DOCSLIB.ORG

Egypt & Alifa Rifaat

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Egypt & Alifa Rifaat EGYPT & ALIFA RIFAAT By Bruce Gordon GEOGRAPHY • Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula. • Desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters. • Periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms. POPULATION • 88,487,396 (July 2015 est.) • Egyptian 99.6% • Other 0.4% • (2006 census) • -0.19 migrant(s) / 1,000 population (2015 est.) • Extremely low migration rate. RELIGION • 90% Muslim (predominantly Sunni) • 10% Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) • (2012 est.) Al-Azhar Mosque CULTURE FOOD • Koshari – Some consider this - a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni - to be the national dish. • Egyptian cuisine makes heavy use of legumes, vegetables and fruits since Egypt's rich Nile valley and delta produce large quantities of these crops in high quality. ART • Ancient Egyptian Art reached a high level in painting and sculpture, and was both highly stylized and symbolic. HISTORY Early Modern • Ottoman Egypt 1517–1867 • French occupation 1798–1801 • Egypt under Muhammad Ali 1805–1882 • Khedivate of Egypt 1867–1914 Modern Egypt • British occupation 1882–1922 • Sultanate of Egypt 1914–1922 • Kingdom of Egypt 1922–1953 • Republic 1953–present LITERATURE • In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Arab world experienced al-Nahda, a Renaissance-esque movement which touched nearly all areas of life, including literature. • In 1914 Muhammad Husayn Haykal wrote Zaynab, considered the first modern Egyptian as well as Islamic novel. • In 1984 Alifa Rifaat (Fatimah Rifaat) received the Excellency Award from the Modern Literature Assembly. • One of the most important figures from this time was Naguib Mahfouz, the first Egyptian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1988. RAP SHEET • Artist Name: Alifa Rifaat (Fatimah Rifaat) • DOB: 5 June, 1930 (Died: January, 1996) • Country/Place of Birth: Cairo, Egypt • Religion: Muslim • Education: Misr al-Jadidah Primary school, The Cultural Center for Women for her intermediate education, British Institute in Cairo from 1946 to 1949 to study English. • Relevant Literary or Philosophical movement: Feminism centered around her Islamic belief system. Post-colonialism. • Genre: Short stories • Main Themes: Centers upon the silent plight of women in a patriarchal Muslim society as well as: sex, death, marriage, masturbation, female genital mutilation, love, teenage pregnancy, widowhood, and loss along with other controversial topics. • Style: Filled with imagery and female protagonists, her writing focused more on romance in the beginning of her career, though she later shifted to social critique. • Examples: Excerpt from Another Evening at the Club “”And the beautiful little girl’s still at secondary school?” She lowered her head modestly and her father had answered: “As from today she’ll be staying at home in readiness for your happy life together, Allah permitting,” and at a glance from her father she had hurried off to join her mother in the kitchen.” • Other: Although Alifa Rifaat strove to express through writing the sexual repression of women, her stories and her life were conducted in an orthodox Muslim manner and she did not advocate the rise of women against patriarchy. SOURCES • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_modern_Egypt • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifa_Rifaat .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Timeline .Pdf
    Timeline of Egyptian History 1 Ancient Egypt (Languages: Egyptian written in hieroglyphics and Hieratic script) Timeline of Egyptian History 2 Early Dynastic Period 3100–2686 BCE • 1st & 2nd Dynasty • Narmer aka Menes unites Upper & Lower Egypt • Hieroglyphic script developed Left: Narmer wearing the crown of Lower Egypt, the “Deshret”, or Red Crown Center: the Deshret in hieroglyphics; Right: The Red Crown of Lower Egypt Narmer wearing the crown of Upper Egypt, the “Hedjet”, or White Crown Center: the Hedjet in hieroglyphics; Right: The White Crown of Upper Egypt Pharaoh Djet was the first to wear the combined crown of Upper and Lower Egypt, the “Pschent” (pronounced Pskent). Timeline of Egyptian History 3 Old Kingdom 2686–2181 BCE • 3rd – 6th Dynasty • First “Step Pyramid” (mastaba) built at Saqqara for Pharaoh Djoser (aka Zoser) Left: King Djoser (Zoser), Righr: Step pyramid at Saqqara • Giza Pyramids (Khufu’s pyramid – largest for Pharaoh Khufu aka Cheops, Khafra’s pyramid, Menkaura’s pyramid – smallest) Giza necropolis from the ground and the air. Giza is in Lower Egypt, mn the outskirts of present-day Cairo (the modern capital of Egypt.) • The Great Sphinx built (body of a lion, head of a human) Timeline of Egyptian History 4 1st Intermediate Period 2181–2055 BCE • 7th – 11th Dynasty • Period of instability with various kings • Upper & Lower Egypt have different rulers Middle Kingdom 2055–1650 BCE • 12th – 14th Dynasty • Temple of Karnak commences contruction • Egyptians control Nubia 2nd Intermediate Period 1650–1550 BCE • 15th – 17th Dynasty • The Hyksos come from the Levant to occupy and rule Lower Egypt • Hyksos bring new technology such as the chariot to Egypt New Kingdom 1550–1069 BCE (Late Egyptian language) • 18th – 20th Dynasty • Pharaoh Ahmose overthrows the Hyksos, drives them out of Egypt, and reunites Upper & Lower Egypt • Pharaoh Hatshepsut, a female, declares herself pharaoh, increases trade routes, and builds many statues and monuments.
