July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25591

By Mr. VANIK: from gross income for social agency, legal, By Mr. CRONIN: H.R. 16152. A bill to amenr. title 28 of the and related expenses incurred in connection H. Res. 1275. Resolution calling for a do­ United States Code to permit the cumula­ with the adoption of a child by the tax­ mestic summit to develop a unified .plan tion of amounts in controversy as between payer; to the Committee on Ways and Means. of action to l'estore. stability and prosperity members of a class for the purposes of United By Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland (for to the American economy; to the Committee States district court jurisdiction in class himself, Mr. BADILLO, Mr. TIERNAN, on Banking and Currency. actions; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. KEMP, Mr. HAWKINS, Mr. DEL• By Mr. GUDE (for himself, Mr. FRASER, H.R. 16153. A bill to amend title 28 of the LUMS, Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. LoNG of Mr. BADILLO, Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. WAL­ United States Code to increase the availa­ Maryland, Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. STARK, DIE, Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. BOLAND, Mr. bility of the class action mechanism in Fed• Mr. YOUNG Of Georgia, Mr. CONYERS, CORMAN, Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mr. MOAK­ eral cases by permitting the creation of man­ Mr. FAUNTROY, Mr. RANGEL, Mrs. COL• LEY, Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. FAUNTROY, Mr. ageable subclasses; to the Committee on the LINS of Illinois, Ms. ABZUG, and Mr. WON PAT, Mr. ANDERSON OF Illinois, Judiciary. STOKES); Mrs. CoLLINS of Illinois, and Mr. By Mr. WOLFF: H.R. 16160. A bill to limit the use of prison RIEGLE): H.R. 16154. A bill to amend the Noise Con­ inmates in medical research; to the Commit­ H. Res. 1276. Resolution expressing the trol Act of 1972 and the Federal Aviation tee on the Judiciary. sense of the House that the U.S. Government Act of 1958 to provide that the Administra­ By Mr. PRICE of Texas: should seek agreement with other members tor of the Environmental Protection Agen­ H.R. 16161. A bill to provide tax incentives of the United Nations on prohibition of cy shall prescribe standards for the control to encourage physicians, dentists, and op­ weather modification activity as a weapon of and abatement of aircraft noise and sonic tometrists to practice in physician shortage war; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. boom; to the Committee on Interstate and areas; to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. HALEY: Foreign Commerce. By Mr. CLEVELAND: H. Res. 1277. Resolution calling for a do­ By Mr. ARMSTRONG (for himself and H.J. Res. 1100. Joint resolution proposing mestic summit to develop a unified plan of Mr. MONTGOMERY) : an amendment to the Constitution of the action to restore stability and prosperity to H.R. 16155. A bill to amend section 615 u:rlited States relating to the ratification of the American economy; to the Committee on (a) of title 10, United States Code, relating treaties: to the Committee on the Judiciary. Banking and Currency. to required service of members of the Armed By Mr. CRONIN (for himself, Mr. BA· By Mr. SHOUP: Forces; to the Committee on Armed Services. FALIS, Mr. YATRON, Mr. GILMAN, and H. Res. 1278. Resolution to create a Select By Mr. CONTE (for himself, Mr. Mr. KYROS); Committee on Aging; to the Committee on BOLAND, Ms. ABZUG, Mr. HARRINGTON, H.J. Res 1101. Joint resolution congratu­ Rules. and Ml . COLLINS of I111nois): lating the Greek democracy on its efforts to H.R. 16156. A bill to obtain adequate in­ achieve domestic peace and unity; to the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS formation essential to the decisions of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Congress; to the Joint Committee on Atomic By Mr. ANDERSON of California: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, Energy. H. Res. 1273. Resolution in support of con­ Mr. CONTE introduced a bill (H.R. By Mr. GILMAN: tinued undiluted U.S. sovereignty and juris­ 16162) for the relief of Smith College, North­ H.R. 16157. A bill to amend the Internal diction over the U.S.-owned Canal Zone on hampton, Mass., which was referred to the Revenue Code of 1954 to exclude from gross the Isthmus of Panama; to the Committee Committee on Ways and Means. income the interest on deposits in certain on Foreign Affairs. savings institutions; to the Committee on By Mr. ANDERSON of Tilinois (for Ways and Means. himself and Mr. STEIGER of Wiscon­ PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. LUKEN: sin): H.R. 16158. A bill to amend section 5051 H. Res. 1274. Resolution providing for radio Under clause 1 of rule XXII, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relat­ and television broadcast coverage of proceed­ 464. The SPEAKER presented a petition ing to the Federal excise tax on beer) ; to the ings in the Chamber of the House of Rep­ of the Western Conference of the Council on Committee on Ways and Means. resentatives on any resolution to impeach State Governments, Salem, Oreg., relative to H.R. 16159. A bill to amend the Internal the President of the United States during Federal-aid highways, which was referred to Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a deduction the 93d Congress; to the Committee on Rules. the Committee on Public Works.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS JAMES A. FARLEY JAMES A. FARLEY: ELDER STATESMAN them in the Republican Party. As Jim says, (By Joe Murphy) the Irish largely voted as a bloc in the in­ One of the nicer tints brightening the terests of self protection, but they also political spectrum during recent years is the sought the protective coloration of the dom­ HON. HUGH L. CAREY universal admiration and affection exhibited inant party. "In Boston," Jim says, "they toward James A. Farley, a professional who became Democrats because there were Demo­ OF NEW YORK crats in Boston. But in Philadelphia politics IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been to the wars without losing his in­ tegrity or his self respect. Although he was dominated by the Republicans, and in a Monday, July 29, 1974 scrupulously shuns donning the toga of an large measure they became Republicans." Elder Statesman, audiences, especially those CAREER BEGINNINGS Mr. CAREY of New York. Mr. Speaker, of a Democratic Party tinge, seem intent on Jim began his political career by getting last week's issue of the Irish Echo of­ communicating their vast esteem for him at himself elected district committeeman. Then, fered its readers an interesting article every opportunity. He is still much too vigor­ he was elected chairman, secretary and treas­ regarding a special friend of mine­ ous to hold still for the wise man role, but urer of the town committee, all three posi­ James A. Farley. people seem dedicated to placing him in a tions at once, when the other two members James Farley's -life, as many of YOli niche removed froJn the less seemly. facets of of the committee were at odds and couldn't know, has been a most rewarding one public life. · . . . agree, he recalls. "So I started from there and · and certainly one which has brought James Aloysius Farley was born in Grassy -I was elected town clerk and served eight much joy into the lives of those for­ Point, New York, in 1888. Jim recalls that years. Finally, supervisor. Went to the New when he went to visit his, father's peopl~. in . York. State Assembly one year, and now you· tunate enough to call him a friend. He is a. town called Verplanck's Point, only a few know the rest of it." always there with a kind word, a joke, miles away, he couldn't ·understand why all "The rest of it" is one of America;s great and his tremendous insight into people . the Irish tnere were Republicans: He said: success stories: Jim became .head of the New. and problems. "I couldn't ·understand how an Irishman York State Democratic Committee in 1930, · In light of the special qualities of could be a Republican because in the com­ and two years later successfully pushed the James A. Farley, I would like to take munity where I was born and raised all the presidential nomination of Franklin Delano this opportunity to include for the bene­ Catholics were Democrats. As a. matter of Roosevelt. Becoming chairman of the Na­ fact, in Grassy Point we had difficulty find­ tional Committee, Farley managed FD.R.'s fit of my colleagues the article which ing enough Republicans to man the election presidential campaign with equal success and recently appeared in the Irish Echo­ boards." landed up in the cabinet as Postmaster another fine tribute to a man who de­ Jim says he eventually learned that a General. He dropped out to mastermind serves special praise. Peeksk111 politician was helping the Irish get Roosevelt's 1936 campaign after which he The article follows: jobs in the local brickyard and enrolling stepped back into his old cabinet job. By 25592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 1940, Jim had accumulated some presidential As I say, it's one of the nicer things I have for his crusty criticism of President Johnson aspirations of his own, and when Roosevelt seen recently, the spontaneous salute of sd­ and the Vietnam war, which sta.rted with a decided he wanted the job again, Farley mlrat1on and affection showered on James succinct "nay" that recorded his opposition dropped out of the cabinet and shed his A. Farley whenev~r people get the chance to to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution of Aug. 7, party chairmanship. It took 20 years for demonstrate how they feel about him. 1964. Only one other Senator, the late Ernest someone else to bring to reality the dream Groening of Alaska, voted against the meas­ Jim had nurtured: to become the first Irish ure, which President Johnson used as a func­ Cathollc President. tional declaration of war in Southeast Asia. I count myself amongst the many privi­ SENATOR WAYNE MORSE Mr. Morse's intransigent opposition to the leged to be a friend of Jim for quite a. few war was a factor in his defeat in 1968. years. Once, I wrote to him incorrectly ad­ From 1964 until he left office, he voted dressing his middle initial. In reply he re­ against every measure, including appropria­ HON. AL ULLMAN tions, that had the effect of keeping American minded me: "Joseph, my middle initial is not OF OREGON J. but A. I know James J. too, and you prob­ troops in Vietnam. He also carried his cam­ ably do too." Largely by coincidence, this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES paign against the wa.r through the country writer has many times been at affairs where Monday, July 29, 1974 in speeches, and he supported Senator Eu­ the introduction of Jim Farley brought a. gene J. McCarthy when the MinneSO'ta Demo­ heartfelt and spontaneous response. The Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ crat sought the Presidency on an antiwar standing ovation bit is the most overdone tion lost a distinguished public servant platform in 1968. feature of the banquent circuit, a. claque of this week when former Senator Wayne Once aroused, Mr. Morse could be a fiery, about three stands up and the rest of the Morse passed away in Portland, Oreg., though prolix, speaker. His long-windedness room is ashamed not to follow suit. did not sting nearly so much as his epithets; on Monday, July 22. Wayne Morse was but he considered his outspokenness a virtue. SINCERE TRIBUTE in the midst of a vigorous campaign, at­ "It is true that I use language that peo­ But in the case of Big Jim the tribute tempting to regain the Senate seat he ple can understand," he remarked a. couple strikes one as emanating from a. deep desire lost in 1968. His untimely death is a of years ago. "And if I think a course of ac­ to convey the audience's high regard for the great loss to the people of Oregon, the tion is outlawry, I say so. man. Nation, and the U.S. Senate. "If I say that the United States is the There is something heartening about all I wish to insert into the RECORD at greatest threat to world peace, I say so this: A feeling of events coming full circle to simply because it is true. If the truth is in­ honor the man for his many contributions this point, editorials and articles from temperate, then I Will continue to be in­ devoid of the sniping that marred the un­ the New York Times and the Washing­ temperate." happy years. Deep down, I suspect Jim Farley ton Post memorializing his distinguished Mr. Morse was so often in the minority believes he has never been given proper credit career: and so frequently cutting in his remarks that for the role he played in helping enact Pres­ [From the New York Times, July 23, 1974] he was known as "The Lone Ranger" or "The ident Roosevelt's New Deal into law. Not too Tiger of the Senate." These views of him were WAYNE MORSE DIEs: A SENATOR 24 YEARS many years ago, critics dismissed him as a softened yesterday as Senator Mike Mans­ "conservative." This was in the days when (By Alden Whitman) field of Montana, the Democratic leader, one's attitude toward Soviet communism Former Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon, spoke of him as a "man of fierce independ­ determined your classification as a "liberal" a strong early critic of the Vietnam war ence" and Senator Mark 0. Hatfield, Re­ or a "conservative." Those who viewed com­ and a long-time Congressional liberal, died publican of Oregon, said that his "early munism tolerantly and believed the U.S. yesterday of kidney failure in Good Samari­ prophecies and warnings about Vietnam were could accommodate itself to all things Rus­ tan Hospital, Portland, Oreg. He was 73 years such that we all owe him a great debt." sian automatically were designated "liberals." old. Mr. Morse, who was a lean, trim man with Others who, like Jim Farley, looked at Rus­ Mr. Morse had entered the hospital last a clipped mustache, sharp nose and bushy sia with suspicion, were branded "conserva­ Wednesday in the midst of an arduous cam­ black eyebrows, was an extraordinarily hard­ tives." although their support of liberal wel­ paign in which his chances to regain the working Senator. He was accounted knowl­ fare measures had been a long standing com­ Senate seat he lost in 1968 were considered edgeable in labor and education matters, in mitment. good. He had won the Democratic nomina­ conservation and in the farm problem. He The former Postmaster General does some tion in a primary two months ago and was was himself a breeder, raiser and trader of thinking about phoney liberalism. He said: opposing Senator Robert W. Packwood, the Devon cattle and a. horseman who won many "Today we are engaged in a. great struggle be­ Republican incumbent. competitions. tween the forces of freedom and the forces of A Populist in the tradition of George W. Mr. Morse's Populism had its roots in Wis­ totalitarianism. I hesitate to use the term Norris, Robert M. La. Follette and William consin, the home state of the La.Follettes, forces of democracy, just as I hesitate to use Jennings Bryan, Wayne Lyman Morse spoke where he was born, a farmer's son, on Oct. the term liberal because both terms have up for many transiently unpopular causes. 20, 1900. From his father, a livestock man, he been distorted by callous malice so that the He opposed American military involvement learned a fear of debt and of hard times, most brutal of dictators claim to be the in Vietnam; he fought for trade unionism when the cattle had to be fed on cornstalks champions of democracy and the most intol­ and for civil rights. and straw mixed with molasses. His father, erant of our fellowmen claim to be the only As a champion of the common people, he Mr. Morse recalled, strongly counseled him true liberals. Let me, then, say we seek free­ was often raspy and blunt, but he regarded on the evil of becoming beholden to others. dom through a democratic form of govern­ himself as a man who refused to compromise TAUGHT LAW AT COLUMBIA ment. Many Americans have risked their lives his principles or mute his voice. Many of The young man was educated at the Uni­ and given their lives to keep words like free­ his critics, though, saw him as an oppor­ versity of Wisconsin and took law degrees dom and faith from being extinguished in a. tunist and a threat to the Establishment. from both the University of Minnesota and darkening world. And there are others ready At various times in his 24 turbulent years Columbia. He taught briefly at Columbia and to take the risk. in the Senate, Mr. Morse was a Republican, the University of Oregon and then, in 1931, CANONS OF DE CENCY an independent and a Democrat. Neither became dean of the Law School at Oregon. party was wholly pleased with him, nor was Because of his position he was often called I'm not trying to adjust a halo on Big Jim's he ever wholly compatible with a party shiny pate, because he operated according to upon to arbitrate labor disputes on the West label. He was impartially scornful of both Coast, establishing a reputation for settling the rules of political warfare, which can be Democratic and Republican Presidents, up­ pretty r ·. ·.gged at times. What he has proven controversies with dispatch and fairness. braiding them with his rich talent for in­ His record commended him to President 1s that you can survive in this rough game vective. and still abide by the canons of decency, re­ Franklin D. Roosevelt, who named him a pub­ spect for opponents and trust. He managed He described an address to Congress by lic member of the War Labor Board in 1942. to do it, and it's a shame not enough of the President Harry S. Truman as "one of the He left in something of a storm in 1944 as­ new breed have pondered his example. Now cheapest exhibitions of ham acting I have serting that the board was too considerate he has come into the years of full recogni­ ever seen"; he denounced President Dwight of John L. Lewis, then head of the United tion and his story reads very pleasantly over D. Eisenhower as a "hypocrite"; he accused Mine Workers. the long haul. Prestige wise, I would say he President Lyndon B. Johnson of being In that year he was elected to the Senate is ranked only by former Vice President Hum­ "drunk with power." Nor did Mr. Morse spare as a Republican, but no sooner had he taken his fellow Senators, once calling one of his 1945 phrey in the Democratic Party. Sen. Mans­ his seat in than he was jousting with field, Sen. Kennedy, Sen. Jackson and Sen. corpulent colleagues "a tub of rancid ig­ party conservatives. One of his bates-noires Byrd, to mention a few of the later genera­ norance." was Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, who was tion, have years to go before they accumulate CRUSTY CRITICS OF WAR for Mr. Morse "a symbol of reaction and de­ the record of public service, adherence to Mr. Morse entered the Senate in 1945 as featism." Among other things, the Oregom­ ideals and party loyalty built up by Jim for a liberal Republlca.n and left it in 1968 as a an vociferously objected to the Tatt-Hartley more than 40 years. liberal Democrat. His last term was notable bill as hamstringing trade unions. He voted. July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF· R£MARKS · 25593 against the bill, which became law in 1948 Originally a Republican of the Western party was to assist Richard Neuberger in be­ over President Truman's veto. (For most of progressive breed known in an earlier day coming· the first Democrat elected to the his political life Mr. Morse enjoyed strong as the "sons of the wild jackass," Wayne Senate from Oregon in 40 years. But soon, labor support. It dimtnished in 1968, when Morse broke with his party when General he and Neuberger were at war with each Vietnam was a critical issue.) Eisenhower, whom he had warmly supported, other in one of the Senate's most celebrated In the Republican jockeying in 1952, Mr. made peace with the conservative Senator feuds. Morse swung to General Eisenhower in order Robert A. Taft. He sat in the Senate for a He was cut from a mold tha.t seems to fit to block Senator Taft's aspirations for the time as an independent by name as well as few of our contemporary political leaders. nomination. But he chilled toward the gen­ by nature and a few years later won re­ It didn't bother him which way the wind eral when he designated Senator Richard M. election as a Democrat. He did not disparage was blowing. He would more likely go out Nixon of California as his running mate, the party system as such; he just gave prin­ and try to change its direction, unafraid to and in the campaign he spoke for Adlai E. ciple to higher priority than party or, for be the first to take a stand that might not stevenson, the Democratic candidate. that matter, than the views of his constitu­ be popular. He was prepared to disagree with When the Senate convened in January, ents. his party or his President if he thought 1953, Mr. Morse announoed that he had Believing with Edmund Burke that a rep­ either to be wrong. He knew some of his posi­ shucked the Republican party and was now resentative's first loyalty is to his own judg­ tions would cost him votes, but he cared an independent. With a pixie sense of humor ment, he took counsel with himself and had more about what he thought was right. he went into the Senate chamber with a fold­ the courage to act on it. He could be wrong­ Many a man who loses his office at 67 could ing chair and asked where he should sit. He headed at times-but most of the time he be expected to retire to his farm. Wayne was eventually assigned to the Republican seemed magnificently right-especially, in Morse was different. He loved the feel of side of the aisle, but was stripped of his com­ the light of his~ry, when he and another movement and action, combat and discourse, mittee posts. great independent liberal, Senator Ernest and he set a standarci of integrity and inde­ Three years later, after having p.arried Gruening of Alaska, who died only a few pendence that will be difficult to match. the Republicans over the Korean war settle­ weeks ago, stood alone against the Gulf of ment and cold-war brinkmanship, as well as Tonkin resolution. over domestic matters, Mr. Morse became a Right or wrong, Wayne Lyman Morse went Democrat and was handily reelected to the his own way, cavalierly crossing party lines THE BICENTENNIAL Senate in 1956. :ae still, however thrived on to vote his conscience. At his death he was adversaries, including Democrats who failed in the thick of a fight to make a last come­ to measure up to his principles. back to the United States Senate. The Sen­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL And he did not neglect Republicans, nota­ ate lost. bly Clare Booth Luce, whose confirmation as OF NEW YORK Ambassador to Brazil he fought unsuccess­ [From the Washington Post, July 24, 1974] IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fully in 1959. Mr. Morse pronounced her un­ WAYNE LYMAN MORSE Monday, July 29, 1974 fit, and she retorted that her "difficulties go back some years and began when [Mr.] It is characteristic of the career of former Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, in a recent Morse was kicked in the head by a horse." Sen. Wayne Morse of Oregon, who died on editorial, WCBS-TV in New York in­ She was alluding to an episode in 1951 when Monday, that he should have been in the midst of a political battle right up to the telligently addressed the issue of this a horse broke the Senator's jaw with a kick. Nation's 200th anniversary. Entitled Mr. Morse won his contest with Mrs. Luce, end of his life. At the age of 73, he was doing however, for she resigned the Brazil post what he had done through a half century "America's Birthday,'' it ably stated without serving. of public service-he was waging vigorous the management's view of what the In the early nineteen-fifties Mr. Morse combat. His most celebrated target was the Bicentennial celebration should be. It was a strong supporter of civil rights legisla­ war in Southeast Asia and he was the earliest is now submitted for the thoughtful tion, and he continued to espouse liberal and most outspoken opponent of that policy in the Senate, taking pride in the fact that attention of my colleagues: voting and other rights for blacks. ·He also AMERiCA'S BiitTHDAY . supported increases in price-support pay­ he voted against every measure in support ments to farmers and other agricultural leg­ of that war that came before the Senate. On Two years from today America will ob..: islation. Additionally, Federal support for several occasions he was joined in that cru­ serve its 200th birthday. It is the olde~t education had his warm backing. sade by his friend from Alaska, Sen. Ernest democracy in the world and that's some­ Mr. Morse irritated some of his fellow Sen­ H. Gruening, who died just a few weeks ago. "J;hing to celebrate. ators by the length of his speeches. An hour After six terms in the Senate as a Republi­ But what worries us is that the celeb1·ation for him was a mere warm-up-in one session can, an independent and a Democrat, Sen. may become an orgy of merchandising with Morse was defeated in 1968 by a 3,000-vote everything from surfboards to sealing wax his speeches covered 400 pages of The Con­ margin. gressional Record. Once, in 1953, he talked stamped with the word "Bicentennial." This for 22 hours and 26 minutes against an off­ He was in the midst of his second attempt event is too important to be left to the huck­ shore bill that gave title to coastal states. At at a come-back when his kidneys and heart sters and souvenir salesmen. We think the the time his remarks were described as the failed him. Descriptive adjectives such as money changers should be chased out of the longest continuous oration in the Senate's "maverick" and "combatative" were easy to temple and the sacred take precedence over history. apply to Wayne Morse. But the man did not the profane. What we'd like to see are com­ His defeat by Mr. Packwood in 1968 was lend himself that easily to labels. Born on a munities all over the country participating close, the margin being a little more than 3,- farm near :.1:adison, Wis., Mr. Morse attended in the bicentennial with projects that com­ 000 votes. Mr. Morse essayed a comeback in the University of Wisconsin for his under­ memorat~ America's heritage, support its 1971, but Mr. Hatfield was an easy winner. graduate training, received a law degree from arts an,d enhance its future. The newly This year, despite his age, he was said to have the University of Minnesota and went on to formed American Revolution Bicentennial a good chance of returning to the Senate for Columbia University for a doctorate in law. Administration in Washington will be co­ his last hurrah. He made a major study of the grand jury sys­ ordinating these activities and is encour­ Mr. Morse was campaigning until last tem and it attracted the attention of officials aging local groups to come up with Wednesday, when he was stricken with an in­ of the University of Oregon. He was brought projects of special interest to their commu­ there as a professor and soon was made the nities. Thousands of projects are already in fection of the urinary tract. He had re­ dean, bypassing several older men to become sponded to antibiotic therapy until Sunday, the works-projects ranging from restoring when his condition worsened and he slipped the youngest law school dean in the nation a building, to planning a pocket park to run­ at the age of 30. ning an essay contest. If your community has into a coma. His first national attention, typically, came Surviving are his widow, the former Mil­ a project it would like to dedicate to the dred Downie; three daughters, Nancy Camp­ as the result of a fight within the National bicentennial you can contact the American bell, Judith Eaton and Amy Bilich; two War Labor Board, to which he had been ap­ Revolution Bicentennial Administration, 777 brothers, a sister and six grandchildren. pointed by President Roosevelt. Mr. Morse Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017. And resigned from the Board after two years, 1n find out how to get started, where to get the midst of a loud policy disagreement. His help and even funds. [From the New York Times, July 23, 1974] loss to that body can be measured by the THE SENATE'S Loss The Bicentennial is a kind of punctuation fact that he wrote more than half the board's mark. Coming at the end of one of the most Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon was too opinions in the two years ir. which he served. traumatic periods in American history when much the maverick to be a reliable party Although he had been a lifelong Republi­ the ordeals of Vietnam and Watergate will man, too much the gadfly to be a hero of the can, in 1952 he broke with his party and its blessedly be behind us, it will be a perfect Senate Establishment, too much the in­ leader, Dwight Eisenhower, and ran as an opportunity for Americans to take stock, set independent. He lost his committee assign­ dependent to be predictable even in his goals and move ahead-not disillusioned be~ proved liberalism. He was a superb publio ments and languished in a no-man's land cause the system is imperfect but encour­ servant-not in spite of those attributes but until he finally became a Democrat. One of aged because the system has survived and because of them. his first contributions to his new-found served them as well as it has. 25594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 The bicentennla.l then should not be a the outside. The one exception to this re­ FINANCIAL STATEMENT ISSUED birthday party but a rebirth. quirement relates to recruitment of Span­ Presented by Sue Cott, Editorial Associate, ish-speaking, Oriental and Indian Americans July 4, 1974 at 6:55P.M. as indicated below under paragraph b. HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE b. Goals for filling vacant positions either OF NEW JERSEY by promotion from within or by outside re­ cruitment: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1. G&-12: At least 33 percent must go to Monday, July 29, 1974 NO ROOM LEFT FOR INDIVIDUAL blacks. MERIT? GS-13: At least 67 percent must go to Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, today women and minorities. At least one-third of I am issuing a report of my personal fi­ this percentage must go to minorities. nances to my constituents and I want to HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK G&-14: At least 50 percent must go to share it-as well as the reasons for my women and minorities. At least one-third of action-with my colleagues. oP omo this percentage must go to minorities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES G&-15: At least 50 percent must go to Today, we find ourselves serving the people in a great period of distrust, of Monday, July 29, 1974 women and minorities. At least one-third of this percentage must go to minorities. skepticism of the motives and acts of Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I have 2. In the hiring of blacks in grades GS-5 public officials. just come across an affirmative action to G&-12, preference should be given to hir­ This concerns me greatly, as I believe plan prepared by the Bureau of Post­ ing black men. our Nation can only be strong if those of secondary Education in the Office of 3. In grades Gs-5 to G&-15, we should re­ us in public service have the faith and cruit 10 Spanish-speaking, 3 Oriental and Education. The recommendations con­ 3 Indian Americans. trust of American citizens. tained 1n this plan can only be described 4. In recruiting clerical personnel, pref­ Members of Congress, in my view, have as outrageous. erence should be given to hiring Spanish­ an opportunity, and a responsibility, to The stated objective of the plan is­ speaking Americans. help dispel distrust and to encourage a To achieve a distribution of people in the 5. In filling G&-16 positions, preference renewed faith in our system of govern­ professional grades which reflects the make­ should be given to women. ment and those who participate in it. up of the total work-force according to sex, c. The Bureau Affirmative Action Officer In the 1st session of the 93d Congress, race and ethnic background. should monitor all upgradings to ensure that they are being made in an equitable man­ I introduced H.R. 4623, which requires It then proposes specific quotas for em­ ner. that all Members of Congress issue pub­ ployment from grade 5 through grade 16. Title of responsible official: Bureau Atnrm­ lic personal financial statements. Is the concept of individual merit to be ative Action Officer. This requirement, administered on an discarded even by those who supposedly Target date: June 30, 1975. equitable across-the-board basis, would promote the cause of education? I sin­ EVALUATION/MONITORING be a substantial step toward helping to cerely hope that this will not be the case. Monthly reports should be issued showing establish a more open relationship be­ Each individual seeking employment or hires and promotions for the preceding tween officeholder and constituent. It promotion should be judged on his or month broken down by sex and racial/ethnic would help reduce, I am convinced, some her own merit and ability to do the job, groups. A summary report for the preceding of the skepticism that now exists. three months should be issued at the end of For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I am not on sex, race, or ethnic background. each quarter. If the quarterly summary As the United States approaches its herewith including in the RECORD a shows substantial deviation from the affirm­ statement of my personal assets and lia­ 200th anniversary, I think we would do ative action goals, the Divisions could be well to remember that quota systems are required to confine all hires and/or promo­ bilities in the hope that this will, in some basically collectivist and run counter to tions to target groups affected by the short­ small way, help to achieve the goal that the principle of individual liberty. If we fall until the Bureau is back on target. Ex­ I have mentioned. truly want to tear down the barriers of ceptions to this requirement would have to My financial statement follows: discrimination, we should talk about the be strongly justified by the Associate Com­ COOPERS & LYBRAND, character and qualities of the individual, missioner seeking the exception and would Trenton, N.J., May 15, 1974. have to be approved by the Deputy Commis­ DEAR MR. AND MRs. FORSYTHE: We have not his or her group. sioner. xna.de an examination of the accompanying Following is the text of the third rec­ A file should be kept on all applications personal statement of assets and liabilities ommendation of the Bureau's affirmative from minorities and women. A record should as of December 31, 1973. action plan: also be maintained on all fexna.le and minority The nature of personal accounts, With the AFFIRMATIVE AcriON PLAN RECOMMENDATION applicants who are interviewed for jobs in absence of control over the creation and 3-INCREASE NUMBER OF WOMEN AND MI­ the Bureau, including interviewer's evalua­ recording of personal liabilities, etc. makes NORITmS IN PROFESSIONAL AND PARA-PRO• tion of applicant and reason for not select­ an examination of any but recorded trans­ FESSIONAL POSITIONS ing if applicant is not hired. actions impracticable. Therefore, our exami­ SITUATION NOTE nation consisted of the following: 1. Confirmation of balances in bank ac­ At present there are only four Spanish­ The Office of Education Equal Employment Opportunity Office has informed us that the counts at December 31, 1973. speaking and one Oriental American in the 2. Examination of securities on hand or Bureau and no Indian Americans. Women basis for determining adequate representa­ tion of minorities in the workforce at OE examination of evidential matter indicat ­ are underrepresented in Grades 13 through ing ownership of securities at December 31, 15 and blacks in Grades 12 and 15. In addi­ headquarters is as follows: Grades 1 through 6 should reflect the 1973. tion, black men are undeiTepresented in most 3. Determination of fair market values of professional grades compared With black racial/ ethnic composition of the District of Columbia; Grades 7 through 12 should re­ securities of publicly held corporations at women. December 31, 1973. OBJECJ.'IVE flect the racial/ethnic composition of the Washington metropolitan area; Grades 13 4. Examining data as to the tax or other Our objective is to achieve a distribution basis of other securities. of people in the professional grades which through 18 should reflect the racial/ethnic composition of the nation. The relevant per­ 5. Examining confirmations of cash sur­ reflects the make-up of the total work-force render value of life insurance policies at according to sex, race and ethnic back­ centages for blacks, Spanish-speaking and American Indians are as follows: December 31, 1973. Such confirmations were ground. obtained directly by us. REMEDIAL ACTION District of Columbia: 72 % Black, 2 % Spanish-speaking, 1% Indian. 6. Examining statement of account in­ The following goals and actions are pro­ Washington Metropolitan area: 24% dicating the amount of funds in the U.S. posed to achieve the stated objective: Black, 2.5 % Spanish-speaking, 1% Indian. government retirement program account. a. Recruitment !or Grades Gs-5 to G&-7 7. Examination of real estate tax assess­ should reflect the make-up of the total Nation: 11 % Black, 5 % Spanish-speaking, ment notices to determine estiinated fair work-force as regards sex, race and ethnic 1.5 % Indian. market value of property. background. Vacancies above G&-7 should No comparable percentages have yet been 8. Confirmation of mortgage payable with be filled by promoting from within the xna.x­ established tor determining adequate repre­ the mortgagee. imum extent possible. Only when it can be sentation of women in our workforce. How­ Due to the lack of marketability of other clearly shown that qualified Bureau or other ever, it was the Committee's feeling that a securities as referred to in Note, 1, we could OE personnel are not available to fill these 50-50 split in the professional grades should not satisfy ourselves as to the proper valua­ vacancies is it permissable to recruit from serve as the long-range goal. tion of such securities. However, we did de- July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS 0~ REMARKS 25595 tel'm.ine that such securities were recorded. 