24670 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 241. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the the United States extending the right to vote \ By Mr. I CHORD: l House of Representatives of the Common­ to citizens 18 yea.rs of age and older; to the H.R. 9726. A bill for the relief of Eddie wealth of Massachusetts, relative to Con­ Committee on the Judiciary. Byrd; to the Committee on the Judiciary. gress appropriating the full funding au­ 244. Also, memorial of the Legislature of thorized by the Lead-Based Paint Poisoning the State of California, relative to Federal Preven tion Act of 1971; to the Committee on disaster relief funds; to the Committee on PETITIONS, ETC. Appropriations. Public Works. 242. Also, memorial of the House of Rep­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions resentatives of the Commonwealth of Mas­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk sachusetts, urging the Government of North and referred as follows: Vietnam to withdraw all Oommunlst troops PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 101. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Henry from South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Stoner, York, Pa., relative to statehood for and to release forthwith American prisoners bills and resolutions were introduced and Puerto Rico; to the Committee on Interior of wa.r; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. severally referred as follows: & Insular Affairs. 243. Also, memorial of the Legislature of 102. Also, petition of Romualdo Ma.turan, By Mr. CHAMBERLAIN: Mindanao, Ph111pp1nes, relative to redress of the State of Alabama, relative to ratifying the H.R. 9725. A bill for the relief of Moon Soo grievances; to the Committee on the Ju­ proposed amendment to the Constitution of Pa.rk; to the Committee on the Judiciary. diciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

DAVENPORT AND ''SATCH'' Harbor, where as many as a half-dozen Another time, he said: "I play the trumpet Streck!us boa.ts wintered) . and that's for me. There a.re only two kinds Sa.tchmo had special memories of Daven­ of music-good and bad. We (referring to HON. FRED SCHWENGEL port's chilly spring weather. "Man, it was himself) try to play good music." OF IOWA always cold when I'd get on the boat in When Armstrong turned three-score-and­ Davenport. I think it was so cold that once I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ten on the Fourth of July in 1970, he said, stood on the deck and told Capt. Streck!us "I'm happy. Every time I wake up it's a good Monday, July 12, 1971 that I would have to blow my horn to crack day and I feel in the pink. It's aWful nice to the ice so we could get out of that harbor.'' be breathing on your 70th birthday, let alone Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, while feeling in the pink." the Nation and the world mourn the HIS HORN STU.LED On that same occasion he played a record­ death of Louis Armstrong, those of us NEw YoRK.-Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong, ing of one of his early trumpet solos and had from Davenport feel a special loss be­ beloved troubadour of the jazz trumpet, with this to say: "Ain't nobody played nothing cause of his early ties to this area. A a delightful rasp to his voice and roll to his since, and can't nobody play nothing eye, died Tuesday, his heart worn out, h1s like it now." recent article and editorial in the Daven­ golden horn silent at last. He was 71 yea.rs That could be his epitaph and as long as port Times-Democrat discuss these early old on Sunday. old records, movies and television films and ties to Davenport. "Me and my horn, we come a. long way the printed word are a.round to give witness The article follows: together," Armstrong once observed. to his talents that epitaph will stand. Together, they ca.me out of a waif's refuge DAVENPORT AND "SATCH" in New Orleans, upriver to Chicago a.long the (By Bill Wundram) trail of jazz itself, then on to the show busi­ THE ARIZONA INDIANS He was a shy, fat-faced young man, and ness pinnacles of New York and Las Vegas, he carried his cornet in a paper bag when he and the motion picture studios of Hollywood. first saw Davenport, but Satchmo Armstrong And before they were through, Armstrong HON. BARRY GOLDWATER never forgot this river city. and his horn, together, had fascinated Inil­ OF ARIZONA "I always called it showboat town," Uons on five of the earth's continents. en­ Satchmo grinned whenever he'd visit Daven­ thralling both the humble and the royal. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES port in later years. Armstrong and his horn pierced even the Monday, July 12, 1971 No one ever heard of Louis Armstrong Iron Curtain, as he became one of the best when he tooted his horn in Davenport in the ambassadors the United States ever sent Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, early 1920s, but in his own way he was a.broad, a representatives of democracy whose Arizona Progress, the monthly publica­ making the foot of Brady Street a bit of portfolio's contents, in his words, "ain't poli­ tion of the Valley National Bank in Ari­ Bourbon Street. tics, it's just music." zona, contains in its June-July 1971 issue Some of Satchmo's most colorful days hark "In Africa," Armstrong once reminisced, a very concise and interesting resume of back to Davenport. Here, he joined the "the local tribe carried in their chief to where Arizona's Indians and how they are Streckfus Excursion Boat Line. The Streckfus I was playing. All he did was just look down progressing. I ask unanimous consent Line wintered in Credit Island Harbor, and and say just one word, 'Sa.tchmo!' Man, they that the article be printed in the Ex­ headquartered in Rock Island in those palmy knew me even there." days of the river. tensions of Remarks. "Every spring for years I'd come to Daven­ THE GREAT "SATCHMO" There being no objection, the article port and get on those big boats like the St. Quad-C1t1ans and the rest of the world wa.S ordered to be printed in the RECORD Paul and the Sidney, and what a wild time lost a friend Tuesday. He was Lc,uls (Sa.tch­ as follows: we'd have all summer long," Satchmo rec­ mo) Armstrong who blew his trumpet and ARIZONA'S INDIANS: AMERICANS BEFORE ollected during one concert date visit here a with a gravelly voice sang his way into the COLUMBUS few years ago. hearts of Inillions across the world. The first Americans-the Indians-are the Satchmo was playing with the legendary Along the way from a waif's home in most deprived and most isolated minority Fate Marable's band aboard the Streck!us New Orleans to a New York hospital where he group in our nation. On virtually every scale boats, and received $15 a week, with room was 71 Sunday "Satchmo" went from one­ of measurement--employment, income, edu­ and board. One steamy August morning, on night stands in hamlets all a.cross the nation cation, wealth-the condition of the Indian a run to Dubuque, and while the rest of the to jazz concerts in most of the world's cap­ people ranks at the bottom. musicians were still sleeping, Satchmo itals. But, the story of the Indian in America is especially remembered writing a song. "Satchmo" through the years played on something more than the record of white "It was 'I Wish I Could Shimmy Like My excursion boats in the Quad-City area and man's frequent aggression, broken agree­ Sister Kate.' Gosh, I didn't think it was any­ became a familiar sound and sight to thou­ ments, intermittent remorse and prolonged thing and I sold it for 50 bucks." sands in eastern Iowa and western Illi­ failure. It ls a record also of endurance, of Armstrong seemed to have perfect recall nois. survival, of adaptation and creativity in the about Davenport. There was a.bout him a. warm quality and face of overwhelming obstacles. It is a record "I remember always starting out the river­ a.n easy smile that made one relax in h1s of enormous contribution to this country­ boat sea.son in Davenport. Sometimes I'd go presence. Yet he was such a giant in the to its a.rt and culture, to its strength and down to the levee. I remember it was brick, musical world that it was a bit surprising spirit, to its sense of history and its sense of and pretty steep. (This was the era when the to discover he was short in physical stature­ purpose.-Presldent Nixon, Message to Con­ Davenport levee was a real levee, and not a a little under 5 foot 6. gress, July 8, 1970. mass parking lot). As a jazzman "Satchmo" never put on airs. Arizona is Indian Country. Within the "Most of the time, though, the band guys "Look, you don't pose, never. That's the last state's borders a.re 19 reservations covering would take some roads out into the country thing you do, because the minute you do about 31,000 square miles, or more than 27% and climb on the Streck!us boats in a you're through as a Jazzman. Maybe not as a of the total land area in Arizona. By compari­ harbor." (He was referring to Credit Island musician. But jazz is only what you a.re.'' son, land held in private hands accounts for ,

July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24671 less than 15 % of the state's geography. The mobile homes, valves, cleaning equipment way toward that worthy goal. area within the borders of Arizona's reser­ and food products. Miss Ella Fishback, community service vations is roughly equivalent to that of New Sunri~e Park, consisting of a ski resort chairman for Altrusa, and Mrs. Ronald Hampshire, Delaware, Vermont and Massa­ and lakeside facilities, has been completed on the Fort Apache Reservation. Kaplan, liaison between the club and the chusetts combined I rehabilitation center, have focused the Arizona Zand ownership Exciting new copper deposits are being Percent readied for mining by the Papa.gos in con­ efforts of their club toward providing a junction with Hecla and Newmont min1ng vital link between the residents of the Indian ------27.03 companies. rehabilitation center and the local com­ Federal ------44.91 About 900 Navajos are employed in as­ State ------13.12 munity. Working with center supervisor sembly of electronic components for Fair­ Marshall Fletcher and Director Charles Private ------14. 94 child Camera and Instrument Corporation. Arizona boasts the largest native Ameri­ General Dyna.mies employes about 200 Cox, these-ladies have made it their task can population in the U.S.~ne-fifth of wl Navajos at Fort Defiance, also in electronics to help the residents of the Kentucky Indians in the nation live here-and their ~sembly. center to help themselves. number is increasing more rapidly than the Although the development of some reserva­ Mrs. A. Luke Brown, who is Just retir­ whole state's population (and three t!:nes tions has been hampered by a remote loca­ ing as president of Altrusa, has a right to faster than the U.S. population). tion and lack of urban facilities, the San be "very, very proud." The ladies of Al­ Xavier Papagos, the Yavapai-Prescott Com­ trusa have helped to prove a basic truth Percent munity, the Salt River-Pima-Maricopa Com­ in which I have long believed: given the Arizona 1960 1970 gtin munity and the Hopi Reservation are con­ tiguous to metropolitan centers. opportunity, given a helping hand, the handicapped members of our community Total population ______1, 302,000 1,772,000 36.1 The San Xavier Industrial Park adjoins the Indian population______83,000 114,000 37.3 Tucson International Airport, and is near can develop their talents and become two major interstate highways, which faclli­ useful, productive members of our so­ tates overnight truck delivery to Phoenix, Los Source : U.S. Census and Bureau of Indian Affairs. ciety. Altrusa and the Kentucky center Angeles, Las Vegas, Albuquerque and El Paso. deserve our thanks for holding out such The resurgence in Indian population is The Yavapai Community is adjacent to amazing in face of the fact that: scenic Prescott, and it works in close asso­ a helping hand. U.S. average life expectance for Indians is ciation with offl.cials of the city in area Mr. Speaker, I insert in the RECORD at 44 years; development. this point an article by Joan Kay in last Infant morta.Mty is 50 % higher for Indians The Salt River Community offers choice week's Courier Journal about the fine than tor the entire U.S. population; commercial-industrial locations in the im­ efforts of the ladies of Altrusa at the Per capita income of Indians is $1,500, mediate Phoenix area. The Salt River Res­ Kentucky Center for the Rehabilitation compared with $3,900 nationwide. ervation adjoins three of Arizona's fastest of the Blind: The gains achieved by Indians have not growing cities: Tempe, Mesa and Scottsdale. been limited to population. The educational The Hopi Tribal Industrial Park is situated ALTRUSA VOLUNTEERS SERVICE AT CENTER FOR advances by Indian youth actually are paving in Winslow, a major railroad center for THE BLIND the way tor development of the reservations. Northern Arizona. (By Joan Kay) Indians in increasing numbers are entering Various state and local governmental and The aim of the year-old Kentucky Re­ all streams of economic life. For example, a quasi-governmental agencies are occupied in habilitation Center for the Blind 1s to pro­ recent meeting in Tempe, Arizona, was economic development activities for Arizona. vide help in personal adjustment and to attended by approximately 80 Indian law The Indian Tribes in the state have estab­ teach skills for personal independence. students! Skills and knowledge that until lished their own organization, the Indian Beginning last fall, the center received an recently were not available to large numbers Development District of Arizona, which is assist in this goal through a series of lec­ of Indians now ia.re being acquired and em­ actively engaged in attracting business and tures and recreational programs set up by ployed to foster economic growth. industry to the reservations. IDDA also is­ Altrusa Club of Louisville, a service club Both white man and Indian will benefit assisting individual Indians in establishing made up of women in executive positions. from development on the reservations. In their own businesses. The center is open to people who are le­ earlier yea.rs, economic progress largely was The Indian in Arizona has grasped the gally blind, said supervisor Marshall roadblocked by ethnic, cultural and social opportunity for determining personally his Fletcher; there a.re varying types of visual differences between white men and Indian. future, and he is proceeding at an acceler­ impairments. Currently there is room for 12 These ethnic problems now a.re gradually ating pace in economic development of the residents, and by fall there will be facillties being resolved. reservations. He long has been respected for for 18 residents and possibly six day stu­ The principal advantages to businesses contributions to America's social and politi­ dents. The age range is about 17 to over 50, locating on a reservation a.re the availabillty cal heritage, and now, his role in the Ameri­ and the length of stay generally is between of (1) an untapped labor pool, (2) direct can economic picture is expanding, also. 12 and 24 weeks. and/or institutional job training for workers For it is out of a rich Indian democratic Some of the clients are newly blind, and at low cost to employers, (3) equipment and tradition that the distinctive political ideals "more than 50 per cent do not read Braille plant financing, (4) some tax advantages, of American life emerged. Universal suffrage when they come," said Fletcher. and (5) the availability of strategically for women as well as for men, the pattern of The objectives are "to provide an adjust­ located industrial and commercial sites. states within a state that we call federalism, ment period, psychological and emotional, ARIZONA INDIAN POPULATION BY RESERVATION the habit of treating chiefs as servants of the to blindness, and to learn basic skills for per­ people instead of as their masters, the insist­ sonal independence," such as typing, Braille ence that the community must respect the and how to identify clothing. Popula­ Square diversity of men and the diversity of their "One of the very Important things is mo­ Reservation and tribe(s) tion miles dreams-all these things were part of the bility instruction-how to travel with the American way of life before Columbus land­ use of a cane. Ak-Chin (Maricopa): Papa go. ______248 34 ed.-From The Legal Conscience by Felix s. "Our primary objective is to rehabilitate Camp Verde: Yavapai-Apache ______690 1 Cohen (the clients) to work," Fletcher said. They Cocopah: Cocopah. ______101 1 Colorado River: Mohave-ChemehuevL ••• l, 730 353 may go on to vocational school or into jobs. Fort Apache: Apache ______6, 230 2, 601 The state has placement counselors who work Fort McDowell : Yavapai. ______335 39 ALTRUSA-HELPING PEOPLE TO to place the people, and work evaluations Fort Mohave: Mohave ______336 37 made by a center staff member are sent to Gila Bend: Papago ______446 16 HELP THEMSELVES Gila River : Pima-Maricopa ______7, 992 581 the clients' rehabil1tation counselors. Havasupai: Havasupai______370 5 HOUSES KENTUCKY INDUSTRIES 6, 144 3, 863 1, 033 l, 550 HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI The building at 1900 Brownsboro Road 138 188 OF KENTUCKY ~~ri:;~~::~~:!~~~iNavajo: Navajo __ __~-~ ------~~ ~ ~: ::______:::: ::_::____ :: :_ houses the center and the Kentucky Indus­ 71, 396 14, 014 7, 218 4, 334 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tries for the Blind. Both are under the Ken­ ~:FtaH~:e~~~f~~:p,,-a-ricopa ~::::: :: : : : : : 2, 345 73 tucky Department of Education, Bureau of San Carlos : Apache ______4, 709 2, 898 Monday, July 12; 1971 Rehabilitation, and are individually San Xavier: Papago ______2, 090 lll budgeted. Yavapai-Prescott: Yavapai. ______90 2 Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to call to the attention of my col­ "The center is free to everyone who comes leagues the selfless humanitarian services here, through state and federal funds," said Source: Bureau of Indian Affairs. of the Altrusa Club of Louisville to the Fletcher. The Pima and Maricopa Indians on the Kentucky Rehabilitation Center for the A year ago June the first clients came to Gila River Reservation, with financial as­ the cent.er, which is a new program in Ken­ sistance from the Economic Development Blind. The purpose of the center is to tucky. Previously clients were sent to other Administration, have formed a non-profit help blind people to adjust to their han­ states for this service. company to establish the Pima-Chandler In­ dicap, and to prepare themselves for in­ Last September Miss Ella Fishback, Al­ dustrial Park. There are five plants located in dependent and productive lives. In its trusa's community service chairman, and the pa.rk producing: styrofoam conta.iners, first year, the center has moved a long Mrs. Ronald R. Kaplan, who later became I

24672 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 \l liaison between the club and the center, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD As you know, I am in the business of na­ met to discuss possible service with Charles as follows: ' tional defense. This is regarded by most peo­ Cox, director of Kentucky Industries and Helena, Mont., ple as defending our country against attack, Rehabilitation Center for the Blind. Among June 24, 1971. invasion, or some type of forceful incursion the needs were recreation, taping of ma­ Mr. JOHN GARCIA, by an enemy country or countries. It is of terials for instruction and leisure and Office of Job Development, course, that, but it ls also much more; and lectures. Denver, Colo. must be regarded as a mission of much Altrust's first fellowship hour was held in DEAR Sm: How does one thank the Federal broader context than was the case until a October, and later ones included a program Government for feeding, teaching, loving and relatively short while a.go. In a world bat­ by a disc jockey and a dinner at a shopping caring for a child for a period of three years? tleground where ballistic missiles are aimed center department store. This will be a feeble attempt to do so by an at continents in the manner that art1llery Weekly lectures on Friday afternoons in­ appreciative and concerned Mother. pieces were once aimed across the river, de­ cluded a talk on Social Security benefits for My family has been fortunate to be con­ fense of a national future, or a national way the blind by Miss Waltzie Cooke, a claims rep­ sidered "middle class" with advantages others of life, or even moral survival becomes an resentative for the Social Security Adminis­ have not had. However when a faltering intricate, many-faceted endeavor of awe­ tration in Louisville, and care of teeth by Dr. marriage and ultimate divorce forced me to some significant proportions and surpassing Edr1 Lohri, director of the curriculum of den­ seek employment, I needed help for my three importance. tal hygiene at the University of Louisville year old daughter. Luckily my little Lori In looking back briefly into recent hi.story, School of Dentistry. entered one of Helena's two Head Start Day I would say that this country became an in­ On their first field trip, the center's client.s Care Centers. This was a difficult transition disputable world power about the year 1898. were taken aboard an airplane at Standiford but overcome in a short time. Our spectacular growth of 122 years, with Field, and recently Sgt. Don Cummines of The teachers, field trips and knowledge only minor periods of external interference, the Louisville Fire Prevention Bureau; who these children are exposed to, still amaze me. proved not only the wisdom and strength of a had given a talk on safety earlier, returned I do not exclude snacks, excellent lunches government built around freedom, dignity, with a fire truck for the client.s to become habit and manner training and just pla~ and equal opportunity for the individual; but acquainted with. tender, loving care. This program is great! equally the advantages of capitalism under ACCUMULATING A LmRARY I brag about Head Start, particularly our free competition. For the succeeding 50 years Altrusa Club ls building a cassette library patient, professional staff. There are too we prospered further-almost unbelievably­ for the center by taping the lectures and many people to single out, but the staff in in spite of participation in two world wars, also books and pamphlets. The club also Helena, Montana deserves much credit for due in large part (as some people now tend stocked a publications display, useful to such a. successful and tremendous program. to forget) to the endowment of a magnificent sighted members of clients' families, on such I feel I have "carried my torch" by attend­ defense. Our foreign policy from 1898 to 1948 topics as financial aid or travel concessions ing parent meetings, social functions and was a. rather simple but adroit one which for the blind. serving on the local PAC. Even my other two capitalized on this natural defense of the Most of the expenses of the service project children have contributed to this overwehlm­ Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; on a relatively came from club members' donations. A dona­ lng program. We hope to continue even the weak Asia; and on a balance of power in tion from the Fred Kunz Foundation bought Lori is now a graduate of Head Start. Europe which helped to main.tain, in a most a microphone for recording equipment. My point in this letter is: keep Head Start favorable manner, our well-being and pros­ "We're very, very proud" of the program, enlarge Head Start, push Head Start. I feei perity. In 1948-or thereabouts---a.J.l of this said Mrs. A. Luke Brown, whose term of office it is not just for the dire poor, but for those cha.nged, drastically and irrevocably. The as Altrusa president ended last week. "We're of us who are trying to support and raise bomber and the atomic weapon and the trying to help them adjust on a local level." our families properly. I would like to see the ICBM changed it. In other words, technology Altrusa was the first club to volunteer its income limitation bend where the circum­ changed our security and well-being. services, said Fletcher, and the only organiza­ stances warrant. God and the Government I believe there are many people Ln the tion prese!ltly doing volunteer work. The lec­ help those who only help themselves. United States who do not fully understand ture series he feels has been very beneficial My deepest regards, this--and the implications to our security. to the center. "It's the kind of information JEAN M. EICKMEYER. We no longer have a weak Asia. And we no the clients continually want to know and are longer have a. balance of power in Europe asking questions about." that puts us in a position of unquestionable This summer the center has a special 10- superiority over any proba.ble coalition of week prevocational and precollege course in GEN. BRUCE K. HOLLOWAY AD­ enemies. progress for an age range of 16 to 19, and DRESSES THE CHICAGO CLUB Today I want to tell you in a few words Altrusa ls continuing its lecture series, with ROOM ONE HUNDRED GROUP what this means to me in terms of secur­ first aid training slated for August. The ing the United States against the external club's volunteer program will continue at the threat of the 1970's, and how my business, center next year. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE the Strategic Air Command, figures prin­ cipally in this security. In order to frame OF TEXAS my thoughts, I want first to say a. little IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the threat, and more importantly, the Monday, July 12, 1971 nature of the threat as I see it. A MOTHER'S APPRAISAL OF From 1949 until 1962, the Russians worked HEADSTART Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, hard to build up their strategic forces of Gen. Bruce Holloway, Commander in atomic weapons and intercontinental ve­ HON. LEE METCALF Chief of the Strategic Air Command, hicles. We worked hard, too, and-with the addressed the Chicago Club Room One admitted help of a head start--vastly out­ OF MONTAN<\ Hundred Group on May 27 and advanced stripped them. At the time of the Cuba con­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES frontation, the Russians backed down and some very positive thoughts on today's took their missiles out. I do not profess to Monday, July 12, 1971 state of the Nation and the dilemma it know all of the considerations which led to Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, the mail faces. I commend it to the Members of this decision, but principal among them must from constituents is a constant delight. the House and Senate as it contains have been our unquestioned superiority in General Holloway's studied evaluation of strategic forces. Certainly, the Russians lost Even the critical mail is meaningful tremendous face and prestige throughout the sometimes humorous and frequently the Communist threat evolving from the Soviet strategic offensive force expansion world from this action-and especially in the helpful. But every once in awhile a letter of the past few years: Communist world over which they are try­ comes in that is especially significant. ing so desperately to maintain control. I One such letter is from one of my neigh­ REMARKS BY GENERAL BRUCE K. HOLLOWAY think the lesson-the fundamental im­ bors in Helena, Mont., Mrs. Eickmeyer­ Ever since 1949-when the Russians set portance of strong strategic forces to inter­ whom I have never met but I am cer­ off their first atomic device--! have heard national negotiation-was learned much tainly ?oing to try to her on my military planners in positions of responsi­ more forcibly by the Russians from the Cuba ~eet b111ty say that the next year, or next five, affair than it was by any other participant next trip home---has written an eloquent or ten years will be the most crucial that or spectator. We see this by their actions of and heart-warming letter about Head­ the United States has ever faced. You hear the past nine years. Without any apparent start. This is a mother's appraisal of more of it today: that the 1970's are the political or economic restraint, their improve­ Headstart. She says to "keep Headstart, most crucial; that we wlll make or break ment and enlargement of strategic forces enlarge Headstart, push Headstart " ourselves during the next decade. has proceeded a.t a rate far in excess of our Here is a voluntary expression f;om a This time I believe it. They are, mani­ own. mother: "Headstart is great.'' festly, extremely crucial years that will re­ During these nine years, we have intro­ quire a steadfast will and resolve by the duced no new missiles, although improved I ask unanimous consent that Mrs people of this country to support adequate versions of the Minuteman, of which we now Eickmeyer's letter be printed in th~ programs of both internal and external ori­ have one thousand, and of the Polaris, of RECORD. entation if the great things we believe in which we have 656 in 41 submarines, are There being no objection, the letter are to survive. being brought into the program, and further July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24673 improvements of these weapon systems are can be short-Ii ved: matters of expediency massive intercontinental nuclear exchange, scheduled. Our bomber force has numerically to be broken when the issues at stake no it is true that deterrence seems at the mo­ decreased. All B-47s and all B-58s have been longer warrant alliance. Communist nations ment to be well served. But the chess game phased out, and the B-52 force has been re­ know and understand this, although it seems is much deeper and more sophisticated than duced in size. However, the FB-111 of which that citizens of the free world sometimes that. I have tried to describe the form <>! the there will be 66 aircraft in a total of 4 squad­ do not. danger as I see it, and the importance of rons, is currently being introduced into the c;:ommunist China is surely the number one insuring that we can negotiate from strength, operational force. The B-1, which promises to immediate worry of Russia. The country it­ and hope eventually for a better world where be a fine bomber, is now scheduled for full­ self has survived forty centuries of great vi­ armaments can be reduced without the scale development, and could be in opera­ cissitudes that we know of. Its leadership has things we hold dear also being reduced. It tion in the late 70's if a decision to produce alrea.dy challenged Russian leadership of cannot be done by disarming unilaterally, is made later on. Both the missile and bomb­ world-wide communism, and the Soviets find further Soviet arms growth--or technological er improvement programs are important­ themselves facing a decade during which they advancement-could turn the tide if we fall and vital-and must be supported if the could lose this control; and if they do, they to maintain a healthy defense program-and balance is not to tip in favor of the Rus­ lose their world. Thus ------if the most particularly that which pertains to sians, because they are continuing strongly 1970•s are crucial to the United States, they strategic forces. to bolster their strategic forces. are perhaps even more so to the Russians. Two years ago at the Air Force Academy The Soviet Union now has an intercon­ Sooner or later they must bring Communist graduation ceremonies, President Nixon tinental ballistic missile force of various sizes China back into line-by m111tary force as made this comment: "I do not consider my and shapes approaching 1500 operational they did Czechoslovakia--or by continuing to recommendations infallible. But if I have launchers. The SS-9 is certainly the most exploit the unresolved conflicts of the west made a mistake, I pray that it is on the side formidable weapon of war yet built by man. and the third world. The choice, in order to cf too much (defense) and not too little. It is able to launch warheads of up to 25 maintain Communist leadership so neces­ If we do too much, it will cost us our money. megaton yield for intercontinental ranges. sary to eventual world domination, is about If we do too little, it may cost our lives." There are already about 300 SS-9s under con­ that simple. Not so recently, in New York City on Novem­ struction or operational and several improve­ A Russian m111tary suppression of China ber 11, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt ments are under active flight test, including would be a very costly affair. It not only made a point that we need to keep in a po­ one which ca.n deliver 3 re-entry vehicles of would entail great outlays of men, weap­ sition of preparedness, not because we want an estimated 5 megatons yield each. Recent­ ons, and rubles which would weaken their war, but because we desire to stand with ly we have discovered evidence of construc­ overall structure, but it would further con­ those whose plea for peace is listened to with tion of a large new silo system, which could solidate the rest of the world against them. i'epectful attention. house a modified version of the SS-9 or pos­ Pre-emptive· use of atomic weapons would Our great nation is made up of many sibly a new ICBM system. particularly galvanize the free nations, and forces, many problems, many resources and This is perhaps the most notable advance­ it is ha.rd to see how Rus3ia would survive many needs. My role is not that of one who ment on the Russian side in the 1962-71 such an undertaking in a shape and form pleads in his own narrow self-interest. I am period, but there are several more, to include which could successfully go on toward their first Of all an American, and I have always intermediate range ballistic missiles, medium dream of international Communism for all. believed that in the American system the range missiles and-most notably-a fa.st Looking at the other choice, it is interest­ telllng is as important as the doing-that growing fleet of ballistic missile subma.rines ing to engage in the game of "what if?" communication is all-important. Second, similar to our Polaris fleet. In addition to What would happen if the Cuba affair oc­ after being an American I am a professional, almost 200 heavy bombers in its strategic curred today? Wha.t would we do? What and my profession is national defense. inventory, the Soviet Union has over 700 me­ would they do? I don't know, but I do Therefore, my hope was to use this meeting dium range bombers--including a. new know that we came through this crisis with a most distinguished group of fellow­ "swing wing" supersonic one-all of which partically unsca.thed because of our Americans to discuss that facet of our life could carry atomic weapons int.o Europe, or unquestioned strategic superiority. What and our future for which I have some re­ on one way missions into the United States. if they put their missiles in there again? I sponsib1lity-to give you one view for your Air defenses have improved and expanded don't think they would, because since 1962 use, along with those views you w1ll get from tremendously-interceptors, surface to air they have found a better mousetrap to sub­ experts in other areas of national importance, missiles, and anti-aircraft; a.s well as ABM stitute for their purpose: the SLBM. So we in developing your own sound judgments systems, a.nd radar coverage for warning and can probably dismiss this "wha.t if," but about the course we must steer into the control of all systems. There is no sign of wha·t if they directly supported a.n Ea.st Ger­ challen~ng future. this letting up, although the SALT confer­ man effort to seal off the corridor3 and take In the final analysis, I work for the ence at Helsinki and Vienna does herald a possession of Berlin by military force, and President, and the Secretary of Defense, and step toward eventually checking th·e trend then sa.ld, "Now let's negotiate." What would the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and I have the of ever-more powerful and annihllistic we do? Again, I don't know what we would greatest admiration and enthusiasm for the weapons. I think the President phrased well do, but it would be tragic if we were to do defense goals which they have established this danger in these words: "If we pursue nothing. Should it come to pass that their for the immediate and proximate future. I arms control a.s an end in itself, we will not strategic forces become stronger than ours, work for you, too, and for me and my kids. achieve our end. The adversaries of the world and that they know they are strong.er­ I have then. attempted, for all of us, to tell a.re not in conflict because they are armed. there is every reason to expect that they you why I think it is of cardinal importance They a.re armed because they are in con­ would undertake incursions, erosions, or to support a strong. strategic military force flict, and have not yet learned peaceful ways outright territorial grabs. We could expect program for the 1970's. The motto of the Stra­ to resolve their conflicting national inter­ effort to blackmail both the Communist tegic Air CommanG is "Peace is our PrOfes­ ests." world, and the free world, to achieve Soviet sion." It is certainly a worthy motto, and This trend in strategic power which I have goals. The star of the future would be quite one not without precedent. Saint Luke, in briefly described ls well known--or should be. clear, and it is a very ugly star for us to the XIth Chapter of his Gospel, 21st Verse, The statistics, and more, have been made contemplate. S!\ld: "When a strong ma.n armed keepeth his public several times. I have not told you any­ The fifty states of the United States and palace, his goods are in peace." Thank you. thing new, but have reviewed it principally our territories and treaty partners do not to introduce some thoughts on why the Rus­ want to break away. They are bound to­ sians a.re doing i t--a.nd why the trend to our gether through common beliefs and collec­ disadvantage continues. I cannot believe it tive cause. This is a giant moral strength, DRUG ABUSE is because they are afraid of an attack by the likes o'f which the USSR does not enjoy. the United States. The Soviet choice has been to strive for over­ Aside from the limited U.S. military in­ whelming strategic force a.s a means toward HON. MILTON R. YOUNG tervention in Russia following the Russian realizing ultimate goals. We dare not let them OF NORTH DAKOTA Revolution, there is nothing in the history achieve this. The people of the United States of our country-by word or deed-that could must understand this fundamentality, and IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES foreseeably give the Russians cause to fear a support-at least for the 1970'~ structure Monday, July 12, 1971 military aggression on our part. All signs are, of strategic military power which will ensure in fact, just the opposite. On the other hand, our a.b111ty to deter nuclear war. This is the Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, drug there is much to cause the Russians big con­ route whereby the Strategic Arms Limitation abuse has fast become one of the most cern in the Communist world itself. They are Tad.ks can succeed. I believe it is the only serious problems facing our entire Nation. the leaders, or have been until recently, and route if we are eventually to persuade the It has affected every State and many have tolerated very little deviationism in Kremlin that its grand design is futlle­ communities where most of us never either a practical or ideological sense. Most of unachievable. thought this kind of problem would the satellite countries have made it mani­ Translating these beliefs into the terms of fest that they would like to break away. my job, here is where we stand. Both the U.S. occur. Communist China, with 800 million restless, and the USSR have strategic nuclear forces A resolution wa5 adopted unanimously hungry people has broken away. One of the of awesome damage potential. Each could in­ recently by the Board of City Commis­ staunchest allies of Russia today is North fiict massive casualties and economilc ruin sioners of the City of Fargo, N. Dak., Korea, but it has been proved many times on the other. I spoke of the comparative requesting that $1 billion be appro­ that allegiances in the Communist all1ance weaponry earlier, and speaking in terms o'! priated to combat this plague. This is

48-059 0 - 72 - pt. 19 - 16 24674 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 some indication of how serious the seems to be significant in several major ance program underwritten by the Federal people of North Dakota view this areas. Government? problem. First, I would like to call attention to 23.1 % A. Yes, complete coverage for all Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ the fact that the support for the Presi­ Americans regardless of income. sent to have this resolution print.ed in 29.6% B. Yes, but only in cooperation with dent's Vietnamization program is almost private insurance companies and limiting the the Extensions of Remarks. identical with the results of the same Government's role to catastrophic illnesses. There being no objection, the resolu­ question last year: 51.2 percent in favor 41.5% C. No, keep the Government out. tion was ordered to be printed in the this year, and 51.3 percent in favor last No answer-5.8 % . RECORD, as follows: year. 5. Do you feel that the Sawtooth-White RESOLUTION ADOPTED ENDORSING THE FEDERAL Second, over one-third of the people Cloud-Boulder mountain region should be- NARCOTICS TREATMENT AND RESEARCH AGENCY 11.4 % A. A national recreation area. of the State admit they do not under­ 12.9 % B. A national park. Whereas, The explosion of the drug cul­ stand the President's family assistance 25.7 % C A joint park and recreation area ture among all groups of American citizens plan, and another third definitely oppose complex. poses a serious threat to the health and well­ it. Eighty-two percent are in favor of 40.7% D. Left as it is. being of OUT Naltion; a.nd requiring all able-bodied recipients to No answer--9.3 % . Whereas, In the United States today drug If you favor designa.tion of all or a part of addiction knows no neighborhood lines, no accept any job they are physically ca­ pable of performing. the area, do you feel the boundaries should state, county or city boundaries, and no be- racial or ethnic distinctions; and And finally, it is interesting to note 45.3 %-As presently proposed. Whereas, The sha.ttered Ininds and hope­ that though the people of Idaho may not 39.7%-La.rger. less futures of· thousands upon thousands understand the family assistance plan, 15%---Smaller. of our children a.re gTim testimony to gov­ over 63 percent understand and favor 6. Do you favor: ernments' inadequate response; and the President's revenue-sharing plan. A. The President's proposal to share Fed­ Whereas, In America today, the naircotics The poll follows: eral revenues With State and local govern­ plague ravages our people, fills our streets ments. with terror a.nd our homes with desperation.: F'IFTH ANNUAL POLL FROM THE FIRST 63.4%-Yes. and CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT IN IDAHO 25.9%-No. Whereas, The Federal Government has a The District-wide results follow: 10.7%-No answer. fragmented effort bereft of coordination and 1. Concerning VIETNAM: Which of the fol­ B. Wage and price controls as a means of hence, local officials waste time and energy lowing statements comes most closely to rep­ curbing inflation. attempting to weave the fragmented Fed­ resenting your own personal views at the 64.8%-Yes. eral contributions into a focused local pro­ present time? 2'7.2%-No. gram; and 51.2 % A. We should continue the present 7.9%-No answer. Whereas, The Plague of narcotics addic­ course, phase out our combat role and re­ C. Continued development of the anti-bal- tion will not yield to anything less than a place American troops with trained Viet­ listic Inissile system. total commitment to treatment and research, namese. 57.6%-Yes. focused in a single agency at the national 23.3 % B. We should make a more definite 31.1%-No. level and funded with real awareness of the effort toward Inilitary victory. 11.2%-No answer. devastating human and dollar cost of the D. A crash program to find a cure for can- narcotic problem. 24% C. We should Withdraw all American personnel immediately. cer. Now, therefore, be it resolved, That the 66.9%-Yes. City of Fargo, concurring with the United No answer-1.5%. Has your opinion on the war changed in 23%-No. States Conference of Mayors calls upon the 10.1 %-No answer. Federal Government, both the Congress and the past year? 19.2%-Yes. E. A major Federal effort to revitalize rural the President, to provide for a single, pro­ America.· fessional, fully::.funded Federal Narcotics 72.5 %-No. No Answer--8.3 % . 31.9%-Yes. Treatment and Research Agency with a goal 51.1%-No. of a billion dollar program in three years 2. Concerning agriculture: Federal farm 17%-No answer. providing basic financing for each city to controls and subsidies should be- F. Compulsory arbitration for nationwide establish a local comprehensive drug treat­ 47 .8 % A. Phased out Within 5 years. transportation strikes. ment program to rid our nation of this evil. 6.1 % B. Continued substantially as they are. 76.2%-Yes. Be it further resolved, That this Resolu­ 14.8%-No. tion be inscribed upon the permanent rec­ 2.6% C. Made permanent With increased 9%-No answer. ords of the proceedings of the Board and sudsidies. G. Limiting the amounts of money a can­ certified copies forwarded to the North Da­ 3.4% D. Made permanent with subsidies didate for public office can spend on his cam­ kota Congressional Delegation, the Major­ reduced. paign. ity and Minority Leaders of the House and 29.9 % E. Continued with a liinit on subsi­ 86.6%-Yes. Senate, the President of the United States, dies any one farm could receive. 8.7%-No. the Department of Justice, the Department No answer-10.2%. 4.7%-No answer. of Health, Education and Welfare, and to The present payment limitation of $55,000 H. An all-volunteer Army and an end to the Department of Housing and Urban De­ is- the draft. velopment. 67.7%-Too high. 51%-Yes. Second by SChuster. On the vote being 1.2 %-Too low. 41.6%-No. taken on the question of the adoption of 11.7%-About right. 7.4%-No answer. the Resolution Commissioners Lashkowitz, No answer-19.4%. Schuster, Bromenschenkel, See and Mar­ 3. Concerning WELFARE: Do you favor key all voted aye. the President's Family Assistance Plan? No Cominissioner being absent and none 20.5 %-Yes. voting nay, the Vice President declared the 34%-No. PUT UNINSURED DRIVERS ON THE Resolution to have been duly passed and 35 %-I don't understand it. SPOT adopted and returned the Chair. (President No Answer-10.1 %. Lashkowi tz presiding) Which of the following do you feel are essential to any change in the Welfare HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN system? OF NEW YORK 16.4% A. Set a minimum welfare level and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FIFTH ANNUAL POLL FROM THE authorize the Government to pay the d.11fer­ Monday, July 12, 1971 FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT ence between the recipient's income and the IN IDAHO poverty cemng. Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, WTOP 82 % B. Require able-bodied recipients to has broadcast an editorial applauding accept any job they are physically capable of legislation introduced by our colleague, HON. JAMES A. McCLURE perforining. GILBERT GUDE, which would rectify the OF mAHO 48.3 % C. Require welfare recipients to en­ roll in job-training programs. serious problem of uninsured drivers in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the District of Columbia. I was very 30.9 % D. Provide day-care centers for chil­ Monday, July 12, 1971 dren of working mothers. pleased of this well deserved recognition 47.2 % E. Distribute family planning in­ given to Congressman GUDE and this leg­ Mr. McCLURE. Mr. Speaker, at this islation. point I would like to insert my fifth formation to welfare recipients. 42 % F . Provide for local administration of At present, almost one-third of all ve­ annual poll, taken from the First Con­ the program whenever possible. hicles registered in the District are not gressional District in the State of Idaho 4. Concerning heal th insurance: Do you covered by liability insurance. If the in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. This poli favor the concept of a national health Insur- driver of an uninsured car is involved in July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24675 an accident, and cannot pay for the to regulation which should be the basis structions from Congress to work for a "fair I return" on rail investment produced one of damage they inflict, the victim is held for our review of the regulatory system. the earliest examples of regulatory backfire. liable. Congressman GUDE's bill would I ask unanimous consent that it be The regulators acted as if the railroads still cover the victims of uninsured drivers printed in the RECORD. had no effective competition when in fact with a special fund, created with funds There being no objection, the article they were already beginning to lose traffic to collected when the vehicles are regis­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, trucks. The commission's efforts to improve tered. as follows: rail returns, by raising rates by as much as 40 percent, merely sent the companies chug­ Congressman GUDE should be praised IT'S TIME To UNLOAD THE REGULATORS ging downhill at an even faster pace. High­ for this excellent piece of consumer pro­ (By Dan Cordtz) way motor carriers were quick to seize the tection legislation. It is but one more ad­ Federal regulation of transportation is a opportunity that the ICC had presented dition to a brilliant legislative record. failure--a · creaky anachronism no more them. Between 1920 and 1925, truck registra­ The editorial follows: suited to a modern American than an oxcart tions more than doubled. PUT UNINSURED DRIVERS ON THE SPOT to an expressway. It costs the public billions THE TROUBLE WITH PARTIAL FREEDOM of dollars a year in inefficiencies and mis­ If you ride in a car in-or walk on the allocations of resources. And in spite of its Rather than acknowledge that the rdse of streets of-the District of Columbia, you the truckers had ended the railroads' domi­ run a serious risk of being hit by an unin­ extravagant price, regulation contributes little to either good service for travelers and nance and hence the need for regulation, the sured driver and not being able to collect shippers or the financial well-being of most legislators decided in 1935 to bring trucks a penny. It's a scandalous situation. A bill transportation companies. under control, too. But not all trucks. Show­ being pushed by Congressman Gude will do ing its usual solicitude for farmers, Con­ something about it. The regulatory apparatus has failed ut­ gress exempted trucks carrying farm prod­ The District is the only place in the coun­ terly to keep pace with changes in tech­ ucts--a category later interpreted by the try where uninsured drivers literally have a nology and economic conditions. On the con­ courts to include many processed agricul­ free ride-at least for one accident. The trary, it has attempted to apply outdated tural products-and trucks used exclusively magnitude of the danger can be seen in rules to rising new for1ns of transportation. to haul their owners' goods. Even broe.der that 80,000 automobiles-almost one-third One of the most obvious examples of this exemptions were granted when barge traffic of those registered in D.C.