    [Show full text]
  • St.Litter.-2 Lam.(4)-2018.Indd
    Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 13 (2018), z. 4, s. 257–269 doi:10.4467/20843933ST.18.022.9475 www.ejournals.eu/Studia-Litteraria ROSWITHA BADRY Uniwersytet Alberta i Ludwika we Fryburgu e-mail: [email protected] Socially Marginalised Women in Selected Narratives of Egyptian Female Writers Abstract Since the 1970s women authors in Egypt have produced a number of narratives that centre on the plight and fate of socially marginalised women. In this context marginalisation is not only understood in the sense of socio-economically disadvantaged women of the lower strata but also refers to non-conformist women, whose behaviour is considered to be deviant from the norm, abnormal or even mad by mainstream society. As a result, they feel alienated from society, and choose diverse ways (passive, active, or subversive) of coping with their fate. This contribution will take selected novels and short stories written by Alifa Rifaat (1930–96), Nawal El Saadawi (b. 1931), and Salwa Bakr (b. 1949) as examples in order to demonstrate the shift in emphasis and perspective on the topic. This will be done against the individual biographical background and writing career of the three authors. Although all au- thors are committed to women’s issues and gender equality, not all of them can be described as feminist writer-activists. Keywords: Egyptian women writers, Alifa Rifaat, Nawal El Saadawi, Salwa Bakr, social mar- ginalisation, alienation, literary perspectives Introduction: Social Marginalisation as a Major Topic of Egyptian Women Authors Since the 1970s women authors in Egypt have produced a number of narratives that centre on the plight and fate of socially marginalised women.
    [Show full text]
  • Land, Property Rights and Institutional Durability in Medieval Egypt
    Land, Property Rights and Institutional Durability in Medieval Egypt Lisa Blaydes - Stanford University LSE-Stanford-Universidad de los Andes Conference on Long-Run Development in Latin America, London School of Economics and Political Science, 16-17 May 2018 Land, Property Rights and Institutional Durability in Medieval Egypt Lisa Blaydes∗ Associate Professor Department of Political Science Stanford University April 2018 Abstract Historical institutionalists have long been concerned with the conditions under which political institutions provoke their own processes of internal change. Using data on changing landholding patterns during the Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517 CE), I demon- strate that land shifted from temporary and revocable land grants offered in exchange for service to Islamic religious endowments and hybridized land types, representing a transformation away from state authority over agricultural resources to more priva- tized forms of property control. Predation on collective state resources by individual mamluks | state actors themselves | was a negative externality associated with the foundational principle of the impermissibility of transferring mamluk status to one's sons. My characterization of mamluk political institutions provides an empirical il- lustration of a self-undermining equilibrium with implications for understanding how Middle Eastern political institutions differed from those in other world regions, partic- ularly medieval Europe. ∗Many thanks to Connor Kennedy, Shivonne Logan, Vivan Malkani and Kyle Van Rensselaer for out- standing research assistance. Scott Abramson, Gary Cox, David Laitin, Hans Lueders and Yuki Takagi provided helpful comments and assistance. 1 What explains institutional durability? An influential literature suggests that institu- tional equilibria can be indirectly strengthened or weakened by processes dynamically intro- duced by the institutions themselves (Greif and Laitin 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Genealogies of Feminism: Leftist Feminist Subjectivity in the Wake of the Islamic Revival in Contemporary Morocco
    Genealogies of Feminism: Leftist Feminist Subjectivity in the Wake of the Islamic Revival in Contemporary Morocco Nadia Guessous Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 ©2011 Nadia Guessous All rights reserved ABSTRACT Genealogies of Feminism: Leftist Feminist Subjectivity in the Wake of the Islamic Revival in Contemporary Morocco Nadia Guessous This dissertation is an ethnographic and genealogical study of leftist feminist subjectivity in the wake of the Islamic Revival in contemporary Morocco. It draws on two years (2004-2006) of field research amongst founding members of the Moroccan feminist movement whose activism emerged out of their immersion in and subsequent disenchantment with leftist and Marxist politics in