3. Home furnishings, personal automobiles died on June 29, 1941, in the United at the ta.x or other basis as indicated in and office equipment are recorded at amounts States, the country which adopted him Note 1. Due to the nature of the assets, we estimated by Mr. and Mrs. Forsythe to ap­ were also unable to determine the propriety proximate fair market value. as its own son. of the amounts estimated as approximating Hoxne furnishlngs ______$10,000 Ignace Jan Paderewski will forever be current market value for the home furnish­ Personal automobiles (1966 Chevrolet remembered and honored as one of the ings, personal automobiles and office equip­ and 1973 Chrysler)------4, 000 greatest concert pianists and artists of ment as recorded in the personal statement Office equipment______2, 500 all times. The Americans for whom he of assets and liabilities and as referred to in played mostly, and where he resided a Note 3. 1rotal ------16,500 great part of his life, will forever cherish In our opinion, subject to the above com­ his memory as an artist. ments relating to the carrying values of SEC URITI ES OF PUBLICLY HELD CORPORATIONS AT MARKET But Paderewski was also a great pa­ other securities and of home furnishings, VALUE personal automobiles and office equipment triot and statesman. Poland and her in­ dependence were the second consuming and subject to the examination of only re­ Number Market corded transactions, the accompanying per­ of shares value love of his life. When World War I broke sonal statement of assets and liabilities out in 1914, he canceled his concert tours fairly present the assets and liabilities of Securities : and launched on a distinguished career Edwin B. and Mary McK. Forsythe as of Amtek ___ ·-______22 $275.00 of personal service to his homeland. December 31, 1973 on a cash basis. 6 300.75 AmericanA.T. & T------Express ____-----______------_ He devoted his time, talents, and (s) COOPERS & LYBRAND, 90 4, 050.00 Arizona Public Service ______Certified Public Accountant. 26 471.25 money to the Polish cause. He is gen­ Atlantic City Electric______119 2, 037. 88 erally credited with having been greatly Bank of America ______24 1, 119.00 Chessie______5 355.78 instrumental in convincing President EDWIN B. AND MARY McK. FORSYTHE, PER­ Columbia Broadcasting ______10 256.25 Woodrow Wilson of the necessity of mak­ SONAL STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, Continental Can Co ______44 902.00 DECEMBER 31, 1973 Exxon Corp ______10 941.25 ing free and independent Poland one of Investment Trust Boston __ -----­ 1, 083. 199 10, 582.85 ASSETS the conditions of the Versailles Treaty. Massachusetts Investment TrusL 38, 540 467.30 In 1918, this inspired patriot retw·ned Cash on hand and in bank accounts_ $23,327 Midlantic Bank Inc ______41 Philadelphia Electric ______10 1, §:~: ~~ to Poland and on January 17, 1919, be­ Cash surrender value of life in- Public Service Electric.& Gas ____ _ 25 459.38 came acclaimed as the first premier of stu·ance ------29,584 Strawbridge & Clothier------10 217. 50 U.S. Government retirement pro- Utah Power & Light______18 630.00 the new born republic. Truly it can be Warner Co ______33 288. 75 gram account______10,464 Wellington Fund ______said that he had a dominant part in Securities of publicly held corpora- 183.383 1, 663.28 welding his beloved Poland into an au­ tions at market value______27, 146 TotaL _____ ------26,706.22 tonomous and· independent state. Other securities (note 1) ------66, 045 Miscella neous stocks: Corporations ___ 75 440. 14 After the German Army overran Real estate-residence (note 2) ____ 32, 400 Grand totaL ______27, 146. 36 Home furnishings, personal auto- Poland in 1940, he again accepted the mobiles and office equipment presidency of the Polish Parliament in (note 3)------16,500 SECURITY AND COMMODITY TRANSACTIONS exile. It is r1oteworthy to comment that DURING l973 the government in exile was the sole Total assets ______205,466 Sold-58 shares, First National Bank of legitimate government of the people of LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH Moorestown, N.J., by Mrs. Forsythe-$2,465. Poland, ready to assume its rightful posi­ Mortgage payable on home (note 2) _ 4, 000 Ptlrchased-1 share, strawbridge & Cloth­ tion when freedom and liberty would Net worth------201,466 ier-$21.18, 3 shares, Philadelphia Electric have been restored to Poland during Co.-$56.25 (both by Mr. Forsythe). those hectic war years. Total liabilities and net Received-111.147 shares, Investment Trust o:t Boston, mutual fund. Reinvest­ Paderewski's body lies today in Arling­ worth ------205,466 ment of dividends and capital gains­ ton Cemetery, not as a permanent rest­ NOTES TO PERSONAL STATEMENT OF ASSETS $1227.27 (jointly owned). ing place, but only temporarily, until AND LIABILITIES 1.763 shares, Massachusetts Investment a free Poland is restored. It was always Trust, mutual fund, reinvestment of divi­ his wish and prayer that some day his 1. Other securities consist of stock in close­ dends by Mr. Forsythe-$22.73. ly held corporations and of a partnership 3 shares, Midlantic Bank, Inc., stock divi­ body could be laid in permanent rest in interest for which market values could not dend plus cash, by Mr. Forsythe-$29.52. a free Poland, which he loved so dearly. be obtained due to the lack of a public It is my fond hope, and that of every market. These securities have been recorded 4.104 shares, ·wellington Fund, mutual at the tax or other basis (as indicated be­ fund, reinvestment of capital gains-$44.32. advocate of freedom and justice in the low) due to the absence of any ind_ependent There were no commodity or real estate entire world and the day may soon come source of market value. The securities in­ transactions during 1973. when freedom will be restored to the volved and the nature of the applicable busi­ people of Poland, the land of the great nesses are as follows: INCOME and immortal Ignace Jan Paderewski. Salary ------$42,500 Name and nature of business Basis Shares Interest, dividends, gifts ($417) (no honorariums) ------3, 285

D. storeG. Brown, ______Inc.,_ ____common______stock; dairy____ _ Gross income ______45,785 t $1,200 12 NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU locust l:ane Farm Dairy, Inc., common FEDERATION SUPPORTS LEGISLA- stock; rental of building and dairy Income tax paid 1973, joint return__ 10,527 equipment, Moorestown, N. L ______153,600 536 TION TO SAVE NEW RIVER ·' J. 8. VanSciver, class A preferred $100 par value; furniture store ______2100 locust lane Farm Dairy (a partnership); rental of trucks and equipmen t______~ 11, 145 (4) HON. WILMER MIZELL

PADEREWSKI-ARTIST AND OF NORTH CAROL~A TotaL ______------66, 045 ------STATESMAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1 Represents tax basis. Monday, Jttly 29, 1974 ~ Represents par value. s Represents amount of capital account at Dec. 31, 1971. HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI Mr. MIZELL. Mr. Speaker, the North 1 50 percent interest. OF NEW JERSEY Carolina Farm Bureau has actively sup­ 2. Real estate--residence--consists of land IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ported legislation which will provide that and a single family, three story residential a portion of the New River in North dwelling at 265 West Second Street in Monday, Jttly 29, 1974 Moorestown, New Jersey. The property is Carolina and Virginia be studied for pos­ recorded at its assessed value. Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. Speaker, this sible inclusion in the National Wild and The property is the personal dwelling of year marks the 33d anniversary of the Scenic Rivers System. Mr. and Mrs. Forsythe. The property was pur­ death of a great Pole and a great citizen If this river is not saved, agricultural chased in 1940 for $4,500 and is subject to a. of the world. Ignace Jan Paderewskt, a land worth in the al"ea of $8.5 million will mortgage of $4,000 as of Decembe;r 31, 1971. great artist, statesman, humanitarian, be destroyed by the proposed Blue Ridge 25596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 power project. This very serious question The National Guard should benefit es­ even to this late hour to determine exactly was also addressed by Representative pecially from this bill, since it is becom­ what Articles of Impeachment will finally RoY TAYLOR, chairman of the House ing harder and harder to interest Ameri­ be proposed, it is my understanding that the principal charges against the President with Interior and Insular Affairs Subcommit­ cans in attending drills and training duty which we have to deal are divided into three tee on National Parks and Recreation, for a 6-year period. To ask an 18-year­ general categories, and it is to these that I when he said: old to commit a period of time longer shall chie:fiy address my remarks in the It is worth mentioning also that much of than college, and amounting to a third brief time which is allotted. the 40,000 acres which would be :fiooded by of his age, is a-sking more than many These general categories are: construction of the dams is productive agri­ devoted and patriotic young Americans 1. The obstruction of justice in the so­ cultural land. Our needs for power are cur­ feel they can commit. In a sense, a 6-year called Watergate cover-up; rently a. subject of much discussion. I wonder obligation asks for a long-term commit­ 2. Alleged abuse of Executive Power; if our needs for food may someday be even 3. The failure of the President to comply more critical. ment without experience, without testing with the subpoenas of this Committee. Our military forces should be dedicated All of these categories have sub-headings, For the benefit of my colleagues, I enough, interesting enough, and good and specific items of evidence, to which I would like to insert the text of a letter I enough to attract young Americans with­ shall address myself in the course of these have received from Mr. B. C. Mangum, out demanding a long-term commit­ remarks. president of the North Carolina Farm ment-sight unseen. It is my judgment, for reasons which I Bureau Federation: In addition, a shorter obligation could hope, at least in part, to indicate, that only NORTH CAROLINA attract volunteers who are not willing to the first of these categories--the so-called FARM BUREAU FEDERATION, Watergate cover-up-presents us with any commit to a 6-year enlistment but who I Raleigh, N.C., July 25,1974. really serious problem for our decision; might change their mind after becoming shall therefore address myself to the second Hon. WILMER MizELL, members of the Armed Forces. House of Representatives, and third categories--alleged abuse of power Washington, D.C. For these reasons, among others, Mr. and non-compUance with subpoenas-in the DEAR WILMER: This is to voice our support Speaker, I urge support of this legisla­ first instance, and rather brie:fiy, and shall for your efforts to have the New River in Ashe tion. use the balance of my time in a slightly more and Alleghany counties added to the Scenic extensive analysis of the alleged Watergate cover-up-following, thereafter, with my River System. This is important legislation ON IMPEACHMENT for landowners of this particular section of conclusions as to the merits of. the case. the state. Turning first to the matter of failure to You are no doubt aware of the vigorous observe or to comply with the subpoenas of HON. DAVID W. DENNIS the Committee on the Judiciary: support that we gave to legislation in the OF INDIANA General Assembly (H. 1433) that would add We have, of course, had a. landmark deci­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion of the Supreme Court of the United New River to the North Carolina. Scenic River States just yesterday which has decided for System. This legislation was strongly sup­ Monday, July 29, 1974 ported by the Ashe and Alleghany County the first time, that a generalized and unitm­ Farm Bureaus and was enacted by an over­ Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker, I thought it ited executive privilege cannot be exercised might be interesting to my colleagues to to over-ride specific subpoenas issued by a whelming majority. That intense effort and Special Prosecuting Attorney in further­ support indicates our interest in this matter. include in the REcoRD my opening re­ ance of the prosecution of a criminal case. We congratulate you for your action and marks in the House Committee on the offer our assistance in any way you deem This decision does not bear directly on nor, Judiciary on the subject of impeachment as a matter of law, does it enhance the power helpful in achieving a successful conclusion. of the President. of this Committee to issue subpoenas in these Warmest personal regards. impeachment proceedings against the Presi­ Sincerely, My statement follows: B. C. MANGUM, REMARKS OF HON. DAVID W. DENNIS ON dent of the United States, because, very un­ fortunately, as I believe, this Committee has President. IMPEACHMENT DELIBERATIONS Mr. Chairman, and my colleagues of the declined and refused to test and to deter­ Committee: · mine its Constitutional powers in the Courts All of us are agreed that this is the most of this country, despite the well-known state­ . THE MU,ITARY OBLIGATION-IS 6 important vote any one of us is likely ever ment of Chief Justice Marshall in Marbury v. YEARS TOO LONG? to cast as a member of the Congress. Only a Madison that "It is emphatically the prov­ vote on a declaration of war, I suppose, might ince and duty of the Judicial Department to be considered as of equal gravity. All of us, say what the law is." HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG I think-while keenly aware of immediate I believe, however, that the power of this OF COLORADO polltical implications--woUld like, on this Committee in respect to the issuance of sub­ poenas in impeachment proceedings is at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vote, to be right; to do right; and to be recorded as having been right in the long least equal to-and is, in all probability, the Monday, July 29, 1974 light of history. superior of-the power of the Special Prose­ cuting Att orney. Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, Con­ This is an emotional matter we have before us, loaded with political overtones, and re­ This decision, therefore, although we are gress decided last year to establish the plete with both individual and national not a party to the litigation, and derive no military forces of this country on a vol­ tragedy; yet I suggest that we will judge it actual rights therefrom, very well may­ untary basis and abolished the involun­ best and most fairly, and with the most and, in my judgment in all probability will­ tary draft. The Marines, the NavY, and chance of arriving at our goal of being result in the furnishing to this Committee the Air Force were expected to be able to right, if we approach it dispassionately, and of additional relevant and highly material meet their manpower requirements, and, analyze it professionally as lawyers who are evidence which, up to this time, we do not in fact, have done so. The Army was con­ engaged in the preparation and in the as­ have. sessment of a case. It is my judgment that should it appear sidered the most likely branch of the In doing this, of course, we cannot ap­ that such evidence will be available to us services to have difficulty in meeting its proach or decide this important matter on within a reasonably short period of time, quotas. the basis of whether we like or dislike Presi­ then it will become our positive duty to de­ Secretary of the Army Callaway has dent Nixon, whether we do or do not in gen­ lay a final vote in these important proceed­ reported the Volunteer Army is doing its eral support his policies, or on the basis of ings until we have examined this additional job. whether we either in 1972 did, or now in 1974 evidence. In assessing the President's past treat­ But it is time to deal with another would, vote for him for high office. The question, rather, is whether or not ment of the subpoenas of this Committee, question raised by the abolition of the proof exists-convincing proof of adequate however, we have no right whatever to con­ draft. weight and evidentiary competence-to es­ sider yesterday's decision of the United States I refer to the present 6-year military tablish that the President of the United Supreme Court because, in addition to the obligation. States has been guilty of high crimes and fact that we are not a party to the cause misdemeanors within the meaning of the this decision, of course had not been handed To rectify this situation I have intro­ Constitution, so as to justify the radical ac­ down when our subpoenas were served, or duced legislation to reduce the military tion of his impeachment and removal in dis­ when the President took his stand in respect obligation of armed service members grace from the high office to which he was thereto. from 6 to 3 years, unless they have vol­ elected by the American people, and which At that point the President simply asserted untarily agreed to serve a longer period he now holds by virtue of their vote. what he stoutly maintained to be a Consti­ on active duty to repay the services for Although many charges and allegations tutional right--and which he is, in fact, specialized training or for other consid­ have been levied against the President be­ still legally free to assert to be a. Constitu­ erations. fore our Committee, and it has been difficult tional right so far as this Committee is con- July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25597 cerned; and we, on · the contrary, asserted Whether the President had a design to, ceedings to which the President was not a a Constitutional right in opposition to the or attempted to, interefere with or obstruct party will not serve the purpose. The wit­ Presidential claim. the Watergate investigation conducted by nesses never called in our investigation­ Such a conflict is properly one for resolu· the FBI, by a phony attempt to enlist the some of them never interviewed-will have tion by the Courts, and absent a binding and possibility of CIA involvement, or whether he to be called, and will have to be relied on. definitive decision between the parties by the genuinely believed--due to the personnel Someone will have to present this case in the Judicial branch, it escapes me on what concerned, the Mexican connection, and cold light of a judicial day. ground it can properly be asserted that a other circumstances-that there might well Unless the legally provable case is clearly claim of Constitutional right is, in any sense, be a CIA or national security involvement, there, we ought not to attempt it; we ought an abuse of power. • appears to me to be a debatable pro~·osition; not to bring on this trauma, in justice to the II. ALLEGED ABUSE OF POWER and, in any case, the CIA disavowed involve­ President, in fairness to ourselves, and in Turning to further alleged abuses of ment and the delay caused by this episode consideration of the welfare of the country. power, I look to the proposed articles which was for a few days only. These, I submit, are serious reasons against we have before us. I predict that the allegations respecting the bringing of a probably unsuccessful In proposed Article II these abuses of alleged corrupt offers or suggestions of ex~ prosecution. power are alleged to be: ecutive clemency will, on the record of our For any prosecution will divide this coun­ 1. Illegal Surveillance, but the 17 wire-taps hearings to date, fall far short in proof; and try. It will tear asunder the Republican chiefly complained of under this heading I believe that the testimony before us of Party for many years to come-and this is were all instituted before the Keith decision, Henry Petersen himself very adequately an­ bad for the country, which depends for its and were not only presumptively legal at swers the allegation of wrongfully dissemi­ political health on a strong two-party sys~ that time, but are probably legal in large nai.in.; information received from the Depart­ tern. And impeachment is radical surgery on part also today since many, if not all of ment of Justice to subjects of the investiga­ the tip of a cancer which needs therapy at them, had international aspects, a situation tion. the roots. in which the need for a court order was The matter of the payment to E. Howard I am as shocked as anyone by the misdeeds specifically not passed upon in the Keith Hunt of $75,000, apparently on the evening of Watergate. Richard Nixon has much to decision. of March 21, 1973, is probably the most dan~ answer for, and he has even more to answer 2. Use of the executive power to unlawfully gerous single incident so far as the Presi­ for to me-as a conservative Republican­ establish a special investigative unit "-to dent is concerned, because there is no doubt than he does to my liberal-lining friends on engage in unlawful covert activities-". But that in the conversation of March 21, 1973 the other side of the aisle. But I join in no it was not unlawful, so far as I am advised, the President more than once stated, and in political lynching where the hard proof fails to establish the plumbers' unit; and I sug­ dramatic fashion, that in order to buy time. as to this, or as to any other President; and· gest that proof is lacking that the President in the short run, a payment to Hunt was ap­ I suggest this: intended for it to, or authorized it to, engage parently necessary. What is needed is moral and political re~ in unlawful covert activities. In like manner But in the same conversation the follow­ form in America. The Nixon administration it is certainly not established as a fact that ing exchange took place: is not the first to be guilty of shoddy prac~ the pw·pose of the Fielding bw·glary was "to The President says: "But in the end, we are tices which, if not established as grounds for obtain information to be used lby Richard M. going to be bled to death. And in the end. impeachment, are nonetheless inconsistent Nixon in public defamation of Daniel Ells­ it is all going to come out anyway. Then you with the better spirit of America. berg", nor is there any substantial evidence get the worst of both worlds. We are going Neither the catharsis of impeachment nor that the President knew of or authorized t o lose, and people are going to-." the trauma of a political trial will cure this this burglary before it took place. In fact H: "And look like dopes!" · illness of the spirit. We are all too likely to pass through this crisis and then forget re~ when Dean told the President about the P: "And in effect, look like & cover-up. So Fielding break-in on March 17, 1973, the that we can't do." form for another 20 years. Our business here President said, "What in the world-what in in the Congress is basically a legislative and the name of God was Ehrlichman having­ And John Dean told the Senators, "The not a judicial function. Lacking as we do a in the Ellsberg .... This is the first I ever money things was left hanging-nothing was clear and convincing legal case . which all resolved". reasonable Americans must and will accept, heard of this." More importantly, the March 21 payment 3. Alleged Abuse of the IRS. Wit.hout going we would do better to retain the President into detail I suggest that the evidence here­ to Hunt was the last in a long series of such we, in our judgment, elected to the office, for so far as the President is concerned-is one payments, engineered by Mitchell, Haldeman, the balance of his term; and, in the mean­ of talk only, and not of action; that the Dean and Kleindienst, and later on LaRue. time, place our energy and spend our time independent attempted actions of Dean, all so far as appears, without the President's on such pressing matters as: Haldeman, and Ehrlichman were unsuccess­ knowledge or complicity. And as to the pay~ 1. Real campaign reform; ful and ineffective; and that the only direct ment of March 21 the evidence appears to 2. A sound financial policy to control and evidence of an alleged Presidential order (in es l.blish that it was set up and arranged for contain inflation; the Wallace case) is a hearsay statement of by conversations between Dean and LaRue 3. Energy and the environment; Clark Mollenhoff that Mr. Haldeman said to and LaRue and Mitchell, before Dean talked 4. War and peace; him that the President requested him to to the President on the morning of the 21st 5. Honesty throughout government; obtain a report--which is, of course, not of March. So that even if the President was 6. The personal and economic rights and competent proof of anything. willing, and even had he ordered it (as to liberties of the individual citizen as against Other allegations of alleged misuse and which the proof falls short) it would appear private agglomerations of power and the abuse of the FBI and the CIA can, in the that this payment was in train and would monolithic state. interests of time, lbe best considered under have gone ~orward, had Dean never talked to There will be another Presidential election the heading of alleged obstruction of justice; the President on March 21 at all. We need to in 1976, and the United States of America and the matter of refusing to honor Judi­ remember, moreover, that despite my insist­ can enter her 200th year without having dis­ ciary Committee subpoenas has already been ence and repeated request our Committee charged our collective frustrations and discussed. never bothered to call Howard Hunt, the purged our individual sins by the political reputed blackmailer, and a central figure in IU. ALLEGED OBSTRUCTION OF J USTICE execution of the imperfect individual whom this case, at all. we put in office and who, in both his strength The first specific action listed here, as im­ And where cover-up is considered we need and in his weakness, perhaps represents us plementing the President's alleged "policy", to remember that, after all, the President all too well. is "Making false and misleading statements became fully a ware and took charge on t o lawfully authorized investigative officers". March 21 and by April 30 Haldema l, Ehrlich­ It would be interesting to have the authors man, and Dean had all left the government HON. WAYNE MORSE and backers of this allegation particularly for good, and now are dealing as they should plead and prove to whom, and when, the with the strictures of the criminal law. President was guilty of making such false statements; and it would be relevant to in­ IV. CONCLUSION HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL quire whether these false statements, if any, Time does not permit a further analysis OF NEW YORK were in fact made to an investigative officer of the great mass of evidence involved. But, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when and while he was engaged in his in~ in conclusion, I would like to leave with you vestigative function. a few thoughts-the first again legal, and Monday, July 29, 1974 If the President was guilty of "counseling finally a more general word. witnesses to give false statements", again First, if we bring this case ar.d carry it Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I join some specificity in pleading and proof are through the House and into the Senate we hundreds of my colleagues and millions much to be desired. I do recall that he had will have to prove it. We will have to prove of my fellow Americans in paying tribute everybody go up to the Senate and testify it by competent evidence. The managers on to the late Wayne Morse: without immunity, and that he counseled the part of the House will have to make the A man who placed personal principles John Dean (not very effectively it would ap~ case. At that point hearsay will not do. In­ above petty, partisan politics. pear) to always tell the truth-pointing out ference upon inference wlll not do. Ex parte A politician who refused to become that Alger Hiss would never have gone to affidavits will not do. Memoranda will not do. part of the pack. From farm legislation jail if he had done so. Prior recorder testimony in other legal pro- to civil rights to his historic vote on the 25598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 Gulf of Tonkin resolution, Wayne I wish to share Robert F. Burleigh's Huntsville, Alabama: "Please continue Morse stood alone, above the mediocre. thoughtful analysis with my colleagues, your good work in helping to stop this strip As the New York Times wrote in an mining. I have had first-hand experience and insert it into the RECORD at this time: with strip mining, and it should be stopped. editorial: COMMENTARY BY RoBERT F. BURLEIGH When will people wake up?"-Mrs. Mary G. At his death, he was in the thick of a fight It was just a few months ago that most of Chasteen. to make a last comeback to the United States us experienced the frustration of waiting in San Diego, California: "Stick to your guns. Senate. The Senate lost. long lines at gas stations and then being Don't let them wreck more land with strip We all lost. told when we did reach the pump that we mining."-Johanna Seeley. could only obtain a certain amount of gas. dhJ~Xleston, W.Va.: "The earth says thank All these frustrations were duly recorded in you."-Virginia and Jim Mcintyre. all media, day after day for the several New Paltz, N.Y.: "Success to you and all months during the energy crisis which fol­ who love our land. Have asked our fine Rep­ THE on. CRISIS AND THE VALUE lowed the Arab states' use of the oil embargo resentative Hamilton Fish to support your OF PROFITS as a weapon in the war with Israel, last year. efforts." A number of politicians, noting the dis­ Beckley, V. Va.: "My husband and I are comfiture and growing anger of the con­ with you all the way in your efforts to abolish HON. PHILIP M. CRANE sumer, began pointing the finger of blame once and for all time the strip mining of at the oil industry, knowing they would be coal. It infuriates us to see the devastation OF U..LINOIS given national attention by the media. Some it is doing to our lovely state."-Edward and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the charges were based on sound informa­ Ruth Cresap. tion, but many, many more were in the for~ Monday, July 29, 1974 Logan, w. Va.: "We know how hard you of sheer demagoguery. And when the oil are working to get your admirable strip­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, many men companies began to report their annual mining bill passed. Can't you visualize what in public life took the occasion of the profits, and their first quarter profits for could happen to areas in the mid-west which oil shortage to teach the American peo­ this year, the political blame-casters thun­ would be disastrously stripped? Then what ple some economic "facts of life" which dered that the profits were "obscene". There to do? Why, of course-spread concrete is no doubt that the increases in revenues highways!"-Dr. and Mrs. Abraham Tow. have no relationship whatever to eco­ and profits were indeed extraordinary. But Bradley, V. Wa.: "I want to congratulate nomic reality. there were few to caution that the situation you on your firm stand against strip min­ The shortage of petroleum products which brought the oil embargo, the oil crisis ing."-Dr. H. B. Wurst. was brought about, in large measure, be­ and the high profits were themselves most Hammond, Ind.: "I heard the views of all cause of Government policies. On the extraordinary. on strip mining, and do feel it is time to go one hand, price controls on natural gas But that abnormal gain in profits appears deep and think of the longer-range plans to be of short duration, because it is not for our country. This is what we have not increased the demand for petroleum forecast as a conservative estimate, that the products and made it unprofitable to pro­ been doing for too long. I heartily approve entire increase in profits reported by the of your bill H .R. 15000." duce additional natural gas. On the oth­ oil companies in the first quarter will not Seekonk, Mass.: "I am all for H.R. 15000, er hand, Government-imposed import be sufficient to offset the additional cost of your bill to stop strip mining and protect quotas kept the supply of petroleum arti­ replacing the inventories which were bought the land. Give 'em Hell!"-Geoffrey P. All­ ficially low. While Government increased before the cost of crude oil from overseas sup. the demand, Government also limited more than doubled in price. And it's con­ Lubbock, Texas: "I am totally in favor of ceivable that the oil companies will have a H.R. 15000. The land has been plundered all the supply. The result: long lines at gas decline in profits in the very near future. stations throughout the country. too much by strip-mining exploitation." Even so, industry is investing almost $3.5 New York, N.Y.: "I support your bill, H.R. Yet, while Government itself was clear­ billion here in the United States and $1.5 15000. Good luck! (We all need it.) "-Wil­ ly to blame, many sought to blame busi­ billion elsewhere in the first quarter of this liam Stelling ness and industry instead. The oil com­ year alone. And that expenditure in the Barnesville, Ohio: "I liked your remarks pames, we were told, had artificially lim­ United States is more than twice as large about strip mining. I feel as you do, that as the oil company profits! This is not in­ strip mining should be phased out and that ited supplies in order to bolster profits. formation gathered from the oil industry­ This was demonstrably untrue, for it had Appalachia shouldn't have to suffer and but hard !acts presented by the senior oil sacrifice for the rest of America." been the oil companies themselves who analyst of the Chase Manhattan Bank, whose Medford, Oregon: "If you want to see and had warned for many years about the job it is to place the facts before the invest­ hear about strip mining, go to my sister, dangerous shortages ahead if Govern­ ment community for decision. Any fair­ Lorene Eastep, Ridgeview, W. Va·. The coal ment interventionist policies were to con­ minded person must admit that the picture company dumped stuti all over the only tinue. of the oil industry was forced out of focus place where she grew her garden, and now by those who seized upon the energy crunch she has no place for a garden. Her water Politicians and journalists picked on of a few months ago to make personal po­ the easy target--big business-rather came out of the mountain by pipe, and when litical capital out of an international eco­ I was there they had ruined the water, and than the real culprit. nomic crisis. The report on the "Petroleum it tasted like sulphur. We could not drink In his commentary on the Mutual Situation" by Chase Manhattan is for release it, and had to buy soda pop."-Mrs. Mary Broadcasting Network for June 24, 1974, today. You may want to keep an eye on the Hibbard Robert F. Hurleigh points out that: situation yourself, and just note how much Catlin, lllinois: "We have a beautiful coverage this situation report is given since community here in lllinois that is faced The entire increase in profits reported by the energy problem is still with us. You may the oil companies in the first quarter will with a strip mining problem. Amax Corpora­ be interested to see whether or not this tion has purchased 4,500 acres around our not be sufficient to offset the additional cost decline in profits gets the same sort of atten­ of replacing the inventories which were town of 2,500. Approximately 3,500 acres of tion in Congress and the media as the first the acquisition is prime agricultural land brought before the cost of crude oil from quarter gains. So goes the world today. overseas more than doubled in price. And it's capable of the highest yields."-Harry W. conceivable that the oil companies will have Smith a decline in profits in the very near future. Athens, Ohio: "We support H.R. 15000."­ Even so, industry is investing almost $3.5 Pat Welling billion here in the United States and $1.5 bil­ STRIP MINING LETTERS San Rafael, Calif.: "I sincerely hope H.R. lion elsewhere in the first quarter of this 15000 passes. Keep up the good work; you year alone. And that expenditure in the have my support."-Katherine Davis Dickson City, Pa.: "You are so right in United States is more than twice as large as your views and your fight to preserve our the oil company profits. HON. KEN HECHLER environment. The coal companies have done These facts were presented by the sen­ OF WEST VIRGINIA no good for anyone."-Mrs. Frank Urban ior oil analyst of the Chase Manhattan IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Clarksburg, W. Va.: "I would like to see the destructive process of strip-mining Bank, whose job it is to place facts be­ Monday, July 29, 1974 eliminated. If it isn't, people are going to fore the investment community for deci­ Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia. Mr. have to take pictures of the majestic scenery sion. Mr. Burleigh concludes that: Speaker, I have received so many hun­ of West Virginia today, put it in a scrapbook Any fair minded person must admit that dreds of wonderful letters, phone calls, for their children and grandchildren, and the picture of the oil industry was forced refer to our state as the land that used to out of focus by those who seized upon the and telegrams within the past few days be beautiful, until it was destroyed by strip­ energy crunch of a few months ago to make concerning the strip mining issue, that mining."-Juan C. SChmidt personal political capital out of an interna­ I want to share excerpts from a repre­ Wisconsin Dells, Wis.; "Hope your bill tional economic crisis. sentative sample: passes. You have courage."-Damon Loomis July 2 9, 19 74 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25599 canoga Park, Calif.: "Your bill H.R. 15000 Chapmanville, W. Va.: "I was certainly diplomacy." He became one of the first has my support."-Estheranne Billings pleased with your hard work concerning the Ame~ican journalists . to take an in-depth Chicago, Ill.: "Your approach is the only strip mining bill. Thank you for trying so view of the Caribbean, Mexico and South realistic one-strip-mining must be phased hard to make people see that strip mining is America. He wrote what has been described out. It would be far wiser to devote efforts · really destroying our beautiful state of West as "the best book written by a non-Mexican" toward developing safe, efficient means for Virginia. What will it take to make the other about Mexico, for which, years later, he re­ deep-mining coal." leaders see this?"-Jerome Dingess, Jr. ceived the Order of the Aztec Eagle. Roose­ Santa Monica, Calif. "I support your bill Chambersburg, Pa.: "I applaud your stand velt wisely tapped his expert first-hand ':le.::a.use it protects the land."-Margaret E. on strip mining."