suit­ able for settlement, growth and development of extensive mangroves. These man­ groves can grow in the vicinity of fringing reefs or reef flats. Further details on floristics and quantitative assessment of mangrove forests, water quality, and characterization of habitat (temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, sed­ iment) are given in Thollot ( 1992a).

,,;.\ NEW CALEDONIA ., '-.•, ·. ~ &. 0

22°s

Pacific Ocean

Coral Sea

[ZJ Land

""' Reefs D Sampling with gill nets only

• Sampling with gill nets and rotenone poisonings (Bold stations are those which were selected for further sampling, cf. fig. 2)

23°S 166°E 0

Figure I. Study area and location of sampling sites from "SW Lagoon Mangroves fish fauna" survey.

et al. (1984), Sainsbury et al. (1984), Myers (1989) and Randall et et (1990). al. Where (1984), (1989) et Randall al. al. et (1984), Myers Sainsbury and

each station (gill nets and fyke net). net). fyke and (gill nets station each

where only three sets of gill nets have been completed in July 1989, because of of because 1989, July in completed been have nets gill of sets three only where

24 sets of fyke nets were performed during 1989. The exception was in Bourake, Bourake, in was exception 1989. The during performed were nets fyke of sets 24

2 sets of a fyke net (Fig. 3). Thus, on each sampling site, 48 sets of gill nets and and nets gill of sets 48 site, sampling each on Thus, 3). (Fig. net fyke a of sets 2

books such as Fischer Fischer as such books

(Bourake) and June (Ouenghi) 1990, an ichthyocide (rotenone) was used to sample sample to was used (rotenone) 1990, ichthyocide (Ouenghi) an June and (Bourake)

bad weather (strong westerly wind). At the end of the sampling cycle, in March March in cycle, sampling the of end the At wind). westerly (strong weather bad

stretched meshes) were set four times, twice daily and twice nightly, together with with together twice nightly, and twice daily times, four set were meshes) stretched

On both stations, a fleet of gill nets (3 nets, 3m 3m nets, (3 nets gill of fleet a stations, both On

Ouenghi (Ouenghi-Nongoro deltaic system) and Bourake stations (Fig. 2). In In 2). (Fig. stations Bourake and system) deltaic (Ouenghi-Nongoro Ouenghi

turbidity. turbidity.

keling, most fish sinking to the bottom could not be collected because of the water water the of because collected be not could bottom the to fish sinking most keling, ihfua) Dt fo ti smln alwd h assmn o te pta dis­ spatial the of assessment the allowed sampling this from Data fauna"). fish

pling surveys were undertaken. The first one was an exhaustive census of the the of census exhaustive an was one first The undertaken. were surveys pling with sea water and liquid soap. All fish drifting at the sea surface and caught in in caught and surface sea the at drifting fish All soap. liquid and water sea with and 3.00 m high, 50, 75 and 100 m long, 35, 40, 60 and 80 mm stretched meshes) meshes) stretched 80 mm and 60 35, 40, long, 100 m 75 and 50, high, 3.00 m and

nets (20 to 35 mm) before spreading rotenone powder (10% active matter) mixed mixed matter) (10% active powder rotenone spreading before 35 mm) to (20 nets

Prony Prony

hours. Ten rotenone poisonings were performed on 8 stations, from from stations, 8 on performed were poisonings rotenone Ten hours.

set perpendicular to the shoreline for 48 hours, the catch being retrieved every 24 24 every retrieved being catch the hours, 48 for shoreline the to perpendicular set

estuarine mangrove (Ouenghi-Nongoro deltaic system) and a fringing reef man­ reef fringing a and system) deltaic (Ouenghi-Nongoro mangrove estuarine (rotenone) were also used. In Saint-Vincent Bay Bay Saint-Vincent In used. also were (rotenone) St Vincent Bay Mangrovesfishfauna Mangrovesfishfauna Vincent Bay St

tribution of the fish communities. The second sampling was held in Saint-Vincent Saint-Vincent in held was sampling second The fish communities. the of tribution tide were collected. A total of 68 gill net settings were performed on 16 16 stations, on performed were settings net gill 68 of total A collected. were tide

and withdrawn at low tide. Most fish moving out the mangrove during the ebbing ebbing the during mangrove the out fish moving Most tide. low at withdrawn and

species inhabiting most mangroves from the study area area study the from mangroves most species inhabiting

the surrounding nets were recovered with scoopnets. Even though we were snor­ were we though Even scoopnets. with recovered were nets surrounding the (Fig. (Fig.

aeoi (i. ) rm 97t 19 seTolt 92 o eal) To sam­ Two details). for 1992a 1990 (see Thollot 1987 to 1), from (Fig. Caledonia