-have no liability misapplication of principles appropriate to was brought under ICC control in 1940. insurance coverage. a different set of circumstances is the treat­ While all rail traffic is regulated, only about If one of those cars strikes another car ment of the airlines by the Civil Aeronautics one-third of truck volume and one-tenth of or a pedestrian, and the offending driver Board (see page 66). It frequently behaves barge volume are now under control. Since can't produce sufficient money out of his as if the air carriers dominated long-dis­ the effectiveness of any cartel depends on own pocket, the poor victim is on his own. tance passenger transportation the way the its ability to bring in all competitors, this It happens often. Almost 7,000 uninsured railroads did, even though the actual share a.lone ls enough to doom the ICC to failure-­ drivers were involved in accidents in the Dis­ is relatively small as measured against the regulated carriers a.re undercut by unreg­ trict in one recent year who couldn't cover use of private automobiles. ulated competitors. P, -sent regulatory _ar­ the costs of the damage they inflicted on Slowness to adjust to change--indeed, to rangements, then, offer neither the benefits people and property. It's a scandal-nothing recognize the magnitude of change-has also of a free market nor those of a well-organized else. been a striking characteristic of the older cartel. As economist George W. Hilton of Congressman Gilbert Gude of Maryland and bigger Interstate Commerce Commis­ U.C.L.A. observes: "Common carriers are in and others are sponsoring legislation which sion. The ICC has clung to the notion that an incomplete cartel which produces most of will require an uninsured driver to post a transportation is inherently unsuited to com­ the oonsequences public policy should seek $40 fee before he can get a tag for his car. petition in spite of the development of new to a.void." Those payments would go into a special fund competitive modes. Now eighty-four years Unwilling to acknowledge that the com­ to cover unsatisfied judgments resulting old, the commission still bears the marks mission is a cartelizing body, Congress has from auto accidents. The bill also would of its origin. It started out to oversee rail­ given it a vague and contradictory mandate. require policies for insured drivers to con­ road cartels, and it stm oversees the U.S. The commissioners seem no clearer about the tain a clause for protection from uninsured transportation system, or large parts of it, fact that they are attempting to manage a operators. in the cartel spirit. cartel. Professor Hilton, who has spent more Both Maryland and Virginia already have The ICC was created to deal with destruc­ than a dec.!lde studying the agency closely, roughly similar protection in force. The pro­ tive competition among railroads, which as says, "In the most literal sense, the ICC tection gap in the District is incredible. a group held a virtual monopoly on inter­ doesn't know what it's doing." Exposed most constantly to the danger of city transportation of passengers and freight Where regulation is effective, the conse­ course, are those who live in the District. in the nineteenth century. Most of the rail­ quences are overwhelmingly negative. It has But the countless m11lions of commuters, roads in the East and Midwest systematically generally kept rates at levels designed to shoppers, and visitors who come here tem­ practiced collusive rate making and even share most traffic among competing modes. porarily also have less protection from un­ pooled traffic and revenue on some routes. This has encouraged the inefficient use of insured drivers than anywhere else in the These private cartels encouraged prolifera­ inappropriate means of transportation, such country. tion of railroad lines. Then, as the share as truck transport of freight over long dis­ For over a decade, Congress has turned of the traffic assigned to individual lines tances where railroads could carry it at lower its back on corrective legislation. The insur­ dwindled-to as little as 13 percent on the cost. By reducing competition, regulation ance lobby must prevail no longer. Let's put Chica.go-Omaha run-the temptation grew has discouraged development of improved the District's uninsured drivers on the spot. to break out of the cartel. One way was to technology. The ICC's slowness to permit re­ This was a WTOP Editorial-Norman build many branch lines, since traffic that ductions in obsolete services has kept the Davis speaking for WTOP. originated in a railroad's monopolized ter­ rallroaRalph Nader are should not maintain capacity to handle them by highway and water carriers. These attacking the present system. A team of traffic inappropriate to their technology. anti-competitive rulings obviously have con­ Nader's associates last year published a dev­ Such capacity not only misallocates re­ tributed to keeping up the general level of astating critique of the ICC and joined in sources, but also cuts into the carriers' own transportation rates. 1

July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24677

A COLLECTION OF MINI-MONOPOLIES could handle. And on return trips they find ina.ted. Railroads could also dispense with the huge yards that cost them heavily in If these direct costs are the most readily themselves moving many empty barges that visible of regulation's ad.verse consequences, could be filled if it were not for the restric­ taxes and waste thousands of acres in and they are by no means the only ones. Profes­ tion. a.round cities. sor Hilton points to: There is some disagreement among trans­ Many railroads are already clamoring for The regulated transportation cartel, like portation experts about the extent to which permission to get rid of money-losing branch any other cartel, breeds underutilization of misallocation of traffic results from the ICC's lines. But the commission's procedures make resources. practice of setting rates that enable all car­ abandonments so costly and time-consuming, Umbrella. rate ma.king encourages misallo­ riers to compete. But it certainly leads to rail executives complain, that there is no cation of traffic among various modes. some degree of misallocation. In a 1969 study sense in trying. It is a weak argument. While Regttlation imposes a bias in favor of pres­ for the Brookings Institution, Professor Ann the procedures are indeed onerous, railroads ent technology, and thus slows progress. F. Friedlaender of Boston College concluded would have a much better case against the The excessive costs associated with regula­ that freight-rate discrimination has sys­ ICC if they had fought ha.rd, even lf un­ tion create incentives for shippers to a.void tematically diverted rail traffic to trucks at successfully, for what they believe should be the use of common carriage. distances above 200 miles. She estimates that done. And the ICC's susceptibllity to political railroads could recapture such freight if they BEYOND THE FIRST STEPS pressure causes it to impede the phasing out were free to set rates as they chose. Other In spite of the unimpressive record of pa.st of obsolete services. economists argue that railroads would still attempts to patch up the system, a. govern­ The trucking industry, with oomething have some competitive disadvantages. Mer­ ment appointed panel has proposed to have like half of its physical capacity employed, ton J. Peck of Yale says that under deregu­ another try at it. The Advisory Council on l:; the most obvious example of underut111zed lation railroads could probably take away Executive Reorganization, headed by Roy Ash resources. When the industry was brought from trucks and barges about 10 percent of of Litton Industries, has suggested that the under the jurisdiction of the ICC in 1935, their present business. ICC, the CAB, and the Federal Maritime existing carriers received "grandfather By keeping new competitors out of the Commission be combined under a single rights," which allowed them to go on han­ trucking business and maintaining rates chief. Conceivably, the plan could yield dling whatever business they had handled that protect the lea.st efficient of existing greater bureaucratic efficiency. But the ex­ in the past. Since the industry had been common carriers, the ICC creates substan­ ample of the ICC--which already has respon­ highly specialized and fragmented, it re­ tial incentives for shippers to seek alterna­ sibility for four modes of transportation-is mained so--and the award of operating cer­ tive means of transportation. Unregulated hardly encouraging. In any event, opposition tificates continued to be severely restricted. truckers have been taking a growing share of most carriers has been so firm that the Often the curbs are preposterous. Many car­ of highway traffic, and a large but undeter­ plan is given little chance of enactment. riers are limited to a few commodities, hauled mined volume of goods is hauled illegally. Of the varied proposals for partial deregu­ between certain points-<>ften in a single di­ Encouragement of private carriage, with its lation that a.re floating around, prospects are rection and over a prescribed route, with extremely low rate of utilization, seems probably best for two that are strongly stops permitted only at specified intermedi­ clearly contrary to the public interest. Com­ favored by the Association of American Rail­ ate points lf a.t all. panies that operate their own fleets, more­ roads and probably would not be actively Thus the trucking industry, which econo­ over, must devote managerial effort to a opposed by the truckers. The first would mists regard as ideally suited for competition, function that could better be performed by allow carriers to change rates up or down is a collection of mini-monopolies. The Na­ a company specializing in transportation. within a specified range, without prior ap­ der study calculated that only 16 percent of The fact that private trucking thrives in proval of the ICC. Such rates could later be truckers are fundamentally unrestricted. spite of such disadvantages is in itself con­ challenged by shippers, but they would have Mergers and acquisitions are intended pri­ clusive evidence that something is seriously to prove unfairness and injury before the marily to enlarge the scope of a company's wrong with the economics of regulated ICC would order the rates rolled back. The operating rights, rather than to seek econ­ common carriage. second proposal would put reasonable limits omies of scale. on how much time the ICC could take before Overcapacity is guaranteed by the ICC's THWARTED TECHNOLOGY acting on mergers and abandonments of rules barring truckers from cutting rates in The bias of ICC policies in favor of present services and facilities. Such limitations order to fill empty trucks on return trips. technology has reinforced the conservative would undoubtedly entail some curtailment The ICC has non specific authority to do bent of most railroad. managers and made it of the rights of protesting parties to be rep­ this, but obviously if cheap backhauls were difficult for them to find a new role for rail­ resented in person before the commission allowed, that would destroy the value-of­ roads in an integrated transportation system. or its hearing examiners. service pricing principle on which the regu­ When the Southern Railway sought permis­ These minimal first steps would by no lated freight-transportation industry rests. sion ten years ago to haul grain in new, means be sufficient, and supporters of an So the ICC customarily justifies its policy 100-ton aluminum hopper cars, at a rate for efficient, competitive transportation system under its responsibility to prevent "unfair multicar shipments far below charges preva­ should continue to press for much stronger or destructive competitive practices." The lent at the time, it took four years and a measures. The setting of minimum rates consequences of the policy a.re clear. A study decision by the U.S. Supreme Court to force should be abolished. The setting of maxi­ by the Highway Research Board some years the ICC's grudging approval. Regulatory mum rates should be restricted to those rare ago found that only 52.4 percent of com­ hostility to special rates for multicarload situations where only one possible carrier for mon carriers had full loads in both direcstions. shipments is an old problem. More recently, their goods is available to particular shippers. The impact is even greater on private car­ the ICC's attitude toward special rates has Collusive rate setting should be forbidden, riers, truckers that carry exempt agricultural retarded the use of unit trains-lengthy and price competition encouraged. Railroads products, and opera.tors of contract trucking trains devoted to hauling a single com­ should be permitted to merge more readily services for a limited number o! particular modity, such as coal, directly from its place and to abandon any money-losing lightly shippers. Although carriers in these catego­ of origin to a single destination. used trackage. Above all, to provide improved ries are not subject to the usual rate control The climate of sluggishness to which the transportation for those no longer served by in their customary operations, they are for­ regulatory apparatus has contributed has rail as well as those inadequately served by bidden to carry other kinds of goods on re­ seriously delayed containerization, which other modes, totally free entry should be turn trips. And &ince the traffic of all three some transportation experts regard as the permitted into any segment of the trans­ classes is very unbalanced, the trucks run only thing that can save the railroads. The portation· industry. This freedom would sure­ empty much of the time. The Highway Re­ technology of piggybacking-hauling con­ ly lead to the development of intermoda.l search Board study found that oontra.ct car­ tainers on rail fl.atcars--ha.s been available companies, the best hope for rationalization riers are fully loaded in both directions only for thirty years or more, but only in the past of U.S. transportation. 7.9 percent of the time. For private carriers decade has piggybacking shown significant Achievement of these goals will not be the figure was 7.3 percent, and for agricul­ growth. Even now, the potential of contain­ easy. other impediments a.side, the political­ tural truckers 5.2. Besides wasting transpor­ erization cannot be fully exploited because ly powerful truckers and their Teamster tation resources, of course, this pattern con­ the law generally forbids railroad acquisition allies would put up a fierce fight against many tributes mightily to traffic congestion and of truck and barge lines. Intermodal trans­ of these proposals. But half-measures will automotive air pollution. portation companies would almost certainly not be enough. A modern, competitive, effi­ Restrictions on what may be hauled by move most traffic in containers by whatever cient transportation system cannot develop whom also make for underutilization of re­ mode is most economical. Railroads' ma.in within the present regulatory framework. sources in barge service, though to a lesser lines would constitute the backbone of the A particularly vigorous expression of this extent. Barges are restricted by the "rule of system, ca.rrying the containers over long viewpoint oomes from that fount of clear three"-tows made up of barges carrying distances. Barges might well handle low­ thinking a.bout transportation, Professor Hil­ more than three different commodities lose val ue commodities where time is unimpor­ ton of U.C.L.A. The ICC's history, he wrote their exemption from rate regulation. The tant. With trucks pulling the containers to not long ago, shows that its present be­ result is that barge operators frequently and from rail marshaling points, most havior is inevtt.a.ble. "Stalling the commission carry smaller tonnages than their towboats switching and branch lines could be elim- with different people, or making minor 24678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 \ ( changes in the stautory delegation of au­ "That trend garbages up the whole issue. gains hard won by their blood and toil, until I thority cannot result in significantly ditfer­ People are supporting bad bills because of the imminent abandonment of Algeria might ent behavior. The disadvantages of the pres­ the POW riders. We have been trying to tell have triggered a revolution had it not been ent system are intrinsic to the commission's people that resolutions are fine if used prop­ for General de Gaulle on his white horse. existence, a.nd can be rectified only by its erly. Today these pressures are beginning to be abolition." "We are grateful for the latest Hanoi offer felt on the American scene. For ten years we and we are encouraged, but we will not let have embroiled our armed forces in the up in our efforts. Relaxing is a luxury we wretched paddies of Indochina. Our valiant PLEA TO STUDY NORTH VIETNAM cannot afford as long as there are 339 known airmen have been killed in futile sorties OFFER POW's and 1200 MIA's still in the hands against the north; our army has lost far more of the enemy." than the normal percentage of its profes­ sional officer corps. Yet, though there have been ample courage and devotion, Vietnam HON. Wl[LIAM L. DICKINSON is now associated in the public mind not OF ALABAMA with heroes but heroin. We scorn our soldiers IN DEFENSE OF THE MILITARY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for being careless of civilian lives, overlook­ ing the brutalizing character of colonial Monday, July 12, 1971 wars--while we condemn our Air Force be­ HON. BARRY GOLDWATER cause bombs strike whoever happens to be Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, I OF ARIZONA would like to include in today's RECORD under them, refusing to recognize that the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES alternative to sophisticated weapons is more an article that appeared in the Friday, American boys dying in the jungle. Mean­ July 2, 1971, edition of the Glendale, Monday, July 12, 1971 while we are assaulted by the scribblings of Calif., News-Press. Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, for junior Clausewitzes designed to prove that The article, an interview with Mrs. Ar­ the last several years one of the chief the conflict could have been won long ago thur S. Mearns, wife of an Air Force form of entertainment for many of the if only their patented recipes had been major who has been missing in action Nation•s writers and publications has followed. for over 5 years, urges our Government been an attack on the man in uniform. FATAL ERROR No wonder our soldiers are demoralized as to give careful study and consideration Why this has had to be is a reason to the la.test proposal o1f ered by Hanoi understood only by those people who we speed our withdrawal from Vietnam. How to release American prisoners of war. could they be otherwise, since the fatal error have been practicing it as disgusting as was the choice of mission, not its execution; Mrs. Mearns points out that there would it is to the majority of American citi­ and what the McNamara documents plainly be no necessity for prisoner-of-war pro­ zens. It is, there!ore, a source of real show is that the military did not push us into posals, if the nations who signed the encouragement to see such an outstand­ Vietnam half so much as the civilian the<­ Geneva Convention would live up to its ing American as George Ball defend the reticians with theses to prove--doctrines ot provisions. However, since that obviously military as he did in the issue of News­ counter-insurgency and guerrilla tactics ail is not the case, she would like the U.S. reeking of the lamp? week for July 5, 1971. I ask unanimous Thus, we had better stop carping at tbn Government to explore every facet of the consent that this article be printed in the latest proposal. If it then turns out to be soldiers if we are to learn the true lessons of Extensions of Remarks. this ghastly experience. We had better bP. phony and more propaganda, it should There being no objection, the article sure that, as a necessary and honorable ele­ be exposed for what it is, but until that was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ment in our society, they are not pushed time, we should regard every proposal as as follows: toward alienation or bitterness. OtherwiiH, a possible solution to the prisoner though we are unlikely to repeat the shatter­ problem. IN DEFENSE OF THE MILITARY ing constitutional crisis of France, we may The prisoners should not be treated (By George W. Ball) well drive our most gifted and competent of­ by either side as a political matter be­ It is time to speak up for the soldiers. ficers out of our armed forces--mcn we shall cause the treatment of POW's is wholly For the past several years we have made desperately need when the going again geti; them the scapegoats for our misfortunes. rough. a humanitarian e1fort. The main consid­ Yet, to continue to seek exculpation by load­ As an urgent first step, let the universitieR eration is to get the POW's back. ing the blame on the military is not only tone down their derision; since, at the enel Propaganda and politics should take a unjust, it risks harm to our security, so of the day, the real "treason of the intel­ back seat. we had better take a lesson from the experi­ lectuals" may well be judged not to be what The article follows: ence of France-something we lamentably Julien Benda had in mind-their abandon­ PLEA To STUDY N. VIET OFFER failed to do when we committed our forces ment of meditation for activism-but rathe" to Indochina. their role in undermining society's protectiV'• If the 127 nations that signed the Geneva In the bitter aftermath of the second institutions. Part of the blame will no doub·: Convention lived up to that agreement any world war the French Army and Air Force fall on the young faculty cheerleaders wbu prisoner-of-war proposals from North Viet­ were given a dreary series of dirty and fore­ encouraged the campus yahoos to identify all nam would be unnecessary, Mrs. Arthur doomed assignments to sustain the rem­ policemen as "pigs," but the most grievoua Mearns of Los Feliz, a member of POW-MIA offense will be the academicians' effort to International, said today. nants of colonial power, first in Syria, then Indochina, then Morocco, and finally Al­ off-load the sins of this melancholy time on Mrs. Mearns said Hanoi's offer to release the m111tary, who, skilled more with the POW's simultaneous with complete Amer­ geria. For almost a decade and a half, grad­ uates of St. Cyr fought under the most frus­ sword than the pen, cannot adequately de­ ican troop withdrawal should be studied fend themselves against eggheaded francs­ very carefully. trating conditions, taking frightful casual­ ties, yet losing each conflict not from fail­ tireurs blowing beanshooters from the She said the offer may be phony and if so it ure of valor on the battlefield but from a sanctuary of their ivory towers. should be unmasked, noting that if gov­ ernments adhered to their treaties and con­ decay of political will in Paris, a decision ventions designed to protect people there by the politicians-refiecting public wear­ would be no POW issue. iness-that the game was no longer worth Mrs. Mearns has been campaigning for the candle. IMPORTATION OF METALLURGICAL the release of her husband, Major Arthur S. PERNICIOUS EROSION CHROME ORE FROM RHODESIA Mearns who was shot down over North Viet­ By 1958 these agonizing experiences in far­ nam Memorial Day, 1966. She said a very off lands had loosed poisons throughout the grave concern to fammes of MIA's and POW's whole military establishment. France had HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. is that the issue has become political. done what no modern democratic state OF vmGINIA "We have been stressing the issue for should ever do; by pushing its armed forces IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES years but just recently the POW's have be­ into conflicts only fragilely supported on the come popular, they are in vogue now and home front, it had detached them from the Monday, July 12, 1971 many politicians are using the issue to fur­ national life of their country. For, as the Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, ther their own aims. It shouldn't be handled politicians abandoned first one war and then the Richmond Times-Dispatch as a political issue," said Mrs. Mearns. another, the military suffered a pernicious of July 9 She said that members of POW-MIA Inter­ erosion of their traditional role as the re­ contains an excellent editorial concern­ national are trying to stop the trend of put­ spected protectors of la patrie. Thus, inevita­ ing a bill to permit resumption of the ting POW riders on every congressional bill bly they developed a festering resentment importing of metallurgical chrome ore regarding the war in Vietnam. of the politicians who bartered away the from Rhodesia. July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24679 All U.S. trade with Rhodesia is now ly to be ruled by a Communist minority. sponsibility' for war damages in North prohibited, under an Executive order is­ Moreover, as Sen. Byrd has noted, at least 37 and South Vietnam, thus accepting as an sued by President Johnson pursuant to members of the United Nations "do not have obligation the payment of reparations. a form of government based on majority The only concession the Vietcong a resolution of the United Nations Secu­ rule, and ... adherence to the majority rule rity Council. principle is questionable in 24 member coun­ made was an undertaking to free U.S. Prior to the imposition of the U.N. tries." prisoners of war." embargo on Rhodesian trade, Rhodesia Further, if it be morally wrong to trade Mr. Speaker, in evaluating the mo­ was the chief source of chrome ore for with a country that refuses to guarantee ma­ rality of