the early 1980s. Based on ethnographic observations and detailed life histories, it explores how Moroccan feminists of this generation came to be constituted as particular kinds of modern leftist subjects who: 1) discursively construct “tradition” as a problem, even while positively invoking it and drawing on its internal resources; 2) posit themselves as “guardians of modernity” despite struggling with modernity’s constitutive contradictions; and 3) are unable to parochialize their own normative assumptions about progress, modernity, freedom, the body, and religion in their encounter with a new generation of women who wear the hijab. How and why a strong commitment to ideas associated with modernity, with women’s rights and with the left is seen as necessitating a condemnation and disavowal of “traditional” and of non-secular ways of being is one of the main themes animating this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Coding Units
    INSTITUTE Country Coding Units v11.1 - March 2021 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v11.1” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Funders: We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this ven- ture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/ funders/ For questions: [email protected] 1 Contents Suggested citation: . .1 1 Notes 7 1.1 ”Country” . .7 2 Africa 9 2.1 Central Africa . .9 2.1.1 Cameroon (108) . .9 2.1.2 Central African Republic (71) . .9 2.1.3 Chad (109) . .9 2.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . .9 2.1.5 Equatorial Guinea (160) . .9 2.1.6 Gabon (116) . .9 2.1.7 Republic of the Congo (112) . 10 2.1.8 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 10 2.2 East/Horn of Africa . 10 2.2.1 Burundi (69) . 10 2.2.2 Comoros (153) . 10 2.2.3 Djibouti (113) . 10 2.2.4 Eritrea (115) . 10 2.2.5 Ethiopia (38) . 10 2.2.6 Kenya (40) . 11 2.2.7 Malawi (87) . 11 2.2.8 Mauritius (180) . 11 2.2.9 Rwanda (129) . 11 2.2.10 Seychelles (199) . 11 2.2.11 Somalia (130) . 11 2.2.12 Somaliland (139) . 11 2.2.13 South Sudan (32) . 11 2.2.14 Sudan (33) .
    [Show full text]
  • AP World History Summer Assignment 2021-2022
    AP World History Summer Assignment 2021-2022 Welcome to AP World History! You have chosen to take a college-level course that provides a survey of global history to the present. This course will be rigorous, but highly rewarding if you put in the appropriate amount of work. Over the summer, you will be completing assignments that will make it possible for us to cover all of our material prior to the AP exam in May so it is very important that you complete these tasks. Summer assignments (Parts 1-3) will be due on the first day of class in August and be taken for a grade. If you have any questions over the summer, please email me at [email protected]. Note: You will be required to purchase a copy of AMSCO Advanced Placement World History: Modern prior to the start of school. We will be reading and completing work out of this book all year so it is very important that you have your own copy. The cost of this book is around $20 and can be purchased at the following link: https://www.perfectionlearning.com/social-studies/advanced-placement/world-history-ap-exam.html Part 1: Geography This course is a basic overview of the most significant regions/empires in the world. As such, we jump around from region to region quite often. It will be important that you are able to locate the major regions and empires on a world map throughout the course. Take a look at the map of the AP regions and familiarize yourself with it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Social Agents in the Translation Into English of the Novels of Naguib Mahfouz
    Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions. If you have discovered material in AURA which is unlawful e.g. breaches copyright, (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please read our Takedown Policy and contact the service immediately The Role of Social Agents in the Translation into English of the Novels of Naguib Mahfouz Vol. 1/2 Linda Ahed Alkhawaja Doctor of Philosophy ASTON UNIVERSITY April, 2014 ©Linda Ahed Alkhawaja, 2014 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. Thesis Summary Aston University The Role of Social Agents in the Translation into English of the Novels of Naguib Mahfouz Linda Ahed Alkhawaja Doctor of Philosophy (by Research) April, 2014 This research investigates the field of translation in an Egyptain context around the work of the Egyptian writer and Nobel Laureate Naguib Mahfouz by adopting Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological framework. Bourdieu’s framework is used to examine the relationship between the field of cultural production and its social agents. The thesis includes investigation in two areas: first, the role of social agents in structuring and restructuring the field of translation, taking Mahfouz’s works as a case study; their role in the production and reception of translations and their practices in the field; and second, the way the field, with its political and socio-cultural factors, has influenced translators’ behaviour and structured their practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Annales Islamologiques