SW Lagoon Mangrovesfishfauna Mangrovesfishfauna Lagoon SW

grove (Bourake). Each of these sites was sampled monthly, over a one year period. period. year one a over monthly, sites these of sampled was Each (Bourake). grove

bay area ("St. Vincent Bay Mangroves fish fauna"). Two sites were selected, an an selected, were sites Two fauna"). fish Mangroves Bay Vincent ("St. area bay both by night and day (Table 1, Fig. 1 ). In addition, fyke nets and an ichthyocide ichthyocide an and nets fyke 1 1, Fig. addition, In (Table ). day and night by both

1989, 12 samplings were performed during each last quarter of the lunar month. month. lunar the of quarter last each during performed were 12 1989, samplings

All fish collected were identified using identification keys and taxonomic taxonomic and keys identification using identified were collected fish All

Thollot (1992a) has extensively detailed the ecological characteristics of of characteristics ecological the detailed extensively has (1992a) Thollot

From Prony to Teremba, mangroves were sampled using gill nets (1.20, 2.20 2.20 (1.20, gill nets using sampled were mangroves Teremba, to Prony From

The mangrove fish survey took place in the South-West Lagoon of New New of Lagoon South-West the in place took survey fish mangrove The

I). I).

(Table 1, Fig. 1 ). The area to be poisoned was circled with small meshed meshed small with circled was poisoned be to 1 area 1, Fig. The ). (Table

Nets were set along the mangrove fringe at the end of the incoming tide tide incoming the of end the at fringe mangrove the along set were Nets

& &

Bianchi (1984), (1984), Gloerfelt-Tarp Bianchi

SPECIES IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATION SPECIES

Thollot: Mangrove Fishes Fishes Mangrove Thollot:

SAMPLING SAMPLING

x x

(Deama (Deama

70 m, with 40, 60 and 80 mm mm 80 and 60 40, with m, 70

& &

("SW ("SW

Kailola (1984), (1984), Masuda Kailola

station), station),

Lagoon Mangroves Mangroves Lagoon

fyke nets were were nets fyke

Teremba Teremba

to to 3 3 /87

88 88

88 88 88 88 88

88 89 89

89

89

/ /

/ / / / /

/ / / / /

Date

12/88

11 11 12/88

12

06/88 07

05 06

07 07

04 04 06

04-04

1 06

1

2

2

3 3

7

2

2 2 2

7

2

2 2

4 4 4

4

settings poisonings

Gill nets Rotenone

18 ( +2 ( 18 Fyke nets)

(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)

E

Micronesica 29(1), 1996 Micronesica

IO'

(Muller & Henle, 1837)

Class Elasmobranchii Class

Results and Discussion and Results

ORDER TIFORMES MYLIOBA

(Riippell, 1837)

(Muller & Henle, 1837)

ORDER CARCHARINIFORMES

S-166°54'E

'S-166°26'E '

(Muller & Henle, 1841)

I

Location

(Griffith & Smith, 1834)

22°23 21°58'S-165°58'E 21°59'S-165°58'E 21°57'S-165°58'E

21°55'S-165°55'E 21°45'S-165°42'E 21°49'S-165°45'E 21°so·s-165°49'E 21°56'S-166°04'E 'S-166°09'E 22°01 22°l l 'S-166°20'E l 22°l 'S-166° 22°03 22°1

21°56'S-166°05'E

22°10'S-166°22'E

may be found before a species name. This indicates that the

Table 1. "SW Lagoon Mangroves fauna" fish sampling.

R

Carcharhinus melanopterus

Carcharhinus /eucas Carcharhinus limbatus

Sphyrna lewini

Negaprion acutidens

Dasyatis benetti

The families are ordered phylogenetically following Eschmeyer (1990). The

Data from all samples were qualitatively pooled. In the following list, the G

G G G

G

G

Family Sphyrnidae Family

Family Dasyatidae Family Family Carcharhinidae Family

Lebris

*Stations selected for further sampling ("St Vincent Bay Mangroves fauna"). fish Le Predour taxa are ordered alphabetically within each family. New records are followed by Bourake*

Maison Neuve

South Prony species was collected using gill nets (G), fyke nets (F) or poisoned with rotenone Puen (R).

NR. Ouenghi* difficulties were encountered, specimens were sent to taxonomic authorities. How­ Quermel

Station Ouano Deama

North Prony 22°17'S-166°5l 'E Gadji letters G, F or

4

ever, a few species remained either unidentified or undescribed. Teremba

Tontouta Tamoa

Taa Thollot: Mangrove Fishes 5

0

0~ 250m Fyke,. net Mangrove fore !C:-;c.jMangroves Salt marshes ~ Reef flat limit Sandbank limit Land Land

Figure 2. "St. Vincent Bay Mangroves fish fauna" sampling sites: B) Bourake, 0) Ouenghi.