-Joyce Schaff knowledge and he became one of the archi­ Dad ian Mullens, W.Va.: "I am currently employed tects of the Good Neighbor Policy, serving Fairdale, W.Va.: "As a young adult living in coal mining during the summers while as adviser to the American delegation at the on a farm in rural West Virginia, every I am attending W.V.U. in the winters. I Montevideo Conference o! 1933. da.y from my home I view grotesque, un­ think strip-mining should be completely After his years in Portland, he again joined reclaimed highwalls of a nearby strip banned on steep hillsides such as we have the staff of The Nation in 1932, this time as mine."-Eileen Covey in southern West Virginia. There's no way editor, and directed some of the magazine's Staten Island, N.Y. "It's a shame what they can reclaim steep slopes."-Dennis more successful and important campaigns of greed, selfishness and deception does to our Phillips the period, including the campaign to elect country. Strip-mining is like an atomic bomb Philadelphia, Pa.: "I am delighted to hear LaGuardia as Mayor of New York. But after explosion on our land; one can't put it back that you are taking an active part in efforts a time he left to become the first director of again."-Mrs. Harry Bockhorn to stop or control strip mining in this coun­ the newly created Division of Territories and Wheatland, Ind.: "These corporations care try. It is one of the great needs of our Island Possessions and also administrator of nothing for the land, its owners, nor the fu­ time."-Wilmer Young the Puerto Rican Reconstruction Adminis­ ture of our country, but desire only their tration. He also served, of course, for nearly own gain. The coal companies are Sible to fourteen years as territorial governor o.f force the sale of lands to them, because Alaska, and, more than any one person, was they would be surrounded by devastated responsible for the successful drive to acquire land, and the value of their holdings re­ THE NATION PAYS TRIBUTE TO statehood first for Alaska and then for duced greatly because of its location in a ERNEST GRUENING Hawaii. desolate, stripped area."-Mr. and Mrs. G. In two terms as Sen a tor from Alaska, he Winton Palmer was in the thick of every good fl.gh t and Sophia, W. Va.: "Around here, you can't HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. gave as good as he got in each of them. On say anything about the way the land is de­ OF MICHIGAN October 7, 1963, he delivered his first major speech critical of America's role in Vietnam stroyed, because if your father works for a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coal company he may be fired from hls and on March 10, 1964, demanded the with­ job."-B. M. Milam Monday, July 29, 1974 drawal of U.S. troops. He cast one of the two Senate votes against the Gulf of Tonkin Res­ Hickory Hills, Ill.: "You have the right Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, before idea in H.R. 15000. Keep pushin' "-David olution, the other being cast by Wayne Harris. most of us knew the late Ernest Gruen­ Morse. For these services The Nation set in Hixson, Tenn.: "Thank God that there are ing as a Senator of undeterred princi­ motion the process by which a group of his some elected representatives, such as you, ple, my distinguished and admired colleagues later nominated him for the Nobel who have guts to fight for the land. As a friend served as managing editor, and Peace Prize, which he richly deserved but former resident of the southern coal fields later as editor, of The Nation. He was re­ did not receive. In February 1967, he partici­ of West Virginia, I know only too well the pated in The Nation's conference in Los An­ sponsible for much of the magazine's geles which gave definite momentum to devastation that the strip miners have early success, and remained intimately caused."-Mrs. Barbara Gwynn McMahan political opposition to the war. At that con­ Seattle, Wash.: "Your bill seems to be associated with its work throughout his ference, Senators McCarthy, Hatfield, Mc­ the only one that really does something career. The publishers, editors, and staff Govern and Gruening all spoke against t 1.~ e about the way strip mining companies are of The Nation recently printed a tribute war, as did Martin Luther King, Jr.-his first raping the land."-Seattle, Wash. to the late Ernest Gruening, which in­ public speech against further American in­ Inkster, Mich.: "I've followed your fights cludes statements from men who . knew volvement in Vietnam. Another participant against the over-powerful, over-greedy coal at the conference, Eugene McCarthy, made and admired the pioneer spirit of the history the next year when he entered the giants with great interest. End strip mining former Senator. t insert this article in forever.''-David E. Stauffer Democratic primary in New Hampshire, and Houston, Texas: "I listened to the debate the RECORD. four years later George McGovern carried on on strip mining of television. I hope that ERNEST GRUENING the same fight with the active support of Ernest Gruening. your bill, H.R. 15000, will pass."-Percy Sel­ The persona never engulfed the self with den Ernest Grueni.ng. The public citizen and In 1968, after Gruening was defeated for Falls Church, Va.: "I would like to add my the private person were one and the same; re-election to the Senate, his name was support to your strip mining bill."-Mrs. promptly added to our masthead as Editorial he was always of one piece. He had an Associate and, let it be noted, he took the Thomas P. Myers enormous zest for life and made it a prac­ Sundial, W.Va.: "The residents of the par­ design•ation :eriously. From Washington-or tice never to be bored. His splendid auto­ wherever he was at the moment-came a ticular stripped areas are the ones who suf­ biography is appropriately titled Many Bat­ fer. This particular area used to be really steady drumbeat of suggestions for articles tles, and it is clear that he enjoyed all of and editorials, nor did he hesitate to offer pretty nice before the strippers moved in. them. He was an intellectual--educated in Everything is destroyed; nothing is replaced. criticism when he thought it was needed. As private schools here and in Europe, Harvard he was dying in a hospital in Washington, The bedrock is broken, streams are flowing College (Bachelor of Arts in science, 1907), dirty, or red with sulphur. Regulations do he was preoccupied with impeachment and and the Harvard Medical School, 1912 (al­ worried about the outcome. In his view, the no good, because they are side-stepped."­ though he never practiced) -who loved the Richard Bradford President should be impeached for hh>: '1 rough-and-tumble of politics and the chal­ crimes and misdemeanors, thrown out of of­ Bluefield, W. Va.: "Greed sums up their lenge and excitement of journalism. In motivation which they so cleverly try to flee, then prosecuted as a citizen, convicted Boston he worked on the American, the Her­ again and put in jail as a demonstration thc..t cloak under altruism. The strip mine oper­ ald, served as editor of the Traveler (at age American justice still lives. The postscript in ators would have us believe they went into 27), and later moved to the Journal as man­ Many Battles is- a classic indictment of the business simply to supply our energy aging editor. He was business manager, for Richard Nixon; no better statement of t,..e needs. Hundreds of acres are being torn up a time, of La Prensa, in New York. He helped case for impeachment has been or will be by stripping, and it's going on day after day found and for five years edited the Portland issued. after day. Then I read a West V~rginia Con­ (Maine) Evening News. He was, briefl.y, man­ set~vation Magazine and realize what "a two­ aging editor of the New York Tribune and Ernest Gruening was a man of culture. He faced, hypocritical tool of monied interests New York Evening Post, but left both papers had wit and humor. He possessed a wide this Department of Natural Resources is."­ for reasons that did him credit. range of knowledge in many fields and few Americans of his generation had a richer or Bob Connor For most of his adult life Gruening was Ravencliff, W. Va.: "Thank you sincerely more varied experience in public affairs. He identified, in one way or another, and at liked people and loved life. He was a m an for the work you are doing to protect our different times, with The Nation. He joined of impeccable honor and integrity, indomi­ state from the strippers and their lack of the staff on May 15, 1921, as managing edi­ '"~spect for our state."-Mrs. Evonda Morgan tor-The Nation of Villard, Kirchwey, Gan­ table spirit and extraordinary moral courage. 'l'ustin, Calif.: "We sincerely feel that strip nett, Lewisohn and the Van Dorens-and No one had a more acute sense of when the mining must and should be completely abol­ played a key role in the magazine's fourteen­ slightest compromise on an issue of principle ished. It is a short-term energy and capital year campaign to end the occupation of could be fatal; he never made the mistake of investment, with long-term devastation to Haiti. In fact it was at The Nation that he letting that moment slip by. He had tender­ our land."-Mr. and Mrs. James F. Maple­ first became interested in foreign policy ness and affection for those he loved. What doram when he campaigned against "gunboat he had to say in his autobiography about the 25600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 tragic deaths of Ernest, Jr., and Peter Groen­ It was my prlvUege not only to serve with that experience that I was soon to join the ing suggests, in its simplicity and directness, him in the U.S. Senate for a number o! years board o! the NAACP and work actively in the depth of his feeling for them; so do his but also to come to know him as a personal the civil. rights movement for the rest of my frequent references to his wf!e, Dorothy. friend and to work With him very closely 1n lite. At The Nation we knew Ernest Grueni:ng the course of the 1972 campaign for the Last year I was present when Ernest and as a delightful and valued colleague and an Presidency, and also during 1971 in the con­ Wayne Morse got ACLU awards for being the ever loyal and helpful friend. His life spanned test for the Democratic Presidential nomina­ two members of the U.S. Senate With the nearly a century and he was, by any reckon­ tion. courage to oppose the Gulf of Tonkin Reso­ ing, one of the most remarkable Americans I always will think of Senator Gruenlng as lution in 1964. And in the spring of this year of his time. Removing his name from the a man who brought great passion and per­ Ernest made his :first trip to Hotchkiss since masthead, as we do with this Issue, is a sonal commitment and a healthy sense of his graduation in 1903. At my class reunion painful rite. But the conscience of a maga­ moral outrag') to the problems that faced last month I found that Ernest completely zine tha..t has been around as long as The Na­ our country. captivated not only the entire student body tion is necessarily made up of the dead as I arrived at the Doctors Hospital just a but most of the townsfolk as well. He was well as the living. No one famllar with the few minutes after Senator Groening died, supposed to spend only an evening, but editorships of Godkin, Villard and Gruening and Mrs. Gruening was still sitting there in wound up staying three days. would say that their influence ceased when the room with him. I stayed there and visited His humor and energy were unparalleled their lives ended. The spirit of Ernest Groen­ with her for about an hour in the presence and he was certainly the nicest guy I ever ing wm remain very much a part of The of Senator Groening, and we were talking WOrked for.-JOHN HAMMOND. Nation's heritage. without any tears at all about his marvelous CAREY McWILLIAMS, life and the many things that he did. Far the Publishers, Editars and staff of Mrs. Gruening spent most of that time ex­ The Nation. pressing her thanks and her gratitude and NAACP SUPPORTS RHODESIAN her joy that she had been permitted some SANCTIONS BILL Here follow comments from men who sixty years with this remarkable man.-sen­ knew, admired and indeed loved Ernest ator GEORGE McGOVERN. Gruening: It is a measure of Ernest Gruening's great­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL Ernest Groening personified truthfulness, ness that in the last decade of a long and OF NEW YORK honesty, integrity and courage throughout productive life, he undertook to use his in­ his public service. He has been warning us telligence and influence to take on not one, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES !or the past many years that these attributes but two, of the most controversial public Monday, July 29, 1974 of good character have been lacking in many issues-the war in Vietnam and the prob­ high places in all three branches of our lems of curbing rapid population growth. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, next government. In both instances he had to contend with week the House is scheduled to vote on He recognized and warned that 1f our gov­ an administration led by his own party-and S. 1868, the bill to restore the United ernment, through its policies, violates the in both instances, when the time came for States to full compliance with United moral and legal principles upon which our action, it was Gruening's position which was Nations sanctions against Southern system of constitutional self-government was vindicated. Between 1965 and 1968, Senator founded, American citizens, once they be­ Groening conducted a remarkable set of Rhodesia by halting the importation of came convinced of such wrongdoing, would thirty-two Senate hearings on "the popula­ Rhodesian chrome. The NAACP. at its demand and obtain a return of their consti­ tion crisis" which elicited the views of 120 annual convention this year, adopted a tutional freedoms and rights. It was to this scientists, public officials, religious leaders resolution supporting this bill and urging issue of honest government that Ernest and citizens. The record of these hearings­ its members to communicate that sup­ Groening dedicated much of his time for in 6,800 pages-was rich and diverse, ranging port to Members of the House. the past ten years. from detailed monographs on the prospects The NAACP resolution notes that for Ernest Gruening was a very effective politi­ for population growth to Gruening's expert 2 Y2 years the United States has been in cal evangelist in the cause of peace through lecturing of an indifferent John Gardner, enforceable Rules of International Law. He then Secretary of Health, Education and violation of its treaty obligation to com­ did not oppose but supported adequate na­ Welfare, on the inadequacy of the depart­ ply with U.N. sanctions by allowing im­ tional defense. But he did oppose vigorously ment's program. When the hearings were portation of certain "strategic and crit­ undeclared wars by our country or any other completed, the issues of family planning and ical materials" from Rhodesia. We know country, military balance-of-power diplo­ population had been defused politically and now that there is enough chrome and fer­ macy, military intervention into the internal the inherent inability or unwillingness to rochrome in the national stockpile to affairs of other nations even though it is act of the government's administrative bureaucracies had been exposed. The Gruen­ meet defense needs for several decades done under the diplomatic guise of a detente. of war, and that American industry can He warned again and again that a nuclear ing hearings thus laid the groundwork for proliferation and the leaving of nuclear war­ positive legislation in 1967-70 on both the get high-quality chrome and ferro­ making power, in the name of national secu­ domestic and international aspects of the chrome at good prices from several coun­ rity and sovereignty, to a few nations with­ population issue. tries other than Rhodesia. The time has out complete international enforcement con­ It was a classic example of legislative come for our country to return to its trol increases the danger of a nuclear arms initiative and leadership, carried out by a commitment to stand firmly on the side race ending in a worldwide catastrophic nu­ virtuoso. Our nation and our world will of peaceful political change toward ma­ clear war. sorely miss Ernest Gruening. They don't make them that way any more.-Frederick jority rule in Rhodesia. HiStory will record Ern est Gruening as I insert the NAACP resolution in being far ahead of his time. But above all S. Jaffe, vice president, Planned Parenthood else he will go down in history as a states­ Federation of America and director, Center the RECORD at this point. man in support of peace in our time through for Family Planning Program Development. NAACP RESOLUTION enforcement of world law. Back in 1929 when I was a senior at Hotch­ Whereas, the 5¥2 million African people of When historians in the years ahead finish kiss, I read an article telling of the plight Rhodesia are controlled by an illegal m i­ their documented evaluations of the public of a newspaper editor in Portland, Me., by nority regime; and service record of Ernest Gruening, he is cer­ the name of Ernest Gruening. In my inno­ Whereas, the United Nations has insti­ tain to be ranked among the list of greatest cence and arrogance I wrote him asking for tuted a program of mandatory international champions of the nat ion's welfare ever to a job, and to my amazement received an economic sanction against the White Mi­ serve in the United States Sen&.te.-WAYNE immediate answer saying that be would try nority Rhodesia Regime, in order to exert MoRSE. me out. He said in his letter that he too had pressures on the White regime to accept a My memory of Ernest Gruening will en­ gone to Hotchkiss and couldn't imagine any­ settlement for majority rule; and dure a lifet ime. His many battles were of con­ body there reading either The Nation or The Whereas, the United States Government science and conviction, and the vision of the New Republic or being interested enough to has allowed the importation of certain "stra­ issue always became clear with time. He work on a Democratic paper in an archly te::;ic and critical materials" from Rhodesia fought for his beliefs and he spoke his mind. conservative state. since January 1972 in violation of a treaty He was a great man both for Alaska and the The Portland Evening News was my home obligation of the United States to comply nation when we needed a great man.­ for two summers and I learned more than I with the United Nations Sanctions Program; WALTER J. HICKEL. can ever acknowledge about journalism, the and Of all the men I have ever known in pub­ civil rights movement and trade unionism Whereas, support of the United Nations lic life, Ernest Gruenlng is the one whose life from Ernest, and also got to meet his won­ Sanctions Program by the citizens and gov­ I most admire. He used to call me almost derful sister Martha who was one of the ernment of the U.S. will significantly sup­ every morning, sometimes as early as 6:30 or founders of the NAACP. Although my life port the struggle of the African people for 7:00, to tell me what I should do about this has been mainly concerned with music, it majority rule and true independence of Zim­ article or that editorial or chide me for not was Ernest Groening as editor of The Nation babwe (the African name for Rhod.esla); a.nd doing enough on this or that issue. He did who sent me to Alabama in February 1933 to Whereas, the Senate passed a bill on De­ this up until the end. cover the Scottsboro case, and it was through cember 18, 1973 to restore full U.S. com- July 29, 197 4 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25601 pliance with sanctions against Rhodesia and tary of Health, Education, and Welfare I w·ge the support of my colleagues for the House Foreign Affairs Committee voted to make a full and complete investiga­ the conference report. in support of this bill on June 27, 1974, and tion and study of problems of violence the bill is expected to come before the House of Representatives by the end of July; there­ and crime in the elementary and sec­ fore be it ondary schools of this country. I come Resolved That the National Association from a city which has had some particu­ DUTCH ELM DISEASE UNDER for the Ad~ancement of Colored People sup­ lar problems in this area, problems severe CONTROL rort s. 1868, the bill to renew U.S. Compliance enough that I believe the results of this with United Nations sanction against the study could provide valuable information HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH White Minority Rhodesian Regime, and en­ upon which to base future congressional courage members of the NAACP to communi­ action in this area. I commend this sec­ OF NEW YORK cate this support to appropriate members of IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the House of Representatives. tion to the Members for their support. The three sections I have enumerated Monday, July 29, 1974 are but a portion of a very major piece Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, since any­ of legislation. As the ranking minority one can remember, Dutch elm disease H.R. 69 member of the subcommittee which orig­ has been ravaging giant, ancient elm inated the bill and as one of those who trees throughout the country. My own HON. ALPHONZO BELL conferred for 18 days with our Senate home city of Syracuse used to have colleagues, some sessions running more streets lined with stately elms until this OF CALIFORNIA than 12 hours in length and concluding disease took its toll. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the small hours of the morning, I can But the days of the disease are num­ Monday, July 29, 1974 commend this legislation to you for your bered because scientists at the State support. I urge you to vote yes on H.R. University College of Forestry have made Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, on Wednes­ 69 on Wednesday. day the House will consider the confer­ a major breakthrough that may lead to ence report on a bill which I consider to control of the disease. be the most important education au­ This breakthrough was recently ex­ thorization bill which the Congress has COMMUNITY EDUCATION IN THE plained in an article by Richard Case considered in this decade. The bill is CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 69 that appeared in the Syracuse Herald­ H.R. 69, the Education Amendments of Journal on July 12. I would like to share 1974. The bill reauthorizes virtually the HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN that article with my colleagues: entire series of Federal aid programs for FORESTRY SCIENTISTS FIND CONTROL FOR ELM elementary and secondary education. In OF FLORIDA DISEASE addition, H.R. 69 contains amendments I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ·Scientists at Syracuse's State College of Monday, July 29, 1974 Environmental Science and Forestry and the and extensions of a number of other pro­ U.S. Forest Service today revealed what it grams. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, prior to believed to be a major breakthrough in the There are three particular provisions the time when the House considers the control of Dutch elm disease. in H.R. 69 to which I would like to draw conference report on the Education. They have "broken the code" of chemicals the attention of the Members. I believe Amendments of 1974, I would like to used by the disease's principal c &:rri~r . t~e all of these are very important, and each draw the attention of my colleagues to EUropean el~ bark beet le, for ~ating attrac- on its own merit deserves the support of tion. · one of the programs which will be newly ·By duplicating this mysterious "perfume" _ the House. authorized by this legislation-the Com­ of the insect world, scientists feel they can The first is section 105 of the act, munity Schools Act. trap the beetles before they infect trees. The which extends and amends programs for Community education is using a school artificial chemical is a female sex attractant . bilingual education. For those of us who facility, after the regular school· hours, A joint announcement by the college and come from States and districts with large to meet some of the educational, cultural, the Forest Service's Northeastern .Forest Ex- . numbers of limited English-speaking periment Station at Delaware, Ohio said the and recreational needs of a community. chemical has lured millions of the insect people, this section means an enormous The emphasis is on what the community amount to the education of the children pests to their deaths in recent field tests. would like to see included in their pro­ The discovery-a product of several years of these people. I am pleased that the gram. For example, in Dade County, of intensive investigation-not only offers conferees have included a number of Fla., which I represent, archery, auto the possibility of an effective control of a amendments to strengthen the provision maintenance, knitting, gourmet cooking, disease tha'; has killed millions of Dutch of Federal support for bilingual educa­ first aid, drama, basketball, and senior elms but take scientists some distance down tion. citizen activities are some of the offer­ the road toward understanding chemical The section which is very important ings of the community education pro­ communication used by insects. in this context is section 2lroblems in the State. health agencies and social welfare offices munist world and the forces for revolution in can share the same space, the cost should the third world. . be lower for each of them and their avail­ Should the Soviet Union turn on Com­ H.R. 69-MORE THAN BUSING ability to the community should improve. munist China, Chinese strategists argue, they A significant factor making the coopera­ will be able to cut through to Peking in 10 to tion reasonably possible is the declining 15 days. Poised along the coast of the Chinese HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE mainland, they will be far more dangerous enrollment in our public schools which to the free world than any Red Chinese OF NEW JERSEY means that there will be extra space regime. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES available in those building in many com­ At that point, the Ess-Jay line will be of Monday, July 29, 1974 munities. It is reasonable that other even-more vital importance to the United agencies whose mission complements States. To my mind, there is an invincible Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, I am the schools can and should be able to logic to the position of the Chinese on pleased that the Senate has approved the use that space with no disruption of Taiwan. conference report on the Elementary and the school program. A community school Their view is shared by the Pentagon Secondary Education Act amendments but not by the Congress which has tended keeps its doors open far into the night to evade the facts. and I hope the House will do the same. for a wide range of programs. This al­ With the departure of Sen. J. William This bill contains many far-reaching lows the community to get much more Fulbright and the accession of Sen. John and innovative sections that are impor­ return on its investment in a building. Sparkman to the chairmanship of the Senate tant to education. I am, however, dis­ If new schools are built, they should be Foreign Relations Committee next January, appointed that so much attention has designed to be used by a number of agen­ the thinking in Congress will probably veer been focused exclusively on the sections cies during all hours of the day and in the direction of strategic sanity. of H.R. 69 dealing with busing. H.R. 69 night. The example of the Thomas J ef­ The question then will be whether or not is more than a busing bill. that shift in thinking will be strong enough ferson Junior High School in Arlington, to overcome the obdurate madness of those Among the innovative and important Va., or the Martin Luther King School in who claim that Taiwan is of no importance portions of this legislation is section Atlanta serves as a model for what can to America. 405 which, for the first time, places be done. As agencies become familiar Congress on record as supporting the with the programs of others, they should concept of community schools. Many be able to find new ways to cooperate. WPLX ~NS BROADCASTERS school districts across the Nation already While H.R. 69 does not provide actual AWARD have a good start in this field. There construction funds it does provide funds now are more than 700 school districts for the planning of community schools with community school programs, and and funds for the implementation of HON. LESTER L. WOLFF almost 1,000 educators hold degrees community schools programs. It is a OF NEW YORK in community education. Six States modest step in the right direction and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have passed legislation and appropriated in one sense I agree with this modesty. Monday, July 29, 1974 funds for community schools, and seven We should make a careful evaluation others are currently considering such of this program becaunse it is a new role Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would like legislation. I believe the time for com­ for the Federal Government. Also very to extend my congratulations to WPIX­ munity schools is here. important is the fact that responsibility TV which recently won the New York The community schools section of is given to the State and local education State Broadcasters Association Award H.R. 69 is important legislation for two agencies to design and administer the for Outstanding Editorials for the fourth reasons. First, it focuses on the role of programs. time in 5 years. WPIX-TV was recog­ the school in developing a truly cohesive I think Wilbur Cohen, dean of the nized this year for a series of insightful community. Since World War II, schools editorials on gun control. I enclose the school of education at the University of have become larger and hence less re­ Michigan and a former Secretary of following article about WPLX which I lated to the immediate communities they think will be of interest to my colleagues: Health, Education, and Welfare, put it serve. Yet, historically schools have been well when he told us in our hearing WPIX TV WINS NEW YORK STATE BROAD- a vital core of communities in America. CASTERS ASSOCIATION AWARD FOR OUTSTAND­ that- ING EDITORIALS They have served as town meeting Community schools played an important The New York State Broadcasters Asso­ halls, recreation centers, libraries, and in role early in the century in helping immi­ ciation has recognized WPIX for excellence one case as a fire house. That is the part grants learn English and American history. in editorializing on television for the fourth of America sadly lost when schools are Now they can play an important role in ap­ time in five years. The coveted "Outstand­ locked up at night. It is a sad statement pealing to the needs of the disadvantaged, ing Editorial" award for 1974 was accepted of where we are in our country when the ethnic groups locked 1n the Inner city by WPIX Senior Vice President Richard N. as well as the person who aspires to greater people in the community physically as­ knowledge and opportunity. Hughes, editorial spokesman for Channel 11, sault the one institution designed to help at the Association's annual summer con­ people. I believe a community schools ference in Cooperstown on Tuesday, July 16. program can turn this problem around. WPIX TV won for a series of editorials on ANOTHER OKLAHOMAN JOINS the controversial issue of gun control. In In my view, one of the most important the course of its editorial campaign WPIX benefits we will find over the next few THE "TODAY" SHOW TV also presented Editorial Feedback, tele­ years is the potential of the community casts in which comments of the viewers school to bring people together. It is nec­ HON. JAMES R. JONES concerning the issue were presented, and essary to involve people in the commu­ rebuttal telecasts from opposing points of OF OKLAHOMA view. nity in planning and developing the pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Commenting on the award, Mr. Hughes gram. This is the very foundation of a said, "We are particularly pleased to again community schools program without it Monday, July 29, 1974 win the New York State Broadcasters Asso­ there is not much chance of the program Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, ciation Award. As a result of the WPIX working. Communities which have it is with a great amount of pleasure 25606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 that I call my colleagues' attention to ommendations, will benefit from a review removing the President of the United States the fact that this morning's presenta­ of the following statement: from office. · So I came down myself to the position tion of the "Today" show marked the STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE LAWRENCE J. that we can have no less a standard of proof first day on the job for Jim Hartz in his HOGAN, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS than we insist on whEm a criminal trial is new role as anchorman and cohost of FROM THE FIFI'H CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT involved, where to ·deny an individual of his the highly touted news program. OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND liberty we insist that the case against him Jim is following another outstanding More than a century ago, in a time of great be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. And Oklahoman, the late Frank McGee, who national trial, Abraham Lincoln told a trou­ I say that we can insist on no less when the cohosted the "Today" show prior to his bled and bitterly divided nation, "We cannot matter is of such overriding import as this escape history. We of this Congress and this impeachment proceeding. untimely death this past April. Administration will be remembered in spite I started out with a presumption of in­ My pleasure in seeing Jim ascend to of ourselves. No personal significance or in­ nocence for the President because every citi­ this new position is based partially on significance can spare one or another of us. zen of this country is entitled to a presump­ our long personal friendship, and also The fiery trial through which we pass will tion of innocence, and my fight for fairness because Jim's start in broadcasting came light us down in honor or dishonor to the on this Committee is obvious to my 37 with radio station KRMG in Tulsa, last generation." friends and colleagues who I think will cor­ Okla. He later became news director for Today, we are again faced with a national roborate that I was as outspoken as any KOTV television in Tulsa. trial. The American people are troubled and Member of this Committee in calling our divided again, and my colleagues on this very fine staff to task when I thought they In 1964 Jim Hartz became affiliated Committee know full well that we cannot were demonstrating bias against the Presi­ with WNBC in New York. During the escape history, that the decision we must dent, when I thought they were leaving from past 10 years Jim has covered every jointly make will itself be tested and tried the record parts of the evidence which were major space shot since the Apollo pro­ by our fellow citizens and by history itself. exonerating of the President. I fought with gram began. The magnitude of our mission is awe­ the Chairman and the Majority, with some I wish to extend congratulations to some. There is no way to understate its im­ of my colleagues on this side, insisting that Jim's father, Rev. Martin D. Hartz, and portance, nor to mistake its meaning. We every element of fairness be given to the have unsheathed the strongest weapon in President, that his counsel should sit in on his two brothers Herbert Hartz, assistant the arsenal of congressional power; we per­ deliberations and offer arguments and evi­ chief of police of Tulsa, and Leon Hartz, sonally, members of this Committee, have dence and call witnesses and my friend from financial director of Oral Roberts Uni­ felt its weight, and have perceived its Alabama, Mr. Flowers, mentioned that earli­ versity in Tulsa. dangers. er. But he will also have to confess that Jim has demonstrated a great ability The framers of the Constitution, fearing most of these concessions to fairness were in the field of broadcast journalism, an Executive too strong to be constrained made only after partisan dispute and de· and I believe his addition to the "Today" from injustice or subject to reproof, arrayed bate, which is what our whole legislative the Congress with the power to bring the process is about in the Congress. show will mark an even higher level Executive into account, and into peril of So I do not concede to anyone on this of excellence in reporting which the removal, for acts of "treason, bribery or other Committee any position of fighting harder viewing public has come to expect from high crimes and misdemeanors." Now, the and stronger that the President get a !air this news program. I want to wish Jim first responsibility facing Members of this hearing on the evidence and while I do have and his family the very best of success Committee was to try to define what im­ some individual specific objections to iso­ in this new endeavor. peachable offense is. The Constitution does lated incidents of unfairness, I think on the not define it. The precedents, which are whole the proceeding has been fair. sparse, do not give us any real guidance as Now, I am a Republican. But party loyalty to what constitutes an impeachable offense. and personal affection and precedents of the So each of us in our own conscience, in our past must fall, I think, before the supreme own mind, in our own heart, after much arbiter of men's action, the law itself. No REPRESENTATIVE HOGAN STATES study, had to decide for ourselves what con­ man, not even the President of the United HIS POSITION ON IMPEACHMENT stitutes an impeachable offense. Obviously, States, is above the law. For our system of it must be something so grievous that it justice and our system of Government to warrants the removal of the President of survive, we must pledge our highest alle­ the United States from office. I do not agree giance to the strength of the law and not to HON. WAYNE OWENS with those that say impeachable offense is the common frailties of men. OF UTAH anything that Congress wants it to be and I Now, a few days ago, after having heard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES do not agree with those who say that it must and read all the evidence and all the wit­ be an indictable criminal offense. But some­ nesses and the arguments by our own stafi' Monday, July 29, 1974 where in between is the standard against and