    MINISTÈRE DE L'ÉDUCATION NATIONALE, DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE ANNALES ISLAMOLOGIQUES en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne AnIsl 41 (2007), p. 97-118 Anne F. Broadbridge Diplomatic Conventions in the Mamluk Sultanate Conditions d’utilisation L’utilisation du contenu de ce site est limitée à un usage personnel et non commercial. Toute autre utilisation du site et de son contenu est soumise à une autorisation préalable de l’éditeur (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). Le copyright est conservé par l’éditeur (Ifao). Conditions of Use You may use content in this website only for your personal, noncommercial use. Any further use of this website and its content is forbidden, unless you have obtained prior permission from the publisher (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). The copyright is retained by the publisher (Ifao). Dernières publications 9782724708288 BIFAO 121 9782724708424 Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l'étranger (BAEFE) 9782724707878 Questionner le sphinx Philippe Collombert (éd.), Laurent Coulon (éd.), Ivan Guermeur (éd.), Christophe Thiers (éd.) 9782724708295 Bulletin de liaison de la céramique égyptienne 30 Sylvie Marchand (éd.) 9782724708356 Dendara. La Porte d'Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724707953 Dendara. La Porte d’Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724708394 Dendara. La Porte d'Hathor Sylvie Cauville 9782724708011 MIDEO 36 Emmanuel Pisani (éd.), Dennis Halft (éd.) © Institut français d’archéologie orientale - Le Caire Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 Anne F. BroAdBridge Diplomatic Conventions in the Mamluk Sultanate iplomatic conventions are generally understood to mean the protocol and etiquette that govern encounters between the representatives of different states, such as when Dambassadors go to a foreign court to meet with its ruler on behalf of their own.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction The City of a Thousand Minarets began as a source document I wrote for a video game company that was dabbling with the idea of a MMORPG set in a 1930s Pulp setting. The first environment they were going to roll out was their Pulp Cairo setting. So I set about collecting as much "stranger than fiction" details about the city, trying to demonstrate that historical Cairo was more exotic and beautiful than any Arabian Nights fantasy. Part of the project was to include a good deal of information about how Cairo has been portrayed in media so that level designers could weave their way between the expected Cairo of "orientalist" fantasy, and the surprising Cairo of real history. And of course, at the time I was already a huge Hollow Earth Expedition fan. Ever since Raiders of the Lost Ark came out, I had been looking for a role-playing game to recreate the heroic action of the Pulp Genre and always being disappointed. It wasn't until I read the Ubiquity System that I found the mechanics I'd always been looking for. Streamlined. Fast. Fun. The perfect system for punching Nazis off of zeppelins into dinosaurs! That was over a decade ago. The computer game company moved on to other projects and my document sat gathering dust until I picked up Black Campbell Entertainment's The Queen of the Orient and The Sublime Port. Then I realized that I had something to offer my fellow fans of Hollow Earth Expedition. I hope you all fall in love with Cairo as much as I have.
    [Show full text]
  • "EWJ AFRICA" ERICA" HI CURRICU UM GUIDE Grades 9 T