40an 40an

3.San 3.San

3an 3an

1.San 1.San

mesh mesh

Diameter Diameter

,,, ,,,

I I

/ /

I I

I I

Stretched Stretched

/ /

/ /

Stretched mesh mesh Stretched

/ /

Stretched mesh mesh Stretched

1775 1775

1775) 1775)

--

Henle, Henle, 1841)

-

& &

(Broussonet, (Broussonet, 1782)

-

ORDER ORDER ELOPIFORMES

Class Class Actinopterygii

Micronesica 29(1 ), ), 1996 29(1 Micronesica

. .

Forssk~l, Forssk~l,

i_l i_l

I I

I I :

I I

I I :

I I

(Forssk~l, (Forssk~l,

E E

(") (")

It) It)

(Muller (Muller

I I

I I

I I

kuhlii kuhlii

~ ~

,,. ,,.

Design Design and measurements of the fyke net used during New Caledonia

,,. ,,.

I I

. .

I I

Elops Elops machnata

mangrove mangrove surveys fish

Mega/ops Mega/ops cyprinoides

Dasyatis Dasyatis

Pastinachus Pastinachus sephen

Figure Figure 3

G G F R

G G F

Family Family Megalopidae

Family Family Elopidae

G G

G G F 6 6

Suh-Order Congroidei Congroidei Suh-Order

Suh-Order Muraenoidei Muraenoidei Suh-Order

Suh-Order Anguilloidei Anguilloidei Suh-Order

G FR FR G

Family Family Engraulidae

F F

F F

F R R F

F F

F F

R R

G F F G

G G

R R

G F F G

Family Family Clupeidae

F F

G G F R R F

Family Family Muraenesocidae

FR FR

G G

G G

Family Family Congridae

Family Family Ophichthidae

R R

R R

R R

R R

R R

G G

G F R R F G

Family Family Muraenidae

Family Family Anguillidae

GR GR

F F

F R R F

R R

R R

R R

R R

F F

Stolephorus Stolephorus

Stolephorus Stolephorus

Spratelloides graci/is graci/is Spratelloides

Stolep/10rus Stolep/10rus heterolobus

Stolephorus devisi devisi Stolephorus

Herklotsichthys Herklotsichthys

Spratelloides Spratelloides

Anguilla mossambica mossambica Anguilla

Siderea pie pie Siderea ta

Sardine/la Sardine/la

Myrophis uropterus uropterus Myrophis

Muraenichthys Muraenichthys Amblygaster sirm sirm Amblygaster

Leiuranus semicinctus semicinctus Leiuranus

Muraenesox bagio bagio Muraenesox

R R

Ophichthus Ophichthus

Gymnothorax a/bimarginatus a/bimarginatus Gymnothorax

Gymnothorax Gymnothorax

Gymnothorax Gymnothorax

Gymnothorax fimbriatus fimbriatus Gymnothorax

Uropterygius Uropterygius

Thyrsoidea Thyrsoidea

Stolephorus indicus indicus Stolephorus

Spratelloides de/icatulus de/icatulus Spratelloides

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus quadrimaculatus Herklotsichthys

Anodontostoma chacunda chacunda Anodontostoma

Sardine/lafijiensis Sardine/lafijiensis

Gymnothorax undulatus undulatus Gymnothorax

Conger cinereus cinereus Conger

Siderea thyrsoideus thyrsoideus Siderea

Thryssina baelama baelama Thryssina

Strophidon sathette sathette Strophidon

sp

cephalo=ona cephalo=ona

spp. spp.

sp. sp.

waitei waitei

. .

spp

(Ahl, 1789) 1789) (Ahl,

sp

sp. 2 2 sp.

sp

sp. sp.

. .

sp

. .

. .

(Whitley, 1940) 1940) (Whitley,

(Walbaum, 1792) 1792) (Walbaum,

1 1

Jordan & Seale, 1926 1926 Seale, & Jordan

. .

Bleeker

(Riippell, 1828) 1828) (Riippell,

(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) 1842) Schlegel, & (Temminck

(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) 1846) Schlegel, & (Temminck

(Fowler & Bean, 1923) 1923) Bean, & (Fowler

(Peters, 1852) 1852) (Peters,

ORDER ANGUILLIFORMES ANGUILLIFORMES ORDER

(Van Hasselt, 1823) 1823) Hasselt, (Van

(Lay & Bennett, 1839) 1839) Bennett, & (Lay

(Richardson, 1844) 1844) (Richardson,

ORDER CLUPEIFORMES CLUPEIFORMES ORDER

Thollot

(Riippell, 1837) 1837) (Riippell,

(Forsski;il, 1775) 1775) (Forsski;il,

(Bleeker, 1864) 1864) (Bleeker,

(Hamilton, 1822) 1822) (Hamilton,

(Bennett, 1831) 1831) (Bennett,

(Bennett, 1831) 1831) (Bennett,

, ,

(Lacepede, (Lacepede,

1864 1864

(Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) 1822) (Hamilton-Buchanan,

: :