the wars mentioned above, I the United States. Chrome ore is essen­ jority rule, how can it be morally right to do not see that our basic purpose has tial for the manufacture of such defense trade with a. country that has snuffed out changed~and a spark of democracy will, items as jet aircraft, missiles, and nuclear the light of liberty !or millions? Is Russia's we pray, continue to glow in Southeast 'brutal subjugation of such countries as submarines. Latvia., Estonia. and Czechoslovakia. more ac­ Asia. Today the United States is dependent ceptable to the moralists than Rhodesia's At this point, I include the editorial: on the Soviet Union for chrome ore. We refusal to vow that some day it w111 transfer THE STEEP ASKING PRICE AT PARIS FOR import 60 percent of our supply of this control of its government to its black citi­ U.S. ''SURRENDER" strategic commodity from Russia. zens? (By Kenneth Crawford) Washington also seeks to justify its boycott To me, our present policy makes no What Madam Nguyen Binh handed the sense. My legislation, S. 1404, would end against Rhodesia. by calling that country ••a. threat to international peace and security, United States delegation in Paris was not a. our dependence on the Soviet Union for which is more nonsense and another incon­ demand for unconditional surrender. It was this vital commodity. sistency. Ea.ch year the U.S. spends b1llions of a demand for surrender on condition that The editorial in the Times-Dispatch dollars to defend itself not against Rhodesia. the U.S. pay for the privilege of surrendering. makes the point that the U.N. sanctions but against possible Russian-or Red The Vietcong asking price was on its face were imposed largely because Rhodesia Chinese--a.ggression. If Washington is con­ was unconscionable. Unless marked down, is not adhering to the principle of ma­ vinced of the undesirability of trading with a. President Nixon could not possibly pay it. jority rule. The absurdity of this position country that poses a. "threat to international No American President could. is underscored by the fact that in the peace and security," it should sever its eco­ Ambassador David Bruce made this quite nomic ties with Russia. and proceed no fur­ clear at la.st week's formal session but fa.lied country now supplying most of our ther with efforts to woo Peking. to lute the Communists into more private chrome, the Soviet Union, a handful of Prom a. practical viewpoint, Washington's talks to find how much, if any, markdown Communist Party leaders control the attitude toward Rhodesia. makes no sense could be negotiated. The Communists like lives of 240 million people. either. For one thing, the policy is costing the propaganda odds. I ask unanimous consent that the text the United States money, since the Soviet They proposed: (1) That all American of the editorial be printed in the Exten­ Union has increased the price of the ore from military personnel and equipment be re­ sions of Remarks. The editor of the edi­ $25 to $72 per ton. For another, the U.S. finds moved from Vietnam by next Jan. 1, and torial page of the Richmond Times-Dis­ itself supporting an ineffective policy. Some meanwhile that host1lities be suspended and patch is Edward Grimsley. nations do not even pretend to comply with Vietna.mization discontinued; (2) that the the Security Council's sanctions policy and Thieu regime in Saigon be dumped ~n favor There being no objection, the editori-al others frequently violate it. And Rhodesia. of a.n interim coalition, including, of course, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, has progressed economically despite the boy­ the Vietcong, to conduct elections; (3) that as follows: cott. the U.S. bear "full responsib111ty" for war SANITY ON RHODESIA Among those who has endorsed Sen. Byrd's damage in North and South Vietnam, thus It would be di,fftcult to cite a more idiotic measure is Dean Acheson, who was President accepting a.s an obligation the payment of inconsistency in American foreign policy Truman's secretary of state. Mr. Acheson is reparations. The only concession the V.C. than the Unied States' grotesque attitude to­ convinced that economic "sanctions cannot made was a.n undertaking to free U.S. pris­ ward Rhodesia, that proud nation which has be expected to force a people to action which oners of war. offended the world by daring to insist upon they believe contrary to their vital national To accept these conditions would be to the right to manage its internal affairs. interests." And he warns that continued turn South Vietnam over to the Communists "meddling in the internal affairs of Rhodesia., lock, stock and barrel, with Camranh Bay Soon after Rhodesia declared its independ­ South Africa, and Portuguese Angola will not ence from Great Britain in 1965, the United and other such installations thrown in for bring the U.N.'s stated goal of international good measure. It would be to proclaim that Nations Security Council, at London's in­ peace and security, but, on the contrary, the sistence, imposed economic sanctions on that thousands of Americans have fought and African country, primarily because of its re­ bloodiest warfare and insecurity." died for nothing and that millions of dollars fusal to adopt constitutional provisions Congress and President Nixon should heed have been flushed into the Mekong. Many guaranteeing eventual majority rule. Rho­ the words of Acheson and Byrd, The United Americans contend that this is what has desia's population consists of about 4.9 mil­ States, the Sena.tor insists, "faces a.n immi­ happened but even they may not want it lion Africans and approximately 234,000 nent and serious shortage of chrome." It is proclaimed. Given a cha.nee to think it over, whites of European descent. dangerous and Ulogica.l for the U.S. to depend most Americans would find this hard, if not upon Russia-it's most mena.ncing potential No matter how passionately the United impossible, to swallow. enemy-for this vita.I meta.I, especially since Sen. George McGovern and others who States might believe in the principle of the Soviet Union is far more guilty than majority rule, its support of the embargo Is have rushed to the microphones to urge that Rhodesia. of the offenses to which the Secu­ the administration grab at the Communist morally Inconsistent and pragmatically In­ rity Council and the U.S. dbject. defensible, as Virginia Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. offer may have occasion to regret their im­ eloquently argued in a recent appearance petuousness. before the Senate Foreign Relations Com­ SO far public opinion has not had much mittee. Sen. Byrd has introduced a bill that chance to take form. The proposal was would restore some sanity to the U.S. policy WILL THE UNITED STATES thrown on the table in Paris just as the long by allowing this country to import chromium SURRENDER AT PARIS? Fourth of July weekend was starting, when ore from Rhodesia. Used in the manufacture news of any kind commands minimum at­ of such defense items as jet aircraft, missiles tention. Moreover the news media, especially a.nd nuclear submarines, chrome is vital to radio and television, have taken slight notice the United States. Lacking a domestic source, HON. JACK F. KEMP of six of M-adam Binh's seven points--those the U.S. used to depend heavily upon Rho­ OF NEW YORK which dangle the price tag. And the Nixon desia for this essential metal. Now, be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES administration has, perhaps wisely, withheld lieve it or not, the United States receives 60 analytical guidance pending "clarification" per cent of its chromium ore from Soviet Monday, July 12, 1971 of the terms. Union. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the same Madam Binh's point one--the offer to re­ Herein lies the major inconsistency. For if people that called for the unilateral sur­ lease U.S. prisoners of war gradually as U.S. the United States will not buy chrome from military personnel and arms are with­ Rhodesia because it refused to guarantee render of our enemies in 1945, are now drawn-has diverted attention from the con­ majority rule, how can Washington justify asking for the unilateral surrender of the ditions in points two through seven. And its decision to buy chrome from the Soviet United States in Vietnam. As Mr. Craw­ even these six points are couched in cleverly Union? Has Russia guaranteed majority rule? ford points out in his editorial in the misleading language. Elections a.re to be fair. Not to anyone's knowledge. Russia has been, Washington Post of July 11, 1971, some Democracy 1s to prevail. The Vietnamese will is now and probably will continue Indefinite- feel "that the United States bear 'full re- settle their own differences amicably. There 24680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 will be no reprisals. Vietnam, happily re­ ese with enough arm.s to give them a chance up evenings or weekends to work with Scout f unified in due course, will be a neutral na­ of holding their own while trying to negoti­ troops or other youth groups; devoting time tion, on good terms with all the world in- ate a settlement with the North. Unless the and money to service clubs which carry on cluding the U.S. ' Communists modify their terms more drasti­ worthwhile service projects. This is the kind of language the Commu­ cally than they seem disposed to do, this is An example of this is the annual light nists have used to make this kind of promise what he most likely will do. bulb sale by a service club to raise money to to every nation they have overrun and sub­ help the blind and to help prevent vision jugated since the Second World War. Go problems. Every year a member of this club back to the Soviet plan for "freeing" Poland, comes to our door selling light bulbs for this one of the earliest victims, in 1945, alld the ESSAY BY RICHARD P. SHIELDS purpose. I don't know who he is or what his same combinations of plausible words will business is, but I know his time has go.t to be found. What they meant then is what be worth a good deal to him, and that pound­ they mean now-that the country promised HON. J. GLENN BEALL, JR. ing on people's doors is a real sacrifice. You autonomy is to have satellite status, that would never think this to 00.lk to him, what is called democracy will be dictatorship OF MARYLAND though, simply because he knows that wha.t and that what is called freedom will be IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES he's doing is important and worthwhile, and tyranny. Monday, July 12, 1971 he has the spirit of help and cooperation It has been apparent for a long time that which makes the program a success, and the North Vietnamese and their Vietcong Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, the Mont­ which makes our country a better place. brethren meant to use the American pris· gomery County Board of Realtors in How can we make it even better? Partly, I oners of war as hostages, exacting as high conjunction with the Make America Bet­ think, by calling attention and honoring the a price as possible for their release. Mr. Nixon ter program of the National Association civic spirit that always has been so impor­ has played into their hands, up to a point, tant to Americans--doing voluntarily things by emphasizing the prisoner issue for his of Real Estate Boards, recently spon­ we don't have to do, but which we know help own p-µrposes. Even so, the price, now that sored an essay contest for senior high make a better life for everyone. it has been stated, is staggering. Concern school students in Montgomery County, Another way that we could make our for the prisoners, who have never received The topic for the essay in this contest country a better place would be to insist that the treatment normal under the Geneva con­ was entitled "How I Would Make Amer­ our schools turn out not only educated peo­ ventions, whose c81IIlps have never been sub­ ica Better in Montgomery County." ple but citizens who know what their coun­ ject to inspection by the International Red The essay that won first place in this try is all about. We need education in civics Cross, is highly emotional. The Communists and history that doesn't stop with just dry have exploited it for all it is worth. contest, was written by Richard P facts and dates. This is not just a matter o! Not only did Madam Binh wrap her condi­ Shields, a recent graduate of the Rich­ a new course or two, but a spirit by our edu­ tions in it but Le Due Tho, the highest rank­ ard Montgomery High School. cators that one of their most important jobs ing North Vietnamese in Paris, tied a bow It is Mr. Shield's belief that the spirit is making certain their students don't just on it by stating in an interview that point of the people is what makes America know what's wrong with our country but one in her proposal was separable from the great, people who are "willing to give know the very many things that are right other points. The U.S. could, he said, accept themselves in serving others." He urges about it. the prisoner-for-withdrawal deal and leave us to "take stock of what we have and We don't lack good teachers; most of mine the political settlement for later. This to tell others, so that they will under­ have been good ones. What seems to be miss­ changed nothing, though it was represented ing, though, ls more willingness to sing a as an important concession. The North Viet­ stand and appreciate it and work them­ few praises when they are deserved. It seems namese would naturally be happy to settle selves to make it better." to be a question of what is or isn't "stylish," their score with the South once the South Mr. President, this young man very or whether students will accept the teaching had been reduced to impotence by the with­ succinctly expresses views with which of some truths that are so obvious that we drawal not only of U.S. personnel but of the many Americans find themselves in have come to consider them outdated. guns U.S. forces would not be permitted to agreement. For instance, when my grandfather was leave behind. born, probably half---or more--of the peo­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ ple in this country lived in what today In spite of all this, the Nixon administra­ sent that Richard Shield's contest win­ tion is handling Madam Binh's offer as a someone would call "poverty." By the time break in the Paris stalemate meriting explo­ ning essay be printed in full in the my father was born, 30 years later, this ration. Le Due Tho has been at pains to say RECORD. figure was probably around 20 or 25 percent. that the Communist position is "flexible." There being no objection, the essay Even with depression occurring when he was There are even some indications that Mr. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, a boy, we live in a country today where those Nixon, working through secret channels, en­ as follows: living in such conditions are down to around couraged the Communists to make their offer. 10 or 11 percent. Yet we rarely find anyone How I WOULD MAKE AMERICA BETTER-IN pointing out this fact. At a meeting with Republican congressional MONTGOMERY COUNTY leaders on June 15, he said a development It is easy to say that our country would that would make the Hatfield-McGovern Winston Churchill said once that democ­ be better if we had greater respect for rights end-the-war legislation moot was imminent racy is absolutely the worst form of govern­ of others and for our laws and government. in Paris. ment there is-except for all others. When I What is hard is making this a reality. When At the same meeting Henry Kissinger, the hear some of the people my own age today so much that we see on television em­ President's foreign-affairs adviser, urged the knocking our country, they almost seem to phasizes the oddballs, the dissatisfied, and legislators not to throw away any bargaining be saying: "The United States is the worst the destructive, you could easily convince advantage that might be wrung from the ad­ country in the world." I feel like replying yourself that the country is going to pieces. ministration's refusal to set a time certain with Churchill's line: "except for all others." And this simply isn't so. The answer isn't for withdrawal on its own initiative. After No ma.tter how great a country we have, it censorship. It is, partly anyway, more bal­ all, he argued, the Communists have lost can al ways be improved in some ways. When anced and responsible use of newspapers and 700,000 to 800,000 men in the war, the equiv­ I was working for my Eagle Scout rank, I broadcasting. alent of a loss of 10 million by the U.S., had to carry out a project of service to my How can we make our country better? By given the population differential, and were community. While I was working with our letting ourselves catch the "disease" of un­ themselves war-weary. Rockville fire chief on a program of safety selfish service to others-even on a very Perhaps Leslie H. Gelb, coordinator cf training for baby sitters, I ca.me to realize small scale if that's all we can do. By being the team that produced the Pentagon Pa­ that he was a man who was giving a great concerned enough to insist that our en­ pers, is right when he says that the war in deal of his free time to promote something vironment be protected and preserved, but he believed in; something valuable to the without making a "fad" of the subject or de­ Vietnam is a civil conflict that can't be com­ community, and with no expectation of any stroying our system of manufacturing and promised and must be won by one side or reward. business which is envied by every country the other. The Communists are obviously as­ on earth. By insisting that our education suming that they have won and are demand­ As I've gotten a little older, I can see that one of the most important things that has give at least equal time to the positive ing the victor's spoils even though South aspects of our country, instead of overlook­ Vietnam remains unconquered. made our country such a great one is the spirit of people, like the fire chief, who are ing much of it because "patriotism is bunk." Mr. Nixon's alternative, if he fails to per­ will1ng to give themselves in serving others. I think that every generation of young peo­ suade the Communists to grant terms rea­ This is not just a case of a few people doing ple has to be told about our country, edu­ sonably acceptable to the U.S. and to South a big job (although this often happens), but cated in its meaning. Today we seem to Vietnam, is to proceed with Vietnamization, of a great many people with this spirit each think that we'll just "pick it up" naturally. gradually withdraw American forces and doing little "extra" things-giving their This isn't always so. then continue to supply the South Vietnam- time !or a cancer or heart fund drive; giving We can make our country better by feel- July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24681 ing-and showing-our pride in it. We have papers booklet, which has been printed Certainly CBS, in addition to knowing to think and act in a po.sitive way instead for profit by the New York Times. its president, Frank Stanton, is a member of a negative one. This is a job where leader­ Commencing at page 630 are contained of the CFR, must fully understand the ship has to come from the attitudes of our the biographies of key figures in the Viet­ complete scope of this intellectual­ politicians, our teachers, our religions, but financial-industrial complex, in fact, in in which each one of us has an important nam study. Eight of the 14 named Amer­ role to play too. icans involved in the secret history are December of 1965, the CBS Foundation We have an awful lot to be thankful for members of a financial-economic-indus­ made a $300,000 grant to the CFR to and proud of. If we work to make things trial group known as the Council on For­ fund a fellowship reportedly to "a prom­ better, they will become better. They will eign Relations. The Pentagon, except for ising American foreign correspondent" never be accomplished by people who sit on having an image of being the command for "study and reflection." the sidelines and offer nothing but criticism. post of our military, is not even involved. And how do we know who are members If we don't bother to do what we are capable of the CFR? From the CFR annual re­ of as individuals, and let people who think Why then does not CBS, which wants only in terms of tearing down have their the American people to know what is port, which is supplied voluntarily to way, and let them dominate public media, going on, tell them all about the Council each Member of Congress and each Sen­ their gloomy predictions will come true. on Foreign Relations and its role in the ator. There are reportedly but 1,451 You don't have to use propaganda to glori­ United Nations and the Vietnam war? members. Yet this small group of Amer­ fy a country which has always been a goal Why does not CBS tell the American icans includes men in positions of control for a lot of little people all over the world. people that Mr. Sulzberger, president and or influence in every military, financial, We do have to take stock of what we have, publisher of the New York Times, the and diplomatic decision from the start though, and to tell others--especially our of our involvement in Vietnam to the own children-about it, so that they will late Mr. Graham, former chairman of understand and appreciate it and work them­ the board of the Washington Post, as present. selves to make it better. well as its board chairman Frederick S. I do not want to create any impression But in the end, it is not just words and Beebe are listed in the Council on For­ that there are any secret or mysterious ideas that are going to make it that way. eign Relations membership list? associations. B·ut when the policies and It is the private actions of each one of us. Why do not CBS's interpretive analysts activities of the CFR are against the because we're not just a people, or a nation­ tell our people that their president, Frank best interests of the American people ality; we're 200,000,000 Americans--each one Stanton, is listed as a member of the and constitutional government, then an individual, and each one free to add to they, like all other decisionmakers, must or detract from this country of ours. CFR as well as former chairman of the Rand Corp., or that Daniel Ellsberg, ad­ bear their share of the responsibility for mitted thief of the stolen top secret Pen­ the thousands of American boys who tagon papers, is a member of CFR? have been killed and the waste of billions CBS, CFR AND THE PEOPLE'S What is it about the CFR that the CBS of taxpayers' dollars that have been RIGHT TO KNOW refuses to tell the people? poured into this international economic Could it be that every U.S. Ambassador venture. to the Paris peace talks, David K. E. It was not the average American citi­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK Bruce, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Averell zen nor the U.S. :fighting man who OF LOUISIANA W. Harriman, are all listed as members wanted this war in the first place or who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of theCFR? have wanted it to continue. If CBS and Mr. Stanton want to lift their self-im­ Monday, July 12, 1971 Could it be that the Presidential ad­ visers Henry A. Kissinger, Walt W. Ros­ posed censorship so that the American Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, we will be tow, and McGeorge Bundy are listed as people know the truth, then this matter voting shortly on a resolution to find members of the CFR? would not be before Congress in this CBS in contempt of Congress. Could it be that the U.S. Ambassadors instance. The CBS propagandists are wrapping to Saigon, Frederick Reinhardt, Henry "The Selling of the Pentagon" and the themselves in the Constitution and Cabot Lodge, Maxwell Taylor, and Ells­ Pentagon papers have not scratched the chanting, "The right of the people to worth Bunker are all listed as members surface of the kingmakers and new rul­ know must not be jeopardized." oftheCFR? ing royalty. Who will tell the people the Every Member of this body agrees that Could it be that the Directors of the truth if those who control "the right to it is the right of the people to know what CIA, Allen Dulles, John J. Mccloy, and know machinery" also control the is at issue. But, has the CBS conglomer­ John A. McCone are all listed as mem­ Government? ate been telling the people the facts or bers of the CFR? I insert a clipping from the Decem­ simply what CBS wants them to know? Or could it be that the military leaders ber 30, 1965, New York Times: It has been CBS that has been the cen­ who were entrusted with the lives of our EDWARD R . MURROW FuND FOR FELLOWSHIPS sor-not this hody. The CBS "Selling of men and with the honor of our country, SET UP the Pentagon" was in turn followed by a Gen. William C. Westmoreland, Gen. John J. Mccloy, chairman of the Council second lateral assault called the Pen­ Harold K. Johnson, Gen. Lyman L. Lem­ on Foreign Relations, announced yesterday tagon papers incident. Both Pentagon nitzer, Fleet Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, the establishment of an Edward R. Murrow attacks must be considered as concerted and Air Force Gen. Carl A. Spaatz are Fellowship for American Foreign OOrre­ efforts by the influential opinion mold­ all listed as members of the CFR? sponden ts. ing monopoly to degrade our military Could it be that Stanley Resor, Sec­ William S. Paley, chairman of the Colum­ bia Broadcasting Company, joined Mr. Mc­ forces under the guise of hastening an retary of the Army; former Secretaries Cloy in making the announcement. The early Vietnam surrender date. of State Dean Rusk and Dean Atcheson; C.B.S. Foundation has given $300,000 to pay But the CBS people, who would have former Secretaries of Defense Thomas S. for the fellowship program. us believe they want to tell the American Gates and Robert Strange McNamara are A spokesman for C.B.S. said one fellowship people the truth of what is going on in­ listed as members of the CFR? would be awarded each year to "a promising volving imaginary financial and control Could it be that CBS and many of its American foreign correspondent" for "study conspiracies, have not told the American other opinion-making friends do not and reflection.'' A committee composed large­ people about a very real conspiracy­ want to tell the American people that ly of men connected with the council will make the selection. C.B.S. will also be rep­ which is to transfer the defeat of our Mr. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, president resented on the committee. The stipend is foreign policy in Vietnam from the re­ and publisher of the New York Times; expected to be about $10,000 in most cases. sponsible parties and make the military Mr. Frederick S. Beebe, chairman of the forces, who have had no voice in the board of tbe Washington Post; Mr. Os­ I particularly call the attention of my planning of the no-win T)()licy nor little borne Elliott, president of Newsweek; colleagues to my remarks "CFR: For control over the operations, the scape­ Walter Lippmann, syndicated news Whom We Serve," CONGRESSIONAL REC­ goat. Pressure from the top and bottom columnist and editor of the New Re­ ORD, volume 115, part 30, page 41305, now becomes lateral pressure from both public magazine; Mr. Bill D. Moyers of and my article, "Television and the Mass sides. Newsday; and Brig. Gen. David Sarnoff Slicks," CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume I hold a copy of the so-called Pentagon are all listed as members of the CFR? 116, part 23, page 31405, which includes 24682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971