the President's lawyer, I came to a con­ Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, as my col­ which we must measure the President's con­ clusion, and I felt that the debates which duct. we began last night were more or less pro leagues know, the House Committee on There are some who say that he should be forma and I think they have so far indicated the Judiciary has entered the final phase impeached for the wrongdoing of his aides that. I feel that most of my colleagues before of its consideration of articles of im­ and associates. I do not concur in that. I this debate began had made up their minds peachment against President Nixon. think we must find personal wrongdoing on on the evidence, and I did, so I saw no rea­ General debate on these articles began his part if we are going to justify his son to wait before announcing the way I last Wednesday night before a national impeachment. felt and how I was going to vote. television and radio audience, and con­ The President was elected by an over­ I read and reread and sifted and tested tinued through Thursday evening before whelming mandate from the American peo­ the mass of information and then I came to the committee began a more specific dis­ ple to serve as their President for four years my conclusion, that Richard Nixon has be­ and we obviously must be very, very cau­ yond a reasonable doubt committed impeach­ cussion of the language in which the ar­ tious as we attempt to overturn this man­ able offenses which, in my judgment, are of ticles were to be proposed, and whether date that is itself of historic proportions. sufficient magnitude that he should be re­ or not these articles would be reported to After a Member decided what, to his mind, moved from office. the House for its consideration. constitutes an impeachable offense he then · Now, that announcement was met with a The opening remarks under general had to decide what standard of proof he great deal of criticism from friends, from debate were intended to convey the his­ would use in trying to determine whether or Government officials, from colleagues in Con­ gress. I was accused of making a political de­ ~ toric importance of the decision the not the President of the United States had committed an impeachable offense. Now, cision. If I had decided to vote against im­ committee was asked to make, and to some have said that we are analogous to a peachment, I venture to say that I would display in some detail the evidence. grand jury, and a grand juror only need find also have been criticized for making a polit­ For the benefit of my colleagues, who probable cause that a criminal defendant ical decision. One of the unfortunate things must soon make a similar decision, I am had committed an offense in order to send about being in politics is that everything inserting at this point in the RECORD the the matter to trial. But because of the vast you do is given evil or political motives. My ramifications of this impeachment, I think friend from Alabama, Mr. Flowers, said that text of the remarks delivered by the we need to insist on a much higher stand­ the decision that we make is one that we are gentlemen from Maryland y a multitude of na­ wage earners, he is by no means enchanted bililon budget, of the kind proposed by Treas­ tional, state, and local taxes. with the method that has been devised to ury Secretary Simon, the budget next year (But while everyone is aware of how much finance them. will be wildly uncontrollable and beading to is taken in withholding and Social Security "The tax is the most regressive one we $1 trillion by the 1980s. It will never again taxes, few realize how large a. slice of their have in that the person who earns $100,CJOO be as "easy" for Congress and the adminis· income is being consumed by the many other a year pays no more than the one who tration to get the budget under control as levies to which they are subjected. earns $13,200. Both pay the same-$772.20 it is right now. (Two typical wage earners opened up their -and what is even worse is that a worker Instead, both Congress and the White financial records and family budgets to the making from $7000 to $10,000 a year has a House, Democrats and Republicans, are Herald American in order to explore just how proportionately greater cut taken from his jockeying for position so each will be able to these indirect and hidden taxes hurt them. earnings than does a person in the higher blame the other. At the same time, Washing­ (What was found-and what it all means, s!l.lary ranges. ton is mesmerized by the increasing fiow of to you as well as to them, is told in his "Social Security is this government's tax re-venues into the Treasury. Corporations series, "The Great Paycheck Raid.") major spending program, affecting more are paying ever higher taxes on mythical in­ (By Bill Duncliffe) people directly than any other. It is high ventory profits; wage earners are paying ever One of the financial facts of life that infu­ time that the burdens of that program were higher taxes as the progressive tax structure riates a hard-pressed Boston factory worker spread more evenly among the American pushes them illto higher tax brackets with no is that the government--after making some people." real increase in earnings. small allowance for his having to support a Ways and Means has, for several months But if the Fed maintains any kind of re­ wife and five children on a paycheck of j"ust now, been groping through the tangle of American tax laws in an effort to reform straint in money growth, the profit illusion $201 a week-still nicks him for nearly $7 of them and make them more equitable. There will evaporate and unemployment will climb that in Federal income taxes. rapidly. Tax revenues, of course, will plum­ What burns him even more is that the has been talk that the Committee is think­ met in that case. We can easily imagine a $25 same government--making no allowance at ing seriously of eliminating "little man" billion deficit in the current fiscal year end­ all for his family size or needs-then takes t.ax loopholes such as the deduction for state gas taxes, medical insurance premiums, next June, and the government forced to another $10 from the same shrinking pay­ propose either a huge tax increase or a $50 check for Social Security taxes. and the like. Thus, the factory hand's earnings are Both Burke and House Majority Leader billion deficit for fiscal 1976 in order to meet Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., of Cambridge insist existing government obligations. raided for more in SS "contributions" than in withholding taxes, and his case is far that reforms of that nature don't have a President Nixon, who is scheduled to make ghost of a chance of being approved, that an economic address to the nation this week, from unusual-because more than half of ~he worl;:ing population of the nation is in what the Committee will very probably go must at least attempt to lay out the alterna­ the same undesirable fix. after are the tax breaks now enjoyed by Big tives to the people who elected him. Not by That is, in the eyes of many economists Business. complaining about congressional spending. and at least 133 Congressmen, a blatant But as important as it is to correct other But by beseeching the people and their rep­ and indefensible injustice, but up to now inequities, Burke said, measm·es to do that resentatives to work out a joint effort to do their fight to correct it has been a losing would be largely meaningless unless the So­ what has to be done. Just as it is no longer one. One of the leaders of that fight is Rep. cial Security tax is made fairer for all. unthinkable that a President may be im­ James A. Burke of Milton, who is second That, he insisted, is basic; it touches the peached, no longer unthinkable we may be only to Rep. Wilbur Mills of Arkansas in lives of all, and results in injustice whe1·e hit with an economic depression, it should the ranking of Democrats on the House none should exist. no longer be unthinkable that the federal Ways and Means Committee. Social Security is, in some ways, a good budget should be cut. Burke is one of the authors of a bill idea that time and events have caused to that would give low-income wage earners a turn a bit sour. cut of at least $136.50 a year in Social When it first became law in 1937, the tax Security taxes. rate was one percent of the first $3000 earned THE GREAT PAYCHECK RAID He wm:lld do that by reducing the rate of --or $30 a year. It stayed that way untH taxation now charged to employe and 1950, when people who had been middle­ employer alike from its present 5.85 per­ aged when the program began reached their HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON cent to 3 .90 percent. He would also force retirement years. Then the Social Security fund began to be OF l\IIASSACHUSETTS the government to pay one-third of the cost drained, and in order to keep it solvent both IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from general revenue, and he would extend the rate and the salary limits were gradually the maximum salary limit on which the tax Monday, July 29, 1974 can be charged from the current $13,200 to raised. In 1950, for example, the rate was $25,000. increased to 1.50 percent, and in the follow­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, to­ That way, Burke said, those in the lower ing year the maximum salary was jumped to day I would like to continue the series, pay bracket would get some tax relief, $3600. The Great Paycheck Raid, by Bill Dun­ those in the higher salary ranges would be As more and more people claimed benefits, cli:ffe of the Boston Herald-American, made to pay a fairer share of their income the bite that was taken out of paychecks bs­ with a fourth article describing the need to the SS fund, the burden of SS costs came ever greater, especially from 1960 to for reform of the social secmity financ­ would be borne in part by a government now. Fifteen years ago, three percent of the ing system. At present, the low- and that now contributes nothing to them­ first $4800 earned was taken, for a maximum and domestic industry would get a badly­ middle-income taxpayer must pay al­ contribution of $144 by the worker. His em­ needed boost in its constant battle against ployer threw in another $144, for a total most 6 percent of his or her wages in foreign competition. contribution of $288. social security taxes on top of all of the No less than 132 of Burke's colleagues In 1973 each was touched for $631.80--or thought enough of his idea to sign their other levies encountered daily. This per­ 5.85 percent of $10,800. This year's tab is son cannot bear it, and it is now getting names to it as co-sponsors-but despite his high position on Ways and Means he is $722.20, and unless something is done soon to the point where this system of financ­ still three ·or four votes short of what he there's no guarantee that by this time next ing from the payroll tax is itself becom­ needs to force that Committee to send his year Social Security won't be making an ing fiscally unsound. We must find a bill to the fioor for debate. even more damaging assault on the paychecks better way to finance the social security His hope now is wangle a change in of American workers than it does now. system, and it is to this end that my rules so that it can be placed before the "Anyone who earns $13,200 in 1974 will pay House as an amendment to some other $140.40 more than he did last year," Burke JAMES Massachusetts colleague, BuRKE, measure. If that ever happens, he said, said. "How long can wage earners a.c~ept a and at least 133 cosponsors are propos­ he's sure it will sail through with little or Social Security tax that is heavier for 50 per­ ing legislation to restructure the exist­ no trouble at all. cent of the work force than personal income ing system. But even if that unlikely series of taxes? July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25609 "For businessmen, reducing the employer's AGITATION AND EXPLOITATION OF NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE AMERICAN PENAL contribution to one-third instead of the pres­ PRISON ISSUES BY SUBVERSIVE SYSTEM AS A REVOLUTIONARY TARGET, FBI ent one-half would reduce his cost of c:oing ORGANIZATIONS ACADEMY, QUANTICO, VA., JUNE 19-21, 1974 business and make American goods more This Symposium was sponsored by the competitive abroad. And thousands of small FBI in response to a suggestion by the Com­ businessmen, some of them on the verge of HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD mittee on Internal Security of the House of bankruptcy, would be able to invest money OF MISSOURI Representatives (HCIS), which had studied in new machinery and production techniques the efforts of revolutionary groups to disrupt in an attempt to gain a competitive foothold. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prison systems. The HCIS report on its study "A three-way split of the payroll tax isn't Monday, July 29, 1974 entitled "Revolutionary Target: The Ameri­ an untried idea. Many European countries can Penal Syste·m," released on December 18, have used this system for years. And the use Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, the 1973 1973, stated the need for correctional officers of some general revenues instead of only the hearings by a subcommittee of the House to have available more information on payroll tax has been recommended at regular Committee on Internal Security with re­ revolutionary groups and recommended that intervals since Social Security began." spect to the exploitation of inmates of the FBI assist in this regard. In accordance Although Congress may fiddle and fumble American penal institutions by revolu­ with that recommendation, Director Clarence its way into 1975 without making up its mind M. Kelley of the FBI proposed this Sym­ on Social Security reform, there is growing tionary groups and organizations has had a widespread impact on law enforce­ posium. pressure for it outside of Washington. Approximately 100 correctional officers, Locally, Frank Manning of the Legislative ment and prison ofticials. primarily wardens, superintendents, senior Council for Older Americans is convinced In the committee's December 1973 re­ administrators, or their deputies, attended that criticism of the tax-though well found­ port entitled "Revolutionary Target: The this Symposium which opened on June 19, ed-unintentionally gives senior citizens a American Penal System" the committee 1974, at the Ji'BI Academy, Quantico, Virginia. bad rap. summed up its findings and recom­ In his opening remarks Director Kelley stated He maintained that they aren't the ones that the FBI intended to provide assistance primarily responsible for the drain on the mended, among other things, that the FBI and the U.S. Bureau of Prisons help to correctional officers whenever and wher­ SS Fund, since there are approximately 7,- ever such assistance was possible and appro­ 000,000 people under the age of 62 who are prison administrators become better in­ priate. collecting benefits. formed about revolutionary and subver­ Congressman Richard H. Ichord of Mis­ And because the payroll tax is now the only sive activities aimed at the prison popu­ souri, Chai.rman, HCIS, addressed the Sym­ source of SS money, he said, a large portion lation. posium on opening day. He discussed the of the public is escaping its obligation to I am pleased to report to this House work of HCIS generally, and particularly support the program. For that reason, he explained the investigation of HCIS into said, he believes Burke's bill is a good one that this recommendation was heeded, and the FBI has just recently concluded allegations that revolutionary groups are at­ and wants to see the government tap other tempting to disrupt the American penal tax sources for its proposed one-third contri­ a symposium for correctional officers at system. On the point of "issue exploitation" bution to the SS Fund. the FBI Academy based upon the find­ by revolutionaries, Chairman !chord recalled While Manning's prime concern is the ings and recommendations made by the .that the antiwar movement had previously senior citizen, Sen. Frederick w. Schlosstein, Internal Security Committee. The sub­ been used by persons "trying to drive a wedge Jr., (D) of Warren insists that the SS tax is committee which conducted the investi­ between the people and the government." doing a job on young taxpayers too. gation consisted of Congressmen MEN­ When the antiwar movement waned, prison Schlosstein is chairman of the Legisla­ reform was, Chairman Ichord said, a "ready­ ture's Committee on Taxation, and he is firm DEL DAVIS of South Carolina and TENNY· - soN GUYER of Ohio with myself as chair­ made issue for exploitation by revolutionary in his belief that changes must be made. groups." "The Social Security tax is the most man. The principal problems identified by HCIS sheltered one we have because everyone takes FBI Director Clarence M. Kelley has in its study were summarized by Chairman it for gr~nted," he said. "And it's probably very thoughtfully acknowledged the In­ !chord as those involving the influx of the one that is figuratively getting away with ternal Security Committee's contribu­ revolutionary literature into the prisons, murder. "I'm in my fifties now, and I've got five tion in a letter to me dated July 11, 1974, inflammatory correspondence between in­ kids. We find it tough to get by, but we man­ which is indeed both satisfying and en­ mates and known revolutionaries, and per­ age. If we were just starting out, I'd really couraging. Among other things he asserts sonal contacts with inmates by members of • be discouraged. revolutionary groups unde.r the guise of at­ that the FBI will assist correctional sys­ torney-client relationships. Basic to these, "A person who began paying the tax in '37 tems in the training of staff personnel and who retired last year didn't contribute Congressman !chord said, was the problem of regarding the activities of revolutionary educating correctional officers concerning more than $5200 to it. But take a young groups. I insert Director Kelley's letter worker today, either with a skilled trade or subversive activities. He emphasized that a college degree. in the RECORD together with an FBI sum­ HCIS by no means concluded that t>,ll prison "He's probably making at least $13,200 a mation of the symposium highlights. problems could be attributed to revolution­ year, and so he's being taxed for the full FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, aries and said, "All we are saying is that this amount of $722.20. At his age he can prob­ Washington, D.C., July 11, 1974. is just one in a whole sE'ries of problems con­ ably expect to be in the work force for at Ron. RICHARD H. !CHORD, nected with the work you do, but it is one least 30 years-and if the rate and the salary Chairman, House Committee on Internal Se­ which seems to have been neglected, possibly limits remain as they are now he will have curity, House of Representatives, Wash­ because it was outside the experience of most paid $21,166 into the Fund when he retires. ington, D.C. correctional officers." "But he could work longer than that and DEAR CONGRESSMAN !CHORD: With further On the afternoon of opening day, the Sym­ almost certainly the rate and/ or the maxi­ reference to our recent National Symposium posium was addressed by the Honorable mum taxable earnings will be raised-and so on the American Penal System as a Revolu­ Norman A. Carlson, Director, Federal Bureau he'll get hit for even more. Okay, it's true tionary Target, I am enclosing for your in­ of Prisons. Director Carlson noted in his ad­ that if he lives five or six years after retire­ formation a memorandum which sets forth dress the problem posed to prison author­ ment he'll get back whatever he paid in­ details of events at the Symposium. ities by self-styled "political prisoners," who but if he had been able to invest that kind As indicated in this memorandum, the are influenced by revolutionary groups out­ of money at eight percent, he'd get a lot Symposium was based on the excellent study side the prisons. Director Carlson stated that larger return on it. done by the Committee on Internal Secu­ only a very small percentage of the total "If I were young I don't know how I'd rity of the House of Representatives con­ inmate population becomes involved with look at this system. I think I'd get mighty cerning efforts by revolutionary groups to revolutionary groups, but this small per­ discouraged trying to plan my future. Some­ disrupt prison systems. Attendees at the centage of prisoners requires a tremendous thing has got to be done about it, because Symposium were in agreement with the rec­ and disproportionate investment of resource while we've lowered the federal income tax ommendation of your Committee that cor­ allocation from prison administrators. In re­ over the years we're still jacking up the SS rectional staffs should receive additional sponse to this problem prison administrators, rate that hits low-income people on the first training regarding the activities of revolu­ Director Carlson said, should assure that dollar earned and which doesn't take the tionary groups. I want you to know that the training is afforded correctional staffs so that number of their children, or other deduc­ FBI will assist correctional systems in this these staffs will understand what the revolu­ tions, into account. training. tionary agitators are trying to do. He noted "There has to be a change made so that We also intend to improve our liaison with further that prison authorities can always the income tax bears a bigger share of fi­ all correctional systems to the end that expect criticism. Rather than seeking ex­ nancing the Social Security program. We used mutual problems are better understood and cuses or placing blame for prison problems on to call it insurance but it isn't that at all; it's mutual assistance is more effective. agitators, the courts, or the press, he asked a tax on a social program, and if something Sincerely yours, that correctional officials increase contact isn't done it's going to get completely out of CLARENCE M. KELLEY, with the courts, the press, and the public hand." Director. at large, to explain the job and goals of cor- 25610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS J~~ly 29, 1974 rectional systems. There must also be, Direc­ the FBI intended to be of every possible as­ school segregation in Detroit, and that the tor Carlson said, a willingness to change sistance to correctional officials, consistent acts of the Board, as a subordinate entity policies and procedures when deficiencies are with the jurisdiction and capabll1ty of the of the State, were attributable to the State, found. FBI, and thanked all attending for thetr hard ordered the Board to submit Detroit-only Following Director Carlson, Warden John work and great interest in making the Sym­ desegregation plans. The court also ordered Norton of the Federal Correctional Institute posium a success. the state officials to submit desegregation in Danbury, Connecticut, and Warden Loren plans encompassing the three-county metro­ Daggitt <>f the United States Penitentiary at politan area, despite the fact that the 85 Leavenworth, Kansas, spoke on specific prob­ school districts in these three counties were lems of interest at their institutions relative HISTORIC SUPREME COURT DECI­ not parties to the action and there was no to the subject matter of the Symposium. SION VOIDS RACIAL BUSING PLAN claim that they had committed constitu­ Pr esentations were also made during the tional violations. Subsequently, the outly­ Symposium concerning prison problems by ing school districts were allowed to inter­ Correctional Sergeant William E. Hankins, HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO vene, but were not permitted to assert any California State Prison at San Quentin, Cali­ OF NEW YORK claim or defense on issues previously adjudi­ fornia, and by Detective Lieutenant Inspector cated or to reopen any issue previously de­ William A. Miller, Massachusetts State Po­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cided, but were allowed merely to advise the lice, who reported relevant results of in­ Monday, July 29, 1974 court as to the propriety of a metropolitan vestigation into protracted disturbances at plan and to submit any objections, modifica­ the Massachusetts Correctional Institute, Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. tions, or alternatives to any such plan. Walpole, Massachusetts. Speaker, last Thursday the Supreme Thereafter, the District Court ruled that it Extensive infornation was made available Court handed down an historic decision was proper to consider metropolitan plans, to members of the Symposium by represent­ in ringing support of the integrity of that a Detroit-only plan submitted by the atives of the FBI on the origin and tactics local school districts. In Milliken versus Board and respondents was inadequate to of urban guerrilla warfare, and on the his­ Bradley the court overturned a circuit accomplish desegregation, that therefore it tory and activities of a number of revolu­ would seek a solution beyond the limits of tionary and violence-prone groups which order that children in the Detroit metro­ tne Detroit school district and concluded have attempted to exploit the legitimate is­ politan area be bused in and out of the that "[s)chool district lines are simply mat­ sue of prison reform. Detailed information suburbs across school district lines for ters of political convenience and may not be was furnished to correctional officers on such purposes of desegregating the city used to deny constitutional rights." Without groups as the Black Liberation Army, the schools. No evidence had ever been having evidence that the suburban school Symblonese Liberation Army, the Black Pan­ presented to show that the suburban dis­ districts had committed acts of de jure seg­ ther Party, the Nation of Islam, the Weath­ tricts practiced segregation or that the regation, the court appointed a panel to sub­ erman, the Communist Party, USA, the Na­ mit a plan for the Detroit schools that would tional Lawyers Guild, and Trotskyist-Com­ school district lines had been drawn in a discriminatory manner. The court encompass an entire designated desegregation munist groups. Literature originating from area consisting of 53 of the 85 suburban these groups which was aimed at prison pop­ therefore insisted on the tradition of school districts plus Detroit, and ordered the ulation was identified and exhibited. In­ local control of the schools. Detroit Board to acquire at least 295 school stances were related where individual lead-· In addition, the Supreme Court noted buses to provide transportation under an in­ ers and members of some o! these organiza­ that the district court would have to be­ terim plan to be developed for the 1972-1973 tions had been convicted and committed to come first a legislative authority to solve school year. The Court of Appeals, affirming prison for crimes of violence. Such instances the operational, administrative and fi­ in part, held that the record supported the were of particular interest to members o! District Court's finding as to the constitu­ the Symposium since some inmates, previ­ nancing of the cross-district busing plan and then act as a school superintendent tional violations committed by the Detroit ously trained by outside revolutionary groups Board and the state officials; that therefore in tactics of disruption, have continued ef­ for the entire metropolitan area. The the District Court was authorized and re­ forts to employ these tactics inside the pris­ decision wisely held that judges are not quired to take effective measures to desegre­ ons. normally qualified to perform these gate the Detroit school system; and that a An evening session of the Symposium was roles. metropolitan area plan embracing the 53 devoted to workshops o! 10 to 12 partici­ In a similar case the court vacated a outlying districts was the only feasible solu­ pants each. Each workshop was concerned lower court order that the schools of tion and was within the District Court's with a separate question, such as the han­ equity powers. But the court remanded so dling by prison officials of revolutionary lit­ Louisville, Ky., be merged with those of the surrounding suburbs. that all suburban ~chool districts that might erature directed toward prison inmates, the be affected by a metropolitan remedy could question of casual relationship between I strongly support and applaud these be made parties and have an opportunity to words of incitement and action, additional far-reaching decisions of the court. For be heard as to the scope and implementation training of correctional staff, the handling the benefit of other Members of Congress of such a remedy, and vacated the order as of self-styled "political prisoners," and the and for the public at large, I include at to the bus acquisitions, subject to its reim­ development of intelligence information in this point in the RECORD the headnote position at an appropriate time. Held: The the prisons. On the final morning o! the prepared by the Reporter of Decisions of relief ordered by the District Court and af­ Symposium an elected representative of each firmed by the Court of Appeals was based workshop reported on the results of discus­ the Supreme Court which abstracts the case from the full 37-page decision: upon erroneous standards and was unsup­ sion on these questions. ported by record evidence that acts of the Among the conclusions and recommenda­ SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES outlying districts had any impact on the tions developed in the workshops were: A discrimination found to exist in the Detroit training program is necessary to enable cor­ JVllLLIKEN, GOVERNOR OF MICHIGAN, ET AL. schools. A federal court may not impose a rectional staffs to intelligently and effec­ VERSUS BRADLEY ET. AL. multi-district, areawide remedy for single­ tively cope with the challenge posed by rev­ CERliORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF district de jure school segregation violations, olutionary activists outside the prisons and .APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CffiCUIT where there is no :finding that the other their inmate allies inside. Coordination be­ No. 73- 434. Argued February 27, 1974- included school districts have failed to oper­ tween prison authorities and law enforce­ ate unitary school systems or have committed ment should be increased and maintained Decided July 25, 1974 1 Respondents brought this class action, al­ acts that effected segregation within the through regular liaison. Based on experi­ other districts, and there is no claim or find­ ence o! prison administrators, there is a defi­ leging that the Detroit public school system is racially segregated as a result of the official ing that the school district boundary lines nite casual relationship between words of were established with the purpose of foster­ incitement directed at inmates by revolu­ policies and actions of petitioner state and city officials, and seeking implementation of ing racial segregation, and where there is tionaries and subsequent riotous action by no meaningful opportunity for the included these inmates. Legal counsel trained in pris­ a plan to eliminate the segregation and es­ tablish a unitary nonracial school system. neighboring school districts to present evi­ on problems must be readily available to dence or be heard on the propriety of a prison administrators. A continuing public The District Court, after concluding that va­ multi-district remedy or on the question of relati;:,ns campaign is needed by prison sys­ rious acts by the petitioner Detroit Board o! constitutional violations by t hose districts. tems to better acquaint the public and Education had created and perpetuated Pp. 17-33. specifically bar associations, judges, cham­ (a) The District CO'urt erred in using as a bers of commerce, and civic groups with pris­ 1 Together with No. 73-435, Allen Park standard the declared objective of develop­ on procedures, problems, and achievements. Public Schools et al. v. Bradley et al., and No. ment of a metropolitan area plan which, up­ Mr. w. R. Wannall, Assistant Director of 73-436, Grosse Pointe Public School System on implementaticn, would leave "no school, the FBI, delivered closing remarks to the v. Bradley et al., also on certiorari to the same grade, or classroom ... substantially dis­ Symposium on June 21, 1974. He stated that court. proportionate to the overall pupil racial July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25611 composition" of the metropolitan area as RESOLUTIONS OF SONS OF opposes the construction of a new sea-level a whole. The clear import of Swann v. Board AMERICAN REVOLUTION canal and approves Senate Resolution 301 of Education, 402 U.S. 1, is that desegrega­ introduced by Senator Strom Thurmond and tion, ln the sense of dismantling a dual 34 additional Senators, to maintain and pre­ school system, does not require any par­ HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT serve the sovereign control of the United States over the Canal Zone. ticular racial balance. Pp. 20-21. OF FLORmA (b) While boundary lines may be bridged IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RESOLUTION NO. 2 tn circumstances where there has been a Whereas, the strength and stability of the­ constitutional violation call1ng for inter-dis­ Monday, July 29, 1974 economic and monetary system of the United trict relief, school district lines may not be States is vital to the defense of the country, casually ignored or treated as a mere admin­ Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, I am honored to be a member of the Sons of and Istrative convenience; substantial local con­ Whereas, the fiscal and monetary polici~s trol of public education in this country is a the American Revolution and am happy of the Congress and Administration, present deeply rooted tradition. Pp. 21-22. at their request to include herein the and past, have led to the devaluation of the (c) The inter-district remedy could exten­ resolutions passed by this organization at dollar, double digit infiation, and the current sively disrupt and alter the structure of its 84th annual congress at Baltimore, economic crisis in the United States, and public education in Michigan, since that Md.: Whereas, double digit inflation within is remedy would require, ln effect, consolida­ as great a threat, if not a greater threat, tion of 54 independent school districts his­ THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION to the liberty and freedom and well-being of torically administered as separate govern­ this country as the threat from our ene­ mental units into a vast new super school RESOLUTION NO. 1 mies without, and district, and, since, entirely apart from the Whereas, under the 1903 Treaty with Pan­ Whereas, the basic cause of the rampant logistical problems attending large-scale ama, the United States obtained the grant inflation is the deficit spending of the transportation of students, the consolida­ in perpetuity of the use, occupation and United States Congress, and tion would generate other problems in the control of the Canal Zone territory with all Whereas, under the Constitution of the administration, financing, and operation '>f sovereign rights, power and authority to the United States, Congress is charged with the this new school system. Pp. 22-23. entire exclusion of the exercise by Panama of responsibility for all federal appropriations, (d) From the scope of the inter-district any such sovereign rights, power, or author­ and plan itself, absent a complete restructuring ity as well as the ownership of all privately Whereas, it is the urgent duty of the of the Michigan school district laws, the Dis­ held land and property in the Zone by pur­ United States Congress to limit federal trict Court would become, first, a de facto chase from individual owners; and spending to the revenues of the Federal Gov­ "legislative authority" to resolve the com­ Whereas, the United States has an over­ ernment, plex operational problems involved and riding national security interest in main­ Now, therefore, be it resolved that the Na­ thereafter a "school superintendent'• for the taining undiluted control over the Canal tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ entire area, a task which few, if any, judges Zone and Panama Canal, and solemn obliga­ tion in its 84th Annual Congress assembled, are qualified to perform and one which tions under its treaties with Great Britain urges the Congress to balance the federal would deprive t:ae people of local control of and Colombia for the efficient operation of budget. schools through elected school boards. P. 24. the Canal; and (e) Before the boundaries of separate and RESOLUTION NO. 3 Whereas, the United States Government is Whereas, it was the national policy of the autonomous school districts may be set aside currently engaged in negotiations With the by consolidating the separate units for United States of America to intervene in Government of Panama to surrender United Vietnam and pre.vent a Communist takeover remedial purposes or by imposing a cross­ States sovereign rights to Panama both in district remedy, it must be first shown that of that country, and the Canal Zone and With respect to the Canal Whereas, it is the duty of every American there has been a constitutional violation itself without authorization of the Congress, within one district that produces a signif­ citizen to bear arms in support of the na­ which will diminish, if not absolutely tional policies of the United States, and icant segregative effect in another district; abrogate, the present U.S. treaty-based ,,e., specifically, it must be shown that racial­ sovereignty and ownership of the Zone; and Whereas, a citizen of the United States is ly discriminatory acts of the state or local Whereas, these negotiations are being called upon to share the burdens of citizen­ echool districts, or of a single school district ship in order to insure its benefits for all utilized by the U:nited States Government in citizens, and have been a substantial cause of inter-dis­ an effort to get Panama to grant an option trict segregation. P. 25. Whereas, 40,000 young Americans ~ed to for the construction of a "sea-level" canal foreign countries to evade the military ob­ (f) With no showing of significant viola­ eventually to replace the present canal, and tion by the 53 outlying school districts and ligations of United States citizenship, to authorize the major modernization of the Now, therefore, be it resolved that the Na­ no evidence of any inter-district violation existing canal, which project 1s already or effect, the District Court transcended the authorized under existing treaty provisions; tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ original theory of the case as framed by the and by the Panamanian government in an tion at its 84th Annual Congress assembled, pleadings, and mandated a metropolitan area attempt to gain sovereign control and juris­ is opposed to any granting of amnesty to remedy, the approval of which would lm):Jose diction over the Canal Zone and effective those who refused to bear arms for their on the outlying districts, not shown to have control over the operation of the Canal it­ country and instead, fled to foreign countries committed any constitutional violation, a self; and to evade their military obligations. standard not previously hinted at in any Whereas, similar concessional negotiations RESOLUTION NO. 4 holding of this Court. Pp. 25-26. by the United States in 1967 resulted in three Whereas, this country was founded by (g) Assuming arguendo, that the State draft treaties that were frustrated by the God-fearing men and women and conceived was derivatively responsible for Detroit's will of the Congress of the United States be­ in liberty, and segregated school conditions, tt does not fol­ cause they would have gravely weakened Whereas, men of all countries have been low that an inter-district remedy is consti­ United States control over the Canal and the moved by the eloquence and high spiritual tutionally justified or required, since there Canal Zone; and by the people of Panama qualities of the Declaration of Independence, has been virtually no showing that eitlfer because that country did not obtain full and the State or any of the 85 outlying districts control; and Whereas, the Bicentennial will be a focal engaged in any activity that had a cross­ Whereas, the American people have con­ point for a nation-wide review, and reaffirma­ di.