(Temminck & Schlegel, 1847) 1847) Schlegel, & (Temminck

Mangrove Fishes Fishes Mangrove

(Riippell, 1837) 1837) (Riippell,

1803) 1803) 7 7

(Peron (Peron & Le Sueur, 1821)

1775) 1775)

(Valenciennes, (Valenciennes, 1846)

(Quoy (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)

(Schneider, (Schneider, 1801)

1775) 1775)

(Valenciennes, (Valenciennes, 1846)

(Latreille, (Latreille, 1804)

Micronesica Micronesica 29(1), 1996

ORDER ORDER BERICIFORMES

ORDER ORDER LOPHIFORMES

ORDER ORDER BELONIFORMES

(Desjardins, (Desjardins, NR 1840)

ORDER ORDER SILURIFORMES

ORDER ORDER AULOPIFORMES (Jordan (Jordan & Richardson, 1908)

(Forssk~I, (Forssk~I,

ORDER A THERINIFORMES THERINIFORMES ORDER A

(Forsskiµ, (Forsskiµ, 1775)

(Valenciennes, (Valenciennes, 1846)

(Valenciennes, (Valenciennes, 1846)

(Bleeker, (Bleeker, 1850)

dussumieri dussumieri

Valenciennes, Valenciennes, 1849

ORDER ORDER GONORYNCHIFORMES

(Quoy (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)

(Forssk~l, (Forssk~l,

(Thunberg, (Thunberg, 1787)

urvilli urvilli

yporhamphus yporhamphus

H H

Atherinomorus Atherinomorus lacunosus

Hemirhamphus Hemirhamphus far

Zenarclwpterus Zenarclwpterus dispar

Strongylura Strongylura incisa

Tylosurus Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus

Strongylura Strongylura

Strongylura Strongylura leiura

Saurida Saurida gracilis

Atherinomorus Atherinomorus endrachtensis

Saurida Saurida nebulosa

Chanos Chanos chanos

Chirocentrus Chirocentrus dorab

F F R

R R

Stenatherina Stenatherina panatela

Plotosus Plotosus lineatus

Antennarius Antennarius maculatus

Antennarius Antennarius commersoni

Family Holocentridae Holocentridae Family

GR GR

G G

G G R

R R Unidentified Hemiramphidae

G G F

G G F

Family Hemiramphidae Hemiramphidae Family

G G

G G F

Family Belonidae Belonidae Family

G G

G G FR

G G F

R R Unidentified Atherinidae

Family Atherinidae Atherinidae Family

F F

F F

Family Antennaridae Antennaridae Family

G G F

G G R

Family Synodontidae Synodontidae Family

G G

G G F

Family Plotosidae Plotosidae Family

G G F

Family Chanidae Chanidae Family

Family Chirocentridae Chirocentridae Family

Sub-Order Sub-Order Bercoidei

Sub-Order Sub-Order Exocoetoidei

Sub-Order Sub-Order Antennarioidei

Sub-Order Sub-Order Alepisauroidei 8 8 u-re Syngnathoidei Suh-Order

u-re Scorpaenoidei Suh-Order

u-re P/atycephaloidei Suh-Order

u-re Percoidei Suh-Order

G Family Syngnathidae F G F G

R

G F R R F

Family Scorpaenidae R

Family Platycephalidae

R

F G

Family Serranidae

Family Ambassidae F R F G FR

R F R F G FR G

R FR G G Family Terapontidae FR G G R F Family Kuhliidae G G G R G

GR

oyhmhs xiu excisus excisus Doryrhamphus

Hippocampus

enpo argenteus Neoniphon

Hippocampus irgahs andersonii Micrognathus

R didactylus Inimicus biaculeatus Syngnathoides ipcmu hystrix Hippocampus

oyhihhs amplexus Corythoichthys

nprdn leucogrammicus Anyperodon

pnpeu macu/atus Epinephelus

pnpeu rivulatus Epinephelus

Epinephelus pnpeu cyanopodus Epinephelus

Epinephelus Epinephelus

enpo sammara Neoniphon

agcnrn rubrum Sargocentron

mass myops Ambassis

pnpeu lanceolatus Epinephelus

uguds staigeri Suggrundus

pnpeu tauvina Epinephelus

Theraponjarbua

mass interruptus Ambassis

pnpeu caeruleopunctatus Epinephelus pnpeu coioides Epinephelus

pnpeu malabaricus Epinephelus

Epinephelus polyphekadion Epinephelus

merra

sp. sp. aff. sp.

p 1 sp.

sp.