    THE "EWJ AFRICA" ERICA" HI CURRICU UM GUIDE Grades 9 t Larry fl. Greene Lenworth Gunther Trenton new Jersey Historical Commission. Department of State CONTENTS Foreword 5 About the Authors 7 Preface 9 How to Use This Guide 11 Acknowledgments 13 Unit 1 African Beginnings 15 Unit 2 Africa, Europe, and the Rise of Afro-America, 1441-1619 31 Unit 3 African American Slavery in the Colonial Era, 1619-1775 50 Unit 4 Blacks in the Revolutionary Era, 1776-1789 61 Unit 5 Slavery and Abolition in Post-Revolutionary and Antebellum America, 1790-1860 72 Unit 6 African Americans and the Civil War, 1861-1865 88 Unit 7 The Reconstruction Era, 1865-1877 97 Unit 8 The Rise ofJim Crow and The Nadir, 1878-1915 106 Unit 9 World War I and the Great Migration, 1915-1920 121 Unit 10 The Decade of the Twenties: From the Great Migration to the Great Depression 132 Unit 11 The 1930s: The Great Depression 142 Unit 12 World War II: The Struggle for Democracy at Home and Abroad, 1940-1945 151 Unit 13 The Immediate Postwar Years, 1945-1953 163 Unit 14 The Civil Rights and Black Power Era: Gains and Losses, 1954-1970 173 Unit 15 Beyond Civil Rights, 1970-1994 186 3 DEDICATED TO Vallie and Rolph Greene and Freddy FOREWORD Because the New Jersey African American History along with the decade's considerable social agitation Curriculum Guide: Grades 9 to 12 is a unique educa­ and the consciousness-raising experiences that it en­ tional resource, most persons interested in teaching gendered, encouraged other groups to decry their African American history to New Jersey high school marginal place in American history and to clamor, students will welcome its appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramzi Salti, Ph.D
    Ramzi Salti, Ph.D. Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-2015 Lecturer, Arabic Language and Literature Office: (650) 725-1560 Arabic Language Program Fax: (650) 725-9377 Stanford Language Center [email protected] Division of Literatures, Cultures and Languages www.author32.blogspot.com Building 240-212 ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE & SERVICE: Full Time Lecturer, Arabic Language Program (1997-present): Stanford Language Center, Division of Literatures, Cultures and Languages, Stanford University, Stanford, California Taught courses over the past 16 years in Beginning, Intermediate, and Advanced Arabic; created/taught new courses in Arabic including “Readings in Arabic Literature” and “Advanced Conversational Arabic.” Organized/ Hosted/Participated in dozens of academic events at Stanford University including The Arab Film Festival (Oct 2013); “Ya'ani: Week of Music, Culture, and Languages of the Middle East (May 2013); 'Tradition and Modernity: Globalization of Hip Hop' Event/Concert featuring Omar Offendum & DAM; “Emerging Voices in Arab American Literature” series (February 2000-9); “Minorities in the Arab World” (MSAN sponsored event 2009); “Islam and Hip Hop Culture” (co- presenter with Stanford Professor H. Samy Alim, 2011-12). Host of a weekly radio show titled ‘Arabology’ which airs on KZSU 90.1 FM (Stanford University) and features interviews with Middle Eastern scholars while spotlighting music and various cultural productions from the Arab world. See www.author32.blogspot.com and www.facebook.com/arabology. Guest speaker at MSAN’s Professor Lunch Series (by invitation). Active participant in workshops and that center on using technology to supplement classroom learning including lectures on “Using Internet-Based Technology to Enhance Classroom Proficiency” (AME Talk, 2008) and “Using Facebook and Blogger to Improve Student Communication (in Arabic)”.
    [Show full text]
  • AUCTION 377 Wednesday–Thursday 10–11 June 2020 Onsdag–Torsdag 10–11 Juni 2020 Svartensgatan 6, Stockholm
    AUCTION 377 Wednesday–Thursday 10–11 June 2020 Onsdag–torsdag 10–11 juni 2020 Svartensgatan 6, Stockholm 13 26 37 51 68 ex 4231 ex 4239 5002 5829 5260 6173 6306 AB PHILEA Svartensgatan 6, 116 20 Stockholm, Sweden Tel. 08-640 09 78 E-mail: [email protected] www.philea.se Viewing / Visning: Svartensgatan 6, Stockholm, tel. 08-640 09 78 All lots are avaliable for viewing Friday June 5th 10am–5pm, Monday June 8th–Tuesday June 9th 10am–5pm and Wednesday June 10th 10am–3pm. Lots 5001–6894 can also be viewed June 11 10am–3pm. Due to the corona situation, viewing is by appointment only (by phone or email to [email protected]). See also information on page 5. Alla objekt visas fredag 5 juni 10–17, måndag 8–tisdag 9 juni 10–17 och onsdag 10 juni 10–15. Lots 5001–6894 visas även 11 juni 10–15. P.g.a. coronasituationen måste visning tidsbokas i förväg på telefon eller per mail [email protected]. Se också information på sid 5. NB! Deadlines for bidding for safe handling: Lots 1–4385 Wednesday June 10th at 8am, lots 5001–6894 Thursday June 11th at 8am. Sista anbudsdag för säker hantering för lots 1–4385 är onsdag 10 juni kl. 8 och för lots 5001–6894 torsdag 11 juni kl 8. AUCTION SCHEDULE / AUKTIONSPROGRAM For attendance in the auction room you need to book a seat beforehand / Boka plats innan du besöker auktionssalen WEDNESDAY 10 JUNE / ONSDAG 10 JUNI Not earlier than Lot No. 16:00 4 pm 1–135 Selected Sweden / Utvalda svenska singelobjekt 16:30 4:30 pm 1001–1920 Sweden / Sverige 18:30 6:30 pm 4001–4385 Esbjörn Janson Collection / Samling Esbjörn Janson THURSDAY 11 JUNE / TORSDAG 11 JUNI Not earlier than Lot No.
    [Show full text]