>trict effect. Pp. 28-29. sistently opposed further concessions to any tion of the values upon which this Nation (h) An isolated instance of a possible seg­ Panamanian government that would further was founded, and regative effect as between two of the school weaken United States control over either the Whereas, all businesses and private citizens districts involved would not justify the Canal Zone or Canal; and should display the United States Flag daily broad metropolitan-wide remedy contem­ Whereas, many scientists have demon­ during daylight hours except during inclem­ plated, particularly since that remedy em­ strated the probability that the removal of ent weather, and braced 52 districts having no responsibility natural ecological barriers between the Pa­ Whereas, it is fitting for patriots to cele­ for the arrangement and potentially involved cific and Atlantic oceans entailed in the brate each Fourth of July with prayer, music, 503,000 pupils in addition to Detroit's 276,- opening of a sea-level canal could lead to fireworks and other expressions of joy and 000 pupils. Pp. 29-30. ecological hazards which the advocates of cheer, and 484 F. 2d 215, reversed and remanded. the sea-level canal have ignored in their Whereas, it is the duty of every citizen and Burger, c. J., delivered the opinion of the plans; and local community to take the initiative in Court, in which Stewart, Blackmun, Powell, Whereas, the Sons of the American Revolu­ planning a suitable commemoration of the and Rehnqutst, JJ., joined. Stewart, J., filed tion believes that treaties are solemn obli­ Bicentennial. a concurring opinion. Douglas, J., filed a dis­ gations binding on the parties and has con­ Now, therefore, be it resolved that the Na­ senting opinion. White, J ., filed a dissenting sistently opposed the abrogation, modifica:­ tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ opinion, rn which Douglas, Brennan, and tion or weakening of the Treaty of 1903; tion at its 84th Annual Congress assembled, Marshall, JJ., joined. Marshall, J., filed a Now, therefore, be it resolved that the Na­ urges its members and all citizens to fly dissenting opinion, in which Douglas, Bren­ tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ flags daily, to ring bells and blow automobile nan, and Whi'.-e, JJ., joined. tion in its 84th Annual Congress assembled, horns on the Fourth of July at a time to 25612 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 be set by each community as a suitable prel­ of 1972 without publlc hearings or proper DETENTE, HUMAN RIGHTS AND ude to the Bicentennial. consideration; and THE U.S.S.R. RESOLUTION NO. 5 Whereas, confidential medical records of every patient under any of the numerous Whereas, we believe the Federal Govern­ government-sponsored health care programs HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI ment has entered upon a movement t o elim­ will be open to PSRO inspectors; and inate basic rights and powers guaranteed to Whereas, "norms" set by the Department OF ILLINOIS the states by the lOth Amendment to the of Health, Education and Welfare, after ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Constitution, in particular the control of ed­ amination of all patient records, wlll change Monday, July 29, 1974 ucation and public schools, the control of the concept of health care, nullifying doctor­ land, the extension of jurisdiction of the patient privacy preventing full use of the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, a federal judiciary, the weakening o! state doctor's knowledge, experience and training; precise and quite challenging testimony crlm1nallaw enforcement by the imposition and of untenable federal standards that result in on detente and human rights in the Whereas, PSRO can overrule a doctor's de­ U.S.S.R. was delivered last week by Dr. interminable trials and sheer technicalities cision in prescribing, hospltalizaticm, or op­ that often show more concern !or the crim­ erating under penalty of fine and suspen­ Lev. E. Dobriansky of Georgetown Uni­ Inal than !or the innocent victim and the sion from medical practice; versity before the Subcommittees on In­ 1ong-au1fering public, to name a few, Now, therefore, be it resolved that the Na­ ternational Organizations and Move­ Now, therefore, be it resolved that the Na­ tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ ments and on Europe of the Committee tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ tion at its 84th Annual Congress assembled, on Foreign Affairs. The professor's anal­ tion at its 84th Annual Congress assembled, supports the adoption of H.R. 9375, or simi­ recommends that our state governors and ysis of detente in terms of the non-Rus­ lar resolutions, which would repeal the pro­ sian nations' problem in the U.S.S.R. and legislators resist these federal encroachments visions of the Social Security Act which vio­ upon state sovereignty and oppose the exten­ late the confidentiality of the doctor-patient his treatment of our prospective dilem­ alon of federal grants and Supreme Court de­ relationship which would be contrary to nu­ ma in our economic relations with Mos­ cisions. merous state statutes, contrary to profes­ cow deserve studied consideration by our RESOLUTION NO. 6 sional ethics, and which would lead to fed­ Members. Whereas, hostile foreign nations desire to eral control of meart of local school districts. The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights' 150,000-member International Confer­ Let me point out also, Mr. Speaker, report noted that in another sample sur­ ence of Police Associations. I respect­ that the bill mandates a study to be con­ vey used in the 1970 census: fully call to the attention of my col­ ducted by the National Institute of Edu­ All persons were asked "What language, leagues the letter I received last week cation, of the best means of allocating other than English, was spoken in the per­ from Robert D. Gordon, executive direc­ title I funds for disadvantaged young­ son's house when he (or she) was a chlld ?" Where there was an answer of Spanish for tor of this organization. The complete sters, as well, as for a White House Con­ either the household head or the wife, all text of his letter follows: ference on Education. I believe that these members of the current household were INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OJ' provisions will be seen as seminal with counted as members of the Spanish language POLICE ASSOCIATIONS, respect to the Federal role in education group regardless of whether, in !act, they Washington, D.C., Jul1J 24, 1794. in the years ahead. spoke Spanish. Hon. ALPHONZO BELL, But, Mr. Speaker, the bill to extend U.S. House of Representatives, the Elementary and Secondary Educa­ The report goes on to say: Washington, D.C. Clearly thts count is not an accurate DEAR CONGRESSMAN BELL: Please be advised tion Act will be landmark legislation for measure of the Spanish origin population that the International Conference of Police 7 million special children in our society. in the country. It included some persons who Associations, representing over 170 police as­ They are children who make up a sig­ did not consider themselves to be of Spanish sociations with a membership of over 150,000 nificant minority group many of whom origin, and it included a large number of police officers, unanimously endorses H.R. have been specifically denied the educa­ individuals whose mother tongue was not 15505. tional services they need, and, indeed, Spanish. Finally, even a tabulation of per­ Literally thousands of our members have some of whom have been denied any edu­ eons whose "mother tongue" ts Spanish ts not been forced to work extra time while pro­ a good substitute for a count o! persons tecting the President of the United States, cation at all. whose primary language is Spanish. A true Presidential candidates, diplomats and rep­ I refer, Mr. Speaker, to the 7 million count of those persons in the United States resentatives of Congress. While we realize youngsters in our society who suffer from whose primary language is Spanish is im­ that protection of the public and dignitaries physical, mental, or emotional handi­ portant to Federal, State, and local agencies 1s part of the pollee function, many of our caps. concerned with b111ngual/bicultural educa­ members perform this duty without com­ Fully 1 million of these children, Mr. tion programs and other services to the pensation or reimbursement from the vari­ Speaker, receive no education at all, and Spanish-speaking community and to the ous cities and states. This is due to the lack only 40 percent of them receive the spe­ Bureau of the Census, itself, in determining of available funds within their budgets. the need for billngual census forms. The You are to be commended for introducing cial services they need. 1970 census Spanish language count, how­ this legislation and we wlll urge our member Mr. Speaker, two provisions of H.R. 69 ever, does not fill this need. associations to contact their representatives will be particularly important to the to vote favorably for this legislation. handicapped. The Bureau of the Census undertakes Sincerely, First, title VI of part B of H.R. 69 ex­ work of a technical nature. It is essential ROBERT D. GORDON, tends the Education of the Handicapped for their reputation, as well as for those Executive Director. Act-Public Law 91-230-for 3 years. For who are not fam111ar with scientific fiscal year 1975, an authorization of ap­ methodology and place their trust in the proximately $630 million in State grant Bureau's accuracy, to not become insen­ programs for the education of handi­ sitive · to the misrepresentation of His­ THE IMPORTANCE TO HANDICAPPED capped children. panic people. Even today the Bureau has CHILDREN OF THE BILL, H.R. 69, That is an impressive increase, Mr. taken few affirmative steps to publicly TO EXTEND THE ELEMENTARY Speaker, over the $47.5 million being clarify the 1970 census· data on persons AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT spent in fiscal year 1974. of Spanish-speaking background and ex­ Before my colleagues question if such plain its numerical subtleties in method­ an increase is justified, let me assure ology, data collection, and many inde­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS them that it is. pendent reports and surveys. OF INDIANA The conferees were persuaded to ap­ The experience of the ·1970 census IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prove such a large increase for several must not be repeated. Federal agencies, Monday, July 29, 1974 reasons. State, and local governments, private First, we were mindful of the shocking organizations, and individuals use the Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I rise statistics to which I have already re­ census count for important decisions, in­ to urge my colleagues to give their un­ ferred: Fully 60 percent of the handi­ cluding the protection of voting rights, equivocal support to the conference re­ capped youngsters in our society are not the administration of Federal and other port on the bill extending the Elemen­ receiving the educational services they public social programs, and the assur­ tary and Secondary Education Act, H.R. need. ance of equal employment ·opportunity. 69, upon which we will be voting on Second, it costs, on the average, twice And indeed, for another equally impor­ Wednesday. as much to educate a handicapped child tant reason, the undercounting of Span­ I do so, Mr. Speaker, because I am con­ as it does to educate a nonhandicapped ish-speaking people should not become fident that this measure will be seen, in child. a perpetuating disregard for minorities, the years ahead, to be landmark legis­ Third, court decisions all across the which is unfortunately characteristic of lation for education in our society. Clear­ land have held in the last 2 years that so many · public institutions in this ly the other body agreed with that as­ handicapped children are entitled to the country. sessment Mr. Speaker, when it approved special educational services they need. the conference report on H.R. 69 by the Mr. Speaker, obviously the States will overwhelming vote of 81 to 15 last week. require assistance in order to implement POLICE ASSOCIATION ENDORSES Let me touch briefly, Mr. Speaker, on the court decrees. BELL BILL the major provisions of the bill, before So in order to help the States imple­ turning my attention to the importance ment these court orders, Mr. Speaker, of this measure to the 7 mil11on handi­ the conferees have prudently decided on HON. ALPHONZO BELL capped children in the United States. a large 1-year increase in funding for OF CALIFORNIA First, I must point out that H.R. 69 special education. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reaffirms the Federal committment to Mr. Speaker, the second provision con­ equalizing educational opportunity for Monday, .July 29, 1974 tained in H.R. 69 which means a great what we might term the "vulnerable'' deal to the handicapped children of Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, the wide­ among our young children-the poor, the America, extends Public Law 89-313, spread response to my bill H.R. 15505, disabled, and the handicapped pre­ which amended title I of the Elementary which would reimburse local police agen­ schooler. · and Secondary Education Act to provide cies for assistance provided at the re­ The bill provides, as well, for a signifi­ grants for State agencies serving handi­ quest of the U.S. Secret Service, con­ cant consolidation program, to be phased capped children in State supported or tinues to grow, pointing to the need for in over several years, which will, we hope, State operated institutions. 25616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974

EDUCATION OJ' THE HANDICAPPED ACT Recruitment and information services It was the intent of Congress when Mr~ Speaker, let me say just a word under part D, which received $500,000 in considering this legislation in 1966 and about the importance of each of these fiscal 1973 unfortunately received no in 1970 that the Bureau of Education for programs for the handicapped chtldren funds in flscal1974. the Handicapped serve as a focal point of America. The 1970 amendments also expanded for handicapped youngsters within the In 1966, Mr. Spea.ker, Congress recog­ research into education of the handi­ Office of Education. The Associate Com­ nized the special needs of America's then capped and, last year, $9,916,000 were missioner directing the Bureau, Mr. 5.5 million handicapped children and spent for this purpose. Speaker, was intended to be involved in added a new title VI to the Elementary I should tell my colleagues as well that the highest policy decisions in the Office and Secondary Education Act which 1n 1974 we spent $13 million for media of Education affecting the handicapped. provided a program of grants to States services and captioned films to make Yet althoilgh the Bureau of Educa­ for the education of handicapped chil­ available video, tapes, records, and cap­ tion for the Handicapped has been cited dren, established a National Advisory tioned films to the handicapped under repeatedly to the Committee on Edu­ Committee on Handicapped Children, part F of the Education of the Handi­ cation and Labor as showing leader­ and created within the Office of Educa­ capped Act. ship and effective administration with tion a Bureau of Education for the Hand­ Finally, under part G of the act, $3,- respect to improving the lives of handi­ icapped. 250,000 were spent to provide for chil­ capped children, I regret to tell my col­ In 1970, Mr. Speaker, Congress, real­ dren with special learning disabilities. leagues that the administration, defying izing that handicapped children deserved Part G now assists 8,500 children di­ the intent of Congress, has gradually greater visibility in the Federal legisla­ rectly, and possibly another 58,000 chil­ weakened the strength of the Bureau. tive process, repealed title VI effective dren with special learning disabilities I recall in this respect, Mr. Speaker, July 1, 1971, and created a separate Edu­ receive education benefits through the that our distinguished former colleague cation of the Handicapped Act. impact of teacher training, curriculum who is now a Member of the other body, PROVISIONS OP THE 1970 EDUCATION OF THE development, and other programs. the gentleman from South Dakota, Hon. HANDICAPPED ACT AUTHORIZATION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE JAMES ABOUREZK, earlier this year com­ The 1970 act, Mr. Speaker, continued ~DICAPPED ACT mented upon what he termed "Operation to provide for the Bureau of Education We are speaking then, Mr. Speaker, of Mangle" now being conducted by the for the Handicapped and for the National an act which provided over $152 million administration. Advisory Committee on Handicapped in fiscal 1974 for a wide variety of pro­ And he meant to imply by this color­ Children. grams and services to better the lives of ful term that the current administra­ And it continued, as well, the authori­ handicapped children. tion appears to be intent on mangling zation of grants to States and outlying But, Mr. Speaker, because the major­ good programs by suffocating them in areas to assist them initiating, expand­ ity of handicapped youngsters are not redtape, regionalization, and, if all else ing, and improving programs for the receiving the services they need, and be­ fails, bureaucratic reorganization. cause the courts are increasingly ruling And the Bureau of Education for the education of handicapped children. Handicapped appears to be a case in But I want to speak briefly of other that handicapped children are entitled programs to better the services available to appropriate educational services, the point. for the education of disabled children conferees agreed that much more needs For, notwithstanding the excellent funded under the Education of the to be done. record of this Bureau, the administra­ Handicapped Act. Therefore, for fiscal 1975 only, the tion attempted to interpose a layer of bureaucracy between the Commissioner Part C authorizes grants for regional conferees have agreed to change the for­ mula by which assistance grants to the of Education and the Associate Commis­ resource centers, centers for deaf-blind States under part B of the act are made. sioner for Education of the Handicapped. children, experimental preschool and In place of the existing allotment for­ and, consequently, removed the Bureau early education programs, as well as re­ of Education for the Handicapped from search, innovation, and training and dis­ mula, Mr. Speaker, the conferees agreed that in 1975 alone, the formula would the top policymaking level of the Office semination with respect to these activi­ be based on an entitlement grant to each of Education. ties. State of $8.75 per child between the ages The Committee on Education and In fiscal 1974, $7,243,000 were spent of 3 and 21. Labor, Mr. Speaker, has insisted that for regional resource centers under part Our estimates indicate that this en­ the original design for the Bureau of C and approximately 40,000 handicapped titlement approach would make avail­ Education for the Handicapped remain children received comprehensive services able in fiscal 197·5 $630 million to States intact; namely, that the principal of­ from the centers which also provided for the education of handicapped chil­ ficer of the Bureau report directly to train!ng to 200 State education agency dren. We hope, in particular, Mr. Speak­ the Commissioner of Education without personnel and 6,000 local education er, that these moneys will enable States, interference. agency personnel. which are required by State law or State That is why Mr. Speaker, the con­ In addition, Mr. Speaker, under part constitutions to provide full educational ferees on H.R. 69 have agreed to create C, $14,795,000 will be spent in fiscal 1974 opportunities to the handicapped, to a new Deputy Commissioner to direct the on deaf-blind children, and $12 million make greater progress in complying with Bw·eau of Education for the Handi­ will be spent on early childhood educa­ such requirements in order to meet cow't capped-a Deputy Commissioner dh·ectly tion. orders, or to avoid possible litigation. responsible to the Commissioner of Edu­ Indeed I should tell my colleagues that In 1976 and 1977, Mr. Speaker, the cation. approximately 3,500 deaf-blind children existing allotment formula would be TITLE I "SETASIDE" FOR THE HANDICAPPED and 3,000 of their parents are receiving continued with appropriations author­ Mr. Speaker, let me now turn my at­ assistance under these provisions, and ized of $100 million and $110 million, tention to another program continued that an estimated 7,500,000 other chil­ respectively. by H.R. 69 which also means a great dren have received since 1970 compre­ BUREAU OF EDUCATION FOR THE HANDICAPPED deal for the education of handicapped hensive services early in their childhood Let me say just a word. too, Mr. children. years under part C. Speaker, about a problem which dis­ I refer, Mr. Speaker, to what Is com­ Mr. Speaker, the Education of the tressed the members of the Committee monly termed the "Title I Setaside for Handicapped Act also authorized under on Education and Labor, as well a.s the the Handicapped" in the Elementary and part D grants to institutions of higher Senate conferees, with respect to the Secondary Education Act. education for the recruitment and train­ implementation of the Education of the As you know, Mr. Speaker, Public Law ing of special education personnel, in­ Handicapped Act. 89-313,. enacted in 1965, extended title 1 cluding physical education personnel; I 1·efer, Mr. Speaker, to the fact that authority to include handicapped chil­ $42,400,000 was spent for the man­ the Bureau of Education for the Handi­ dren attending State-supported schools. power training provisions of part D in capped, first created in 1966, and headed And the 89th Congress took that ac­ 1974 to support 6,300 students full time, by an Associate Commissioner of Edu­ tion, Mr. Speaker, because we realized 19,500 part time, and possibly another cation, has been downgraded within the that, although the Education of the 56,700 students indirectly. Office of Education. Handicapped Act and title I did an ex- July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25617 cellent job of providing financial support It provides, also, for a study of the again on the day they left, they were so for disadvantaged and handicapped best means of allocating title I funds for happy that they came that I also felt happy children attending local schools-which disadvantaged youngsters, as well as for a !or them. On my fifth day I met a beautiful Bras1lian received the title I moneys-that title I White House Conference on Education. lady who spoke with a charming English ac­ funds were not, as the law was originally But in stressing today, Mr. Speaker, cent. She was 54 years old and I spent much written, available for handicapped chil­ the provisions to assist handicapped of my time with her; and she admitted that dren attending State-supported institu­ youngsters contained in H.R. 69, I do so her arthritis in the neck is so much better, tions. because only 40 percent of the 7 million so definitely improved that she hoped it The 90th Congress, Mr. Speaker, went handicapped children in America are re­ would be cured completely. Her greatest wish a step further and approved a perfecting ceiving the special educational services was to remain looking young and beautiful. they need. On my sixth day I met one of the most amendment under Public Law 90-247 charming and interesting American couples which guaranteed the full funding of the Surely, Mr. Speaker, it is time the Fed­ I ever met. They were from New Jersey­ earlier provisions of Public Law 89-313. eral Government helped make good for he was a professor at Princeton before his And we took that action because we handicapped children the rich promise retirement. Even though he was 66 years old, knew that it costs far more to provide of the American dream: that each in­ his vitality was that o! a man of 40 years. educational services to those children so dividual will be able to achieve to the He lived, and I mean really lived. He was the severely handicapped that local educa­ full extent of his or her abilities. first on the dance fioor-everybody joined us tional agencies are often unable to meet Because H.R. 69 will help us make that in dancing. The Polish tourists kissed us and dream a reality, I urge my colleagues the Rumanians cheered us, this was my best their needs, than it does to educate a to day and night in Bucharest. handicapped or nonhandicapped child join with me in enthusiastically support­ On my seventh day I met one o! the most attending a local school. ing the conference report on H.R. 69 distinguished and travelled gentleman with Mr. Speaker, H.R. 69 continues the when it comes before us for adoption. a great yearning for youth. He was a former full setaside for handicapped children professor at Harvard University and had in State-operated or State-supported travelled all over the world. He told me that schools, which the 89th, and then the the treatments have improved his vitality 90th, Congress endorsed. A TRAVEL REPORT BY KATHE considerably and he is no longer so tired as WHITE he used to be. He was 60 years old. Mr. Speaker, let me remind my col­ On my 8th day I finally was able to get leagues that we are discussing the fund­ more frequently together with my New York ing of programs for those children with friends-a businessman and his wife who the most severe and tragic physical, HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL also seemed by now more alive than in the mental, and emotional problems. OF VmGINIA earlier days of their arrival. Ann was one of And the educational services required IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the first to be able to do her own injections; and we were all very proud of her. They are, by these children do not always focus on Monday, July 29, 1974 reading, writing and arithmetic. I believe, in their early sixties. In some instances, the services require, Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. By now time seemed to fiy and we formed Speaker, at the request of Kathe E. so our little "Bucharest group" to go on ex­ first, that the child be taught to speak. cursions. The ballet "Sleeping Beauty" per­ In others, he must be taught to walk, White, of Arlington, Va., and under formed at the Opera was an outstanding or to bathe himself. leave to extend my remarks, I insert the performance. The Opera is one of the most Mr. Speaker, these kinds of programs following report into the REcORD: beautiful buildings in Bucharest and should require enormous expense, frequently HOTEL NORD--BUCARESTI be visited, if at all possible. involving costly equipment and one-to­ (A travel report by Kathe White) On my ninth day I met a 71-year old lady from New York City who is on Medicare. I one teacher-student ratios. Here we were-all sorts or people-thrown asked her whether she felt better now after Indeed, the Bureau of Education for together from all over the world, speaking some of the Gerovitol treatments and she the Handicapped, Mr. Speaker, esti­ in all tongues. I must say even though upon told me, "Yes, because all my headaches are mates that it costs at least $2,000 annu­ arrival, the Hotel Nord appeared to be a gone." ally provide the services these chil­ center of confusion; the personnel managed to very well to answer all questions in so many The rest of the six days were flying, and dren need. languages. Most of us were there to receive all of us felt better and better every day. And some States are reporting ex­ the famous Gerovitol treatment which seems We were instructed how to do our own in­ penditures as high as $6,000. to be the hopes and dreams of health and jections and most of us succeeded. The Ru­ Mr. Speaker, reasonable men may dif­ youth fo·r all mankind. manian medical team was very happy when fer in how best to provide funding for On my first day I met a New Yorker, re­ we were able to do it and told us, "Now your those children with the most severe tired, 75 years old. He used to be a longshore­ coming, here, was successful." handicaps in State-supported institu­ man. He told me that he is on Social Security Everyday now one of my new friends had and that this is his fourth time receiving to depart for a new destination. I enjoyed tions. the Gerovi tol injections. He looked amazing­ seeing those shining eyes with so much hap­ The committee has stressed its convic­ ly young and vital and said the Gerovitol piness telling me, "Oh, I am so glad I came tion that Public Laws 89-313 and 90- had changed his life. He was an alcoholic and and stayed all these 15 days-it was an un­ 247 have well and effectively served chil­ on drugs and had cured himself completely. forgettable experience." dren and parents, as well as State and On my second day I was happy to meet Federal governments. a California medical doctor and his charming Let us not now abandon this program wife who suffered from arthritis. I believe to assist the mentally retarded and other they were both in their siXties. After a few IMPEACHMENT ON TV treatments she found her fingers no longer severely handicapped children in State swollen and could remove her rings which institutions. she was unable to do !or the last ten year. HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN It is a well-conceived program en­ She said that she gave all her jewelry away. OF n.LINOIS dorsed by our predecessors in· both the On my third day I met a charming Ameri­ 89th and the 90th Congresses. can professor and his equally charming wife IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is a program that we in the 93d (Unlv. of Michigan), now retired. He was Monday, July 29, 1974 should support. probably 70 years of age and she looked like in her sixties. We had a few wonderful days Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, we are LANDMARK LEGISLATION together and both told me that some of all becoming involved in the impeach­ Mr. Speaker, to reiterate, passage of their ailments are definitely improved. ment issue. We are aware of the views of H.R. 69 will be seen in the years ahead Arthritis seems to be a major medical prob­ the Judiciary Committee members be­ as landmark legislation. lem as we are getting on in years. cause of the television coverage. The H.R. 69 reaffirms the Federal commit­ On my fourth day I met a charming Ameri­ charges against the President will be ment to equalizing education opportunity can couple: (Husband was almost totally made more clear to all television view­ for poor and other "vulnerable" children. blind.) He was probably in his early seven­ ties and she in her early fifties. He person­ ers. For the interest of my colleagues I It provides for a significant consolida­ ally told me that now after almost complet­ wish to insert the following articles from tion program to make easier the obtain­ ing his 15-day treatments he can see a. the Chicago Tribune and Wall Street ing of Federal funds on the part of local shadow of me. His wife had learned to give Journal in the RECORD. school districts. him the injections; and when I met them The articles follow: 2;)618 - • r I• EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 tFrom the Chicago Tribune, July 24, 1974] Other issues seem to be increasing in im­ istrative and support functions. Com­ "TELEVISING IMPEACHMENT portance. The matter of the President's taxes pared to many of our allies and our passed rather quickly from the forefront of Starting today, the impeachment proceed­ adversaries the U.S. military has had too attention when he said he would abide by too i:lgs before the House Judiciary Committee the IRS ruling. Rather too quickly, we much tail and little teeth. v<. lll be open to live television coverage. We thought; how many people know that the Secretary of Defense Schlesinger and \·;elcome the move. gift of Franklin D. Roosevelt's public papers Army Chief of Staff Abrams have begun The proceedings-particularly the debate an impressive program to reverse this 1:\ter this week and the vote expected next was adjudicated in a case strikingly similar week-e.re as vital a business as has ever to Mr. Nixon's, and that the verdict upheld trend. Both Dr. Schlesinger and Gen· come before any congressional committee in the validity of the gift? Perhaps this wlll now eral Abrams are trying to strengthen our history. The committee members will be be debated at further length, since Mr. Doa.r our tooth and shorten our tail. Although making their decisions [we hope) on the includes tax fraud in his list of charges. I have been very very critical of our The heart of the debate will probably basts of the evidence and their own Judg­ Military Establishment for a variety of ment. But as this 1s a majority-rule, repre­ consist of three matters, the Watergate cover-up, abuse of the IRS and other gov­ reasons on a number of occasions, I be.; sentative democracy, the influence of public lieve Dr. Schlesinger and General opinlon will be greatly felt. ernment agencies and contempt of Congress The publlc must have the fullest possible in refusing to honor subpoenas. In each case Abrams should be praised for their ef­ access to what 1s going on. The television there is much for which Mr. Nixon and his forts. newscasts are inherently superficial, there Is administration can be called to account. The As an incentive to reduce our tall-to­ no substitute for live, continuous coverage question before Congress 1s whether the tooth ratio the military service when lf the publlc 1s to be fully aware of what ls offenses are great enough, and clear enough, they cut support activities by one man, transpiring. to call for the ultimate sanction of Impeach­ ment and conviction. are allowed to retain a billet for a com· The danger in television coverage 1s that bat position. In fiscal year 1975 the committee members may yield to the tempta­ Our understanding of an impeachable tion to debase the proceedings with election­ offense ls that while it need not be specifi­ Army will create three brigades of nine year rhetoric and grandstand plays to the cally criminal it must be a serious wrong maneuver bat-talions, five artillery bat­ cameraa. As lt is, each of the 38 committee that subverts the governmental process. We talions, and two ranger battalions by members 1s to be given 15 minutes in which would look askance at an impeachment on reducing support troops. Army combat to make a political speech-a presentation the procedural grounds of contempt of Con­ forces are being increased by 5,900 men which we fear could resemble the endless gress when Congress 1s refusing to ask while other force including an auxiliary platform hearings that so tediously pro­ help from the courts in enforcing its sub­ poenas. But usir.g the tax system to harass force and support troops are being re­ longed the sessions of the 1972 Democratic duced by a like number. In order to convention. opponents or obstructing justice in a sub­ The members can contribute to the dignity stantial case seem to us perfect examples of achieve its goal of increasing combat of the hearings by confining their remarks to what an impeachable offense ought to be, strength the Army later this year will these allotted periods and restrain them­ though of course the charges must be clear­ reduce its support and auxiliary troops selves at all other times. The broadcast media ly proved. by an addition of 2,600 or a total of can do the same by making the telecasts as The danger at this stage is that the com­ 8,500 men this fiscal year. non-commercial a.s possible and keeping mittee and the House will not really do their Eventually, the Army hopes to increase them free of the show biz that has in­ job of narrowing the issues. For all the sor­ truded upon conventions and congressional didness in the presidential transcripts, when its combat troops strength of 13¥3 divi­ hearings in the past. the issues are forced into a narrow legalistic sions to 16 divisions without reducing its If conducted responsibly, this television framework it is not easy to prove clearly total manpower strength of 785,000. Tllis coverage can make a valuable contribution to that Mr. Nixon 1s guUty of anything spe­ conversion of support and auxiliary the public's understanding of the impeach­ cific. The evidence remains circ1lmstantial. troops into combat troops is precisely ment issue and assist ln the orderly resolu· This will create the temptation for the com­ the kind of action that many critics of tion of it. It should certainly be extended to mittee to broaden the issue rather than the Pentagon