2

Bloch,

Gunther,

(Pallas,

(Forssk~l,

tauvina

ORDER SYNGNA THIFORMES SYNGNA ORDER

RE SCORPAENIFORMES ORDER

(Valenciennes,

Kaup,

(Valenciennes,

(Castelnau,

Thollot

(Bloch, (Forssk~l, (Forssk~l,

RE PERCIFORMES ORDER

(Forssk~l,

(Richardson,

(Bleeker,

Dawson

(Valenciennes,

Bleeker,

(Bloch, (Bloch,

1793

1769)

:

1856

(Valenciennes,

1871

agoe Fishes Mangrove

(Bloch & Schneider, & (Bloch

Kaup,

1775)

1790)

(Bleeker,

1775) 1775)

&

1790) 1875)

1858)

1775)

1872)

1852

(Bloch,

1831)

Randall,

1830)

1856

1846)

NR

1828)

1849)

1790)

1828)

1975

1801)

9 1803)

1775)

1775)

1775)

1775)

1775)

Cuvier, 1828

1802)

(Cuvier, 1829)

(Lacepede,

Cuvier, 1833

(Forssk;;tl,

(Forssk;;tl,

Bleeker, 1852

Micronesica ), 29(1 1996

(Gunther, 1860)

(Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1828)

Alleyne & Mc Leay, 1877

(Cuvier, 1832)

Bleeker, 1854

Valenciennes, 1832 (Forssk;;tl,

(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)

Valenciennes, 1832

Bleeker, 1856

(Cuvier, 1829)

Quoy & Gaimard, 1924

(Forssk;;il,

Goren & Karpuls, 1980

(Forssk;;il, (Jenkins, 1902)

(Hamilton, 1822)

(Bloch, 1797)

(Valenciennes, 1832)

Cuvier, 1829

Poey, 1861

(Lacepede,

.

(Jordan & Seale, 1905)

Smith, 1961

Bleeker, 1848

3

spp

I

(Cuvier, 1833)

sp.

spp.

sp. sp. 2

.

Caranx ignobilis

Apogon hyalosoma Apogon /ateralis

Caranx me/ampygus Caranx papuensis

Si/Iago sihama

Gazza minuta

Scomberoides to/

Leiognathus equu/us Leiognathus fasciatus

Leiognathus sp/endens

sp

Kuhlia marginata

Si/Iago

Apogon guamensis

Sil/ago ciliata

Apogon

Gnathanodon speciosus

Secutor ruconius

Leiognathus /euciscus

Chei/odipterus quinque/ineatus

Caranx /ugubris

Kuhlia rupestris

Sphaeramia orbicularis Apogon Apogon

R

Apogon me/as

Caranx sexfasciatus Apogonichthys perdix Scomberoides /ysan Foa brachygramma FR Alepes vari Fowleria abocellata F R F

Fow/eria variegata

Leiognathus rivu/atus

Carangoides

Apogon gi/berti Foa

Apogon /eptacanthus

Apogonfragi/is

F F G FR F R GR G G G

F R

G F R G FR R R

Family Apogonidae Family G F G

F

G

G F G FR G

F Unidentified Carangidae

G FR G Family Sillaginidae Family G F R G FR R

Family Carangidae Family

G G F R G FR G G

G F G G Family Leiognathidae Family

G G FR G F

Family Lutjanidae Family

10 FR G

FR G R Family Gerreidae R F G

FR G R F G

F G Family Haemulidae F FR G F G Family Sparidae G

G G FR G Family Lethrinidae F G FR G G F R F G F R F G G G Family Nemipteridae G F G F

Family Mullidae G R R G

GR Family Drepanidae G F R F G G FR G GR F G

Gerres acinaees

Gerresmacrosoma

ujns bohar Lutjanus

Pomadasys

ehiu rubriopereulatus Lethrinus Lethrinus

igam pietum Diagramma

Gerresoyena Pleetorhinehus gibbosus Pleetorhinehus F

ehiu atkinsoni Lethrinus ehiu genivittatus Lethrinus yncais /ethrinoides Gymnocranius

Seo/apsis auees barberinus Parupeneus obsoletus Lethrinus ehiu olivaeeus Lethrinus FR

Seo/apsis Seo/apsis Parupeneus spilurus Parupeneus R F

lcohnhs a/bovittatus Plectorhinehus

leohnhs lineatus Pleetorhinehus

Drepane punetataDrepane

auees indieus Parupeneus Mulloidichthysf/avolineatus

ujns argentimaeulatus Lutjanus

Lutjanus fulviflammus Lutjanus Lutjanusfulvus Lutjanus

Gerresfilamentosus

Gerresovatus

enhpgu berda Aeanthopagrus argenteus Pomadasys

ehiu harak Lethrinus ehiu /entjan Lethrinus ehiu nebulosus Lethrinus

auees ciliatus Parupeneus

Upeneus tragu/a Upeneus Upeneus vittatus Upeneus

spp.

sp.

bilineatus

trilineatus

sp.