the history of some of these manipulators A E of war and peace. I insert them in the Akers, Anthony B; Albrecht-ca.rrte, Rene; Eagle, Vernon A.; Ea.ton, Frederick M.; RECORD again at this point: Aldrich, Winthrop W.; Alexander, Archibald Eberle, W. D.; Eberstadt, Ferdinand; Edel­ CFR: FOR WHOM WE SERVE S.; Alexander, Henry C.; Alexander, Robert man, Albert I.; Edelstein, Julius C. C.; Eder, J.; Allan, F. Alley; Allen, Charles E.; Allen, Phanor J.; Eichelberger, Clark M.; Elliott, Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, like many of our Phlllp E.; Alley, James B.; Allport, Alexander L. W.; Elliott, Osborn. colleagues, I receive frequent inquiries as to W.; Alpern, Alan N. Elson, Robert T.; Emmet, Christopher; who or what is responsible for causing the Altschul, Arthur G.; Altchul, Frank; Ames, Engel, Irving M.; Engelhard, Charles W., Jr.; wars a.nd in preventing peace. Most people do Amya.s; Ammidon, Hoyt; Anderson, Robert Erpf, Armand G.; Estabrook, Robert R.; not buy the story tha.<; people provoke wars-­ B.; Armour, Norman; Armstrong, Hamilton Ewing, Sherman; Ewing, Wllliam, Jr.; Exter, therefore, they seek to discover sinister al­ Fish; Ascoll, Max; Attwood, William; Aubrey, John. ternatives such as the lust for profit a.nd Henry G.; Ault, Bromwell. F power. Many inquiries suggest the existence of an B Feer, Mark C.; Fenn, William P.; Fergu­ international conspiratorial plot--a.n invisi­ Backer, George; Badeau, John S.; Baird, son, Glenn W.; Field, William Osgood, Jr.; ble government--promoted by a.nd for indus­ Charles F.; Baldwin, Robert H. B.; Ball, Finger, Seymour M.; Finlay, LUke W.; Fin­ trialists, intellectuals, a.nd wealthy finan­ George W.; Bancroft, Harding F.; Barber, letter, Thomas K.; Finney, Paul B.; Fischer, ciers. The CFR, Council on Foreign Relations, Charles F.; Barber, Joseph; Barker, Robert R.; John; Fleck, G. Peter. is commonly mentioned-and to the inquisi­ Barlow, William E.; Barnds, William J.; Ford, Nell; Forrestal, Micha.el V.; Fowler, tive mind the CFR itself ma.y supply many Barnes, Joseph; Barnes, Robert G.; Barnett, Henry H.; Fox, Joseph C.; Fox, William T. R.; answers. Frank R.; Barra.nd, Harry P., Jr.; Barnett, Foye, Arthur B.; Frankel, Charles; Franklin, Almost as a. Christmas gift, I wa.s supplied Edward W.; Barzun, Jacques; Ba.ssow, Whit­ George S., Jr.; Fra.sche, Dean F.; Fredericks, by the CFR with its annual report for the man. J. Wayne. year ending June 30, 1969. The report, in Bastedo, Phlllp; Bator, Peter A.; Beal, Ger­ Freedman, Emanuel R.; Frelinghuysen, addition to containing impressive data. a.nd ald F.; Becker, Loftus E.; Bede.rd, Pierre; Peter H. B.; French, John; Freudenthal, accomplishments, supplies the CFR member­ Beebe, Frederick S.; Beinecke, William S.; David M.; Friele, Berent; Friendly, Henry J.; ship list. Among the 1,451 CFR members a.re Bell, Daniel; Bell, David E.; Benjamin, Robert Frye, William R.; Fuerbringer, Otto; Fuller, former military commanders of Vietnam a.nd S.; Bennett, Jack F .; Bennett, John C.; Ben­ C. Dale; Fuller, Robert G.; Funkhouser, Korea., Secretaries of State under both par­ ton, William; Beplat, Tristan E.; Berle, Adolf E . N., Jr. ties, la;bor czars, international bankers, and A.; Besse, Simon Michael; Bienstock, Abra­ G newsmen. Undoubtedly an index to the most ham L.; Bingham, Jonathan B.; Birkelund, Gage, Harlow W.; Galla.tin, James P.; powerful group of men ever assembled with­ John P. Gardner, Richard N.; Garretson, Albert H.; in one orga.nlza.tlon. In addition to their Black, Joseph E.; Black, Peter; Blake, Nor­ Garrison, Lloyd K.; Gates, Samuel E.; Gates, own finances they acknowledge grants re­ man P.; Blough, Roger M.; Blough, Roy; Thomas S.; Geneen, Harold S.; Gideones, ceived from Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Blum, John A.; Blumenthal, w. Micha.el; Harry D.; Gillespie, S. Haza.rd; Gilpatric, Brothers Fund, a.nd the Carnegie Corporation Bogdan, Norbert A.; Bolte, Charles G.; Bon­ Roswell L.; Goldberg, Arthur J .; Golden. Fund. sal, Dudley B.; Borch, Fred J .; Borton, Hugh. William T. Since the CFR membership list contains Bowers, John Z.; Boyd, Hugh N.; Braxton, Golden, Harri.son J.; Gold.stone, Harmon so many prominent individuals who preside Carter M.; Breck, Henry C.; Brinckerhofl', H.; Gordon, Albert H .; Grace, J. Peter; .Graft, a.s unelected decisionma.kers in our Govern­ Charles M.; Brittenham, Raymond L.; Bronk, Robert D., Grazier, Joseph A.; Grifllth, ment--those who have and who a.re ma.king Detley W.; Brown, Courtney C.; Brown, Irv­ Thomas; Grimm, Peter; Gross, Ernest A.; the overall policy a.nd decisions--perha.ps it ing; Brown, Walter L.; Brownell, George A.; Grover, Allen; Gruson, Sydney; Guggenheim, would be more feasible to direct the many Bruce, James. Harry F.; Gunther, John; Gurfein, Murray I. Inquiries of pa.rents a.nd survivors of our Bzezinski, Zbigniew; Bufl'um, William B.; H Bullock, Hugh; Bundy, McGeorge; Burden, fighting men and POW's to them CFR, Har­ Hager, Eric-H.; Haider Michael L.; Ha4ght, old Pratt House, 58 Ea.st 68th Street, New William A. M.; Burkhardt, Frederick; -Bur­ York. nett, John G.; Bush, Donald F .; Bushner, George W.; Halaby, Najeeb E.; Halberstam, Rolland H.; Butler, William F .; Buttenweiser, David; Hamilton, Fowler; Hammond, Ca.pt. Mr. Speaker, I include pages of the CFR Paul; Ha.nee, William A.; Harari, Maurice; list following my remarks. Benjamin J. c Ha.rbar, J. G.; Harriman, E. Roland; Haskell, Broderick. CFR ANNUAL REPORT Ca.bell, Richard A.; Calder, Alexander, Jr:; Hauge, Gabriel; Ha.yes, Alfred; Hayes, Sam­ MEMBERSHIP Calhoun, Alexander D.; Camp, Hugh D.; uel P.; Haynes, Ulric, Jr.; Hazard, John N.; For some time the Council ha.s been in the Campbell, John C.; Canfield, Cass; Canfield, Heaith, Donald R.; Heckscher, August; Helm, process of a. serious self-study regarding the Franklin O.; Carey, Andrew G.; Carroll, Harold H.; Henderson, William; Henkin, direction and emphasis its program of stud­ Mitchell B.; Carson, Ralph M.; Carter, George Louis; Herod, W. Rogers; Herter, Christian ies and related activities should take in light E.; Carter, William D. A., Jr. of present and, insofar a.s they can be antici­ Cary, William L.; Case, John C.; Cates, Herzog, Paul M.; Hester, James M.; Hickey, pated, future foreign policy priorities of the John M., Jr.; Cattier, Jean; Chartener, Wil­ William M.; Hill, Forrest F.; F.; Hill, James United States. An important aspect of this liam H.; Chase, W . Howard; Chittenden, T., Jr.; Hilsman, Roger; Hochschild, Harold investigation relates to the quantity of the George H .; Chubb, Hendon, 2nd; Chubb, K.; Hoohsohild, Walter, Hotfma.n, Paul G.; Council's membership and the degree to Percy, 2nd; Church, Edgar M.; Clay, Gen. Hoglund, Elis S. which balance ls maintained among the dif­ Lucius D. Hoguet, Robert L.; Hohenberg, John; Hol­ ferent types of members. Recognizing the Cleveland, Harold van B .; Cleveland, Wil­ land, Kenneth; Holmes, Alan R.; Holt, L. need for a comprehensive examination of the liam B.; Clinchy, Everett R.; Coffin, Edmund; Emmett, Jr.; Homer, Sidney; Hoover, Lyman; membership situation, the Boa.rd of Direc­ Cohen, Jerome B.; Coles, James S.; Colla.do, Horn, Garfield H.; Horton, Phillip C.; Hottlet, tors set up a.n ad hoc committee, with Carroll Emilio G.; Colwell, Kent G.; Conant, James Richard c. L. Wilson a.s chairman, to review the present B.; Conant, Melvin; Connor, John T.; Consi­ Houghton, Arthur A., Jr.; Houston, Frank composition a.nd to suggest guidelines for dine, Rev. John J. M.M. K.; Hovey, Allan, Jr.; Howard, John B.; How­ the future. It met during the pa.st winter and Cook, Howard A.; Coolidge, Nicholas J.; ell, John I.; Hughes, John Chambers, Hure­ spring a.nd expects to present its conclusions Coombs, Charles A.; Cooper, Franklin S.; witz, J. C.; Hyde, Henry B.; Hyde, James N. a.nd recommendations to the Boe.rd in the Cordier, Andrew W.; Costanzo, G. A.; Cough­ I coming winter. ran, Tom B.; Cousins, Norman; Cowan, L. Gray; Cowan, Lduis G.; Cowles, Gardner; Inglis, John B.; Irwin, John N., 2d; Iselin, The Advisory Committee on Younger Mem­ O'Donnell; Issa.wt, Charles. bers has just completed its second year and Creel, Dana. S.; Cummings, Robert L.; Cusick, as a result of its recommendations, 34 excep­ Peter. J tionally quallfled younger members (princi­ D Jackson, Elmore; Jackson, Wlllla.m E.; pally in their thirties, with the remainder Darlington, Charles F.; Darrell, Norris; James, George F.; Jamieson, J. K.; Jaretzki, in their twenties) have been admitted dur­ Davenport, John; Davidson, Ralph K .; Davi­ Alfred, Jr.; Jastrow, Robert: Javits, Jacob K.; ing this period. The following have been son, W. Phillips; Dean, Arthur H.; Debevoise, Jay, Nelson Dean; Jessup, Alpheus W.; Jes­ serving on the committee: Eugene B. Skolnl­ Eli Whitney; De Cubas, Jose; de Lima, Oscar sup, John K.; Johnson, Edward F .; Johnson, koff, Michael V. Forresta.l, Gerald Freund, A.; Deming, Frederick L.; De Rosso, Al­ Joseph E.; Johnson, Lester B.; Jones, David Gerald M. Mayer, Jr., Lawrence C. McQua.de, phonse; de Vries, Henry P.; Dewey, Thomas J. Stephen Stamas, and Alexander B. Trow­ E.; Dexter, Byron. K bridge. Dickson, R . Russell, Jr.; Diebold, John; Kahn, Herman; Ka.linsk!, Felix A.; Ka.m­ As of June 30, 1969, there were 1,451 mem­ Diebold, Wllliam, Jr.; Dillon, Clarence; Dil­ iner, Peter H.; Kane, R. Keith; Katzenbach, bers, of whom 704 were resident and 747 lon, Douglas; Dilworth, J. Richardson; Nicholas de B.; Keezer, Dexter M.; Keiser, non-resident. Dodge, Cleveland E.; Donahue, Donald J.; David M.; Kempner, Maxlm.illian W.; Kenen, LoRNA BRENNAN, Donovan, Hedley; Dorr, Goldthwaite H .; Peter B.; Kenney, F. Donald; Keppel, Francis; Membership Secretary. Dorwin, Oscar John; Douglas, Lewis W .; Kern, Harry F.; Ketta.neh, Francis A. Resident Members as of September 8, 1969 Douglas Paul W .; Dubinsky, David. Keyser, Paul V., Jr.; King, Frederic R.; July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24683

Kirk, Grayson; Kleiman, Robert; Knight, R Whitney, John Hay; Whitridge, Arnold; Wil­ Douglas; Knight, Robert Huntington; Knoke, Rabi, Isidor I.; Ramblin, J. Howard, Jr.; bur, C. Martin; Wilhelm, Harry; Wilkey, Mal­ L. Warner; Knoppers, Antonie T.; Knowl­ Reber, Samuel; Reed, Phllip D.; Reid, Ogden colm Richard; Wilkinson, Theodore L.; Wil­ ton, Winthrop; Knoenig, Robert P.; Krledler, R.; Reid, Whitelaw; Reston, James B.; Rhein­ liam.5, Franklin H.; Williams, Langbourne M. Robert N. stein, Alfred; Richardson, Arthur Berry. Wilson, Donald M.; Wilson, John D.; Win­ L Riegelman, Harold; Robbins, Donald G.; gate, Henry S.; Winslow, Richard S.; Wofford, Labouisse, Henry R.; Lacy, Dan B.; Lamb, Jr.; Robertson, Charles S.; Robinson, Gerold Harris L., Jr; Wood, Bryce; Woodman, Her­ Horace R.; Lamont, Peter T.; Larmon, Sig­ T.; Roche, James M.; Rockefeller, David; bert, B.; Woodward, Donald B.; Wooley, urd S.; LaRoche, Chester J.; Lary, Hal B.; Rockefeller, John D., 3d; Rockefeller, Neison Knight; Wriston, Henry M.; Wriston, Laukhuff, Perry; Laybourne, Lawrence E., Le­ A.; Rockefeler, Rodman C.; Rockhill, Victor Walter B. y Barron Eugene; Lee, Elliott H.; Lehman, John E.; Rodriguez, Vincent A. R.; Lehman, Orin; Lehman, Hal; Leonard, Rogers, Lindsay; Roosa, Robert V.; Root, Yost, Charles W.; Young, F.dgar B.; Young, James G. • Oren; Rosen.man, Samuel I.; Rosentiel, John M.; Young, Kenneth T., Jr. Leroy, Norbert G.; Leslie, John C.; Levy, Lewis; Rosenthal, A. M.; Rosenwald, Wil­ z Walter J.; Lewis, Roger; Lieberman, Henry R.; liam; Rosin, Axel G.; Ross, T. J.; Rueb­ Lillienthal, David E.; Lilley, A. N.; Lindbeck, hausen, Oscar M.; Russell, T. W., Jr.; Rus­ Zagoria, Donald S.; Zurcher, Arnold J. John M. H.; Lindquist, Warren T.; Lindsay, tow, Dankwart A. NONRESIDENT MEMBERS AS OF SEPTEMBER George N.; Lindsay, John V.; Linen, James s 8, 1969 A.; Lippmann, Walter; Lissitzyn, Oliver J. Locke, Edwin A., Jr.; Lockwood, John E.; Sachs, Alexander; Sachs, Howard J.; Salis­ Abeggien, James C.; Abelson, Philip H.; Loeb, John L.; Loft, George; Loomis, Alfred bury, Harrison E.; Saltzman, Charles E.; Sar­ Abram, Morris B.; Acheson, Dea.n G.; Achilles, L.; Loos, Rev. A. William; Loucqs, Harold H.; geant, Howland H.; Sargent, Noel; Sarnoff, Theodore C.; Agar, Herbert; Allen, Raymond Lubar, Robert A.; Lubin, Isador; Luckey, E. Brig. Gen. David; Schachter, Oscar, Schaff­ B.; Amory, Robert, Jr.; Anderson, Dillon; An­ Hugh; Ludt, R. E.; Luke, David L., 3rd; Lunt, ner, .Toseph Halle; Schapiro, J. Sa.lwyn; derson, Adm. George W., Jr.; Anderson, Roger Samuel D.; Lyford, Joseph P. Scherman, Harry; Schiff, John M. E.; Angell, James W.; Armstrong, Brig. Gen. Schiller, A. Arthur; Shilling, Warner R.; DeWitt C., 3rd; Armstrong, John A.; Austin, M Schilthuis, Willem C.; Schlesinger, Arthur, Vice Adm. B. L. Mceance, Thomas; Mcoa.rthy, John G.; Mc­ Jr.; Schmidt, Herman J.; Schmoker, J. Ben­ B Cloy, John J.; McCloy, John J., 2nd; Mc­ jamin; Schwartz, Harry; Schwarz, Frederick Babcock, Maj. Gen. C. Sta.nton; Ba_ker, Colough, C. Peter; McDermott, Walsh; A. 0; Scott, John; Scott, Stuart N.; sea.­ George P.; Baldwin, Hanson W.; Ballou, McGraw, James H., Jr.; McKeever, Porter; Mc­ grave, Norman P.; Seligman, Eustace. George T.; Barco, James W.; Barger, Thomas Lean, John G.; MacEachron, David W.; Mac­ 8eymour, Whitney North; Shapiro, Isaac; C.; Barghoorn, Frederick C.; Barker, James Gregor, Ian K.; Macintyre, Malcolm A.; Sharp, George C.; Sharp, James H.; Shea, M.; Barkin, Solomon; Barnett, Richard J.; Maffry, August; Manshel, Warren D. Andrew B.; Sheean, Vincent; Sheeline, Paul Barnett, A. Doak; Mark, Rev. Julius; Markel, Lester; Mar­ C.; Sheffield, Frederick; Shepard, David A.; shall, Burke; Marvel, William W.; Masten, Barnett, Rober-t W.; Barnett, Vincent M., Shepard, Frank P.; Shulman, Marshall D.; Jr.; Barrows, Leland; Bartholomew, Dana T.; John E.; Mathews, Edward J.; Mattison, Shute, Benjamin R. Graham D.; May, A. Wilfred; Mayer, Gerald Bass, Robert P., Jr.; Bate£, Marston; Bator, Silver, K. H.; Simons, Hans; Sims, Albert Francis M.; Baumer, William H.; Baxter, M., Jr.; Menke, John R.; Merz, Charles; Metz­ G.; Slater, Joseph E.; Slawson, John; Smith, ger, Herman A.; Meyer, John M., Jr.; Mick­ James P., 3rd; Bayne, Edward Ashley; Beam, Carleton Sprague; Smith, Datus C., Jr.; Jacob D.; Bechtel, S. D.; Beckhart, Benja­ elson, Sig. Smith, Davis S.; Smith, Hayden N.; Smith, Millard, Mark J.; Miller, Paul R., Jr.; Mills, min H.; W. Mason; Sommers, Davidson; Sonne, Beckler, David Z.; Beer, Samuel H.; Behr­ Bradford; Model, Leo; Moe, Sherwood G.; Christian R. Moore, Ben T.; Moor~. Edward F.; Moore, man, Jack N.; Bell, Holley Mack; Benda, Sonne, Christian H.; Sorenson, Thecdore Harry J.; Bennett, Lt. Gen. Donald V.; Ben­ George S.; Moore, Maurice T.; Moore, Rob­ G.; Soubry, E. E.; Spang, Kenneth M.; ert A.; Moore, Walden; Moore, William T.; nett, Martin Tosca.n; Bergson, Abram; Berg­ Morgan, D. P. . Spencer, Percy C.; Spofford, Charles M.; sten, C. Fred; Bernstein, Edward M.; Betts, Stackpole, Stephen H.; Stamas, Stephen; Morgan, Henry S.; Morley, James William; Brig. Gen. Thomas J.; Morris, Grinnell; Morrisett, Lloyd N.; Mosley, Stanton, Frank; Stebbins, James H.; Steb­ Billington, James H.; Bissell, Richard M., bins, Richard P.; Steiniger, Edward L.; Philip E.; Moyers, Bill D.; Muir, Malcolm; Jr.; Black, Cyril E.; Black, Brig. Gen. Edwin Munroe, George B.; Munroe, Vernon, Jr.; Stern, Fritz; Stern, H. Peter. F.; Blackie, William; Blake, Robert O.; Bliss, Munyan, Winthrop R.; Murden, Forrest D., Stewart, Robert McLean; Stillman, Chaun­ C. I.; Bloomfield, Lincoln P.; Boardman, Jr.; Murphy, Grayson M. P.; Murphy, J. cey; Stillman, Ralph S.; Stinebower, Leroy Marry; Boeschenstein, Harold; Bohlen, Morden. D.; Stoddard, George D.; Stokes, Isaac N.P.; CharlesE.; Strak9., Jerome A.; Stratton, Julius A.; N Bonesteel, Gen. C. H., 3rd; Bonsal, Philip Straus, Dona.Id B.; Straus, Jack I.; Straus, W.; Boorman, Howard L.; Boothby, Albert C.; Neal, Alfred S.; Nelson, Clifford C.; New­ Oscar S. ton, Quigg, Jr.; Nichols, Thomas S.; Nichols, Bowie, Robert R.; Bowles, Chester; Bowles, Straus, Ralph I.; Strauss, Simon D.; Strel­ William I.; Nickerson, A. L.; Nielsen, Walde­ Frank; Braden, Thomas W.; Bradfield, Rich­ bert, Theodore C.; Strong, Benjamin; Sulz­ ard; Bradford, Amory H.; Braisted, Paul J. mar A.; Nimitz, Chester W., Jr.; Nolte, Rich­ berger, Arthur Ochs; Sutton, Francis X.; ard H.; Notestein, Frank W.; Noyes, Charles Bramstedt, W. F.; Brewster, Kingman, Jr.; Phelps. Swearer, Howard R.; Swing, John Temple; Briggs, Ellis O.; Brimmer, Andrew F.; Bristol, Swinton, Stanley M.; Swope, Gerard, Jr. 0 William M.; Bronwell, Arthur; Brooks, Har­ Oakes, John B.; Ogden, Alfred; Olmstead, T vey; Brorby, Melvin; Bross, John A.; Brown, Cecil J.; O'Neill, Michael J.; Osborn, Earl D.; Taylor, Arthur R.; Thomas, Evan; Thomas, Harold; Brown, Lester R.; Brown, William O.; Osborn, Frederick H.; Osborn, William H.; H. Gregory; Thompson, Earle S.; Thompson, Brownell, Lincoln C. Osborne, Stanley de J.; Ostrander, F. Taylor, Kenneth W.; 'I'ibby, John; Tomlinson, Alex­ Bruce, David K. E.; Brundage, Percival F.; Jr.; Overby, Andrew N.; Overton, Douglas W. ander C.; Topping, 8eymour. Bundy, William P.; Bunker, Ellsworth; Bun­ nell, C. Sterling; Burchi.n.al, Gen. David A.; p Townsend, Edward; Townsend, Oliver; Trager, Frank N.; Traphagen, J. C,; Travis, Burgess, Carter L.; Burgess, W. Randolph; Pace, Frank, Jr.; Page, Howard W.; Page, Martin, B., Jr.; Trippe, Juan Terry; Trow­ Burns, Arthur F.; Bussey, Col. Donald S.; John H.; Page, Robert G.; Page, Walter H.; bridge, Alexander B.; Tweedy, Gordon B. Byrne, James MacGregor; Byrnes, Robert F.; Paley, William S.; Palfrey, John G.; Parker, u Byroade, Henry A. Philo W.; Passin, Herbert; Patterson, Ell­ c more S.; Patterson, Frederick D. Uzielli, Giorgio. Patterson, Herbert P.; Payne, Frederick v Cabot, John M.; Cabot, Louis W.; Os.bot, B.; Payne, Samuel B.; Payson, Charles Ship­ Vance, Cyrus R.; Vila, George R.; von Thomas D.; Caldwell, Robert G.; Calkins, man; Peardon, Thomas P.; Pearson, John E.; Klemperer, Alfred H.; Voorhees, Tracy S. Hugh; Caraway, Lt. Gen. Paul W.; Carpenter, Pennoyer, Paul G.; Pennoyer, Robert M.; W. Samuel, 3rd; Cary, Maj. Gen. John B.; Perkins, James A.; Perkins, Roswell B.; Perry, w Case, Clifford P.; ca.se, Everett N. Hart. Wagley, Charles W.; Walker, A. Lightfoot; Cater, Douglass; Chapma.n, John F.; Char­ Petersen, Gustav H.; Petschek, Stephen Walker, George G.; Walker, Joseph, Jr.; Wal­ pie, Robert A.; Chartener, William H.; Chayes, R.; Phillips, Christopher H.; Picker, Harvey; kowicz, T. F.; Warburg, Eric M.; Warburg, Abram J.; Cheever, Daniel S.; Chenery, Hollis Pickering, James V.; Piel, Gerald; Pierce, Frederick M.; Ward, F. Champion; Warfield, B.; Cherrington, Ben M.; Childs, Marquis; William C.; Piercy, George T.; Pierson, War­ Ethelbert; Warner, Rawleigh, Jr.; Wasson, ren Lee; Pifer, Alan; Pike, H. Harvey. Donald. Church, Frank; Cisler, Walker L.; Cla.rk, Place, John B. M.; Platten, Dona.Id C.; Watson, Arthur K.; Watson, Thoinas J., Jr.; Ralph L.; Cleveland, Harlan. Plimpton, Francis T. P.; Polk, Judd; Poor, J. Wauchope, Vice Adm. George; Weaver, Syl­ Clough, Ernest T.; Coffee, Joseph Irving; Sheppard; Potter, Robert S.; Power, Thomas vester L. Jr.; Webster Bethuel M.; Werni­ Cohen, Benjamin V.; Cole, Charles W.; Col­ F., Jr.; Powers, Joshua B.; Pratt, H. Irving; mont, Kenneth; Wharton, Clifton R. Jr.; lings, L. V.; Collingwood, Charles C.; Conlon, Probst, George E.; Pulling, Edward. Wheeler Walter H., Jr.; Whidden, Howard Richard P.; Conrad, Gen. Bryan; Coombs, Q P.; Whipple, Taggart. Philip H.; Cooper, Chester L.; Cooper, John Quigg, Phllip W. Whit~. Frank X.; White, Theodore H.; Sherm.an; Cooper, Richard N. 24684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 Copeland, La.mmot du Pont; Corson, Dale Watts; Hill, Robert C.; Hinshaw, Randall; Meck, John F.; Merchant, Livingston T.; R.; Cotting, Charles E.; Cowles, John; Cowles, Hirscham, Albert 0. Merilla.t, H. C. L.; Merriwether, Duncan; Met­ John, Jr.; Crane, Winthrop Murray, 3rd; Hitch, Charles J.; Hofer, Philip; Hoffman, calf, George R.; Meyer, Albert J.; Meyer, Cros.s, James E.; Crotty, Homer D.; Crowe, Michael L.; Hoffmann, Stanley; Holland, Wil­ Charles A.; Meyer, Cord, Jr.; Milbank, Rob­ Philip K.; Curran, Jean A., Jr.; Curtis, Ed­ liam L.; Holst, Willem; Holt, Pat M. Hoopes, bins; Miller, Col. Francis P. ward P. Townsend W.; Hoover, Herbert W. Jr.; Hop­ Miller, J. Irwin; Miller, William J.; Milli­ D kins, D. Luke; Hopper, Buce C.; Horton, kan, Max F.; Minor, Harold B.; Mladek, Jan Dale, William B .; Dallin, Alexander; Dan­ Alan W. V.; Molina, Edgar R.; Montias, J. Micha.el; gerfield, Royden; David, Donald K .; David­ Hoskins, Harold B.; Houghton, Amory; Moore, Hugh; Moran, William E., Jr.; Morgan, son, Alfred A.; Davies, Fred A.; Davies, Rod­ Hovde, Frederick L.; Hoyt, Edwin c.; Jr.; Cecil; Morgan, George A.; Morgenstern, ger P.; Davis, John A.; Davis, Nathanael V.; Hoyt, Palmer; Hughes, Thomas L.; Huglin, Oskar. Davis, Nathaniel; Davison, Daniel P.; Dean, Brig. Gen. H. C.; Humphrey, Ht~bert H.; Morgenthau, Hans J.; Morse, David A.; Edgar P.; Deaver, John V. Hunsberger, Warren S.; Hunt, James Ram­ Morton, Louis; Mudd, Henry T.; Muller, Decker, William C.; De Guigne; Christian, say; Hunter, Clarence E.; Huntington, Steven; Munger, Edwin S.; Munoz Marvin, 3rd; DeKiewiet, C. W.; DePalma, Samuel, Samuel P. Luis; Munro, Dana G.; Murphy, Franklin D.; Despres, Emile; Deuel, Wallace R .; Deutch, Murphy, Robert D.; Myers, Denys P. Michael J.; Dickey, John S.; Doherty, William Isaacs, Norman E.; Iverson, Kenneth R. N C., Jr.; Dollard, Charles; Donham, Paul. Nason, John W.; Nathan, Robert R.; Nelson, Donnell, James C., 2nd; Donnelley, Lt. Gen. J Fred M.; Nelson, Merlin E.; Neustadt, Rich­ Harold C.; Dorr, Russell H.; Doty, Paul M., Jr., Jacobson, Harold K .; Jaffe, Sam A.; Jan­ ard E.; Newman, Richard T.; Nicholas, Calvin Douglas, Donald W., Jr.; Dowling, Walter; sen, Ma.r:ius B .; Jenney, John K.; Jessup, J.; Nitze, Paul H.; Nolting, Frederick E., Jr.; Draper, William H., Jr.; Dreier, John C.; Philip C.; Jessup, Philip C., Jr.; Johnson, Gen. Harold K.; Johnson, Howard C.; Norstad, Gen. Lauris; Nover, Barnett; Noyes, Drummond, Roscoe; Ducas, Robert; Duke, W. Albert, Jr. Angier Biddle; Dungan, Ralph A.; Durdin, Johnson, Howard W.; Johnston, Henry R.; F. Tillman. Johnstone, W. H.; Jones, Peter T.; Jones, 0 E Thomas V.; Jordan, Col. Amos A., Jr.; Jor­ O'Connor, Roderic L.; Oelman, R. S.; den, William J. Oliver, Oovey T.; Osborne, Llthgow; Osgood, Eckstein, Alexrulder; Edwards, A. R.; Ed­ Robert E .; OWen, Garry; Owen, Henry. wards, William H.; Einaudi, Mario; Elliott, K Byron K.; Elliott, Randle; Elliott, William Kahin, George McT.; Kaiser, Philip M.; p Y.; Ellsberg, Daniel; Emeny, Brooks. Kamarck, Andrew M.; Katz, Milton; Katz­ Paffrath, Leslie; Palmer, Norman D.; Pant­ Emerson, Rupert; Enthoven, Alain C.; Ep­ enbach, Edward L., Jr.; Kaufmann, William zer, Kurt F.; Park, Richard L.; Parker, Bar­ pert, Ray R.; Ernst, Albert E.; Evans, John W.; Kaysen, Carl; Kempner, Frederick C.; rett; Parkhurst, George L.; Parsons, John C.; K.; Evans, Roger F.; Everton, John Scott. Kennan, George F.; Kerr, Clark; Killian, Patterson, Gardner; Paul, Norman S.; Paul, James R., Jr.; Kimberly, John R. Roland A.; Pedersen, Richard F.; Pell, Clai­ F King, James E ., Jr.; King, John A., Jr.; borne. Fahs, Charles B.; Fainsod, Merle; Fairbank, Kitner, Col. William R.; Kissinger, Henry Pelzer, Karl J.; Penfield, James K.; Perera, John King; Fairbanks, Douglas; Falk, Rich­ A.; Kistiakowsky, George B .; Kitchen, Jef­ Guido R.; Peretz, Don.; Perkins, Courtland ard A.; Farmer, Garland R.; Farmer, Thomas frey C.; Knorr, Klaus; Kohler, Foy D.; Kohl­ D.; Peterson, Howard C.; Petty, John R.; L.; Fels, Herbert; Ferguson, John H.; Fifield, er, Walter J.; Korbel, Josef; Korry, Edward Phelger, Herman; Pierotti, Roland; Piquet, RusselH. M.; Kotschnig, Walter M.; Kraft, Joseph. Howard S.; Plank, John N.; Platig, E. Ray­ Finkelstein, Lawrence S.; Firestone, Har­ L mond. vey S.; Jr.; Fishel, Wesley R.; Fisher, Adrian Plimpton, Calvin H.; Pogue, L. Welch; Ladejinsky, Wolf; La Farge, Francis W .; S.; Fisher, Roger; Flanigan, Peter M.; Florin­ Poletti, Charles; Polk, William R.; Pool, Laing, R. Stanley; Lampert, Lt. Gen. James sky, Michael T.; Folsom, Victor C.; Ford, Ithiel DeSola; Posvar, Wesley W.; Praguer, B.; Lamson, Roy, Jr.; Lang, Robert E.; Lan­ ThomasK. Frederick A.; Prance, P. F. A.; Price, Don K.; ger, Paul F.; Langer, William L.; Langsam, Forkner, Claude E.; Fosdick, Raymond B.; Prizer, John B.; Pusey, Nathan M .; Putzell, Foster, William C.; Frank, Isaiah; Fankel, Walter Consuelo; Lanham, Maj. Gen. Edwin J., Jr.; Pye, Lucian W. Charles T. Max; Free, Lloyd R .; Freeman, Fulton; R Freund, Gerald; Fuller, Carlton P.; Furber, Lansdale, Maj. Gen. Edward G.; Lasswell, Holden. Harold D .; Lawrence, David; Lawrence, Radway, Laurence I.; Rathjens, George W.; William H .; Laylin, John G.; Leddy, John Ravenholt, Albert; Ray, George W., Jr.; Red­ G M.; Lee, Charles Henry; Leghorn, Richard mon, E. Hayes; Reeves, Jay B. L.; Reinhardt, Galbraith, J. Kenneth; Gallagher, Charles S.; Leich, John F.; Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman G. Frederick; Reischauer, Edwin O.; Reitzel, F.; Gallagher, John F.; Gant, George F.; Gar­ L.; Leslie, Donald S.; Le Sueur, Larry. William; Rennie, Wesley F.; Resor, Stanley diner, Arthur Z.; Gardner, John W.; Garthoff, Levine, Irving R.; Levy, Marion J., Jr.; R .; Reuss, Henry S.; Reuther, Walter P. Raymond L.; Gaud, William S.; Gaylord, Lincoln, Gen. G. A.; Lindblom, Charles E .; Revelle, Roger; Reynolds, Lloyd G.; Rich, Bradley; Geier, Paul E.; Gerhart, Maj. Gen. Linder, Harold F.; Lindley, Ernest K.; John H., Jr.; Richardson, David B.; Richard­ John K.; Grevers, Max E . Lindsay, Franklin A.; Lingle, Walter L., Jr.; son, Dorsey; Richardson, Elliot L.; Richard­ Gibney, Frank B.; Giffin, Brig. Gen. Sidney Linowitz, Sol M.; Lipson, Leon; Little, Her­ son, John, Jr.; Ridgway, Gen. Matthew B.; F.; Gil, Peter P.; Gilbert, Carl J.; Gilbert, H. bert S.; Little, L.K. Riefier, Winfield W.; Ries, Hans A.; Ripley, N.; Gilchrist, Huntington Gilpatric, Chad­ Lockard, Derwood W .; Lockwood, Me.