have been urging for many all impeachment proceedings on the House narrow it, to advocate impeachment not for years. Reducing auxiliary and support fioor 1! the committee recommends 1n favor specific offenses but for an unsavory atmos­ of Impeachment. phere. troops is an excellent way to cut fat in Removing a President on such grounds, it the defense budget. At the same time (From the Wall Street Journal, July 24, 1974] seems to us, would be the gravest possible we are making our forces "leaner and DEFINING THE CHARGES damage to our political system that could meaner" by increasing the number of possibly come out of Watergate. The extraor­ With the start of the House Judiciary combat troops in relationship to support dinary stability of the .American political troops. Committee's televised debates today, we wlll system is an invaluable asset to the nation arrive at a crucial stage of the impeachment and the world, and surely this stability ls ·at In addition, the Army plans to reduce proceedings, the narrowing and defining of stake in any Impeachment. Surely it 1s rooted the number of general officers by 24 be­ charges. After the committee has framed a in the principle of fixed terms, and in the tween fiscal year 1974 and fiscal year definite set of charges to put before the instinct that the verdict of the last election 1975. House and perhaps ultimately the Senate, should not be lightly set aside. These prin­ Mr. Speaker, Secretary Schlesinger the debate over impeachment can begin to ciples would be undermined, and the system and General Abrams have taken an im­ focus. decisively changed, if a President 1s im­ portant first step. But, much more needs Even in ordinary criminal law, one of the peached on vague grounds such as failing to to be done~ I hope that the other Sen·1ces textbook functions of a grand jury is to as­ faithfully execute hiS omce. will follow their example and that the sist the defense by giving notice of what The debate starting today is important charges to defend against. It's almost Impos­ not only in helping to decide Mr. Nixon's Army will continue to find ways of re­ sible, after all, to construct a legal defense fate, but even more so in establishing a prec­ ducing unnecessary and extremely costly until you know the nature of the crime with edent about what circumstances call for central support and auxiliary troops which you are charged. the removal of a duly-elected President. The converting those troops into combat Mr. Nixon has certainly suffered from thls committee needs to narrow and sharpen the ready forces able to defend the country. problem 1n the swirl of the 1mpeachment charges not only in fairness to the current debate. Every time he would try to refute one This kind of program eliminates fat 1n President, but even more importantly, so that · the defense budget and ultimately will charge, he would be met not with a head-on future Presidents will know by what stand­ confrontation over that charge, but another ard their conduct will be judged. enable us to defend the Nation more charge from another direction. The President efficiently and at a much lower cost. probably had much of this coming, but the process did little to deepen public under­ standing of any of the issues. ASPIN PRAISES PENTAGON Now the list of charges has already begun MEDICAL DOCTORS to sort itself out. The impoundment of con­ gressional appropriations and the bombing HON. LES ASPIN of Cambodia were omitted from Committee OF WISCONSIN HON. ROBERT PRICE counsel John Doar's summary of charges; OF TEXAS after all, the public had occasion to redress I~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES either of these offenses ln the 1972 election. Monday, July 29, 1974 A hard look at the evidence on the ITT and Monday, July 29, 1974 Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, for too many milk fund cases, as Carol H. Falk and Jerry Mr. PRICE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, to­ Landauer reported in this newspaper Mon­ years the Pentagon was been top heavY with too many high-ranking officers and day I am introducing legislation which day, discloses a lot of motives other than would provide a tax incentive fer phy· bribery for the governmental decisions. too many individuals devoted to admin- July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25619 slcians, dentists, and optometrists to lieve that this "voluntary" system is per­ bring the various solar technologies establish their practices in areas which haps the best incentive to encourage to commercial development as rapidly as have a shortage of health professionals. physicians into shortage areas as op­ technical barriers to commercialization. Over the years our Nation has been posed to any law which might require We must also insure speedy dissemina­ making significant advances toward cor­ new doctors to locate practices in such tion of research results. recting the general shortage of health ·areas. . The success of such a program depends manpower. However, we have been far m large part on how effectively it is man- less successful in our efforts to correct SOLAR E aged. Tasks must be allocated so as to the maldistribution factor. The inequity NERGY RESEARCH, DEVEL- make optimum use of available expertise in the distribution of professional health ~~~~· ~ DEMONSTRATION and to avoid duplication of effort. A sin- manpower is one of the most serious 19 gle management body should be able to problems confronting the Nation's health oversee the whole program in all of its care delivery system. The following facts HON. MIKE McCORMACK stages so as to coordinate parallel activi­ are an indication of the general situa­ ties and provide management continuity tion-the national average of non-Fed­ OF WASHINGTON from initial research through to the dem­ eral dentists per 100,000 population is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES onstration phase. 47, but New York State's ratio is 68 to Monday, July 29, 1974 Until now, Federal research activities 100,000 while in Texas the ratio is 37 Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I in solar energy have been limited in to 100,000. However, my greatest concern want to take this opportunity to an­ scope and have not been well integrated. is for communities which have few, if nounce that 27 members of the Science We have had no organizational or pro­ indeed any, medical doctors, dentists, or and Astronautics Committee have joined gram capability to allow us to move to optometrists practicing. Chairman TEAGUE and me in sponsoring the commercial demonstration stage. There are eight counties in the con­ H.R. 15612, the Solar Energy Research, Several agencies have undertaken modest gressional district I represent which have research activities, but there has been in­ no medlcal doctor practicing within it. Development and Demonstration Act of .1974. adequate interagency coordination and These eight are among 24 such counties long-range planning to guide these ef­ in Texas. In addition, there are 11 coun­ This is the third energy research, de­ velopment and demonstration bill that for~. This has been the case in rapid ties in the 13th District with no dentist. stndes by the National Science Founda­ The counties with no medical doctor the committee has submitted to the Con­ gress for enactment this year. The first tion in its role as the lead Federal agency are as follows: Briscoe, Carson Hartley for the support of solar energy R. & D. King, Lipscomb, Oldham, Roberts and was the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974, and the sec­ H.R. 15612, the Solar Energy Research, Sherman. Archer, Armstrong, Briscoe, Development, and Demonstration Act of Dickens, Foard, Hartley, King, Lipscomb, ond was the Geothermal Energy Re­ search, Development and Demonstration 1974, will provide the long-range man­ Motley, Oldham and Roberts have no agement coordination which we urgently dentist. Act of 1974. Both of these bills are in conference. ~eed. It sets up a solar energy coordina­ New doctors prepared to begin prac­ tion and management project to direct tice tend to select locations where their Our third bill, H.R. 15612, would estab­ lish a management project for long range a~l Federal solar energy work until such work loads will be manageable, where tune as a comprehensive Federal energy there will be good medical support serv­ resea1·ch, development and demonstra­ tion in all aspects of solar energy includ­ research, development, and demonstra­ ices, where they will be able to special­ tion agency may be established. ize and where they can expect to earn a ing: The direct use of solar h~at· the conversion of solar heat to electricity· At that time, the functions of the proj­ good income. The prospect of being the ect would be transferred to the new only doctor in the county; where a gen­ the direct conversion of sunlight to elec: tricity, photovoltaics; the use of wind and agency, and the management interac­ eral practice is required often without tions initiated by the project would serve full nursing assistance, and where long ocean thermal gradients, both indirect forms of solar energy; to generate elec­ as a firm basis for the new agency's re­ hours and low income can be expected sponsibilities in the solar field. often tends to discourage doctors fro~ tricity, photosynthesis, and other bio­ conversion processes, those which pro­ '!h_e project ~s designed to draw upon locating in rural areas. ex1stmg expertise and yet be independ­ duce fu~ls. direc~ly from solar energy; If we are going to deal with the mal­ ent o~ the special interests of individual distribution of doctors, we are going to and the mcmerat10n of organic materials to produce fuels or electricity. agenCies. Its composition, moreover re­ have to offer new doctors, or doctors flects the importance of both rese~rch willing to move their practice, some real Companion legislation for H.R. 15612 has been sponsored in the Senate by Sen­ and rapid commercialization. The chair­ incentives to encourage them to locate in ~an of the project will be the Admin­ shortage areas where the prospect will ator HuMPHREY and cosponsored by many other Members of that body. Tech­ Istrator of the Federal Energy Admin­ be long hours, often at low pay, because istration, and other members will be as they will be the only medical doctor in nical hearings on H.R. 15612 have al­ ready been completed. It is anticipated follows: An Assistant Director of the Na­ the area, and with little if any nursing tional Science Foundation, an Assistant or paramedical assistance. that hearings on administrative portions of the bill will be completed by August 1, Secretary of Housing and Urban Devel­ The legislation I am introducing to­ opmen~. ~ member of the Federal Power day would provide that incentive. My and that mark-up will come soon there­ after. This is just one more example of Commission, an Associate Administrator legislation would empower the Secretary of the National Aeronautics and Space of Health, Education, and Welfare to the Congress taking the initiative to create positive realistic programs and Administration, and the General Man­ designate "physician shortage" areas in ager of the Atomic Energy Commission which doctors, as well as dentists and polici.es to help solve the energy crisis. This congressional initiative-to enact NSF, NASA, and AEC are selected be~ optometrists, would be offered incentives ?ause th~e three agencies are currently to locate practices. The incentives would specific legislation in areas which have not been adequately considered-is work­ mvolved m solar energy research. HUD take the form of Federal income tax and the FP~ are the Federal agencies deductions-up to $20,000 the first year ing well, and we are proud of our accom­ plishments. If a Federal agency is estab­ concerned w1th the two main commercial if the doctor earned that much income. uses .or end products of solar energy: The maximum allowable deductions lished to coordinate energy-related re­ search, development and demonstration Heatmg. and cooling of buildings and the would decline over a 5-year period: productiOn of electricity and synthetic $15,000 the second year, $10,000 the the management project established ~ fuels. third, $7,500 the fourth and $5,000 the H.R. 15612 will automatically be absorbed by that agency. In the meantime con­ The .project. ~il~ have full management fifth. A doctor would have to practice in authonty to 1mtlate and direct a com­ the same location for at least 2 years. gressional initiative will have 'saved prehensive solar energy program with Furthermore, no deductions would be priceless time in getting these programs specified objectives in three areas: Re­ allowed after the practice had been es­ underway. source determination and assessment· tablished for 5 years. . Adequate investigation of the possibili­ resea:rch and development; and demon: As small town doctors retire or die ties of solar energy requires a long-range strat1on. One of the research goals fewer and fewer young physicians a~ broad-based program of concentrated spelled out in the bill is to improve our willing to replace them. I sincerely be- research. Such a program must aim to technical capability to predict and deal CXX--1615-Part 19 25620 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 with the environmental impacts of large 15612 brings under a single management made during my long life anywhere in scale exploitation of solar energy re­ authority all Federal solar work and the world.'' sources. This is an area which I feel we provides that this authority be trans­ Mr. Speaker, to celebrate this occasion must not overlook, even though solar ferred to ERDA if such an agency comes further, I would now like to share some energy appears, at first glance, to be very into being, its passage would, in effect, of Mrs. Vann's insights with my col­ attractive environmentally. actually expand ERDA's potential re­ leagues. Regardless of their own political Because solar energy research requires sponsibilities in the solar area even be­ affiliations, I am sure they will be fas­ close integration among many scien­ fore ERDA is created. This, in my opin­ cinated by Mrs. Vann's account of polit­ tists-each with a specific competence-­ ion, would correct a clear deficiency in ical life in America 50 years ago. Her and a considerable amount of specially the current ERDA proposal. If ERDA letter follows: designed equipment, the country needs legislation is not enacted into law, the MARCH 19, 1974. a national laboratory devoted to solar solar energy research, development, and DEAREST NANCY: In response to a. request !rom Mrs. Hawkins I am writing what I recall energy R. & D. problems. In this labo­ demonstration programs will be inte­ about the activities of the Demorcats in ratory, we would be able to draw together grated and managed in an orderly fash­ Leonia !rom the date when we moved to the a critical mass of the required scientists ion under the management project es­ town, May 1, 1923 after purchasing a home and their specialized equipment. Provi­ tablished under this bill. at 186 Harrison St. until the close of the sions for a solar energy research insti­ In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I would meeting of 1924. tute, therefore, are included in the bill. like to emphasize the valuable benefits I should preface this by saying I was born This laboratory would be analogous to we can expect from the development of and lived in the South-Virginia and Ten­ the AEC labs devoted to nuclear research solar energy. I believe that by 1990, if we nessee, until my marriage on May 20, 1908. At this time my husband was the Executive and might be located at any new or ex­ mount the proper R. & D. effort, we can Secretary of Central People's Institute (In­ isting Federal laboratory. be producing 1 percent of the Nation's stituto Central do Pavo) in Rio de Janeiro, Two major provisions of the bill are energy needs from solar energy. By the Brazil, a social service settlement in the aimed at insuring rapid commercial ap­ year 2000, this may be a considerably slums of Rio, modeled after the famous plication of solar energy technologies. larger percentage. Energy from the Sun nineteenth-century establishments in Lon­ First, the project will establish and op­ is secure energy, invulnerable to the vi­ don, New York and Chicago. erate a solar energy information data cissitudes of international trade. It is Before coming to Leonia I had always lived where women were "second class citizens" so Bank to collect and disseminate research clean energy, free of the pollutants we far as participating in the processes of gov­ results and other information on solar have had to put up with in using fossil ernment were concerned. In those long gone energy technologies. This is a logical ex­ fuels. And its supply will never be used days women were protected by their fathers, tension of the solar heating and cooling up. husbands and sons. They excelled in the arts data bank established by H.R. 11864. The Solar energy will not replace fossil of persuasion and made their views on public project w111 also be responsible for coor­ fuels in the immediate future, but its matters known through infiuencing the men dinating solar energy technology utili­ use, even for limited applications, will in their lives who had the vote. This does free scarce fossil fuels for uses for which not mean that I was reared in ignorance of zation aetivities with all other technol­ "politics" but that my grandfather and ogy utlllzation programs within the Fed­ alternatives are not currently feasible. !ather considered the art of politics a profes­ eral Government. To realize these benefits, we need an sion far below an activity in which women Second, the project will select a solar aggressive, organized, and adequately should be engaged. Table-talk in our home energy incentives task force to advise the financed national solar R. & D. program. between those two men fell on my receptive President and the Congress as to the eco­ The task is not easy, nor is it going to ears. I was fascinated by the comments on nomic incentives required to accelerate be accomplished overnight. But our en­ policies, programs and candidates. I was commercial application of solar energy ergy situation is critical. We must begin also allowed to ask questions but my "opin­ ions" were never solicited. Votes were granted technology. This body will investigate now. I believe that H.R. 15612 will pro­ to women in this country during my six and seek ·to eliminate barriers inhibiting vide the legislative apparatus we need to years residence in Brazil .... private industry from performing solar succeed in this effort. I hope all of my In 1923 we lived near Columbia University energy R. & D. and marketing solar en­ colleagues will join in helping assure in New York City but we were small towners ergy products. favorable consideration and rapid pas­ at heart and sought a permanent home in a Recognizing the importance of a suf­ sage of H.R. 15612. community where we could enjoy neighbor­ ficient number of qualified personnel, the hood benefits and where we could know the bill authorizes NSF to support relevant families of our son's associates. scientific and technical education pro­ DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION OF It could only have been kind Provid~ nce grams. Funds transferred to NSF from LEOIUA, N.J., CELEBRATES 50TH who guided our steps to Leonia. A!ter only a ANNIVERSARY few hours' search we found a house within the project would supplement NSF's own our means and with convenient transporta­ funds in this area. tion to down-t!)wn New York by railroad and While there have been numerous stud­ HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI up and mid-town New York by street car, ies of the magnitude of the effort re­ OF NEW JERSEY ferry and subway.... quired to make solar energy economically I now let my thoughts go back some 50 viable-notably those done by AEC IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years as to how I became a participating Chairman Dr. Dixy Lee Ray, by NSF, Monday, July 29, 1974 citizen of my country.... and by OMB-there has to date been no Early in the fall after only a few months' Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, on residence Mrs. Bridges invited me to go to systematic program definition. This is September 28 the Democratic Organiza­ a "town meeting" where the proposed Oak­ a necessary prerequisite to a rationally tion of Leonia, N.J., is going to celebrate dena Ave. storm drain was to be diS('ussed funded, well-thought-out program. H.R. its 50th anniversary. In view of the fact from all points of view by the cltiz.ens. I pre­ 15612 therefore authorizes $2 million for that I have the honor of representing sume it was a Council hearing, but it met in a program definition to be carried out this municipality in Congress, I would the High School auditorium. I demurred at during fiscal year 1975 by the project. like to congratulate the people of Leonia going and my husband was in foreign parts Funding for future years will then be on this occasion. but Mrs. Bridges insisted our taxes would based on the results of this program help pay this bill and hence it was my "civic To help commemorate this event Mr. duty" to attend. definition. Speaker, 90-year-old Elizabeth Denny Thus I attended my first political meeting. One point should be emphasized with Vann, who was present at the first meet­ It was a long and stormy one--Mayor Pollock regard to how H.R. 15612 will affect the ing 50 years ago, recently wrote a letter presided. I soon learned Leonians can be very proposed Energy Research and Develop­ to Nancy Hawkins, a long-time resident vocal at such meetings .... ment Administration. As passed by the of Leonia. In her letter, Mrs. Vann ex­ The law of New Jersey in 1924 required a House of Representatives, ERDA would plores the true significance of this golden residence of one year in the state and a cer­ have authority in the solar R. & D. field anniversary from the perspective of to­ tain number of months in the county and only over solar heating and cooling. day. days in the town to register as a voting Thus, 1f ERDA is established as proposed, citizen. Though she now lives in Riclunond, ·when that right became ours I was well management of solar energy research Va .• Mrs. Vann has countless fond re­ trained as to the steps to be taken. Again my would be fragmented among ERDA, membrances of her life in Leonia, and husband was on a. foreign trip. Even before I NSF, and other agencies. It would not be writes that she values the friendships had qualified by the elapse of time to vote I integrated as it should be. Since H.R. she made in Bergen County "above those was approached by a Leonia friend whose July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25621 acquaintance I had made in New York City by the good attendance, some of the men withheld my support, using one or anothef before moving to Leonia to stand at least 50 I knew, others I had never met. Certainly of the possible ways to show my displeasure. feet from a polllng place and distribute a some of these men and women already knew By this means I think I have held the con­ card to potential voters asking them to vote the Judge. Certainly 8 citizens of Leonia had fidence of the people I have worked With. to have a privately supported library in served at the last election officially as Demo­ Much of my life has been given in one form Leonia taken over as a Free Public Library crats, according to law [on the Election or another to help my Party. I have had no which would receive money for its support Board]. political ambitions for myself, but I have from town taxes. Being in favor of this I was At some point in time I inquired who had worked hard for the election of many fine glad to accede to her request. This was my appointed them.... I was told no Demo­ candidates-often I have lost, sometimes I first public political act. As she was leaving crats of Leonia were interested enough in have won. But I've never had to be ashamed my home she inquired 1f I were already reg~ politics to run for County Committee and of the candidates I supported even though istered. so names of people supposed to be Democrats I've seldom agreed With everything they ad­ At that time the Election Boards held pub~ were suggested to the County Board of Elec­ vocated. I know our candidates are only hu­ lie registration days for new voters. She told tion by Huyler Ford the "Republican leader man and liable to err-but if a candidate is me where the Board of my voting district in Leonia" and so were appointed to the essentially honest and follows his true vision could be found and then said "I suppose you election board in Leonia-these were paid I am satisfied. I would not contradict Bill are a Republican. There are no decent Demo­ positions, County Committee members were Shedd's date about a formal organization. It crats in Leonia." not paid. may be we just operated with our Municipal For the first time in my life I was faced The actual facts may be far different, but County Committee members as town leaders With having to give myself a party designa­ it was clear that the Democratic voters of of Democracy, but we did a pile of work of tion. After a short pause I said "I already Leonia were not interested enough to have as public a nature as possible between 1924 know two in Leonia." You do? Who are a viable organization at that time. Who in­ and 1933. they?" "They are Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Vann" vited the Judge to Leonia or invited the I forget the year that Harvey Ely was and I saved her confusion by a warm hand­ people to the meeting at Fred Hath's studio elected state Senator and Mort O'Connell shake. We were friends to the day of he! I also do not know and never did. Since Bergen County Sheriff but with less than a death-though I had little to do With her Fred Hath was a paid employee in Hudson hundred registered Democratic votes in Leo­ sons becoming working Democrats in later County-Park Commissioner or some such nia we secured over 1,000 votes for each man years .... title-it may be that the very active Demo­ and won astonished recognition from the When registration day arrived I presented cratic organization of Hudson County asked County leaders. myself with my proof of residence. The offi­ him to reactivate interest in Leonia, the I even forget the year the Democratic cial said "Declare your party." "Democratic." town in which he lived. You'll have to find Women's County organization came into I watched his every move as he carefully some records at the courthouse or in the being, that may have been the same year wrote my name and address in ink in a book hands of the Party organization of the or a bit earlier, at the beginning of the marked "Republican." I protested, he apolo­ County to unravel this story. At the time "Depression"-if so, the Party leaders never gized for his "error" and said he was not al­ I was interested in the future not in the would have asked me to be President unless lowed to make erasures and I could easily past and made no inquiries. our achievements in Leonia were already well change it next year. I told him the law was Some of the men I remember at that meet­ known to them. you must refrain from voting for two years ing were Drs. Thurman Van Metre, EdWin Not every election did we have a head~ before you could change your party. He kept Patterson, Ralph Alexander and possibly quarters on Broad Ave. but we had one for refusing to make a change while I continued Hugh Wiley PUckett-all professors at Co­ each crucial campaign. And we raised our my protest. lumbia or Barnard. These I already knew. own money to support it mostly by free wm At that moment I glimpsed Leonia's Chief . . . Ed Appleby and his wife may also have gifts from Leonia Democrats. of Police-! think it was "Chief Beck"­ been present. Mr. BlaisdeU and Ralph and I am proud to say that I recall only one passing the door. So I said I would summon Mrs. Guernsey of Oak Tree Place I seem to Leonian who violated our local code of him to tell us the law and the official gave remember. Mrs. Hamilton never attended loyalty-honesty and square dealing. One day in, erased my name from the Republican Party meetings. She was chairman of two a newcomer to Leonia strode into our head­ book and wrote it in a clear hand in the non-partison forums and not until the quarters with a swagger; seated himself op­ Democratic book .... When I told this in­ Democratic convention at Madison Square posite me at a table, lit a huge cigar and cident to Mrs. Hamilton she said "Why don't Garden did I even know she was a regis­ blew smoke in my face, with his feet propped you run for County Committee from your tered Democrat. up on the table and began to tell me his ward in Leonia?" She had had no experience So I could not say a Democratic organiza­ demands of special favors in the town for with such a bold endeavor, nor had I. Here tion was born that night in Leonia but one which he was willing to put a large sum of was my first chance to "learn by doing." In was certainly revived, if it already existed and money at our disposal provided we promised time we learned the essentials, secured the has continued to this day with varying for­ to listen to him and promote his desires. In election forms from Hackensack and then tunes and leaders according as the popula­ return he would guarantee the election of almost gave up the idea because 10 signa­ tion has changed and grown In these fifty our town candidates and be the ruling hand, tures of registered bona fide Democrats in years and that meeting could properly be behind the scenes. my district were required. Where could they celebrated as the birth of continuous activity. I was so astounded I listened to quite a be found in one small district in Leonia? I recall no election of officers or mention bit he had to say. Then I stood up and Mrs. Hamilton began to count, "There are of an existing club, nor a secretary taking told him to take his feet off my table and Mrs. Shedd (mother of Leonia's Will Shedd) minutes or collection of dues. My whole at­ extinguish his offensive cigar, also to take and her three sisters on Broad Ave.; there tention was centered on the Judge and the of his hat. Out of surprise at my attack he is your husband (he would be home in time fact that he was there to plead for our sup­ listened for a bit too and then retreated in to register), that is five; there are Mr. and port at the next election for Democratic can­ disorder. It was my only such experience in Mrs. Stagg at Orand and Christie Heights, didates "from the top to the bottom of the Leonia or anywhere else. Otherwise I have they are old county Democrats, not com­ ticket." He was forceful and persuasive and been treated with unfalling courtesy as a muters; there are Paul Hoyler and his wife reasonable. He engaged my attention and I Party equal until the last Presidential elec­ on Leonia Ave."; and then a long pause. She began to see that only through Party orga­ tion in Richmond when I had an encounter finally said "I think Mrs. Bridges is still a nization and activity could what I believed with the "Committee to Re-elect the Presi­ Democrat." At this "point-in-time" I forget in for my country be achieved. I have never dent" (CREEP). if Mrs. Bridges' name is on my first petition, wavered in that conviction. I still believe Then a very important man of t hat Com­ but the tenth person was found. . . . that Democratic principles endorsed by hon­ mittee accused me on the radio of having After 50 years the remaining steps are est men and with good candidates are the either been "bribed" or "taken advantage not so clear 1n my memory.... I! my best hope of the future of this country­ of" by McGovern supporters because I had memory be correct we found 3 other men now more that ever I believe it. I realize spoken at a press conference, which was and 3 other women who consented to run for many people of many differing points of televised, at which I protested the free use of County Committee under the Democratic view, education, possib111ties and achieve­ Social Security envelopes sent out in Octo­ name in the other districts and all were ments make up every political party. There ber to 22 million-plus elderly citizens in elected. has to be give and take, compromise and whi<:h a card was inserted giving :Mr. Nixon I do not recall the public subject which agreement to achieve any given platform or credit foil' having secured the increase in resulted in my being invited to attend a program. However there are a few ca:-dinal Social Security payments to each recipient. meeting of Democrats in the fall of 1924 in principles about which there should be uni­ My whole protest was directed against the Fred Hath's studio on Allaire Ave., the home versal agreement. Honesty in deed-truth effort to drag Social Security into a political now owned by Arthur and Nancy Hawkins. in speech--elementary justice--and loyalty campaign, thereby saving the price of an So I attended my first Democratic Party to our form of government. Unless our lead­ eight cent stamp to circulate this untruth meeting, escorted by Paul Hoyler. You raise ers give us this minimum they will cease and to infiuence the November vote for him. the question whether this was an organiza­ to be leaders and do not merit the support The tact was the President had proposed to tion meeting. Frankly I do not know. Judge of honest men and women. This has been veto the whole bill because of the increase. Van Buskirk from Hackensack was the my yardstick for 50 years and always will be. I think I've had a marvelous political career speaker-a long~tlme and highly respected When I could not honestly support a candi­ 1n 50 years 1! I encountered only one per­ "old citizen" of the county. I was surprised date I have always told the leaders why and sonal crook, and got only one pubHc lam- 25622 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 basting from a Republican organization tially available to strangers is frighteningly to that individual at reasonable cost and the which is even now being held up to scorn large. The collection and disclosure of this individual must be able to challenge inac­ and contumely around the world for its dis­ personal data is presently totally unregu­ curate or undocumented information and to honesty. lated, with the result that each citizen's have his position in a dispute added to this You will gather from this, Nancy, that I right to privacy is threatened as never be­ file. am still a loyal Democrat-forced by age and fore. The act would further provide that persons advancing blindness and deafness to have While our courts have upheld the right of involved in handling personal information definitely retired from the political scene. privacy in many cases, it is nonetheless true must act under a code of professional secre­ I am delighted to hear from you again. I that Americans presently have no effective cy and be subject to penalties for any regret no single day spent in Bergen County, method of preventing the indiscriminate breach of secrecy. most of them in Leonia, and I value the disclosru·e of personal information concern­ The act would establish a five-member friendships made there above those made ing them or even of ascertaing whether such Federal Privacy Board which would serve on during my long life anywhere in the world. information is accurate. Indeed, the problem a full-time basis and whose members would ELIZABETH C. DENNY VANN. is even more serious since private citizens be appointed for a three-year term by the presently have no means of determining President with Senate confirmation. The which organizations are maint aining files board would collect and publish information on them. on personal information systems, issue reg­ More than five years ago-before Water­ ulations concerning such systems, inspect PRIVACY PROTECTION gate and the excesses of the present Ad­ systems when non-compliance is suspected, miuistration aroused a more widespread con­ hear requests for exceptions, and transmit cern with privacy-! proposed the first Fed­ annual reports to Congress and the Presi­ HON.EDWARDI. KOCH eral Privacy Act, designed to give the ordinary dent. OF NEW YORK citizen a workable means of protecting his The Right to Privacy Act will not inhibit privacy with respect to critical records, with­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the collection of material needed for na­ out impeding the necessary work of govern­ tional defense or for the pursuit of active Monday, July 29, 1974 ment. That bill has not been euacted al­ criminal prosecutions, but it will provide ef­ though it had the possible effect of provid­ fective protection against possible invasion Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I set forth ing the basis for important hearings in the of personal privacy. an article that I prepared for and which Congress. WIDESPREAD ABUSE appeared in the New York Law Journal LEGISLATION NEEDED on the subject of priva.cy. The article The time is long overdue for Congress to I suggest that the right to privacy of follows: address itself to the problem of the signif­ every citizen of the United States is threat­ icant invasion of personal privacy through ened by the unregulated maintenance of RUNAWAY THREAT TO PRIVACY IN UNITED data banks of personal information, by gov­ STATES the collection and maintenance of personal data files. This area must not remain today ernment or by private organizations, and (By Edward I. Koch) devoid of effective regulation. The only re­ that each citizen has a strong personal in­ Each day a massive amount of personal sponse of the Administration has been the terest in the enactment of the Right to information about individual Americans is creation of a cabinet-level White House Privacy Act during this Congress. collected by both private businesses and gov­ committee to "draw up safeguards for pro­ A quick recounting of only a few of the ernmental agencies. This data is not gathered tection of the privacy of individual citizens recent abuses in this area will demonstrate by clandestine agents. The great bulk of this against misuse of information about them the dimensions of the problem and the rea­ information is supplied voluntarily by citi­ stored in computers." In light of the Admin­ son why this legislation is needed to safe­ zens as they go about their daily affairs, or istration's record in this field, one can pre­ guard our privacy. gathered routinely as part of an ordinary dict with confidence that little of substance In 1970 it was learned that the Alcohol, business transaction. will come from this effort. Tobacco, and Firearms Bureau of the In­ Certainly, the federal government has files What is needed now is a concerted push ternal Revenue Service was selling mailing on most of us. The Social Security Admin­ to enact strong legislation. To this end, Rep­ lists of individuals who had registered as gun istration, for instance, maintains more than resentative Barry Goldwater, Jr. and I intro­ collectors to firearms oerchants. 