(Forsskc:tl, 1775)

russel/i

(Forsskc:tl, 1775)

lee, 1854 Bleeker,

lee, 1854 Bleeker,

ute, 1859 Gunther,

Tubr, 1792) (Thunberg,

aecens 1830 Valenciennes,

Sae 1909) (Seale,

(Forsskc:tl, 1775)

Boh 1793) (Bloch,

(Bloch

K.ner, 1868 K.ner,

Bekr 1854) (Bleeker,

Lnau, 1758) (Linnaeus,

(Forsskc:tl, 1775)

Bekr 1849) (Bleeker,

ihrsn 1845 Richardson,

aecens 1830 Valenciennes,

Lacepede,

Sa, 1803) (Shaw, (Lacepede,

hlo: agoe Fishes Mangrove Thollot:

(Lacepede,

(Lacepede,

uir 1829 Cuvier,

(Lacepede,

(Forssk<;ll, 1775)

Lnau, 1758) (Linnaeus,

(Forsskc:tl, 1775)

ao 1978 Sato,

(Forssk?l,

Bekr 1849) (Bleeker,

(Forsskc:tl, 1775)

&

Rpel 1838) (Ruppell,

cnie, 1801) Schneider,

(Lacepede,

(Forsskc:tl, 1775)

1801

1802)

1801)

1802)

1802)

1775)

1801)

II (Linnaeus, 1758)

(Peters, 1852)

1775)

(Bleeker, 1856)

1775

1775)

(Linnaeus, 1758)

(Bleeker, 1851)

(Cuvier, 1830)

(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)

(Bloch, 1791)

Micronesica 29(1), 1996

(Linnaeus, 1766)

(Bleeker, 1853)

(Valenciennes, 1836)

Schultz, 1960

(Bennett, 1832)

(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)

(Valenciennes, 1836)

(Bleeker, 1858)

(Smith, 1849)

(Bloch, 1792)

Linnaeus, 1758

Forssk,,11,

(Forssk~,

Choat & Randall, 1987

(Forssk~l,

(Forssk.;il, 1775)

.

(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)

spp

sp.

spp.

.

sp

Valamugil engeli

Monodactylus argenteus

Scatophagus argus

Heniochus acuminatus

Liza macrolepis

Liza melinoptera Liza

Mugi/ cephalus

Oreochromis mossambicus

Valamugil buchanani Valamugil cunnesius

R

R

Neopomacentrus taeniurus

Polydactylus microstoma

emigymnus melapterus

Chaetodon auriga

Valamugi/ seheli

F R

Abudefduf septemfasciatus

Chrysiptera biocel/ata

Liza vaigiensis

Abudefduf

Scarus ghobban

Platax orbicu/aris

Stethojulis strigiventer

Halichoeres biocellatus Halichoeres Halichoeres trimaculatus H

Scarus chameleon

Scarus

Parapercis cylindrica

F

G G Family Cichlidae Family Family Ephippidae Family G R

Family Monodactylidae Family G FR R R F R G F

G F

Family Pomacentridae Family G

Family Scatophagidae Family

Family Chaetodontidae Family Family Mugilidae Family

G FR G F R G

G F

G F R GR GR G FR G

Family Polynemidae Family

R R

R R R

Family Scaridae Family R G R Family Labridae Family

R

Family Pinguipedidae Family

12

Sub-Order Mugiloidei

Sub-Order Polynemoidei

Sub-Order Labroidei

Sub-Order Trachinoidei Thollot: Mangrove Fishes 13

Sub-Order Blennioidei Family Tripterygiidae R Enneapterygius sp. Family Blenniidae R /stiblennius edentulus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) R Omobranchus sp. R Omox biporos Springer, 1972 R Petroscirtes grammistes (Valenciennes, 1836) R Petroscirtes mitratus Riippell, 1830 R Praealticus sp. 1 Sub-Order Callionymoidei Family Callionymidae R Calliurichthys sp. Sub-Order Gobioidei Family Eleotridae R Eleotrisfusca (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) R Eleotris sp. aff. melanosoma R Eleotris sp. aff. oxycephala R Ptereleotris micro/epis (Bleeker, 1856) Family Gobiidae R Unidentified Gobiidae R Gobiidae sp. I R Gobiidae sp. 2 R Gobiidae sp. 3 R Acentrogobius sp. aff. audax R Amblygobius albimaculatus (Riippell, 1828) R Amb/ygobius nocturnus (Herre, 1945) R Amblygobius sp. aff. nocturnus R Asterropteryx semipunctatus Riippell, 1830 R Bathygobius a/bopunctatus (Valenciennes, 1837) R Bathygobius sp. aff. cocosensis FR Butis amboinensis (Bleeker, 1853) R Cryptocentrus sp. FR Exyrias puntang (Bleeker, 1851) R Fusigobius spp. R Glossogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837) R Glossogobius sp. R Gnatholepis sp. R /stigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) R Istigobius ornatus (Riippell, 1830) R /stigobius spence (Smith, 1947) R Mahidolia mystacina (Valenciennes, 1837) F Oplopomus caninoides (Bleeker, 1852) R Oplopomus oplopomus (Valenciennes, 1837) R Oplopomus sp.