­ S. Dillon, 2nd; Roberts, Henry L.; Rogers, bourne; Ginsburgh, Brig. Gen. Robert N.; nice de F ., 3rd; Lockood, William W.; James Grafton. Gleason, S. Everett; Glennan, T. Keith; Lodge, George Cabot; Lodge, Henry ca.bot; Rogers, William D.; Roosevelt, Kermit; Coheen, Robert F. Long, Franklin A.; Longstreet, Victor M.; Rosengarten, Adolph G., Jr.; Ross, Roger; Goodhart, Arthur L.; Goodpaster,.Gen. An­ Loomis, Henry; Lovestone, Jay; Loy, Frank Rostow, Eugene V.; Rostow, Walt W.; Roth, drew J . Goodrich, Carter; Goodrich, Leland E.; Lynch, Edward S.; Lyon, E. Wilson. William, M., Jr.; Rouse, Robert G.; Rowen, M.; Gordon, Kermit; Gordon, Lincoln; Gor­ Henry S.; Rubin, Seymour J.; Rubina, J. P.; nick., Alan L .; Gorter, Wytze; Grant, James M Rush, Kenneth; Rusk, Dean; Ryan, John T .• P.; Graubard, Stephen R.; Gray, Gordon. McCabe, Thomas B .; McClintock, Robert Jr. Gray, William Latimer; Green, Joseph C.; M.; McCone, John Alex.; McCormack, Maj. s Greene, James C.; Greene, Brig. Gen. Michael Gen. James; McCracken, Paul W.; Mccutch­ Salmon, Irving; Samuels, Nathaniel; Sat­ J. L.; Greenwald, Joseph A.; Griffith, Brig. eon, John D.; McDaniel, Joseph M., Jr.; Mc­ terthwaite, Joseph C.; Sawin, Melvin E.; Gen. Samuel B., 2nd; Griffith William E.; Dougal, Myres S.; McFarland, Ross A.; Sawyer, John E.; Scalapino, Robert A.; Grondahl, Teg C.; Gruenther, Gen. Alfred McGee, Gale W.; McGhe, George C. Schaetzel, J. Robert; Schelling, Thomas C.; M.; Gullion, Edmund A. McKay, Vernon; McKinney, Robert M.; Schiff, Frank W.; Schmidt, Adolph W.; McLaughlin, Dona.Id H.; McLean, Donald H Schorr, Daniel L. H., Jr.; McNamara, Robert S.; McQuade, Schuyler, Gen. C. V. R.; Schwab, William Hall, John W .; Halle, Louis J., Jr.; Halperin, Lawrence C.; MacArthur, Douglas, 2nd; B.; Schwebel, Stephen M.; Seaborg, Glenn Morton H.; Hamilton, Edward K .; Hamilton, MacChesney, A. Brunson, 3rd; MacDonald, T.; Seabury, Paul; Sedwitz, Walter J.; Sey­ Thomas J.; Hammonds, Oliver W.; Hanes, Gordon J . F.; MacDonald, J. Carlisle. mour, Forrest W.; Shaplen, Robert; Sharp, John W., Jr.; Hansell, Maj. Gen. Haywood S., Maciver, Murdoch; MacLaury, Bruce K .; Walter R.; Shearer, Warren W.; Sherbert, Jr.; Harbison, Frederick; Hare, Raymond A. MacVeagh, Lincoln; Machold, William F.; Paul C.; Shields, Murray. Harriman, W. Averell; Harris, Irving B .; Maddox, Wllliam P.; Mallinson, Harry; Mal­ Shirer, William L.; Shishkin, Boris; Shus­ Harris, James T. Jr.; Harsch, Joseph C.; Hart, lory, George W .; Mallory, Walter H.; Mann, ter. George N .; Simons, Howard; Simpson, Augustin S.; Hartley, Fred L.; Hartley, Rob­ Thomas C.; Manning, Bayless; Manning, John L.; Sisco, Joseph L.; Skolnikoff, Eugene ert W.; Haskins, Caryl P .; Hauck, Arthur A.; Robert J.; Mansager, Felix N. B .; Slocum, John J.; Smith, Gerard C.; Haviland, H. Field, Jr.; Hays, Brooks; Heald, Marcus, Stanley; Marcy, Carl; Marshall, C Smith, Horace H.; Smith, Robert W. HenryT. Burton; Martin, Edwin M.; Martin, William Smithies, Arthur; Smyth, Henry DeW.; Sol­ Heffelinger, Totton P .; Heilperin, Michael Mee., Jr.; Mason, Edward S .; Matthews, bert, Peter 0. A.; Solomon, Anthony M.; A.; Heintzen, Harry L.; Heinz, H. J., 2nd; William R.; May, Ernest R.; May, Oliver, Sonnenfeldt. Helmut; Sonta.g, Raymond Henderson, L. J., Jr.; Henderson, Loy W.; Hes­ May, Stacy; Mayer, Ferdinand L. James; Soth, Lauren K.; Southard, Frank burgh, Rev. Theodore M., C.S.C.; Hill, George Mayer. Gerald M.; Meagher, Robert F.; A., Jr.; Spaatz, Gen. Carl A.; Spaeth, Carl B. July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24685

Spa.in, James W.; Spencer, John H.; Spen­ months the major responsibllity for the For­ ber of domestic and foreign books, docu­ cer, William C.; Spiegel, Harold R.; Sprague, eign Relations Library, which in each of the ments, and pamphlets were received in ex­ Mansfield D.; Sprague, Robert C.; Sprout, two previous years had benefitted from $100,- change for 306 copies of Council books. Harold; Staley, Eugene; Stanley, Timothy 000 provided by a most generous anonymous DONALD WASSON, W.; Stason, E. Blythe; Stassen, Harold E. donor. Second, the International Affairs Fel­ Librarian. Foreign Relations Library. Stein, Erle; Stephens, Claude O.; Sterling, lowship Program ls now in full swing, as the DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS J. E. Wallace; Stevenson, John R.; Steven­ increase in expenses of $54,500 indicates; this son, William E.; Stewart, Robert Burgess; entire program is financed by the Rockefeller Original board of directors Stilwell, Lt. Gen. Richard G.; Stone, Donald Brothers Fund. Third, with the help of a fine Isaiah Bowman, 1921-1950. C.; Stone, Shepard; Straus, Robert Kenneth. special grant from the Ford Foundation, work Archibald Cary Coolidge, 1921-1928. Strus, R. Peter; Strauss Lewis L.; Strausz­ has started on the Foreign Affairs Fifty-Year Paul D. Cravatl1, 1921-1940. Hupe, Robert; Strayer, Joseph R.; Struble, Bibliography, which will take three years to John W. Davis, 1921-1955. Adm. A. D.; Sulivan, William H.; Sulzberger, complete. Norman H. Davis, 1921-1944. C. L.; Sunderland, Thomas E.; Surrey, Walter The Council's financial statements, as au­ Stephen P. Duggan, 1921-1950. Sterling; Swihart, James W.; Symington, W. dited by Price Waterhouse & Co., follow. More John H. Finley, 1921-1929. Stuart. detailed information is available to any mem­ Edwin F. Gay, 1921-1945. T ber on request. David F. Houston, 1921-1927. Talbot, Phillips; Tan.ham, George K.; RUTH C. WITHERSPOON, otto H. Kahn, 1921-1934. Tannenwald, Theodore, Jr.; Taylor, George Comptroller. Frank L. Polk, 1921-1943. E.; Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D.; Teller, Edward; FOREIGN RELATIONS LmRARY Whitney H. Shepardson, 1921-1966. William R. Shepherd, 1921-1927. Templeton, Richard H.; Tennyson, Leonard Use of the library's fac1lities, including B.; Thayer, Robert H. Paul M. Warburg, 1921-1932. reference services, books, and clipping files, George M. Wickersham, 1921-1936. Thompson, Llewellyn E.; Thomson, James has increased approximately 10 per cent dur­ C., Jr.; Thorp, Willard L.; Timberlake, Clare ing the pa.st year, reflecting greater use of SucceetJ,ing directors according to beginning H.; Trezise, Philip H.; Trltlin, Robert; Tru­ the Library by permanent staff and visiting of term of office man, David B.; Turkevich, John; Tuthill, fellows. The pattern of reference requests Allen W. Dulles, 1927-1969. Joon W.; Tyler, William R. continues to be similar to that of the past R. C. Letlingwell, 1927-1960. u few yea.rs in that the Library staff works George o. May, 1927-1953. Ullman, Richard H.; Ulmer, Alfred c., Jr.; more closely with the research staff, partic­ Wesley c. Mitchell, 1927-1934. Upgren, Arthur R. ularly in the bibliographical field. Owen D. Young, 1927-1940. v The collection now contains 50,500 acces­ Hamilton Fish Armstrong, 1928. sioned volumes, an increase of only 1,000 Charles P. Howland, 1929-1931. Valentine, Alan; Van Dusen, Rev. Henry over last year's total. This is a. plea.sing sta­ Walter Lippmann, 1932-1937. P.; Van Slyck, DeForest; Van Stirum, John; tistic because it reflects progress in the pro­ Clarence M. Woolley, 1932-1935. Vernon, Raymond; Von Mehren, Robert B. gram of weeding out obsolete and redun­ Frank Altschul, 1934. w dant material. Even with a large inflow of Philip c. Jessup, 1934-1942. Wait, Richard; Walker, George R.; Wal­ new volumes each year, it is possible through Harold W. Dodds, 1935-1943. Uch, Henry C.; Walmsley, Walter N.; Ward, judicious discarding to maintain the collec­ Leon Fraser, 1936-1945. Rear Adm. Chester; Warren, John Edwin; tion within bounds. Discarded books are John H. Williams,• 1937-1964. Washburn, Abbott M.; Wasson, R. Gordon; given to selected local and foreign libraries Lewis W. Douglas,• 1940-1964. Watkins, Ralph J.; Weaver, George L. P.; with interests similar to the Council's. Edward Warner, 1940-1945. Weiner, Myron; Weisskopf, Victor F. Some 53,000 United Nations documents Clarence E. Hunter, 1942-1953. Welch, Leo D.; Wellborn, Vice Adm. were added, bringing the total to almost Myron c. Taylor, 1943-1959. Charles, Jr.; Wells, Herman B.; West, Robert 126,000, which require considerable effort to Henry M. Wriston,• 1943-1967. LeRoy; Westmoreland, Gen. W. C.; Westphal, house and catalog. The Library's collection Thomas K. Flneletter, • 1944-1967. Albert C. F.; Wheeler, Oliver P.; Whipple, of United Nations material ls frequently William A. M. Burden, 1945. Brig. Gen. William; Whitaker, Arthur P.; consulted by others associated with simllar Walter H. Mallory,• 1945-1968. White, Gilbert F.; Whiting, Allen S. depository organizations, a fact which is a Philip D. Reed.* 1945-1969. Wiesner, Jerome B.; Wight, Charles A.; source of pride to the staff. Documents of Winfield W. Riefler, 1945-1950. 1949. Wilcox, Francis 0.; Wilcox, Robert B.; Wild, other international-intergovernmental orga­ David Rockefeller, Payson, S.; Wilde, Fraza.r B.; Wilds, Walter nizations continue to flow in, and, as noted W. Averell Harrima.n, 1950-1955. W.; Williams, Haydn; Williams, John H.; in an earlier report, our collection is among Joseph E. Johnson, 1950. Grayson Kirk, 1950. Willits, Joseph H.; Wilmerding, Lucas, Jr. the finest in this field. The clipping files continued to be used Devereux C. Jooephs, 1951-1958. Wilson, Carroll L.; Wimpfheimer, Jacques; Elliott V. Bell,* 1953-1966. Winton, David J.; Wohl, Elmer P.; Wohl­ extensively. Almost the same number, 29,000, of clippings were added as last year, John J. Mccloy, 1953. stetter, Albert; Wolf, Charles, Jr.; Wood, Arthur H. Dean, 1955. Harleston R.; Woodbridge, Henry S.; Wrig­ but there was a decided increase in the total It Charles M. Spofford, 1955. gins, W. Howard; Wright, Adm. Jerauld; number of complete folders circulated. appears that with a change of adm.1nlstra­ Adlai E. Stevenson, 1958-1962. Wright, Quincy; Wright, Theodore P.; Wy­ William C. Foster, 1959. zanski, Charles E., Jr. tion in Washington, with many new envoys and special representatives seeking back­ Caryl P. Ha.skins, 1961. y ground information for new assignments, James A. Perkins, 1963. Yarm.olinksy, Adam; Yntema, Theodore this phenomenon may be expected period­ William P. Bundy, 1964. O.; Young, T. Cuyler; Youngman, William ically. Gabriel Hauge, 1964. S.; Yukkin, Maj. Gen. Rioha.rd A. Three steps ·were taken to ease the prob­ Carroll L. Wilson 1964. Douglas Dillon, 1965. z lem of limited space. The weeding-out proc­ ess was continued as noted, a. project which Henry R. Labouis.se, 1965. Zimmerman, Edwin M. is now approximately 50 percent completed. Robert V. Roosa, 1966. FINANCES Lucian W. Pye, 1966. The card ca ta.log in which there was no Alfred C. Neal, 1967. During the Council's fiscal year ending on further room for expansion has been photo­ Bill D. Moyers, 1967. June 30, 1969, there were a number of im­ copied and will appear in book form (nine Cyrus A. Vance, 1968. portant increases in income. Membership bound volumes) in November, 1969. It will be Hedley Donovan, 1969. dues were raised during the year, resulting in sold commercially to other libraries, so that new income of $60,900. Largely through a aside from saving space and recouping per­ FROM FOUNDING TO PRESENT drive undertaken last January, subscriptions haps a small portion of cataloging expenses, Honorary Presidents to the Corporation Service were increased a good bibliographical tool will be available Elihu Root, 1921-1937. by $46,600. For the first time ln ms.ny years, to other libraries in this country and abroad. Henry M. Wriston, 1964. the gross income of Foreign Affairs exceeded The decision to start replacing original direct expenses, resulting in a net income of U.N. documents with microprint copies has Chairman of the Board $7,600, as compared with a net loss of $12,300 been implemented. It was first necessary to R. C. Leffingwell, 1946-1953. in the preceding year. Net proceeds from the approach the United Nations for formal per­ John C. Mccloy, 1953. sale of Council books, on the other hand, fell mission to do this. Permission has been Presidents slightly during the year, partly because ex­ granted, much to our satisfaction and that of John W. Davis, 1921-1933. tensive revisions have delayed publication of other libraries which will use this decision George W. Wickersham, 1933-1936. the Political Handbook. as a precedent. Microprints of all U.N. ducu- Norman H. Davis, 1936-1944. The Council's expenses increased substan­ ments and Offi.cial Records from 1946 to 1953 R. c. Leffingwell, 1944-1946. tially, in part because of the pressures of have now been purchased, thus freeing over Allen W. Dulles, 1946-1950. inflation. In three areas, however, there were 400 feet of shelving. Henry M. Wriston, 1951-1964. major increases not attributable to 1nfiat1on. Since the early days of the Library it has Grayson Kirk, 1964. The largest of these, $91,000 was due to the been active in cooperating with other li­ Council's reassuming for the past seven braries and library assooia.tions. A large num- • Directors Emeriti. 24686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 Vice Presidents fore Spiro Agnew became a household word President, fits media. reporters like a pink Paul D. Cravath, 1921-1933. by shouting at the thunder of television's glove. The self-proclaimed sophisticates of Norman H. Davis, 1933-36. surf, a number of media newsmen had al­ network news are, he said, seriously self-de­ Edwin F. Gay, 1933-1940. ready complained to TV Guide's Edith Efrom ·1uded about the intentions of the com­ Frank L. Polk, 1940-1943. about the Leftist bent on their comrades. As munists. Howard Smith explains: R. C. Leffingwell, 1943-1944. Fred Freed of N.B.C. News put it: "Some [newsmen and commentators] have Allen W. Dulles, 1944-1946. "This generation of newsmen is a product gone overboard in a wish to believe that our Isaiah Bowman, 1945-1949. of the New Deal. These beliefs that weTe opponent has exclusively peaceful aims, and Henry M. Wriston, 1950-1951. sacred to the New Deal are the beliefs that that there is no need for armaments and David Rockefeller, 1950. news has grown on. This is true of the net­ national security. The danger of Russian ag­ Frank Alt.schul, 1951. works, o! Newsweek, of the New York Times, gression is unreal to many of them, although Devereux: C. Josephs, 1951-1952. of all media. Men of like mind are in the some have begun to rethink since the inva­ Secretaries news. It's provincial. The blue- and white­ sion of Czechoslovakia. But there is a kind collar people who are in revolt now do have of basic bias in the left-wing soul that gives Edwin F. Gay, 1921-1933. ca.use for complaint against us. We've ignored Allen W. Dulles, 1933-1944. the Russians the benefit of the doubt." their point of view. It's bad to pretend they The Leftist biogotry of the networks is not Frank Altschul, 1944. don't exist. We did this because we tend to be Treasurers upper-middle-class liberals. . . ." unappreciated by the Communists. In his in­ credible book, Do It! published by the Estab­ Edwin F. Gay, 1921-1933. Bill Leonard of C.B.S. says tha.t television Whitney H. Shepardson, 1933-1942. newsmen a.re not only "Liberals," but they lishment firm of Simon and Schuster, self­ Clarence E. Hunter, 1942-1951. are bad reporters. Speaking of his TV news proclaimed Communist Jerry Rubin writes Devereux C. Josephs, 1951-1952. colleagues, Leonard notes: that "every revolution needs a color TV." He Elliott V. Bell, 1952-1964. "Most reporting is lousy. It's lousy because cites Walter Cronkite of C.B.S. News as "the Gabriel Hauge, 1964. people are lazy, because people don't think S.D.S.'s best organizer,'' and goes on to cheer about the way Cronkite "brings out the map Executive directors ahead, because they approach things in rote ways. We have these kinds of reporters here, of the U.S. with circles around the campuses Hamilton Fish Armstrong, 1922-1928. that blew up today." Rubin calls these the Malcolm W. Davis, 1925-1927. unfortunately. The worat problem of all is the reporter who doesn't ask the next ques­ "battle reports,'' He notes that "the first Walter H. Mallory, 1927-1959. 'student demonstration' flashed across the George S. Franklin, Jr., 1953. tion-the cheap, lousy reporter who'll quote a.n attack but doesn't go to the other side be­ TV tubes of the nation as a myth in 1964. cause the answer might kill his story.... " That year the first generation being raised TELEVISION AND THE MAss SLICKS The severest cri'ticism of television's Leftist from birth on TV was 9, 10, and 11 years old. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, in the CONGRES­ bias came from one of the least-expected 'First chance I get,' they thought, 'I wanna SIONAL RECORD, volume, 116, part 23, page sources, A.B.C. anchorman Howard K. Smith. do that too.' The first chance they got was 31405, I extended remarks on "The Free Mr. Smith, who describes himself as "left of when they got to junior high and high Press" to include an analytical report cover­ center" and a "semi-socialist," is well remem­ school five years later-1969 ! And that wa.s ing the newspaper industry by the cele­ bered as the commentator who brought So­ the year America's junior high and high brated journalist and lecturer, Mr. Gary Al­ viet spy Alger Hiss onto nationwide TV to schools exploded! . . . TV is raising genera­ len. discuss "The Political Death Of Richard tions of kids who want to grow up and be­ Mr. Allen has now followed that knowl­ Nixon." Just what motivated Smith to be­ come demonstrators." edgeable report with a like factual, docu­ come the Joe Va.Iachi of the television in­ Jerry Rubin calls television news "a com­ mented and interpretive analysis of televi­ dustry, we do not pretend to know. The in­ mercial for the revolution." And, he knows sion and the slick paper magazines. ference in his confession, published in TV what he is talking about. Many American people behold to that an­ Guide 1 for February 28, 1970, is that while Alan Dale is a well-known singer and tele­ cient maxim that the "policies of the king he is himself a "Liberal", he ls not llke some vision entertainer who has recently beco111e are those of his creditors." For certain, Mr. of his colleagues an anti-American. Inter­ a newspaper columnist and television critic Allen's research into the ownership and fi­ viewer Edith Efron writes of Smith: in New York. He noted in a recent colulllll nance of the organs of communication is so "He is generally in disagreement with po­ that the TV networks are a propaganda ma­ revealing that it constitutes must reading litical Conservatives on virtually everything. chine "engaged in psychological warfare for everyone concerned about why today's And, for that matter, he finds it psychologi­ against the American pe<>ple." Alan Dale says news is so one sided and distorted. cally easier to defend TV news departmeruts the networks "are waging the greatest ad­ I submit Mr. Allen's article "Teleslick" tha.n to criticize them. But on this issue of vertising campaign in h1story--sell1ng the which appears in the October 1970 edition ~f anti-American, pro-New-Left bias in the propaganda of the Left to our children." Mr. American Opinion, Belmont, Mass., to follow network news departments, his observations Dale lays it on the line: my remarks: are identical to those coming from the right. "You believe that communism cannot co­ TELESLICK-TELEVISION AND THE MAss SLICKS " 'Many of my colleagues,' Smith says, 'have exist with free nations. The philosophy and the depth of a saucer. They cling to the doctrine that is communism tells you that; (EDITOR'S NoTE.-Gary Allen, a graduate tag, "Liberal" that grew popular in the time of Stanford University and one of the na­ the communist conquests and enslavement of Franklin Roosevelt, even though they've of the peoples of 28 nations tell you that; tion's top authorities on civil turmoil and forgotten its content. They've really forgot­ the New Left, is author of Communist Revo­ the communist leaders tell you that. But the ten it. They don't know what "liberal" and voices of TV say there is nothing to fear from lution In The Streets-a highly praised and "conservative" mean any more! They've for­ definitive volume on revolutionary tactics communism. Your children buy it! gotten it because the liberal cause has tri­ "You believe that Revolution must be re­ and strategies, published by Western Islands. umphed. Once it was hard to be a liberal. Mr. Allen, a former instructor of both his­ sisted by loyalists, and that treason is pun­ Today it's "in." The ex-underdogs, the ex­ ishable by dea.th. But the voices of TV say tory and English, is active in anti-Commu­ outcasts, the ex-rebels are satisfied bourgeois nist and other humanitarian causes. Now a today, who pay $150 a plate at Americans for treason is an American tradition called "dis­ film writer, author, and jounalist, he is a Democratic Action dinners. They don't know sent" and America was founded on Revolu­ Contributing Editor to American Opinion. wha.t they stand for any more, and they're tion. The voices of TV comps.re Americans Gary Allen is also nationally celebrated as hunting for a new voice to give them new with the British of 1776. You thi:nk that's a lecturer.) bearings." insane, but your children buy it! Communication is power, proclaimed "The search for a 'new voice,' he says, has "You believe that only criminals 'shoot it Chairman ---. He was talking about tele­ catapulted. such men into the arms of the out' with the police. But the voices of TV say vision, upon which the great masses of Amer­ New Left. 'They want to cling to the label that certain groups are justifled to shoot it icans rely so heavily for their hard news. "liberal,'' and they cling to those who seem out with the police. These groups wear uni­ This, despite the fact that such news is both strong-namely, the New Left. The New Left forms and have their own 'minister of de­ distorted and limited. As Dean Burch, Chair­ shouts tirades, rather than offering reasoned fense' within our own nation. You believe man of the Federal Communications Com­ arguments. People bow down to them, so they only a sucker would fall for that trick twice in mission, declared on July 20, 1970: "The en­ have come to seem strong, to seem sure of 30 years. But the voices of TV say that the tire contents of a typical TV evening news themselves. As a. result, there's a. gravitation police should be investigated for participat­ show would take only three columns in a. ing in such a. shoot out. Your children buy it! newspaper." to them by the liberals who a.re not sure of themselves. This has given the New Left "You know drugs have been around since Even so, television in America has become grave power over the old Left.' It is this New you can remember, so you believe that it is almost as infiuentia.I as the schools and Left 'power' over many of the Na..tion's lib­ the climate of permissiveness and indoctri­ churches in creating public opinion. There eral reporters, he says, that underlles an a.nti­ nation that is now turning on a generation, are in the United States an estimated 57.5 American and pro-radical bias in network including your own children. But the voices million homes with television, and some­ coverage.... " of TV say that if you can drink, the kids can where between 40 and 50 million Americans The remarkable Mr. Smith went so far as turn on. Your children buy it! watch television network news each night. to confirm that the term "effete snobs," "You believe that in a nuclear age we need The ideological slant of television "news applied to television newsmen by the Vice defense against nuclear attack-that such and commentary" has recently produced defense has probably prevented World War much indignant comments. But months be- Footnotes a.t end of article. III. The voices of TV say America. should for- July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24687