160 million files on persons living and dead, duced a comprehensive new "Right to Pri­ GI CODE NUMBERS the Department of Defense has more than vacy Act" in the House of Representatives on In March of this year, after several years 14 miUion military service histories, the Cen­ April 19, 1974. The sponsorship of the Koch­ of prodding by myself and certain other sus Bureau maintains its records, the Inter­ Goldwater bill by Barry Goldwater, Jr., a members of Congress after remedial legisla­ nal Revenue Service retains annual tax re­ Republican, and by myself, a Democrat, with tion had been introduced, the Department turns, and the Department of State has our our differences in other fields, demonstrates of Defense agreed to remove Separation Pro­ passport applications. Countless additional that on the issue of personal privacy there is gram Numbers and re-enlistment code num­ files on individual citizens are maintained a common bond between conservatives and bers from all veterans' discharge papers. by other offices of the federal government. liberals. These numbers could indicate anything from state and local governments also accumu­ :INSPECTION GUARANTEED "expiration of service" to suspected (but un­ late mountains of personal information. This The Right to Privacy Act is designed to proven) homosexuality or sexual perversion. includes data relating to education, employ­ protect each individual's right to privacy. Despite the fact that the meanings of these ment, income and property ownership. Banks It would require that organizations which code numbers were not supposed to be avail­ and other financial institutions, credit bu­ maintain personal information files inform able to the public, they were in fact known reaus, hospitals and private schools also ac­ the individuals affected that a file of in­ and used by employers and others to deny cumulate extensive amounts of sensitive per­ formation about them exists and would employment and other benefits to veterans. sonal data. further require these organizations to permit While this alone was a serious invasion of No doubt much of this information must inspection and correction of the data in the right to privacy of these veterans, this be collected and maintained in today's com­ these files. The act would define "personal particular instance demonstrates an even plex world so that it will be available for information" to include anything which de­ more insidious aspect of the problem of the proper use. Nevertheless, the increased use of scribes an individual, including his educa­ misuse of personal information since these computers and sophisticated electronic data tion, his financial transactions, his medical coded numbers were placed on discharge handling techniques now provides simple history or his employmP.nt records. papers by the services without the veteran and convenient ways to store, collate and cor­ All levels of government as well as busi­ having been afforded an opportunity to con­ relate this information. ness organizations would be requh·ed to test the applicability of a particular number. It is time that we recognized that the comply with the provisions of the act. Any In yet another area, persistent pressure assembling of personal information, origi­ particular agency or organization would be from concerned Congressmen was required to nally collected piecemeal by a large number restricted to collecting only that information force the rescission of an Executive Order of separate agencies but now easily brought which is appropriate to its needs. In addi• which would have permitted the Department together in computer data banks, is a signifi­ tion, the act would require that such in­ of Agriculture to review the tax returns of 3 cant threat to our individual liberty and formation be maintained completely and million farmers. This Executive Order was to our privacy. competently, that it not be disclosed to third reported to have been designed to be the NO REGULATION parties without the individual's consent, and precursor of similar orders which would have that a record be maintained of such dis­ permitted other government agene1es access Since Wro·ren and Brandeis wrote "The closures as well as of those who have had to the tax returns of additional groups of citi- Right to Privacy" in the Harvard Law Review in 1890 the law of privacy has developed in access to that file. In addition, when per­ zens. many areas. Over this same period, how­ sonal information is sought from an individ­ NEWSPAPER'S TELEPHONE CALLS ever, the average citizen's interaction with ual, he must be told if the request is man­ The recent effort of the Internal Revenue all levels of government and with business datory or voluntary and what penalty or loss Service to secure from the New York Tele• has grown even more. Thus, the amount of benefit will result from non-compliance. phone Company records of telephone calls of personal information about each of us IUGHT TO CHALLENGE made from the offices of the New York Times which has already been collected in com­ Copies of an individual's files, including in connection with an internal IRS investiga­ puter data banks and which is now paten- investigative reports, must be made available tion is yet another example of how seemingly July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25623 innocuous personal information may be mis­ At least 14 "minority" Presidents have in the 1770's, and will continue to be used if improperly disclosed. been elected, 3 of whom received less valued. Many issues that come before the Congress affect only a small segment of our popula­ votes than their opponents. In 11 in­ It is for this reason that the respon­ tion. The right to privacy concerns each one stances, less than 50 percent of the popu­ sible and desirable course of action is to of us directly. It concerns our right to ex­ lar votes cast were received but more abolish the electoral college. press ourselves, our relationships with fam­ votes than the nearest opponent. The It is out of place in our elective process. ily and friends, our right to go through life fact that it is possible for a candidate to Nor do I espouse the "district" nor the without the uncomfortable feeling that receive fewer votes than the nearest op­ "proportional" systems, neither of which someone is always looking over our shoul­ ponent and be elected is cause for con­ represents the ultimate ideal of repre­ ders. George Orwell's 1984 is but ten years cern; sentative government. away. The Orwellian threat of a helpless cit· izenry enmeshed in the coils of an all-power­ The current 12 largest States alone Our Constitution is a magnificent ful compute1· data bank is upon us now. To can determine the thrust of a Presiden­ document, with relevance and meaning preserve our privacy requires that we take tial election by possessing excessive elec­ in our modern-day society, but it must firm steps now-before his fantasy becomes tive influence, regardless of the vote of also be a flexible ideal, one which can our reality. the remaining 38 States. This is known adapt to changing needs in a changing, as the winner-take-all system and it maturing nation. strains confidence in the true nature of The true essence of what our consti­ TO ABOLISH THE ELECTORAL our "representat:ive" government; tutional ideals are all about can be found COLLEGE An elector under the electoral college in the concept of political equality under system is not even bound by any con­ the law for all. Nothing less than true sideration other than party affiliation, equality must be accepted. The ultimate HON. GUS YATRON personal viewpoint, or mere whim. The point at which we will finally realize our OF PENNSYLVANIA electors may choose to change their can­ quest for total equality is by allowing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES didate and thus alter the outcome of a each and every American citizen to fully Monday, July 29, 1974 Presidential election. This can certainly exercise their right to vote-equally. take place in a close election; It is imperative, therefore, that this Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, for 187 It was not the intention of the Found­ 93d Congress be recognized as the legis­ years, the United States, under its Con­ ing Fathers to permit the individual lative session which gave to the Ameri­ stitution, has conducted its Presidential State to cast its electoral votes en bloc. can people the pure essence of democ­ elections under a system of balloting Furthermore, it is apparent that can­ racy. We must abolish the electoral col­ that is archaic, confusing, cumbersome, didates from the larger States have en­ lege and establish a system under which and inequitable. joyed an unfair advantage insofar as the President and Vice President are I find it unconscionable that a nation they are more likely to receive the large elected by popular vote, by all of our which has always had tremendous im­ bloc of electoral votes in their respective people, and by each. portance to the worth of the individual States; and his or her role in our society has If no candidate receives a majority of failed to modify our elective system to the electoral votes, the House of Rep­ insure that each and every citizen has resentatives determines the outcome of OKLAHOMA PARKS DIRECTOR an equal voice in the selection of their the election. This is entirely contrary to URGES AUTHORIZATION BOOST President. my conception of representative govern­ FOR CONSERVATION FUND PROJ­ By continuing to conduct our elections ment by the people; ECTS under the electoral college system, we The various legislatures of the States are not realizing our true potential as a may entirely determine the method of HON. JAMES R. JONES democracy and we have not achieved selecting Presidential electors, leaving true equality under the law. We con­ open the potential for extensive abuse of OF OKLAHOMA tinue to be guided by a historical moti­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vation no longer applicable to the mod­ power by the State legislatures. ern American society. In my view, each of the above repre­ Monday, July 29, 1974 Certainly, as one aspect of the current sents a forceful, compelling argument in Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, national catharsis, abolition of the favor of abolishing the electoral college the director of Oklahoma's Parks and wholly undesirable electoral college sys­ system, which has no place in modern Recreation Department, Mr. Chris DeJa­ tem is an idea whose time has come. The America. The motivations behind the porte, appeared today before the House one-man, one-vote concept of political creation of the system by the Founding Parks and Recreation Subcommittee to equality, as set forth by the Supreme Fathers in 1787 have little relevance to testify in support of legislation which Court on Gray against Sanders, 1963, ow· present-day makeup and the nature will increase the present $300 million au­ takes on an even greater meaning. of our society and our Nation. thorization level for the land and water The ideal represented by that deci­ In actuality, the framers of the Con­ conservation fund. sion was defined with great clarity by stitution had little faith in the ability of Mr. Delaporte provided the subcom­ the average citizen to fully ponder and mittee with a number of very persuasive Justice William 0. Douglas, who said: grasp the major issues of the day. The The concept of political equality from the arguments in support of the authoriza­ Declaration of Independence, to Lincoln's delegates to the Constitutional Conven­ tion increase, and I believe his far­ Gettysburg Address . . . can mean only one tion felt that a voter in one State could sighted assessment of our Nation's fu­ thing-one person, one vote. not possibly be knowledgeable of matters ture recreational needs was of great In actuality, there are a number of related to the leading citizens of another benefit and interest to the subcommittee additional arguments which can be ap­ State. members. plied in favor of the direct popular elec­ It is understandable, however, that Mr. Delaporte's testimony will be help­ tion of the President and Vice President, the Founding Fathers did not and could ful to my colleagues in understanding the all of which lend credence to the desir­ not envision the present makeup and very w·gent need for an annual increase ability of realizing action on the issue in strength of the States, nor could they in the authorization for our country's this 93d Congress. But, can there be a have envisioned an America as it is today. recreational programs, and I include the single more compelling reason to adopt text of Mr. Delaporte's remarks at this With the advent of the mass media point in the RECORD: pending legislation to abolish the elec­ and opportunities for universal educa­ toral college than to supplant it with a STATEMENT OF CHRIS THERELL DELAPORTE, system that insures the full and com­ tion, the lack of faith in the average EXECUTIVE DmECTOR, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION plete equality for all our people? voter's ability to view and understand OF STATE OUTDOOR RECREATION LIAISON As a cosponsor of legislation to accom­ the issue no longer applies. It is this his­ OFFICERS torical motivation which surely has no Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee: plish same, I submit for consideration Last May NASORLO had the opportunity to these major additional substantiating place in the 1970's nor in the future. appear before the Appropriations subcom­ facts, some of which point to existing But, our love of liberty and equality mittees on Intertor and Insular Affairs in aspects of the elective system that bor­ under the law and our faith in the in­ both the House of Representatives and the der on the ridiculous. dividual are as real and acute today as Senate. At that time we called for an in- 25624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974. crease 1n the appropriations ceiling from In considering this factor we ask you to case, any claim of executive privilege $300 million to 1 bUlion. NASORLO had pre­ weigh the possibilities of a minimal bad ef­ rests solely on dicta in that case. viously testified 1n support of S. 2661. fect against the certain adverse consequences This point is very well analyzed in an we are pleased and honored to appear here of inaction. We also point out that the in­ today to testify in support of legislation flationary effect can be reevaluated and con­ article by Carrie Johnson entitled which wm accomplish these necessary sidered each year in appropriations hearings "Privilege and Precedent," published on changes. and adjustments made 1f necessary. the editorial page of the Washington We also wish to voice our support of House With the exception of the actions advocated Post of Sunday, July 28, 1974. I am sure Resolution 15357 which would establish an above, we urge that there be no additional this analysis will be of great interest to IDstorical Preservation Fund. changes in the Land and Water Conservation Members of Congress and other readers One year ago, the appropriation to the Fund Act. While some of the other proposed of the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, and I Land and water Conservation Fund was re­ changes appear to have merit, the Land and therefore include the text of this article duced from the authorized $300 mlllion to Water Conservation Fund Program has not $66 mlllion for Fiscal Year 19'74. The ration­ received the serious in-depth evaluation at this point in the RECORD. ale for thls reduction was to allow a year for which is a necessary precondition for large­ PRIVILEGE AND PRECEDENT the states to "catch-up" on the obligation of scale changes in the Act. (By Carrie Johnson) funds allotted to them. During Fiscal Year We would welcome special hearings on the In t he first Supreme Court test of the '74, the balances of almost all states have part of this Committee inviting testimony on scope of executive privilege, President NiXon been substantially reduced-we have caught substant ive changes in the Organic Act. lost but the presidency gained. up with the money available !or expenditure. We are especially concerned about pro­ There was more than face-saving to Mr. As of June 30, 1974, only a tot al of 18 milllon posed changes which would limit the discre­ Nixon's statement, issued through his coun­ dollars remained unobligated among all the tion of the State Liaison Office in recom­ sel, James St. Clair, that while he was "of states. mending and approving projects. The course, disappointed in the result," be was Unfortunately, while we have been catch­ strength of this Program is due in part to its "gratified" that "the Court reaffirmed both ing up with our balances, we have been fall­ ablllty to meet the diverse needs of all the the validity and the importance of the prin­ ing farther and farther behind the demand States and Territories. Changes in the Or­ ciple of executive prtvllege-the principle I of the American people for recreational op­ ganic Act which limit this fiexibility deserve had sought to maintain." portunities. Our citizens are being 1ncreas­ close consideration and specific testimony on What the Court actually reafllrmed was a. lngly cut of! from the land. Our nation is each point. different principle: the rule of law. But the increasingly urbanized and industrialized. The Land and Water Conservation Fund court did hold, for the first time, that a Our jobs are increasingly specialiZed and Program is one of the most functional pro­ generalized, presumptive presidential privi­ routine. grams enacted by Congress. The idea of using lege has a constitutional base. Moreover, the ks our people have given up their farms depletable natural resources to fund invest­ Court suggested that certain specific claims and ranches for backyards, and their back­ ment ln new publlc resources is one of the of confidentiality might be accorded even yards for apartment balconies, the need for most fundamentally sound public policies of greater deference 1n the future by the courts. access to the land for recreational purposes this Nation. Thus ln the course of compelling Mr. has grown geometrically, and has been As this revenue from use of these depleta­ Nixon to surrender the tapes to Judge John multipUed by the increasing technological ble resources increases, as the demand for Sl.rica, the Court may have made it easier for sophistication of the recreationlst. additional recreational experiences ln· future Presidents to withhold information, As the demand bas increased, so have the creases, so do the opportunities to serve in­ especially from Congress. At mlnlmum, the costs of meeting this demand. And, unfor­ crease. We, as State Liaison Officers, feel decision seems likely to lead to more frequent tunately, as demand and costs increase, privUeged to be a part of this Program, and claims of executive privilege, more litigation many opportunities for valuable acquiSition we ask you to help us take advantage of these and sharper judicial definition of the bound­ and development are on the verge of being increased opportunities. aries between executive and legislative ::>ow­ lost. The time is fortuitous for the expan­ By increasing the authorized funding level ers-boundarles which have traditionally sion of the Land and Water Conservation to 1 billion dollars, by providing 70/30 match been pragmatic, fiexible and imprecise. Fund Program and for an unequivocal re­ for acqulsltlon, by making money avallable This is speculation, of course. Chief Jus­ newal of commitment to meeting the recrea­ for sheltered facilities, and by providing ad­ tice Warren Burger, writing for the Court, tional needs of this Nation. ditional funds for historical preservation you emphasized in a footnote that the opinion The Land and Water Conservation Fund will be performing an invaluable service to addressed only the conftict between the Pres­ Program bas worked so well partially because the people of this country. ident's general claim of privUege and the of its rellabllity. Cities, counties, and states specific needs of a crlmlnal trial. U.S. v. have been able to commit resources with Nixon, the Chief Justice wrote, was not con­ confident anticipation of an equal commit­ cerned with the extent of the generalized ment on the part of Federal Government. executive privilege in civU 11t1gat1on or con­ Last year's cut-back bas shaken this con­ SUPREME COURT'S DECISION DID filets with Congress, or with "the President's ftdence. Across the nation, bond programs NOT SOLVE THE ISSUE OF EX­ interest in protecting state secrets." Nor did have been passed for park and recreation ECUTIVE PRIVILEGE the Court address the issue of executive purposes in expectation of receiving federal privilege 1n impeachment proceedings. matching funds. This money now lies fallow. But the 8-0 decision is broad and emphat ic The Land and Water Conservation Fund enough to have great impact in all of those even 11 funded fully at the current authoriz­ HON. JOHN E. MOSS areas. Impeachment is a special case; the de­ ation level 1s not adequate to the demand. OF CALIFORNIA cision should give no encouragement at all National commitment to the provtsion of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to Mr. Nixon's attempts to withhold evidence recreational opportunities Is being ques­ Monday, July 29, 1974 which the Congress wants in carrying out its tioned. expUcit, exclusive constitutional duty to In response to the obvious demand, and Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, on July 24 judge the conduct of the President. I! the 1n order to restore continuity to the Pro· the Supreme Court ruled in United States President may not control the evidence in gram, we urge this Committee to act favor­ against Nixon that "the President's as­ someone else's trial, it would be ludicrous for ably toward the increase of the authoriza­ sertion of a generalized privilege of con­ any court-if called on to decide the issue­ tion level of the Land and Water Conserva• to let the President dictate the evidence in tion Fund to 1 blllion dollars per year. fidentiality" must give way to the "con­ his own case. We also urge favorable consideration of stitutional need for relevant evidence" Setting the impeachment question aside, legislation changing the acquiSition match in "criminal trials." however, several aspects of the case appear from 50/50 to 70/30, as well as legislation It has been popularly asserted that this to buttress the ablllty of Presidents to re­ which would make 25% of the funds re­ decision has resolved the issue as to fuse congressional demands for information ceived by a state available for planning and whether the President can invoke the on White House decisions and activities. The development of sheltered facllltles. claim of executive privilege to withhold first is the legitimacy which the Court be­ We further support the establishment of information. That is not true. On the stowed on executive privUege in general. an historic preservation fund, with an au­ While the doctrine Is nowhere mentioned 1n thorized funding level of $100,000,000 per contrary, the decision seems, for the first the Constitution, the Chief Justice wrote "a year. time, to have given a semblance of va­ presumptive privilege for presidential com­ The one objection to these actions which lidity to the claim of executive Plivllege munications" is "fundamental to the opera­ must be seriously addressed is that an in­ in contexts other than ir criminal trials, tions of government and inextricably rooted crease in Land and Water Conservation even though no other issue was involved in the separation of powers." Moreover. the Fund expenditures wlll be lnftationary. Our in the case-except the President's claim public and presidential interest in preserving feellng 1s that any 1n.flattonary effect would that confidentiality "is weighty indeed and of executive privilege on the basis of gen­ entitled to great respect." be m1n1mal, yet the etrect in both human eralized confidentiality to withhold evi­ and economic terms of inaction would be This gives the doctrine new, solid legal staggering. Opportunities to provide for the dence needed in a criminal trial. Thus, footing and great poUtical weight. Until last recreational needs of generations of Amer­ to the extent that the Supreme Court has Wednesday, those who advocated a general icans would be irretrievably lost. gone beyond the issue involved in that executive privUege had few Judicial footnotes July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25625 !or their claim. Now they have a unanimous and congressional scrutiny as a matter ot So, I am glad that the Secretary is pre­ high court decision, with the added force course. Certainly some things have to be paring for a debate. We need a good public of a single opinion by the Chief Justice him· secret and some expectations of confiden­ airing of this Administration's policies. May­ self. tiality are essential to the functioning of be that way we can clarify some of the mys­ The Court did hold that "a broad, un­ government. teries of this detente-on which subject, I differentiated claim" of confidentiality could But if one believes that future Presidents, have some modest thoughts .... !all 1n a conflict with other basic values, such as well as Mr. Nixon, should be as forth­ The American labor movement is going to as the specific needs o! a criminal trial. Pre­ coming and accountable as possible, then assert as strong a voice as possible in develop­ sumably such a general claim might also have U.S. v. Nixon has worrisome aspects. The ing the foreign policies of this country. to yield before the demonstrated need o! a decision should be scrutinized not only for We intend to continue to be heard because congressional committee for particular kinds the presidential powers which the Court the foreign policies of this Administration­ of materials. rejected and the confrontation it resolved, or for that matter any Administration-have But the Court suggested that an even but also for the powers which the decisiou a direct bearing on the living standards and higher degree o! privilege might exist where did sanction and the future conflicts which the welfare of millions o! working people and a President made a specific "claim o! need may result. their families. to protect m111tary, diplomatic or sensitive When this Administration, in the name of national security secrets." Those are, of detente, subsidizes a wheat deal with the So­ course, precisely the policy areas in which THE AFL-CIO CALL FOR NATIONAL viet Union to the tune of 300 million tax­ Presidents are already most inclined to re­ payers' dollars-those dollars come out of our sist congressional inquiries-and the Court DEBATE ON ADMINISTRATION'S pocketbooks. suggests that Congress in the future might FOREIGN POLICY When the price of bread then skyrockets, be able to get even less information than is costing our housewives hundreds of millions forthcoming now. of extra dollars-those extra dollars come out Support, for instance, that the Senate HON. JAMES G. O'HARA of our pocketbooks. Judiciary Committee, in the exercise of its OF MICHIGAN When the Soviet Union urges the Arabs oversight powers, is examining the use o! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to play oil blackmail-and when American warrantless national-security wiretaps. Or oil companies create shortages in the quest suppose that the House Armed services Com­ Monday, July 29, 1974 for profits-the cost comes out of our pocket­ mittee wants to probe mysterious U.S. m111- Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, on July 15, books. tary moves 1n the Mideast. And suppose that 1974, Mr. George Meany, president of When our government's trade policies en­ the President, citing U.S. v. Nixon, refuses to the American Federation of Labor-Con­ courage the export of American jobs and furnish any information on grounds that technology, who bears the costs? It comes "sensitive national security secrets" would be gress of Industrial Organizations, deliv­ out of our pocketbooks. jeopardized. Assuming both branches o! gov­ ered a major address to the National And, if the policies of our government ernment pressed their claims, which of them Press Club here in the Nation's capital should prove wrong and there should be war, would prevall-the President's assertion of on the subject of the foreign policy ini­ all Americans will be called on to sacrifice­ privilege, or the committee's need to know tiatives of the Nixon administration. and this, o! course, includes workers. how presidential power is being used? In his speech, Mr. Meany raised some So we are not inclined to leave foreign To date, such conflicts have usually re­ serious and troubling questions about policy to the experts-least of all the experts solved themselves in political tests of of this Administration. We are not con­ strength and wlll. Congress threatens to detente between the United States and vinced that they have our interests at heart­ cut appropriations or block appointments; the Soviet Union-questions to which the interests of working people, the interests the President holds pet congressional proj­ we, in the Congress, should be addressing of the great majority of the American ects hostage, or beguiles key legislators by ourselves before these unilateral actions people ...• sharing some secrets secretly with them. The of the administration come to have the The values and priorities of this Admin­ outcome of such maneuvering is usually less force and effect of a national policy. Istration, at home, carry over into Its con­ than a full airing of the facts-but it is also Mr. Meany calls, in particular, for a duct of foreign affairs. This not a less than a binding precedent, and thus has full-dress national debate on detente­ schizophrenic Administration. Mr. Nixon is the enormous advantage of leaving room for not a Dr. Jekyll of domestic policy and a Mr. future flex1b111ty and play between the two on what it consists of, and what it might Hyde of foreign policy. branches of government. mean to the American people. I applaud Frankly, I !all to understand some o! our In response to President Nixon's assertions Mr. Meany's call for such discussion, and so-called liberal friends who say: yes, the of broad privilege, many in Congress have I commend to my colleagues excerpts of Administration has made a mess of the econ­ become intrigued with possibilities for tak­ his remarks, which I am placing in the omy, a mess of civil rights, a mess of the ing executive-privilege disputes to court RECORD at this point: war on poverty, a mess of the energy crisis, a mess o! the whole domestic scene-but without going to the extreme of citing a AnDRESS BY GEORGE MEANY President or his subordinate for contempt. they've done a great job in foreign policy. The Senate has passed and the House Gov­ A week ago yesterday, the lead story in the It's all of a piece-in my book. ernment Operations Committee has reported New York Times was about our Secretary of At home and abroad, this Administration a b111 giving federal courts jurisdiction to State, Dr. Kissinger. pursues the same goal-profit for big busi­ hear such cases, and requiring the contested There is nothing new in that, of course­ ness without any concern !or people gen­ materials to be given to Congress unless a Dr. Kissinger has been on the front pages erally. After all, we cannot expect an Admin­ judge upholds a specific presidential claim a lot lately. But, what was especially inter­ istration-without concern for the welfare of confidentiality. esting about this story, at least to me, was and security for the poor-the elderly or the That course, however, is not likely to be that it reported that our Secretary o! State veterans-to have any concern for the rights productive. The Senate Watergate committee was preparing for a major debate when he and welfare of the oppressed minorities in has already tried it-and did not get any got home from Europe-a debate, in the the Soviet Union .... presidential tapes. And if U.S. v. Nixon en­ words of the Times, on the meaning of secur­ Three weeks ago, just prior to Mr. Nixon's courages further resorts to court, the deci­ ity in the nuclear age, and on the value and visit to Moscow, hundreds of Soviet Jews sion also suggests that the judiciary, in risks of closer ties with the Soviet Union. · were rounded up, arrested and jailed. This­ weighing the competing interests of the ex­ In other words, a discussion o! what has in connection with a visit !rom the President ecutive and Congress, may find for the come to be known as "detente". of the United States and he uttered not one President much of the time. There 1s "that I believe the American people welcome the word of pl'otest. Not one word. high degree of deference" which the Court idea of such a discussion. I think the foreign Well, you may say that would have been eaid that presidential records should receive. policies of this Administration cry out !or counterproductive and inappropriate. That There is, beyond that, the special protection public discussion. In fact, I think these would be interfering in the internal affairs which, according to the Court, "state secrets" policies should not be carried one step fur• of another country-and, the President told should enjoy. ther until they have been openly and amply us, in his Annapolis speech, that we mustn't debated before the American people. There 1s another factor, too. In ruling that do that. After all, it is quite obvious that there But when the Commissars pulled the plugs Mr. Nixon must turn over those tapes, the have been some dramatic changes in our gov­ Court noted that presidential advisers are on the American networks as American ernment's foreign policies. These changes, broadcasters sought to interview Andrei not likely to be inhibited by the possib111ty whether you agree with them or not, mark a of "infrequent occasions of disclosure" of Sakharov, Soviet censorship was reaching radical departure from the assumptions and into the living rooms of Americans. their comments in criminal trials. But con­ attitudes that governed our bi-partisan for­ gressional demands for disclosure are far The Soviet government was deciding what eign policies throughout the period since Americans-not Russians but Americans­ more frequent and, courts could well con­ World warn. could and could not see on the news. clude, therefore more threatening--even In a democracy, such massive shifts in And, from our government, from our Secre­ when the inquiry is otherwise justified. policy cannot be imposed upon the people tary of State and from our President, not one To worry about such points is not to say without discussion. word of protest. Not a whisper-not a. that Presidents should have no secrets, or I think we have a pretty good idea of where frown .... that the most sensitive policy deliberations Mr. Nixon and Mr. Kissinger want to take But, I think that the next time the Presi­ in the Oval 01Hce should be exposed to public us-but, do the people want to follow? dent of the United States makes a speech 25626 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 about how the Internal structure of other most modern weapons of war supplied by the In 1971, u.s.-soviet trade amounted to 60Cieties Is none o! our business, let us re­ Soviet Union. As soon as the attack started $224 million. By 1972, it was up to $900 mil­ member the day the Commissars pulled the and immediately after the Israel1s fought lion. This Increase took place without grant­ plug on the American people. back, the Soviet Union launched a massive ing the Soviet Union most-favored-nation Let us remember that how nations be­ airlift of military hardware to Syria and status. have toward their own people has something Egypt. What the Russians need is not a reduction to do with how they behave toward other This action indicated-without question­ of trade barriers so their goods can come in. nations. There is a relationship between in­ that the entire operation was planned and What they want 1s American exports. They ternal structure and external conduct. There executed by the Arabs under the watchful want American technology, machinery, is a relationship between what societies are eye of Soviet instructors and supervisors. equipmen~American know-how .The trou­ at home and. what they do abroad.. That was And, at the very same time, Brezhnev ble ls they can't pay for it. They can't trade true for Mussolinl and. Hitler and. Stalin­ openly and publicly pressed the other Arab for it because at the moment, they don't it is just as true for Brezhnev. nations to come into the war against the produce goods that are in great demand here There is a difference between democracy Israelis.... -although they may in the future. Remem­ and totalitarianism. And, one system is bet­ So when we look at what happened in the ber, totalitarian governments can easily shift ter than the other. Middle East, we ask ourselves what contribu­ investment and production to suit their pur­ Once in a while, I think we need to remind tion did the Russians make to detente in poses. ourselves of that--especially these days when that situation? But !or now, the name of the game is the President of the United States and the Dr. Kissinger said they acted with great credit. And, that means, among other things. leading lights of big corporations are spout­ restraint. the Export-Import Bank of the United States. ing the line that the difference isn't all that If fanning the flames of war in the Middle Now, the Eximbank was originally set up to important.... East goes by the name of restraint, I would encourage American exports by making loans But let us get down to the basic question­ like to know what goes by the name of available to foreign buyers. In th1s way, it what is this detente? What is this thing in belligerence. was supposed to promote American sales and whose name we turn our eyes away from And then there was the first SALT agree­ jobs. brave people struggling !or human rights. ment in which we made unilateral conces­ But what it ls doing now is subsidizing What is this detente in whose name a sions to the Soviets. We allowed them a overseas production that will hurt American great nation-like ours-which 1n the last numerical superiority in missiles on the exports and employment-and, one of the decade spent its best energies in a painful, ground that we had a technological superior­ prime beneficiaries of this largesse is the So­ unfinished but glorious struggle !or civil ity in MIRVs. viet Union. rights and. civil Uberties-now stands by as Some of us warned against this approach, In the last year or so, the Exlmbank­ the shadow o! indifference, opportunism and notably Senator Jackson. We said the Soviets which is financed by American taxpayers-­ cynicism darkens its highest ideals. could catch up technologically-that they has lent the Soviet Union amost $469 million People died !or the right to vote in this could MIRV their rockets. But this was pooh­ -most of it is 6 percent interest and a small country. poohed. We were called hawks, Dr. Strange­ portion of 7 percent. People died. !or the cause of social justice loves and God knows what else. Now, this-very simply-is an economic 1n this country. But what has happened? The reason Mr. aid program. People died trying !or the right to organize Nixon failed to reach an agreement on of­ The price rate 1n the United States 1s workers into !ree unions 1n this country. fensive weapons limitations ln Moscow this 12 percent. We have been lending hundreds In Alabama. the labor movement did not time around was precisely because the Rus­ o! mllUons to the Soviet Union at about side with Bull Connor and. his police dogs. sians are determined to go !ull steam ahead hal! that rate-at a time when mllllons of In Georgia, the labor movement did not side with the MIRV1ng o! their mlsslles. hard working Americans cannot get mort­ with Lester Maddox and his axe-handlers. What did we get in return !or these uni­ gage money to buy a home. In the Congress, the labor movement did not lateral concessions 1n the first Salt Agree­ This is a give-away program. This ls a side the signers o! the Southern Mani­ ment? I don't know-perhaps President welfare program to ball out the Soviet festo...