------14 Micronesica 29( 1), 1996

G Pleurosicya sp. R Redigobius sp. R Valenciennea longipinnis (Lay & Bennett, 1839) R Vanderhorstia sp. aff. lanceolata FR Yongeichthys nebulosus (Forssk.;tl, 1775) R Yongeichthys sp. aff. pavidus Family Microdesmidae R Parioglossus dotui Tomiyama, 1958 R Parioglossus rainfordi McCulloch, 1921 NR Suh-Order Acanthuroidei Family Siganidae G F R Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) G FR Siganus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1835) Family Acanthuridae G F Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes, 1835 FR Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835 G Acanthurus mata (Cuvier, 1829) G F Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 G Naso unicornis (Forssk.;tl, 1775) Suh-Order Sphyraenoidei Family Sphyraenidae G F R Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum, 1792) G F Sphyraenafiavicauda Riippell, 1835 F R Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829 G Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 G F Sphyraena putnamiae Jordan & Seale, 1905 Suh-Order Scomhroidei Family Trichiuridae G F Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758

ORDER PLEURONECTIFORMES Suh-Order Pleuronectoidei Family Bothidae GR Bothus pantherinus (Riippell, 1830) Family Soleidae G R Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepede, 1802)

ORDER TETRAODONTIFORMES Suh-Order Tetraodontoidei Family Tetraodontidae R Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) G FR Arothron manillensis (de Proce, 1822) G Arothron sp. F Canthigaster sp. Family Diodontidae punctata narius maculatus narius

aigoss rainfordi Parioglossus ao e a. 99 Klik e a. 94.Mnrvs per o e naie by inhabited be to appear Mangroves 1994). al. et Kulbicki 1989, al. et vaton

rv fs fua esss it ee ta 20 pce. xetos r toe of those are Exceptions species. 200 than fewer list censuses fauna fish grove alc (95 ih 3 pce olce i ot Arc drn a er survey year 5 a during Africa South in collected species 232 with (1975) Wallace

ueos ih pce, ih 49 f e Cldna osa fs seis being species fish coastal Caledonia New of 14.9% with species, fish numerous eodd hr. o u kolde tepeet td i n ftems exhaustive most the of one is study present the knowledge, our To there. recorded netre o agoe ihsudrae i h Id-aii rgo. ot man­ Most region. Inda-Pacific the in undertaken fishes mangrove of inventories hrceie h fs fua rm agoe o te ot-et aon f New of Lagoon South-West the of mangroves from fauna fish the characterize

sn gl es Clet (93 wt 24seisrcre b rtnn poisonings rotenone by recorded species 204 with (1983) Collette nets, gill using n ot Asrla Iin aa n Ppa e Gie, n Rbrsn Duke & Robertson and Guinea, New Papua and Jaya Irian Australia, north in

nQenln (Australia) Queensland in nte mly sur (ot Qenln, Australia). Queensland, (north estuary Embley the in

of the remaining families have a low diversity, 22 families being represented by a by represented being families 22 diversity, low a have families remaining the of

Caledonia. These fishes are almost absent from soft bottoms and coral reefs (Thol­ reefs coral and bottoms soft from absent almost fishes are These Caledonia. o 19b 19c.Uiutu seis uh as such species Ubiquitous 1992c). 1992b, lot

18) ih 0 pce olce wt bah ens n gl es vr 13 months over nets gill and seines beach with collected species 203 with (1987),

(David 1985) and Australia (Blaber et al. et (Blaber Australia 1985) and (David

igeseis surn fishes, Estuarine species. single

the tide have been widely observed, for instance in Fiji (Lal et al. et (Lal Fiji in instance for observed, widely been have tide the

ohgs argus tophagus

R G

ttl f22seis dsrbtd mn 6 aiis ee recorded. were families 64 among distributed species, 262 of total A

ih fmle cnan 1 pce Tbe ) mr ta 4% f oa. Most total. of 42% than more 2), (Table species 110 contain families Eight

Gobiidae* Apogonidae Serranidae Carangidae*

Family

Muraenidae Lethrinidae Clupeidae

n terltv motne fGbia ad aagde ean approximate. remain Carangidae and Gobiidae of importance relative the and

Mugilidae

some specimes are still unidentified, the number of genera, the number of speciesof number the of genera, number the specimes some unidentified,still are *

idn histrix Diodon

ylcty spilostylus Cyclichthys

As

al 2 Nme o eea nme o pce n pretg o oa species total of percentage and species of number genera, of Number 2. Table

n ot otm. ef n sf bto seisetrn mnrvs with mangroves entering species bottom soft and Reef bottoms. soft on

richness of major families of the mangrove fish fauna from the South-West the from fauna fish mangrove the of families major of richness

r as peet njtis and jetties on present also are

Dsadn 1984), (Desjardin,

ines 1758 Linnaeus,

culc, 91ae e rcrs o Nw aeoi (Ri­ Caledonia New for records new are 1921 McCulloch,

.

Blaber et al. ( 1990) censused 197 species using gill nets gill 197 using species ( al. 1990) et censused Blaber

Lagoon of New Caledonia. New of Lagoon

(Leis

Thollot: Mangrove Fishes Mangrove Thollot:

Khulia

Genera Species species richness species Species Genera

Discussion

&

irgahs andersonii Micrognathus

18

4

6 2

2

5

5 3

rupestris,

adl, 1982) Randall,

I

8) hs seisae eeal large generally are species These 985).

cnhpgu berda Acanthopagrus

ooatls argenteus Monodactylus

Chandidae

31

17 13 11 10 10

9 9

Percentage of total of Percentage

and

(Bleeker, 1858) and 1858) (Bleeker,

Parioglossus

11.8

4.2

6.5 5.0

3.8 3.8 3.4 3.4

I

984), Vanuatu 984),

and

and

Drepane

Anten­

spp.,

Sca­

15

_

... Menou,

Jeyaseelan

and in iden­

&

the anonymous

Kolue,

Micropterus sal- Micropterus

and

Dingerkus 1992). The

0. Dawa)

&

N.

and

Noumea)

Seret

Alis

and the black bass:

1992,

.

0.

Hoffschir, Hunabelik,

,

spp

N.

Cyrus 1981, Krishnamurthy

Seret

&

References Cited References

Micronesica 29(1), 1996

Acknowledgements

Center during a Ph.D. granted by French author­

Bargibant

Oreochromis

1992b, 1992c,

(MM.

Research

1992a,

Wantiez and the crews of

Noumea

Seret

A recent survey, using chemical and electric fishing devices, has censused

&

Very few freshwater species were recorded during this survey (Anguillidae,

This work has been undertaken with the scientific and technical assistance of cifique Sud. SPREP/Etude Thematique, 5, pp. 11

1981, Hutomo & Djamali Collette 1984, 1983, Bell et al. 1984, Pinto Little 1987,

16

Springer (1982) or Blaber & Milton (1990) for further discussion.

Blaber 1980, Gomez 1980, Blaber Kuhliidae, some Blenniidae, Eleotrididae and Gobiidae). The New Caledonia freshwater biota is poorly known and needs further study. Pollabauer (1992) de­ tailed 33 species of fish distributed among three main components: endemic spe­ been reported and related to the lack of humic substances for the alteration of nor other coastal habitats. These circumglobal continental shelf families are ab­ species (including tilapias: sent from the Central Pacific (Springer This 1982). probably is due to the absence approximately 50 species, some of them being new records or undescribed (Din­ of shallow-water connections and oceanic currents preventing larval dispersal from the West (Australia, SE Asia and the lndo-Malayan Archipelago), see

on) are similar for most lndo-Pacific mangroves (Chua Liem 1973, Haines & 1977, that freshwater fishes were not able to colonize the island. Furthermore, normally low river flows are subject to sharp increases during cyclonic events with 24 to 48 hours flow greater than the average annual flow. Unusual patterns of dissolved nutrients and noticeably low values for calcium, potassium and phosphorus have Ariidae and Sciaenidae, are not present in New Caledonia, neither in mangroves marinecies, entering species rivers (the most speciose component), and introduced Mou-Tham, tification at the laboratory (MM. Kulbicki and Rivaton) are warmly thanked. 1110ides). ultrabasic rocks (Weninger 1968). Thus, the chemical composition of the fresh­ MM. Kulbicki and Richer de Forges (ORSTOM water and its consequence on the physiology of the organisms may have induced reviewer are also acknowledged for their help in editing this article. predators foraging for food, small to large invertebrates and small resident or gerkus low species richness and high levels of endemism (Pollabauer 1992). paucity of New Caledonia freshwater fish fauna remains unexplained. As New Baines, G. B. K. 1981. Les ressources des mangroves et leur gestion dans le Pa­ Apogonidae, Carangidae, Serranidae, Lethrinidae, Clupeidae, Mugilidae, and so Caledonia broke away from Australia 80 to m.y. 60 ago (Keast possible it is 1981), ORSTOM ities. All the people who helped in making this study possible and those who gave et al. 1988, Blaber & Milton 1990, Blaber et al. 1990). Some families, such as assistance in the field

juvenile fish (Thollot 1992a). As a consequence, important families (Gobiidae,

Eschmeyer, Eschmeyer,

Fischer, Fischer,

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These These

Thollot: Mangrove Fishes Fishes Mangrove Thollot:

des peuplements. Relations avec !es !es avec communautes Relations peuplements. des

+ +

rationnelle

7 tab. and 18 18 fig. and tab. 7

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!'University d' Aix-Marseille II (France), (France), II d' Aix-Marseille !'University

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170. 170.

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scientifique. Manuscript Manuscript scientifique.

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