• Nixon or Secretary Klsslnger could tell us. government. We know which side we were on 1n the Underneath all the mysteries, all the Now, what are some of these loans for? struggle between freedom and repression in secret diplomacy, all the surface smiles, all Well, in May the Eximbank announced a our own country. And. we know which side the rolling rhetoric-what is the reality of loan o! $180 million to develop fertilizer we are on 1n the same struggle in the Soviet detente? production in the Soviet Union. This 1s a Unlon. First. the Soviet Union is worried about $400 m1111on project that will enable the I wonder which side Mr. Nixon is on-I America getting too friendly with China. I Russians to produce nitrogen fertilizer and wonder which side Mr. Klsslnger is on. • . • don't think thls has very much to do with export lt to the United States. In other The idea o! detente was held out to the the great Nixon-Klsslnger diplomacy at all. words, if we are short o! fertlllzer, then American people as a promise o! cooperation The Russians and the Chinese have been at instead of investing 1n !ertillzer plants at between the world's two super-powers--not each other's throat for a long time-not be­ home, we invest in fertilizer plants 1n the only to relax tensions between their respec­ cause of Kissinger's genius--but because Rus­ Soviet Union so they can export !ertlllzer tive countries so as to lessen the possibWty sian impertal1sm poses a threat to China. to this country. of nuclear war but to use their power and in­ Secondly, the Russians are 1n desperate Then, o! course, we have the famous Kama fluence with other nations to prevent lesser need of American technology. River Truck project. Your friendly Exlmbank conflicts that could eventually spread to You know, we Americans tend to forget gave the Russlana two loans towards that global war. how backward the Soviet economy really Is. one-$86,450,000 at 6 percent and $67,500,000 Then, there was of course the economic We see the Russians going Into space and at 7 percent for a total of $153,950,000.••• mde of detente-the give and take o! trade constructing nuclear weapons and we assume You might wonder whether a truck plant negotiations-very beneficial to both nations, that they are as advanced as we are. could be o! military use to the Soviet Union. We tend to forget the enormous price the The answer is yes--and the Adm1nlstratlon ISO we were told. And, what has happened 1n the 2 years Russian people pay for this milltary hard­ knew it..•. alnce detente was sold to the American ware-twice as much of their gross national Evidently thls Admlnlstratlon is so hell­ people? product as we do 1n the United States. bent on detente at any price that they will Has the Soviet fuUilled their commitment And, to sustain this level o! weapons pro­ give the Russians equipment with a m111tary to peace? duction, the Soviet consumer economy has potential. Has the anti-American propaganda-surely been strangled for almost 50 years. We're also helping out with a $36 million Consumer goods we take for granted are iron ore pellet plant. a cause o! tension~manating from Moscow and spread throughout the world-propa­ 1n continuous short supply 1n the Soviet Oh yes, the Russians are after Boeing, ganda that holds up the United States as a Union. Not only Industrial consumer goods-­ Lockheed and McDonnell-Douglas to sell vicious. imperialistic country-has this prop­ not only housing-but food. Soviet agricul­ them half a billion dollars--that's billion­ aganda been brought to a halt? tural production is a mess-thanks to .Joe not m1111on-worth of wide-bodied jets. • •• No-the Soviets have not fulfilled their Stalin's wonderful miracle of forced collec­ It looks 11ke a. great deal-until you take a commitment. tlvlzatlon of agriculture. close look '8.t the conditions laid down by the No-the vicious anti-American propaganda So what do the Russians want from us? SOViet negotiators. has not come to a halt. It goes on and on­ They wanted us to baU them out o! their Number One, the Russians want the planes more vicious than ever. agricultural disaster-and we did. We looked on long-term, low-Interest rate credit. Num­ And, how about the super-powers using the other way as they pulled off the Great ber Two, they want to co-produce them 1n their influence to atop confilcts among the Grain deal so costly to American famWes. the SoViet Union. smaller nations? They want most-favored-nation status. They want to co-produce these jets ln a Last October, Egypt and Syrl&-without But 1s this really the issue? Is this the ob­ plant built for them ln the SoViet Union by warning-attacked Israel on one of the hlgh stacle to trade? Boeing. McDonnell-Douglas or Lockheed. holy days o! the .Jewish religious calendar. we should keep 1n mind that except for This plant construction would be flnanced Thls attack. without question. was melted items on the prohibited list related to na­ by American credits and would eventually by the SoViet Union. This attack was carried tional security, we are already trading with employ 80,000 workers and would produce out by Soviet-trained personnel, using the the Soviet Union. more than 100 wide-bodied jets each year. July 29, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25627 Also, the Soviet negotiators demand com­ MffiiTARY JUSTICE?-PART 2 tain critical lackings in the system of plete access to all our present and future military justice. technology in this field. First, it is noteworthy that the U.S. What does this all mean for the American Court of Military Appeals--COMA-the aerospace industry and its many thousands HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER OF COLORADO highest court of military justice in the o:.C workers. land-never had the opportunity to re­ We'd sell some of these big jets in the next IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES couple of years whUe we would be setting view this case despite its profound con­ the Soviets up 1n a big way with our financ­ Monday, July 29, 1974 stitutional dimensions. Had a general or ing credi.ts, our technical know-how and Ms. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, on field grade officer been involved, he would then we would have a competitor with access an April night in 1969 at a Marine Corps have been entitled to COMA review as a to unllmlted slave labor-selllng these jets base near Danang, South Vietnam, a matter of right. But to earn the same at prices well below American prices. review, Private First Class Avrech would This Is what the Soviets call the economic young private first class named Mark side of detente. Avrech typed a short statement express­ have had to have been sentenced to at What Is really involved here ls American ing his feelings about the war. In perti­ least 6 months imprisonment. economic aid to the Soviet Union plus the nent part the statement read: Second, it is far from clear that even transfer of American technology as well. To It seems to me that the South Vietnamese the Federal courts themselves had the me, lt looks like a good old-fashioned shell people could do a little more for the defense power to review the Judge Advocate Gen­ game. of their country. Why should we go out and eral's determination of the case. That The Soviets are now cutting deals with fight their battles whUe they sit a.t home and was a central issue in the Supreme Court American corporations that give them com­ complain about communist aggression. What appeal, extensively briefed by the par­ puter technology, integrated circuits, tele­ are we, cannon fodder or human beings? The ties, but dogged by the court majority. communications, photo-optical equipment, United States has no business over here. This sophisticated machine tools, oscilloscopes, 1s a conftlct between two different politically The majority simply assumed arguendo aircraft parts, ship and submarine quieting minded groups. Not a direct attack upon the the reviewability of a court-martial for techniques-that sort of thing and at bar­ United States. We have peace talks with purposes of ruling against Avrech on the gain rate credits that are subsidized by the North Vietnam and the V.C. That's just fine merits and then used its ruling on the American taxpayer. and dandy except now how many men died merits as an excuse for declining to de­ There is one other interesting bit of tech­ in Vietnam the week they argued over the termine the jurisdictional issue. nology we have that the Russians want. Ac­ shape of the table? ... Do we dare express Third, while the Levy holding would cording to the Chicago Tribune, the Rus­ our feelings with the threat of court-martial sians want to buy some pollee technology perpetually hanging over our heads? Are appear to be definitive on the issue of the from us-speclflcally, they want voice print your opinions worth risking a court-martial? constitutionality of article 134, it does recorders. We must strive for peace and if not peace not logically follow that it is definitive These are like finger printing machines then a. complete U.S. withdrawal. We've been on the individual merits of Avrech's except they make pictures of your voice. sitting ducks for too long ..." situation. Surely a generally worded stat­ With this picture on file, your voice can be ute can constitutionally be applied to one positively identified on the phone. Avrech's plan was to have the mimeo­ I am sure this will come a.s great news to graph operator make copies of his state­ set of facts but not another. And the Andrei Sakharov and to Soviet Jews who are ment which he could then distribute to distinction between Captain Levy's con­ trying to maintain phone contact wlth members of his company. Instead the duct and Private First Class Avrech's friends in the West .... mimeograph operator reported him to a was plain. Captain Levy refused a Frankly, I just don't know what to make superior officer. However valid Avrech's direct order to train special forces of this latest junket. I don't know what the judgments about the war were, his judg­ personnel for Vietnam's duty while President hoped to accomplish in Moscow. Private First Class Avrech disobeyed I don't know why he had to make the trip­ ment about the state of his superiors' unless it wa.s for domestic political consump­ mind was quite sound. He was court­ no orders and neglected no duties. tion. martialed under article 80 of the Uni­ Captain Levy, stationed at the U.S. Army After a.ll, the ABM limitation was no big form Code of Military Justice-UCMJ­ Hos~ital, Fort Jackson, S.C., urged black deal in the year of 1974-neither was the which makes it a crime to attempt to soldiers not to accept assignment to Viet­ limitation on underground nuclear testing. violate any other section of the code. In nam and not to fight if transported there According to newspaper reports, there was his case the attempt was to violate while saying that he would himself re~ no discussion of mutual force reduction in UCMJ article 134-the so-called gen­ fuse Vietnam duty. Private First Class Europe-and the hoped for agreement on of­ Avrech urged no one to violate any order, fensive weapons was a ftop. eral article-by publishing a statement The !allure at Moscow to make any progress "with design to promote disloyalty and told no one to lay down his arms, and, on the crucial question of putting a. limit disaffection among the troops." of course, was already in Vietnam him­ on offensive nuclear weapons means that the self. Given military exigencies Captain Avrech was convicted and sentenced to Levy may conceivably have exceeded the arms race g·oes on unabated. reduction in grade to the lowest rank It means also that the basic idea of this perimet.ers of the first amendment. Pri­ so-called detente a.s it wa.s sold to the Ameri­ forfeiture of 3 months' pay, and confine~ vate First Class Avrech did no such can people-the relaxing of tensions between ment for 1 month at hard labor. The thing. commanding officer suspended the con­ the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. has gone down In his dissent to the Avrech holding the drain.... finement, but the remainder of the sen­ Mr. Justice Douglas placed the first Actually, Mr. Nixon looked a little pathet­ tence was sustained by the Staff Judge ic-and I don't like to see the United States Advocate and the Judge Advocate Gen­ amendment issue into clear focus: represented in the Soviet Union by a pathet­ eral of the Navy. Following his severance Talk is of course incitement; but not all ic President. incitement leads to action. What respondent from the service, Avrech attacked the in this case wrote out with the purpose of On the surface, then, it appears that Yalta, judgment in the U.S. District Court for 1974 wa.s another Nixon failure. But the Ad­ showing to the Marines in his unit might ministration keeps hinting darkly at deeper the District of Columbia where the mili­ 1! released, create only revulsion. Or it might progress. tary ruling was affirmed. The court of have produced a strong reaction. Conceiv­ ably more might have shared his views. But Now, they can't have lt both ways. If the appeals reversed, holding article 134 un­ surface evidence is wrong and there was constitutionally vague. On July 8 the he wa.s not setting up a rendezvous for all Supreme Court reversed the judgment who wanted to go AWOL nor laying a dark deeper progress-that, to me, means secret plot against his superior officers. He was at­ agreements. If there were no secret agree­ below and reinstated the court-martial tempting to speak with his comrades in arms ments, then the sur!ace evidence stands 1 verdict. In a 6-3 per curium decision, about the oppressive nature o! the war they Considering the course of this detente so Secretary of the Navy against Avrech were fighting. His attempt, if successful, far, considering its public give-aways, its the Court found the case of Parke; might at best result in letters to his family open unilateral concession to the Soviet against Nevy, in which the constitution­ or Ccmgressman or Senators who might read Union, I shudder to think o! what any ality of article 134 had recently been up­ what he said to local people or publish the secret agreements might mean !or the fu­ held, controlling. letters in newspapers or make him the sub­ ture of America and freedom in this world. ject of debate in legislative halls. I think the American people are entitled Apart from the unconscionable denial of the most basic rights of free thought Secrecy and suppression of views which to know what really happened in Yalta.. the Court today sanctions increases rather The answer may rest with the historians and expression represented by the Avrech than repels the dangers of the world in which of tomorrow-but, let us at least have the holding-to which I will return in a mo­ we live. I think full dedication to the spirit debate I ment--the case casts into bold relief cer- of the First Amendment is the real solvent 25628 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1974 of the dangers a.nd tensions of the day. That rights for all Americans, the large numbers program adequately. Even with an expected philosophy may be hostile to many military of "disadvantaged" children who were not appropriation for fiscal year 1975 of $1.885 minds. But it is time the Nation made clear learning to read, began to capture the atten­ blliion (up $177 million from fiscal year that the mllitary is not a system apart but tion of legislators and administrators who 1974), members of Congress were forced to lives under a Constitution that allows dis­ believed they could solve these problems squabble over an amount of funds too small cussion of the Great Issues of the day, not through social intervention programs and to have a lasting impact on most of the mil­ merely the trivial ones-subject to limita­ technology. lions of children deemed eligible no matter tions as to time, place, or occasion but never In this socially resp meetings of the sect. In the Ba.rnaul Christians want to live their faith RIGHTS interests of your soL Sergei, the court right­ and to pass it on to their chlldren. The re­ Unlike in any other communist country ly decided to place him in the care of the sult has been, !or themselves, harassment ln Europe, Soviet children are still being re­ welfare and medical authorities.' and persecution, and for their children, moved from the custody of their parents on "This answer speaks for itself. In this an­ mockrey and ill-treatment at school. This the grounds that they are being brought up swer not a word is said about the basic doc·..t­ became so bad that the Christian parents as Christians. An account of the trial of four ments on the rights of the case-t:1e Con­ removed their children from school, refusing Russian Baptists in connection with the edu­ stitution of the USS. -t, the above-mentioned to send them back until the situation cation of children was published in Sovet­ 'Decree' (on the separation of school from changed. This tense state of affairs lasted for skaia Belorussia on Aprll 27, 1973. church) and the 'Convention' (on the strug­ about a year. The children have now re­ Among the defendants was Nina Masiuk, a gle against discrimination in education). turned to school, but it is not known member of an unregistered Baptist con­ "The attitude of Comrade Sha.rdyko is not whether their situation has really improved. gregation in Soltgorsk. Her son Sergei was that of a man standing in the strength of A more recent case which may be men­ removed from custody of his mother in 1971, his duty of safeguarding the laws of the tioned is that of Zoia Radygina of Perm. and in November 1972 she was formally de­ country and the principles of justice. It is A court order depriving Mrs. Radygina. of prived of parental rights. The boy, the arti­ the attitude of an atheist, who, setting aside her three younger children was passed on cle reports, has suffered severe physical and all laws, public opinion and social practice, June 8, 1973; the pollee came to the house moral harm from being forced to attend wants forcibly to prevent people from be­ on August 1. When she appealed against numerous meetings from an early age and lieving in God and removes children from this cruel action, she was told that she from the narrowness of his religious up­ their parents for the sole reason of their had failed to educate her children in the bringing. belief in God." spirit of the "Moral Code of a Builder of Consequently he himself, we are told, The Bulletin also sets forth the case of Communism" (the Soviet guideline to the greeted his admission to a children's home the Berdnik family of Kaliningra.d. All five education of the young). Her two boys, Sasha "with great joy." Despite his mother's at­ of the children of Ivan and Anna Berdnik, and Vasta, were taken away by the police. tempts to abduct him he is now more healthy aged between twelve and under one year, Eleven-year-old Tamara was not at home, in every way, doing well at school and, leaving were taken away from them in 1971. Like and is said to be in hiding with relatives. his religious beliefs behind him, being active Sergei's mother, the Berdniks were accused Zoia Radygina.'s plight has called forth in the Komssomol. "Yes," the article con­ of causing "moral harm" to the children by appeals from all over the Soviet Union. Many cludes, "this boy has been saved." bringing them up as Christians and encour­ groups of believers have written to the Soviet The names of Sergei and his mother, how­ aging them to attend "Sunday school" les­ leaders asking that her children be returned ever, are not unknown ln the West, thanks sons held on Saturdays in the houses of var­ to her. These appeals were echoed in London to the Council of Prisoners' Revelatives, ious members of their church. The submis­ by demonstrations outside the Soviet Em­ whose Bulletin No. 10, compiled in October sion of the local education authority to the bassy on March 8 and 23, 1974, organized 1972, devoted a considerable amount of space regional court states that: by "Aid to the Russian church." to the mother and son's own statements "In the Berdnik family, children learn to Some appeals on behalf of Mrs. Radygina. about the affair. Such information from the pray from the age of two. As soon as they recently received in the West mention a. Bulletin means that one can now often cross­ can write they are given the task of copying number of similar cases, though without check information from Christian and hos­ psalms, which they are forced to learn by giving many details. Two families from the tlle atheist sources in Russia. Sergei's ac­ heart and then recite at the prayer meetings Crimea, Roma.novich and Zdorov, are said count is as follows: in front of the believers. in an appeal to Podgorny and Rudenko dated January 1974 to have lost their par­ "On April 4, 1972, the headmaster of school "On investigation of the Berdnik house­ ental rights. Another appeal on behalf of No. 3, Nikolai Nikolaevich Daigot, called me hold, a commission consisting of members of Mr. Radyglna. mentions a family called from classes and took me to the chlldren's the Parents' Committee of the school sub­ Ivanov which suffered a similar !ate in April department at the police station. Then a mitted that the family consisted of seven last year. policeman arrived with some other people, persons . ... The famUy was not well off. Five including my !ather. The pol1ceman took me children slept in one dark, smoke-blackened These and other accounts of a similar na­ by the arm and made me get into a car. They room.'' ture seem to provide evidence that t he prac­ took me to a boarding school at Krasnaia The implication of the report 1s that the tice of depriving believers of parental rights Sloboda in the Sollgorsk district, Minsk re­ parents' beliefs are being painfully imposed is spreading. gion. When they took me I cried a lot. . . ." upon the children. [From East-West Digest, J uly 1974] Sergei's father, a_t irresponsible and vio­ In another part of the document the Sun­ lent man, left his wife and two sons in 1968, day school is described, where the children GEORGI VINS ARRESTED AGAIN visiting them subsequently from time to were taught to sing songs and hymns, which, One of the world's outstanding Christian time only to threaten and mistreat them. !rom the titles quoted, sound very much like leaders has just been arrested in the Soviet It was he who began to persuade the au­ those sung by Sunday school children the Union. Georgi Vins is one of the founders of thorities to deprive his wife, Nina, of the world over-yet the description succeeds in the Soviet "reform Baptists." The Soviet custody of their younger son. His weapon making the whole thing take on a sinister press calls them initsia.tivnikl. This group against her was none other than her Chris­ air: split !rom the official Baptists in 1961, stating tian belief. Althoug:.. the father was de­ "It has been established that Mr. and Mrs. that the official Church had compromised -clared by the court to be unfit to care for a Berdnlk permitted their sons to attend with the authorities. Vins, now aged 46, has ch1ld, Sergei was nevertheless sent away "to religious instruction and prayer meetings, been one of the leaders from the beginning. isolate him from the influence of religion_:_" where they were taught the fundamentals In 1966 there took place one of the most

/ 25634 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 197.~ remarkable events in the life of this move­ and continued imprisonment rests with you. detect signals close to the ground because ment, the May demonst ration outside the I! our !ather is not released and 1f meas­ of background "clutter," FLIR operates at Central Committee building of the Commu­ ures are taken against him in prison which any altitude and over great distance. Heat nist Party in Moscow. Vins was one of those endanger his health, then we want to inform !rom an airplane's fuselage, even mlles away, arrested at that time. He was later sentenced you and believers throughout the world that is sufllcient to form an image on the scope. to three years in the labour camps. A tran­ our whole family is tully resolved to die with As the smugglers were sneaking acrosr. the script of his trial is included in Michael htm:• border seemingly unnoticed, patrolling agents Bourdeau's book Faith on Trial in Russia­ Our address: Kiev-114, ul. Soshenka llb. in the air received a terse radio message: the biography of Georgi Vlns. His health be­ NATASHA VINS. "Palomino is jumping the !ence." Palomino came worse and worse. His relatives and PETYA (PETER) VINS. was the Mexican nickname for 54-year-old friends appealed urgently on his behalf and LizA Vms. Martin Houltin, a long-sought notorious drug a campaign began In the West. It may well ZHENYA (EuGENE) VINS. tramcker who had been evading capture for be due to this that Vins remained alive. Re­ The fact that Vins's family has been under years. leased at the end of his term, he returned ofllclal scrutiny is revealed in omcial sources The message "jumping the fence" was a home to convalesce. He then took up leader­ too. An article in the June 1971 issue o! the tip-off from ground agents that Boultin and ship o! the Church again. In 1970 a new case Soviet atheist magazine Science and Rellglon his partners were making another border hop. was opened against him, but he refused to lamented that: "Teachers at the Kiev Inter­ The airborne agents immediately switched obey summonses to appear at government mediate School No. 16 did not even know on their FLIR scopes, picked up Houltln's ofllces. In order to continue his church work, that the !ather of one of their pupils, Petya planes on the screen and gave chase. By mon­ Vlns was forced to leave home and live in Vlns, was one of the leaders of the initsiativ­ itoring Houlton's radio frequencies, they hiding, seeing his wife and family only on niki, although the boy had been studying learned his destination-a deserted stretch occasional visits. Other reform Baptist lead­ there for two years, did not take part in cul­ of back road in the New Mexico wllderness ers live under similar conditions. tural outings and refused to joint the where trucks and cars were waiting to take News has just reached the West that Pioneers." over his deadly cargo. As the agents tracked Georgi Vtns has been found and arrested in the smugglers' fiight on their screens, they Kiev. This took place at the end of March began alerting pollee helicopters and ground and the detalls are still shrouded in mystery. THE VI AR AGAINST NARCOTICS units to proceed to the rendezvous point. By Even the family does not know his condition TRAFFICKERS the time the planes touched down, using the and they have issued urgent appeals to the road as a landing strip, the helicopters and government and believers. His mother, Lidia, police patrol cars were already converging herself released only recently after three HON. PETER A. PEYSER on the scene. years in detention, has said that he has been OF NEW YORK That was the end of Houltin and his gang. arrested a "state criminal." His church as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Seized in the dramatic capture were 2300 has joined in fasting and prayer. Vins has pounds of marijuana--enough to put the tour children and they have written this Monday, July 29, 1974 not-so-smug smugglers out of business be­ moving letter to the Soviet leaders. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, as we all hind bars for many years. This was late last fall, one of the first uses o! the new FLIR APRU. 18, 1974. know. one of the critical areas of concern To: A. N. Kosygin, the Kremlin, Moscow tracking system. Now, with FLIR's help, air· to our national health and safety 1s the borne smuggling, one of the most elusive N. V. Podgorny, the Kren.Un, Moscow on-going war against narcotic tramckers, Copies to: CouncU of Church of Evangelical forms of drug trafilcking, is rapidly being Christians and Baptists, Council of ECB which is being waged daily by the Drug brought under control. Prisoners• Relatives. Enforcement Agency. This is an espe­ But FLIR ts only one of many modern "In violation of the Constitution of the cially crucial battle now that Turkey sophisticated weapons now in use in the war USSR and of International conventions on has decided to resume opium growing. on smuggling. All over the country, Drug human rights, our father Georgi Petrovich Tile law enforcement agencies in our Enforcement Administration agents, U.S. V1rus has again been lllegally arrested for his country will need all the technological Customs omcials and state and local pollee religious convictions and his work in the are cooperating in an an-out massive Attack and scientific resources available to com­ on the drug menace. One inconspicuous aid Church. bat this menace effectively. "For thirteen years our father has con­ seldom noticed by motorists passing through stantly been subject to persecutions from Recently, an article appeared in Pop­ border checkpoints is helping to trap smug­ the authorities. He served a term of im­ ular Mechanics. written by Edward glers on the ground just as successfully as prisonment !rom 1966 to 1969, from which Hymoff-a constituent of mine from FLIR ls doing in the air. Most drivers are he returned with his health seriously under­ Yonkers, N.Y. It is most interesting never aware o! lts presence, but one ln par­ mined. This new arrest causes us to fear for and informative on the subject of how ticular has good reason to remember lt well. his llfe. We do not want to see our father On a recent afternoon, Luis Alberto Ascar­ technology can be used 1n this struggle. raga-Milmo was waiting calmly ln a line of posthumously rehabllltated like our grand­ I commend it to my colleague>-'>: father, Pyotr Yakovlevlch Vlns, who was cars-one of more than 7 mllllon vehicles sentenced for his religious convictions and THE WAK AGAINST NARCOTIC TRAFFICKERS that annually cross the International Bridge tortured to death in the camps, but later (By Edward Hymoff) spanning the Rio Grande River between rehabllltsted. The three small planes took o1f cautiously Nueva Laredo on the Mexican side and La­ ..OUr whole family has been suifering per­ one at a time, grouped smartly into forma­ redo, Tex., on the U.S. side. Getting through secutions !or many years now. Our grand­ tion, then streaked off through the dark­ the checkpoint would be a c1nch. thought mother, Lidia Mlkhsllovns Vlns, served a ened night sky, headed secretl:T for the U.S. the Mexican. He had made many slmllar term in the camps from 1970 to 1973 because border. The ships-fast, powerful turbo­ trtps, each time carrying heroin carefully hid­ she campaigned for our father during hlS charged Cessna 206s-were part of a highly den 1n a d11l"erent vehicle. Imprisonment and for other believers who -organized. well-equipped underworld "sir As the line of cars inched slowly Ul.rough had aru1fered repressions. Our mother, Mrs. force" used to smuggle marijua!la, heroin and the border inspection station a customs offi· N. I. Vtns, was dismissed from her job 1n other dangerous and lllegal drucs into the c1~1 would strike the keys of a small com­ 1962 because of her religious convictions and country from Mexico. The job would be "a puter console concealed inside his booth out for some years she was unable to get work piece of cake," thought the smugglers. They of motorists' View. He'd ta.p out a license­ anywhere. She Is now working, but not 1ll had done it many times before. Making as plate number on the keyboard, and from the her own profession. many as 18 trips a week, they'd fly down to computer's data bank 1350 mlles away 1n San "The repressions also affect us children. Mexico, pick up their llllcit cargo, then head Diego, Calif., a reply would come back al­ Natsshs Vins was 1Uegally dlsm.Jssed !rom back to some obscure delivery point inside most instantaneously. In most cases, the dis­ work on 9 January. 1974. During a preliml· the U.S. border. Operating from little-used play on the computer's small screen would nary conversation the senior doctor of Kiev or abandoned airstrips, running without be negative, indicating that the vehicle was Hospital No. 17, Khryapa, declared that he lights and flying low to escape radar detec­ not suspect. A!! Ascarraga-Milm.o rolled con­ would find a pretext !or dismissing her, since tion, they were virtually impossible to spot. fidently up to the booth, a relaxed, friendly religion and medicine wer& incompatible. This was just another routine mission, an­ smlle on h1s :face, the agent's fingers moved Petya Vins has flnlshed the tenth form (i.e. other valuable haul, another big laugh on the swiftly over the keyboard. In a flash. the he is now 17-Ed.) but cannot find work cops. screen was aUght and bl1nking with a "hit.·· anywhere. What the smugglers didn't reckon on was Data from the central bank described a "All these actions against our family are a crack team of airborne narcotics agents different vehlcle but the same registration, an attempt to annihilate us. Our father's following unseen from behind. The agents signaling that the car was "hot." The Mex­ preset arrest 1.s lmpermlssible, and it you do were using a new type of aircraft-

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, July 30, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. the Greek Orthodox Church of Southern ute, to revise and extend his remarks and The Reverend Paul Economides, Greek Maryland, and is also chaplain of the include extraneous matter.) Orthodox Church of Southern Maryland, Greek Orthodox students at Georgetown Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I rise to Annapolis, Md., offered the following University at the present time. voice my deep concern over the continued prayer: The Reverend Economides was born in buildup of Turkish forces in Cyprus. Tur­ Almighty and all merciful God, by Constantinople, Turkey, and studied at key's presence in Cyprus is undermining whom all powers and authorities are or­ the University of Athens, in Greece, and NATO efforts to reach an accord and is at Harvard. He has served since his or­ in clear defiance of the right of the dained, and who taught us that rulers dination at the Greek Orthodox cathe­ Cypriot people to determine their own are ministers of God to us, hear us, for destiny. unto Thee we bow our heads. dral in Boston, in New York City, and in Bless these men chosen by the people Columbus, Ohio. Turkish Premier Bulent Ecevit insists of this great country, for Thou knowest Pastor Economides has been instru­ that Turkey's right to maintain and re­ them. Thou knowest their needs, their mental in establishing the Greek Ortho­ inforce its units on Cyprus is "irrevo­ motives, their hopes, and their fears. dox Church of Southern Maryland, and cable." In fact, however, Turkey has no Send upon them, 0 Lord, Thy rich a new church and offices will be con­ such right. The 1960 settlement allows for structed on recently acquired land in the presence of small Turkish and Greek mercies and give them courage to admit units on Cyprus. This is a far cry from their mistakes. southern Maryland. I know that the new Preserve their lives and multiply their church will add much to our community, the 25,000 Turkish forces now occupying days with health and wisdom. and its pastor is to be commended for his a 200-square-mile zone on the island. The Grant unto them progress in all their enthusiastic and thoughtful efforts on present difficulties in Cyprus have en­ virtues, and bless the tenure of their of­ behalf of the Greek Orthodox community abled the Turkish military to accomplish fice so that they may be victorious in in Maryland. a feat which would not have been possible their struggle against evil, violence, in­ Reverend Economides' wife, Catherine, even by a frontal assault. justice, and poverty. Amen. and his elder son, George, are with us to­ Turkey must realize its international day in the gallery, and I know they join obligation to withdraw from Cyprus. De­ me in sharing personal and Maryland lay in removing their forces aggravates THE JOURNAL pride at the accomplishments of Father still another risk to peace, that of Soviet The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex­ Paul. efforts to assume a major role in negotia­ amined the Journal of the last day's pro­ tions. It is incumbent upon the NATO alliance to convince Turkey and all other ceedings and announces to the House his PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON approval thereof. foreign forces that their presence in HOUSE ADMINISTRATION TO FILE Cyprus is not conducive to a viable peace Without objection, the Journal stands REPORT ON H.R. 16090 approved. accord. There was no objection. Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ mous consent that the Committee on House Administration may have until PERSONAL EXPLANATION THE REVEREND PAUL G. ECONO­ MIDES OF ANNAPOLIS midnight tonight to file a report on H.R.