get about missiles and defense. Your chil­ dore H. White, himself a member of the E.<;­ has been a major :financial donor to the dren buy it! tabllshment's Council on Foreign Relations, C.F.R. monolith through which the !.P.R. "You believe that socialism and a •one• comments:· was spawned. Mr. Paley is reputed to be very world order' mean the end of individuality "The increasing concentration of the cul­ generous to radical causes. Despite the fa.ct and freedom. You believe that a 'one-world tural pattern of the U.S. is in fewer hands. that his parents ca.me from Russia., Paley is order' under socialism is the consummate You can take a c_ompa.ss with a one-mile ra­ a member of The Pilgrim Society, some­ dream of the communists. Your dictionary dius and put it down .at the corner of Fifth times called the world's most secret orga­ tells you that is correct. But the voices of TV Avenue and 5lst Street in Manhattan and nization, which has as its goal the reuniting say socialism and a "one-world order" will be you have control of 95 % of the entire opin­ of England and America.. the salvation of mankind. Your children buy ion-and-influence-making in the U.S." Current Biography says of William S. Paley it!" All of which raises the question of who that "CBS policy continues to reflect his If there is a fault in Alan Dale's analysis, owns and controls the opinion makers-se­ own personality, principles and taste." From it is that he underrates the vulnerability of lecting the membership of that little fra­ his involvement with the C.F.R., the Pil­ adult viewers. Many of them also buy the ternity of "electronic journalists" which grims, the Ford Foundation, and the U.N. propaganda line. Most would not recognize controls what 40 million Americans will or Day Committee, one must assume that the a Communist plot if you showed them the will not know fitboµt the day'S news? It is a views of the corps of Leftist reporters at grave of Karl Marx. The media sell Marxists question worthy.of. invest1gatiQn. C.B.S. are indeed an extension of those of to the public as innocent and idealistic re­ its Chairman of the Board. And those radi­ · ... CONTROL OF CElS cal views reach into the homes of tens of formers, even as they depict Conservative At the apex of the networks stands the anti-Communists as diabolical conspirators. millions of Americans every night. Columbia Broad-Ga.Sting System. The gargan­ The president of C.B.S. is Dr. Frank Stan­ The Vietnam War, for example, would have tuan C.B.S. network .consists of wholly been forced to a successful conclusion five ton, whose Ph.D. in psychology is from Ohio owned television . .outlets in New York, Los State. He became president of the network years ago had the networks presented their Angeles, Chleago, Phllade-lphia, and St. audience of over 40 million Americans with at thirty-eight when William Paley moved Louis plus over two hundtecl affiliate sta­ upstairs. Under the Paley-Stanton team, the truth about the situation. Instead, they tions scattered throughout the continental have propagandized for the Vietniks, Marx­ C.B.S. has become the largest advertising United States. The network also owns radio and communication medium in the world. ists, and Communists.2 One remembers that outlets in a number of key cities and has Stanton is, like Paley, a. "limousine Left­ during World War II the media devoted 255 affiliated radl.o stations. ist." He is a long-time member of the C.F.R. themselves to creating heroes out of every Chairman of .the Board and key man at and has been chairman of the Rand Corpo­ military figure from G.I. Joe to our generals C.B.S. is Willjam s. Paley. Mr. Paley is the ration, a highly secretive think-tank whose and admirals. But they would have us believe son of Samual and .Gold Palinsky, who im­ Orwellian radicalism has periodically pro­ there are no heroes in Vietnam. Every mis­ migrated to Ameri~a from Russia. before the duced international scandals. He also serves take, every possible situation in which our turn of the century. Sam Paley became a as a. trustee of the Carnegie Institution and military or our allies can be made to look wealthy cigar manufacturer. As he did not is a. trustee and on the executive committee low, incompetent, or corrupt is magnified a want his son in the cigar business he ar­ of the Rockefeller Foundation, as well as a hundredfold. Howard K. Smith cites one ex­ range.cl purchase of fifty percent of C.B.S. director of the William S. Paley Foundation ample of the thousands available: frorri· Paramount for $5 mill1on. The year (where Paley hides some of the enormous "The networks have never given a com­ was 1928, a.nd William Paley was twenty-one profits he makes from preaching socialism). plete picture of the war. For example: that yea.rs old. Tbe system had only twenty radio Dr. Stanton is also a. director of Pan Ameri­ terrible siege of Khe Sanh went on for five stations when young Paley took control. He can Airways, headed by the notorious Left­ weeks before newsmen revealed that the was interested in social causes and saw great ist, Najeeb Halaby; is a trustee and former South Vietnamese were fighting at our sides, potential in radio for furthering them. chairman of the radical Center for Advanced and that they had higher casualties. And Another group interested in "social ca.uses," Study in the Behavioral Sciences; and, has the Vietcong's casualties were 100 times ours. the international banking :firm of Lehman served as chairman of the United States Ad­ But we never told that. We just showed Brothers, a satellite of the worldwide Roth­ visory Committee on Information. pictures day after day of Americans getting schild investment network, &Iso became a. According to Zygmund Dobbs, perhaps the the hell kicked out of them. That was major investor in C.B.S. Paley and his world's foremost expert on the Fabian So­ enough to break America a.part: That's also brother-in-law, Dr. Leon Levy, are however, cialist movement, "Frank Stanton has been what it did." · the largest C.B.S. stockholders. a. Fabian socialist all of his adult life." He And what applies to Vietnam applies to During World War II, William Paley was has, for example, been active with the Tami­ every other serious problem faced by our na­ able to develop his propaganda. theories as ment Institute (formerly the Rand School tion. It is no wonder that Vice President Deputy Chief of the Psychological Warfare of Social Sciences) in New York City. The Agnew's attack on the media. was received Division on the Headquarters Staff of Gen­ Rand School has for decades been notorious with enthusiasm by so many Americans. He eral Dwight D. Eisenhower. After V-E Day he as a training ground for Marxist revolution­ dared to tell the truth-that the country is was Deputy Ch.ref of Information Control in aries of every stripe. being psychologically sabotaged from within. Germany. So far is he to the Left that he Columnist Sarah McClendon has noted What seems to have caused the most frenzy received the order of Polonia Restituta from that Frank Stanton is a. close friend of Lyn­ among the media., however, is the fact that Communist Poland. don Johnson. In 1964, while Sena.tor Barry the Vice President indicated the slanting of Paley is an important member of what is Goldwater was seeking the Presidency, Stan­ the news is conspiratorial in nature. He called the American Establishment. A de­ ton addressed the National Broadcast Edi­ spoke of a "tiny, enclosed fraternity of priv­ vout internationalist, he is on the Advisory torial Conference, declaring that TV net­ ileged men in New York and Washington, Council of the U.S. Committee for U.N. Day. works ought to take sides in political con­ whose power is absolute. As Mr. Agnew ob­ He serves on the racial Ford Foundation's troversies. He demanded they commence a served: Fund for Resources for the Future. Mr. Paley continuing editorial crusade to implement "They decide what 40 to 50 million Amer­ is also listed in the Hearings of the Senate the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and suggested icans will learn of the day's events in the Internal Security Subcommittee on the In­ that C.B.S. might formally endorse particu­ nation and the world. stitute of Pacific Relations as "one of those lar Congressional and Gubernatorial can­ "We cannot measure this power and in­ to be invited to appropriate small dinners" didates. fluence by traditional democratic standards held by the I.P.R.'s Edward C. Carter to The power and influence of C.B.S. ranges for these men can create national issues arrange a. pro-Maoist policy for America.. The far beyond its television and radio networks. overnight. They can make or break-by their I.P.R. was a subsidiary of the Council on From its original base in broadcasting, it has coverage and commentary-a moratorium Foretgn Relations, of which Paley is a mem­ expanded into theatrical rriotion pictures and on the war. They can elevate men from local ber, and was primarily responsible for deliv­ film syndication, direct marketing services, obscurity to national prominence within a ering China to the Communists. The Senate the manufacture of guitars and drums, pub­ week. They can reward some politicians with Internal Security Subcommittee has noted lishing; educational services, materials, and national exposure and ignore others. For of it: systems; research and development for in­ millions of Americans, the network reporter "The Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR) dustry, the military, and space technology; who covers a continuing issue like A.B.M. has been considered by the American Com­ and. it even owns the New York Yankees. or civil rights, becomes in effect the presid­ munist Party and by Soviet officials as an The Columbia Broadcasting System is, in ing judge in a national trial by jury." instrument of Communist policy, propa­ fa.ct, the world's leading producer of pho­ The Vice President then wondered aloud ganda, and military intelligence. nograph records through its Columbia. and "whether a form of censorship already exists "The IPR disseminated and sought to Epic labels. Employing extensive full-page when the news that 40 million Americans popularize false information originating advertisements in "underground" newspapers receive each night . .. is filtered through a from Soviet and Communist sources. a.round the country, the C.B.S. recording handful of commentators who admit to their "Members of the small core of officials and :firms keep many of these revolutionary sheets own set of biases." It was a rhetorical ques­ staff members who controlled IPR were afloat. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, a. wholly­ tion so obvious that many wondered why either Communists or pro-Communist. owned C.B.S. susidia.ry, is one of the na­ they had never heard it asked before. Theo- "The IPR was a vehicle used by the Com­ tion's largest producers of textbooks and a munists to orientate American far eastern major publisher of contemporary "litera­ policies toward Communist objectives." ture.'' C.B.S. is also the world's largest ex­ Footnotes ait end of article. Not surprisingly, the C.B.S. Foundation porter of films produced especially for tele- 24688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971

vision. It has broadcast or record producing directors of R.C.A. since 1947, retired. Andre, nedy, Establishment Group II came into the facilities in Sweden, Australia, Switzerland, who was married to Bella Lehman, was re­ ascendency and Sarnoff dropped his scheme. Holland, Germany, Israel, Belgium, Costa placed by Donald A. Petrie of Lazard Freres. Cousin Lyons writes: Rica, Mexico, Brazil, Canada, England, Aus­ One goes off, another comes on. The "Big "Around 1961 David Sarnoff ceased to talk tria, France, Italy, Japan, Argentina, and Boys" are not about to relinquish control publicly about Communism. Tacitly he ac­ Columbia. Paley's firm owns thirteen sub­ of so powerful a conglomerate as R.C.A. At knowledged that the 'hard' line of the cold sidiary corporations within the United States the same time, Stephen M. DuBrul of Leh­ war, of which he haid been so determined an and sixty-six corporations abroad. man Brothers joined the board of directors. exponent, no longer had much chance-that While C.B.S. was originally backed by the Lewis L. Strauss, a partner at Kuhn, Loeb & his crusade haid failed ..." international banking firm of Lehman Company, has been a board member for For a man without "intense political feel­ Brothers, it now seems to have a lot of Harri­ many years. He was also a trustee of the ing," David Sarnoff has strayed into some man money behind it. W. Averell Harriman subversive Institute of Pacific Relations. The very intense political associations. For many (C.F.R.) received numerous concessions from Chairman and chief executive officer at years he has been a member of the Establish­ the Soviets during the Twenties to develop N.B.C. is Walter Scott, a partner in Lehman ment Insiders' Council on Foreign Rela­ the mineral resources of Communist Russia.a Brothers. tions--about as intensely political a group as His father had worked closely with Jacob As radio mushroomed, the ambitious Sar­ you could hope to assemble. (R.C.A. has been Schiffof Kuhn, Loeb & Company, one of the noff and his backers began looking at re­ a major financial contributor to the C.F.R.) chief financiers of the Russian Revolution of lated fields to conquer. Arthur Howden Also, at the urging of President Kennedy, 1917. Among the directors of C.B.S. is Robert Smith tells us how N.B.C. got into the Sarnoff in 1961 became vice chairman of the Lovett of the Harriman Bank, and several movie business: Citizens Committee for International De­ others are closely allied with the Rocke­ velopment. "Its objective,'• writes Lyons, fellers.4 "Radio's laboratories had developed a de­ vice they called Photophone, and in seek­ "was to help generate public support for the CONTROL OF NBC ing an opening for it Sarnoff came upon the Foreign Aid Program. An equivalent organi· The Avis of network television is the Na­ twin companies of Keith-Albee-Orpheum, zation, in which Sarnoff served as a member tional Broadcasting Company, a subsidiary operator of a chain of two hundred theaters, of the board of directors, was constituted by of the Radio Corporation of America. (An­ and Film Booking Office Production, mak­ President Johnson in February, 1965.'' other subsidiary, coincidentally, Hertz Auto ers of motion-pictures. Both were in diffi­ The public is supposed to believe that the Rentals.) In the N.B.C. constellation are 207 culties because they hadn't got in on the lobbying for foreign aid is a product of the television stations and 219 radio outlets. new sound equipment, and Sarnoff succeeded efforts of average citizens who see the need Until his recent retirement the head man in obtaining a substantial interest for R.C.A. to help America's neighbors. Far from it! at Radio Corporation (and therefore pt without spending a dollar or a share of stock. The Insiders of international banking prof­ N.B.C.) has been Brigadier General DaVid The theater chain became Radio-Keith-Or­ ited enormously from America's foreign aid Sa.rnoff.5 Mr. Sarnoff is generally credited pheum (R.K.O.) , the producing company program-which has cost us over $182 billion with f01mding R.C.A. As Arthur Howden R.K.O. P.roductions, later simplified to Radio since 1946. Both J.F.K. and L.B.J. knew that Smith notes in Men Who Run America, it Pictures." Sarnoff has been a lifelong front man for the wa:: not 1.hat simple: international banking fraternity, and accord­ R.C.A. subsequently sold R.K.O. to the ingly selected him for the International De­ "R.C.A ., it should be stated, however was Atlas Corporation and Lehman Brothers. not Sarnoff's brainchild. It came about be­ velopment posts. cause the Navy Department wanted Ameri­ Much of what we can learn about Sarnoff In September 1965, Sarnoff addressed three can wireless American-owned-American comes from his biography by Eugene Lyons, thousand delegates from more than one Mnrconi was an affiliate of British Marconi. the former editor of Soviet Russia Pictorial hundred nations at a privately sponsored Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of and a director of the Soviets' TASS news World Conference on Peace Through Law, a the Navy, took up the matter with Owen D. agency who had a fight with Stalin and was Front promoting socialist World Govern­ Young, of General Electric, and in October, until recently a senior editor at Reader's ment. Earl Warren was its honorary chair­ 1919, General Electric bought over complete Digest. One suspects, however, that there may man, former Presidents Truman and Eisen­ control of American Marconi and reorga­ be considerable eyewash involved as Lyons hower were co-chairmen, and Lyndon John­ nized it as Radio Corporation of America. is Sarnoff's cousin (a matter the biography son was a featured speaker. Sarnoff advo­ A.T. & T. bought into it in July, 1920, swap­ neglects to mention). Eugene Lyons was born cated that world "control" (a monopoly for ping radio patents for devices helpful in in Uzlian, Minsk, Russia to one Minne Privin. the Insiders) be arranged over international telephony.... Then, in November, Westing­ Sarnoff was born in Uzlin, Minsk, Russia, the television. The "General" even served on the house electrified the country by broadcast­ son of Lena Privin. Mr. Lyons writes of his Rockefeller Committee on Department of ing from an experimental station in Pitts­ cousin's political and ideological proclivities Defense Organization, created by President burgh the Hardin-Cox election returns. The that "Sarnoff is not a man of intense po­ Eisenhower to reduce control by the military United States became radio-minded in a re­ litical feeling or overmastering convictions over the nation's defense policies. Little won­ turn for a sizable block of Radio stock. outside his business-scientific preserves." der that Sarnoff received a medal from the "Obviously, R.C.A. was no more than a Yet, we are asked to believe that David Communist-dominated United Nations "for selling agency to work up a market for the Sarnoff was at one time a fierce opponent of his contribution to the field of human instruments the two manufacturing com­ Communism. In 1955, he prepared a detailed rights." panies were commencing to turn out. It con­ memorandum boldly entitled Program For a David Sarnoff is also a member of the su­ trolled practically every patent of value Political Offensive Against World Commu­ per-secret Pilgrim Society, whose official logo required to build such instruments.... nism. "On May 9, 1955," writes Lyons, "James is entwined American and British flags. This "General J. C. Harbord had been elected Hagerty, the press secretary, released it to group, which is dedicated to merging Brit­ president on the company's organization. White House correspondents, with the im­ ain a.nd America, has a number of interna­ He was the front for the corporation. But plication at least of presidential blessings." tionalist members like Paley, Sarnoff, and David Sarnoff, practical radio man, general You may judge how far to the Right this John Schiff whose ancestors were not Brit­ manager, was the 'works.' It was he who plan was by the fact that it was read into ish.o Cousin Eugene forgot to mention Cousin made the wheels go round-and in 1920 he the Congressional Record with laudatory re­ David's C.F.R. and Pilgrim activitioo. was twenty-nine years old. He ... shoved marks by Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson. Over a period of a decade, David Sarnoff's broadcasting as hard as he could. National Mr. Johnson later traveled to New York to vice president at N.B.C. and chairman of Broadcasting Company was the result. In address a dinner at the Waldorf Astoria in N.B.C. International was Alfred R. Stern. 1926, he persuaded Radio to buy station Sarnoff's honor. There L.B.J. praised the Sar­ Mr. Stern's mother is Marion Rosenwald WEAF from A.T. & T. for one million dollars, noff memorandum and called for "the great­ Stern, daughter of Julius Rosenwald of the and broadcasting as we know it today had est political offensive in history ... to win Sears Roebuck fortune. In 1851, his great­ its birth." the cold war." The scheme was as phony as· grandfather emmigrated to America from Navy Intelligence was more than slightly a rubber cane. Germany. He is reported to have been a vet­ naive if it thought that in getting American Although the Sarnoff thesis advocated an eran of the Red Revolution of 1848. The Na­ Marconi away from the Rothschild-owned end to cream-puff appeasement of the Rus­ tional Encyclopedia Of American Biography British Marconi it was freeing American sians, it presented the "Liberal" line that says (Volume 26, Page 111) that Alfred's broadcasting from control by the Rothschild the only threat is external and that Com­ grandfather, Julius Rosenwald, gave $6 mil­ clique and the international financiers. munism can best be thwarted by a massive lion to Stalin for "recolonization" within the Since its inception, "His Master's Voice" at redistribution of wealth in the non-Com­ Soviet Union. Included in the Rosenwald R.C.A.-N.B.C. came from the Rothschild's munist world and the creation of a socialist group sending millions to finance "farm de­ new world afiiliates--Kuhn, Loeb & Com­ World Government to oppose the Soviet bloc. velopment" in the workers' paradise were in­ pany, Lehman Brothers, and Lazard Freres. As usual, Americans were presented with ternational :financiers Felix Warburg, Louis Sarnoff, like his counterpart William Paley false alternatives: One side (Atlantic Union­ Marshall, Herbert Lehman, and John D. at C.B.S., was a bright young man backed ists and related groups) was proposing a so­ Rockefeller. It has been estimated that Ros­ by the banking Insiders. cialist World Government to stop the spread enwald's total gifts to Josef Stalin exceeded In 1969, Andre Meyer of Lazard Freres, of Communism, while the other (United $18 million. who had been a member of the board of World Federalists and similar organizations) On August l, 1951, Congressman Eugene advocated World Government with the Com­ Cox placed in the Congressional Record a re­ Footnotes ait end of article. munists, Upon the election of John F. Ken- port detailing the millions Alfred R. Stern's July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24689 grandfather spent financing U.S. Commu­ New Orleans, but has otherwise chosen to string of newspapers and television stations, nists. Like many of the financiers of the rev­ finance others in the purchase of newspapers and Harper & Row publishers. Running olution in America today, Stern's grand­ and radio and television stations. Harper & Row for the Cowles family is Cass father set up a tax-free foundation to fi­ Edith Stern's son, Edgar B. Stern Jr., is Canfield of the C.F.R., World Federalists, nance his pet Communist causes. Among a member of the board of directors of Sears and The Pilgrims. John Cowles is married to those he backed with large sums of cash Roebuck and Company-which may explain Canfield's daughter. Both Cowles brothers were W. E. B. DuBois, a Communist and a why many newspapers, anxious for advertis­ are members of the Insiders' Council on founder of the N.A.A.C.P., Red poet Langston ing revenue, are reluctant to make editorial Foreign Relations. Hughes, Communist James Dombrowski of connections between the World Communist John Cowles runs the Minneapolis Tribune the Southern Conference Educational Fund, Movement and the American Establishment. and Des Moines Register. He is a trustee of and the late editor of the Atlanta Constitu­ Edith's sister Marion, formerly wed to Red the Establishment's subversive Carnegie tion, Ralph McGill. spy Alfred K. Stern and the mother of televi­ Endowment for International Peace and of In 1957, while Alfred R . Stern was chair­ sion's Alfred R. Stern, is currently married the Ford Foundation, and he is a member of man of N.B.C. International, his father­ to Max Ascoli (C.F.R.) Mr. Ascoli was the National Policy Board of American As­ Alfred K. Stern-fled behind the Iron Cur­ brought to this country from Italy in 1931 sembly-a Front created by Averell Harri­ tain with his second wife, Martha Dodd. A when the Rockefeller Foundation interceded man, the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations, federal grand jury had returned a three­ in his behalf after he had been arrested for and the C.F.R. to run propaganda seminars count indictment against them for spying Red activities. Max Ascoli dumped his Ital­ for leaders in American business, labor, for Soviet Russia, which could have brought ian wife to marry the wealthy Mrs. Rosen­ communications, and the academy. He is on the death penalty had they been brought to wald Stern, who financed his establishment the Advisory Council of the U.S . Committee trial. Both were charged with being mem­ of the radical Reporter magazine. for the U.N. and the ultra-Leftist National bers of a Soviet spy ring that included Boris Alfred R . Stern, who was for many years Committee for an Effective Congress, which Morros, a U.S. double agent, and Vassili Zub­ chairman of N.B.C. International and vice operates a "be kind to the Communists" lin, former second secretary of the Soviet president of N.B.C. Enterprises Division, has lobby in Washington. Embassy in Washington. The senior Stern himself kept out of overtly Communist ac­ According to the American Legion's Firing and his second wife had been subpoenaed tivities, but being raised in a home where his Line of August _15, 1954, John Cowles joined on March 14, 1957, to appear before the same father was a Russian spy, his mother a com­ twenty-three others signing telegrams to grand jury which indicted the Sobels and mitted Leftist, his grandfather and many of U.S. Senators "asking support of measures other Soviet spies. Martha Dodd Stern is the his relatives leading pro-Communists and which would stifle all Congressional Investi­ daughter of a former U.S. Ambassador to financial supporters of Josef Stalin, is not gations of Communism." Little wonder, Germany and brags of once trying to seduce the sort of environment which produces Brother John is very serious about merging Adolph Hitler. screaming eagles. Mr. Stern is currently America into a World Government with the After :fleeing justice, the father of the Chairman of the Board of Television Com­ Communists. The following is from a U.P.I. N.B.C. International chairman set about munications Corporation, 45 Rockefeller dispatch of June 7, 1959: training black revolutionaries and sabo­ Plaza, New York City. "John Cowles, publisher of 'The Minne­ teurs in Communist Cuba. Alfred K. Stern's Succeeding David Sarnoff at R.C.A. is his apolis Star and Tribune' said today that latest activities were indicated over a Viet­ son Robert, a director of the Advertising the traditional American concept of national cong radio station in Hanoi during August Council, another avatar of the Council on sovereignty is obsolete. Mr. Cowles, speaking 1966. He announced a gift of $5,000 to Com­ Foreign Relations. After graduating from at the 109th annual commencement of the munist troops. Harvard and studying law at Columbia, Rob­ University of Rochester, said Americans have The nephew of Soviet spy Alfred K. Stern ert Sarnoff served as an assistant to Gardner believed so deeply in the principle of na­ (and cousin of television executive Alfred Cowles (C.F.R.), publisher of Look magazine. tional sovereignty that they have instinc­ R. Stern) is Washington Leftist Philip Stern, He also spent several years on the Look staff tively opposed anything which it could be who helped staff the Kennedy State Depart­ before joining R.C.A. He is a director of claimed might impair national sovereignty. ment and was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Random House Publishers, which is owned "'I suggest for your open-minded con­ by R.C.A. (Random House's Bennett Cerf is sideration the proposition that national State for Public Affairs at the time of the Bay a director of R.C.A.) and he is a director of of Pigs debacle was planned. Cousin Stern sovereignty in its traditional meaning no Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company. longer exists. It has become obsolete,' he sat in on the planning. His top aide was In 1950, Robert Sarnoff married Felicia Leftist Carl T. Rowan, for whom he later said." Schiff Warburg, daughter of Kuhn, Loeb & Gardner Cowles, chairman of the board of arranged an appointment as Director of the Company's Paul Felix Warburg. She is the U.S. Information Agency. Phllip Stern also Look, works hard to keep up with the Leftist great granddaughter of Trotsky's financial activities of his brother. Besides being a played an important role in the persecution angel, Jacob Schiff. The Sarnoff-Warburg of Senator Joseph McCarthy while an as­ member of the C.F.R., he is also a member merger wound up in the Mexican courts early of the Atlantic Union Committee which sistant to Senator Henry Jackson during the this year and Felicia married F.D.R. Jr. in Army-McCarthy Hearings. advocates scrapping the Declaration of In­ July. dependence and the Constitution and form­ Like other members of the family, Cousin THE LITTLE ONE Phllip promotes Leftist causes in the media ing a. political union with England and the through a tax-free foundation. In a glorify­ The American Broadcasting Company is countries of Western Europe as a first step ing article titled "The Happy Philanthro­ the Tag-Along Tooloo of the Big Three net­ toward a World Government. He is a mem­ works. It has 153 primary television affiliates pist--Phil1p Stern" the Washington Star de­ ber of The Pilgrims. Cowles was also head tails in its issue of February 1, 1970, some of and owns a cha.in of 399 motion picture of fund-raising for the American Assembly's the pro-Communist activities to which Phllip theaters, the largest such chain in the coun­ Freedom House, set up in honor of Wendell try. A.B.C. is also very big in the record Wilkie by AD.A. founder Russell Davenport Stern devotes himself. The Star notes: business under the Dunhill, Impulse, A,B.C., "The Stern grant that made the biggest of Fortune and notorious CommuniSt-fronter Command and Westminster labels. Like Rex Stout. splash of 1969 was money· given Seymour N.B.C. and C.B.S., it is a heavy supporter of Her.sh to research reports of a massacre of Gardner Cowles became a member of the "underground" revolutionary papers through Institute of Pacific Relations (officially cited Vietnamese civil1ans by soldiers at My Lai. its ads promoting acid-rock music. Hersh's research, aided by a special [Stern) as "an instrument of Communist policy") A.B.C. specializes in escapist entertainment at the recommendation of Alger Hiss fund to promote investigative reporting, led and generally leaves the documentary propa­ to stories that shocked the nation and the (C.F.R.). During World War II, Gardner was ganda to the Big Two. Its news audience deputy director of the O.W.I., where he world." 1 amounts to only 7 million, while the other Besides bankrolling the radical Fund for played a. role in placing the foreign language networks divide up the remaining 35 million press within the U.S. under the domination Investigative Journalism, Philip Stern has or so news watchers. It does not have the also been a major benefactor of the Far Left's of the Communist-controlled Victory Coun­ ties to the C.F.R. and international banking cil. Institute for Policy Studies and is also author establishment that C.B.S. and N.B.C. do, but of The Case of J. Robert Oppenheimer, which seems content to try to imitate their Running Look magazine for the Cowles -glori:fles the late Communist and "security boys iS William Attwood (C.F.R.), who once radicalism. wrote that we could "thank our lucky stars risk." SLICK MAGAZINES Philip's mother (the aunt of TV's Alfred that Castro is not a Communist." R. Stern) is Edith Rosenwald Stern, who Although the advent of television has What Americans can thank their lucky sits on 690,000 shares of Sears Roebuck and somewhat diminished the influence of the stars about is that Look, which has published Company-which not only keeps the wolf slick magazines upon mass opinion, their more smears against anti-Communists than away from the mansion door, but allows her importance is still significant. The nation's any other publication outside the official to indulge the Communists. When New second leading magazine in circulation is Communist Press, is reportedly going broke. Orleans police raided the headquarters of the Look, with 7,750,000 copies distributed per The magazine has now become so thin that Communist Southern Conference Educa­ issue. Look is owned by Cowles Communica­ one might almost shave with it. Corporate tional Fund, for instance, they discovered a tions, headed by Gardner and John Cowles. advertisers have cut back on their budgets cancelled check for $5,000-a token of Mrs. The Cowles publishing empire encom­ and the slick magazines have been hit very Stern's esteem. t Mrs. Stern also uses the passes Harper's, a list of trade journals, a hard. Also, the ad men are pouring a higher media to promote her radical interests-she percentage of their budgets into television. openly owns WDSU television and radio in Footnotes ait end of article. The Cowles have already been forced to sell CXVII--1553-Par:t 19

48-059 0 - 72 - pt.19 - 17 24690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 a valua.ble newspaper in Puerto Rico to pump Luce's involvement with the Communist the Philadelphia Inquirer, also inherited the $10 mill1on proceeds into keeping Look !.P.R. helps explain why his magazines went ownership of The Daily Racing Form from his afloat. Those close to the scene say Look to every length to smear Senator Joseph Mc­ father Moe, a quasi-hood who spent many could go under. Carthy. Life and Time have always attacked years in prison as a result of conviction on And things aren't any better over a.t and ridiculed anyone who pointed out that tax evasion. Walter Annenberg is a recent Life, despite a whopping circulation of 8.5 the success of Communism around the addition to the board of directors of the mill1on. Life is now down to 68 pages, less world have been a result of the policies of Times-Mirror Company (Los Angeles Times, than half its former self. Time, the leading our own government. The fa.ct that Luce was Newsday, etc.) along with Keith Funston newsweekly,s with a circula.tion of 4.2 m111ion himself deeply involved with the men mak­ (C.F.R.), former president of the New York (as compared to Newsweek's 2.5 milllon and ing those disastrous policies was undoubt­ Stock Exchange and a member of the con­ U.S. News & World Report's 1.8) is healthy. edly a motivation factor. spiratorial Pilgrim Society. as are Time, Inc.'s Sports Illustrated and Henry Luce was at one time actually con­ 2 Readers may wish to write C.B.S. News Fortune. sidered an anti-Communist. Yet he always suggesting production of a documentary on The Time corporation recently bought its bitterly opposed anyone like Robert Taft, Aid and Trade With the Communist Enemy, first newspaper, the Newark Evening News, General Douglas MacArthur, or Barry Gold­ discussing how America finances and equips for $34 million-then turned around and water, whom he thought might actually do the Vietcong and North Vietnamese through bought thirty-two more in the Chicago sub­ something about Communist subversion in loans, gifts, and transfusions of technology urbs. It also owns Little, Brown & Company, the United States. Luce's bogus anti-Com­ to Russia and her satellites-the very arsenal an Establishment book publisher; 300,000 muntsm was used to promote his World Gov­ of an enemy killing our sons in the field. shares of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; 600,000 ernment crusades. Besides his !.P.R. mem­ Perhaps N.B.C. would be interested in put­ acres of timberland; and, is part owner of bership, he was a member of the C.F.R. and ting together one of its famous White Pa­ media in South America, West Germany, the Atlantic Union. Henry Luce was also a pers on the Treason Road we are building to Hong Kong, and Australia. In addition to strong supporter of the United Nations, even link Russia with Southeast Asia, or the Rock­ all this. Time Inc. owns some thirty tele­ after Alger Hiss's role in its establishment efeller-Eaton combine to build factories be­ vision stations in America, giving this mam­ was revealed. hind the Iron Curtain. moth conglomerate a voice in every form of In the late Fifties, Henry Luce switched 3 See Anthony Sutton's Western Technology mass media-newspapers, magazines, movies, from the "World Government to oppose And Soviet Economic Development 1917 to television, book publishing, and even teach­ Communism" line to the "peaceful coexist­ 1930 Hoover Institute, Stanford, 1968. ing machines. ence and World Government with Commu­ 'In the issue of Realty-The Real Estate The builder of this empire was the late nism" line and Life went back to glorifying Newspaper of New York for September 18, Henry Luce, whose impact on American the Soviet Union as it had done during 1951, columnist Elias Cohen tells of his per­ thinking has been incalcula.ble. As Theodore World War II. In 1966, Luce and Time's pub­ sonal experiences in dealing with Schiff and Whlite (C.F.R.) has noted. "He . . . revolu­ lisher James Linen (a sponsor of the occult Kuhn, Loeb & Company when they were in tionized the thinking of American readers." Temple of Understanding and a member of the process of maneuvering to establish the Luce started his rise to publishing glory the C.F.R., Atlantic Union, and The Pilgrim Federal Reserve System. Cohen drops this with loans from Establishmentaria.n.s Thom­ Society) took a group of forty-three U.S. information about the relationship between as Lamont and Dwight Morrow (like Lamont businessmen behind the Iron Curtain to pro­ Schiff and John D. Rockefeller. a J. P. Morgan partner) , Harvey Firestone, mote a.id and trade with the enemy. "At that time, Mr. Schiff, the seruor mem­ E. Roland Harrima.n, and various members of Editor-in-chief of all Time Inc. publica­ ber of Kuhn, Loeb & Company, still held, the Harkness fa.mHy (Standard 011 fortune). tions, is Hedley Donovan, a Rhodes Scholar, together with one (James) Stillman, the Their influence became especially apparent former reporter for the Leftist Washington power of attorney over the fortune of Mr. when he started his business magazine, Post, and a member of the C.F.R. and The John D. Rockefeller, Sr.; he ha.d been pro­ Fortune, in the middle of the depression. As Pilgrim Society. Other Establlshmentarians nounced so ill that he could not, at that John Kobler writes in The First Tycoon: in the Time Inc. hierarchy are vice ·chair­ time, attend to any business at all and it had "It is a bemusing paradox tha.t Fortune, man Roy Larsen (C.F.R.) and directors John been necessary to turn over the direction of the magazine of business, questioned the ef­ Gardner (C.F.R.) and Sol Linowitz (C.F.R.). his affairs to these two men." Rockefeller ficiency of the free-enterprise system and The late C. D. "Jackson" (C.F.R.) divided had worked c1osely with the financiers of the even took on a faint socialist tinge. Some of his time between the Luce interests and his Communist takeover of Russia since his early its editors and contributors stood fa.r to the role in President Eisenhower's "palace days in the oil business when Kuhn, Loeb left. Luce ree.lized this-but he also realized guard," where he was leader in the "get & Company granted him a secret rebate on that he needed iconoclasts to shake up the McCarthy" movement. the oU shipped over their Pennsylvania Rail­ business world a.nd make it notice Fortune. The man who is now reported to be lead­ road. "Under the managing editorship of Rus­ ing the march of Time is a Canadian named 5 Sarnoff is not a military man; F.D.R. sell Davenport, a progressive [sic) Republi­ Edgar Bronfman, head of the worldwide Sea­ made him an instant general during World can, Fortune appeared to favor a mixed econ­ gram's whiskey empire, who controls Time War II. omy. It was Davenport who saw presidential Inc. through ownership of M-G-M. Bronf­ 6 According to the group's 1969 member­ qualities in Wendell W111kie, and in·terested man inherited great wealth from his father ship list, other members in the United States Luce in backing him again.st Roosevelt.... " Samuel Bronfman, who made his fortune as of The Pilgrims, 74 Trinity Place, New York Apparently that is what Luce's financial Al Capone's supplier during prohibition. Ed­ 10006, are: Frank Altschul, John Astor, Hugh angels wanted. And, although he le.ter seemed gar Bronfman, one of those who accom­ D. Auchincloss. George W. Ball, Rudolph to oppose F.D.R., Henry Luce cheered his panied Luce behind the Iron Curtain in Bing, Douglas M. Black, Roger M. Blough, accomplishments: "I didn't vote for F.D.R. 1966, is married to Ann Loeb of the Kuhn. Brigadier ·General George A. Brownell, David but it was all right with me tha.t he won. Loeb international banking families. She is K. E. Bruce, Ellsworth Bunker, Admiral Ar­ He accomplished a lot of necessary social the daughter of Frances Lehman and her leigh Burke, Arthur F. Burns, Gardner reform." father is J. L. Loeb Sr. (C.F.R.), a senior Cowles, Thomas E. Dewey, Thomas E. Dewey Jeanne Harmon, a former Life staff Writer, partner in Loeb, Rhodes and Company, a Jr., Clarence D1llon, C. Douglas Dillon, Hed­ tells in Such Is Life how tolerant Luce was of firm with historic ties to the Rothschilds. ley Donovan, captain Douglas Fairbanks Jr., the Communist cell openly working at Time­ Bronfman, a contributor to Hubert Hum­ G. Keith Funston, Leonard W. Hall, Lyndon Life. Mrs. Harmon relates how headlines were phrey in 1968, is part of John Kenneth Gal­ B. Johnson, James A. Linen, William Mc­ suddenly altered to convey meanings never braith's "Referendum '70," the goal of which Chesney Martin, The Reverend Norman Vin­ intended, and how she and her fellow re­ is to support Vietnik candidates who are to cent Peale, Elmo Roper, Deain Rusk, and porters were subjected to pressures to ignore the Left of the general Democrat Party. As Henry M. Wriston. some stories and push others. She also re­ Galbraith puts it: "The Democratic Party 1 Hersh wrote speeches for Eugene Mc­ veals that Whittaker Chambers was not wel­ must henceforth use the word socialism. It Carthy in his primary battles, then berated comed back to Time-Life after he had testi­ describes what we need.'' the Senator as just a "Liberal" with -no feel­ fied against Alger Hiss (C.F.R.) Mrs. Har­ It is clear that the mass media in America., ing for the "revolution." Mr. Hersh was also mon's description of life with Luce was con­ whether it be the newspapers we discussed connected with the notoriously pro-Com­ sidered important enough to be reproduced in the September issue of American Opinion, munist Pacifica Foundation. In October, 1969, by the Sen.ate Internal Security Subcommit­ network television, or the slick magazines, he wia.s a speaker for the Vietcong Morato­ tee. are disproportionately in the hands of the rium in support of the Vietcong. t Edith Ro­ Luce, like W111ia.m Paley and Gardner radicals of the Establishment. It is also clear senwald Stern's late husband Edgar was a di­ Cowles, was a member o! the I.P.R. (the om­ that same Establishment is committed to the rector of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta cially cited "instrument o! Communist formation of a One World Government which and treasurer of Lehman Stern & Compa.ny. policy") , and he and his corporation pro­ it intends to rule-thereby gaining control The Sterns and Lehmans are related. The vided it with large financial contributions. of all the wealth of the world. The Establish­ Lehman ancestors helped mart the family The !.P.R. Hearings revealed that Henry ment uses its mass media to promote that fortune-which now allows them to fine.nee Luce had done everything possible to bury end. "Civil Rights" ca.uses--by dealing in slaves evidence that Communists were working FOOTNOTES in Montgomery, Alabama. within the I.P.R. to in.sure the sellout of 1 The enormously profitable TV Guide is s While Time domi·na.tes the newsmagazine Chiang to the Chinese Reds--even as he pre­ owned by Walter Annenberg. Richard Nixon's field, competitors Newsweek and U.S. News tended to be a friend and supporter of Ambassador to the Court of St. James'. An­ are also closely connected with the C.F.R. Chiang Ka.i-shek. nenberg, who until recently was owner of Newsweek is owned by the Washington Post July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24691 (whose ownership and control was discussed publication, bring a criminal action against American payment deficit is e.n intemaitional in detail la.st month). Ch.airman of the boa.rd the newspapers if it wishes. responsibility. Frederick Beebe ls a member of the C.F.R. Let's try this on for size measured by other "If the United States were to try to re­ as was the late Philip Graham. Retired editor historical incidents. store its eJCterna.l balance unilaterally, we Malcolm Muir ls a C.F.R. member, as ls cur­ If the New York Times had published a would intlict great damage on all our trad­ rent editor Osborn Elliott. Other C.F.R. men story on June 5 1944, after Eisenhower's in­ ing partners as well as ourselves," Bush said. at Newsweek include columnist Stewart Al­ vasion fleet had sailed, naming the beaches "We have chosen a more :rational course. sop, contributing editor Carl Spaaitz, and At­ upon which allied troops were to land next We are looking towards internilltional co­ lanta Bureau chief William Anderson. The morning, Field Marshal Rundstedt would operation to assist us in a task in which all top man at U.S. News, David Lawrence, is also have moved his reserve Panzer dlvlslons to concerned have a stake." a member of the C.F.R. those points immediately. All troops which Bush said the United States ls not at pre­ stormed the beaches would have been killed sent cutting back on intern&tional obliga­ or captured. The invasion would have failed. tions, "particularly foreign assistance." It would have been cold comfort to the "But cooperation is a two-way street," he THE PENTAGON PAPERS relatives of 100,000 dead stacked on the said. "We too expect cooperation from others. Normandy beaches to know that the U.S. If the U.S. economy ls to continue to play a government could bring an action against constructive role in the world it must be the Times. allowed to export to markets in which it HON. BARRY GOLDWATER Editorializing in its defense the Times has a natural competitive advantage." OF ARIZONA says that it published the Pentagon secret study because the events were more than IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES three years old and publication could not Monday, July 12, 1971 therefore hazard national interest. THE PENTAGON PAPERS No newspaper nor any private individual Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, one possesses all the facts necessary to make that of the most outstanding leaders of the judgment. Only the President who ls charged HON. DAVID W. DENNIS Air Force during World War Il, Gen. Ira with the responsibi11ty for the security of OF INDIANA C. Baker, retired, has written some in­ our forces engaged with the enemy and with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the conduct of international relations has teresting additional information relative Monday, July 12, 1971 to the experience he had in the early all the data. requisite to valid decisions in these areas. Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker, Mr. James days of World War II with some of the The Department of Justice, obviously with events outlined in the Pentagon papers. President Nixon's approval, contends tha.t S. Copley, publisher of the Copley news­ Because of the importance, I ask unan­ the New York Times publication of the secret papers, has made a very significant imous consent that it be printed in Vietnam documents "would result in irrepar­ and worthwhile statement regarding the the Extensions of Remarks. able injury to the national defense." recent conduct of the New York Times There being no objection, the paper Some idea of the damage may be realized in publishing stolen Government docu­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, by considering wha.t our leadership would ments, which deserves attention and as follows: give for a recording of Ho Chi Minh's war which merits much wider publicity than conferences with his principal advisers dur­ it has yet received. THE NEW YORK TIMES VIETNAM EXPoSE ing the same period. Those who favor freedom for the news I call to the attention of my colleagues (By Ira C. Eaker) a news account of Mr. Copley's state­ The courts eventually will decide the legal media to publish secret government docu­ aspects of the publication of the purloined ments at will choose to overlook the fact ment, taken from the Chicago Tribune Pentagon study about the decisions in the that we are still at war and suffering more of July 11, 1971: Vietnam War. In the meantime a review of than 100 casual ties each week. Pu'BLISHER ASSAil.S USE OF w AR REPORT BY some historical incidents from World War II Despite the bitter divisions among our NEW YORK TIMES, POST people how and why we got into the Viet­ may help concerned cltlz.ens make valid CORONADO, CALIF., July 10.-The American judgments about these disclosures. nam War, cannot we now agree that so long as the war continues nothing will be done people want to know why newspapers pub­ In April 1942 the head of the Washington lished the Pentagon's secret study of United bureau of a prominent newspaper called the which may aid the enemy, prolong the war or increase our casualties? States involvement in Viet Nam without any Information Division of the War Department effort to get them declassified first, Publisher in the Pentagon and said, "Yesterday after­ S. Copley said today. noon 16 U.S. bombers took off from a car­ He said they want to know why the New rier 700 miles from the Japanese coast, York Times hasn't been prosecuted for un­ bombed Tokyo and flew on to land in China. SPEECH OF U.S. AMBASSADOR authorized possession of stolen goods. We propose, with your clearance, to go with GEORGE BUSH BEFORE THE 51ST NOT FREE PRESS ISSUE an extra edition immediately." SESSION OF THE U.N. ECONOMIC The Pentagon censor replied promptly, "What has happened really has nothing to "Hold, absolutely, until this story is released AND SOCIAL COUNCili do with freedom of the press," said Copley, officially. The carrier ls stm vulnerable to chairman of the corporation publishing the Ja.p air and sub patrols. The crews a.re behind Copley newspapers. enemy lines. Announcement of their number HON. DELBERT L. LATTA "The First Amendment prohibits the Con­ gress from passing laws abridging freedom and location obviously will intensify the OF OHIO search for them." of the press," said Copley in a speech. "! This great newspaper (not the New York IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doubt if there is any likelihood that Con­ Times) did not publish its drama.tic exclu­ Monday, July 12, 1971 gress has any such intent." sive but awaited the release by President Journalism was done a disservice by the Roosevelt. Mr. LATTA."Mr. Speaker, I would like Times and other newspapers which elected In the war years, hometown newspapers to call your attention to the speech of to identify with the Times, he said. were encouraged to publish letters from vet­ the U.S. Ambassador to the United Na­ Speaking at the annual meeting of Cali­ erans overseas, after censorship to eliminate tions, George Bush, before the 51st Ses­ fornia and Nevada Associated Press newspa­ anything which might violate security. This sion of the U.N. Economic and Social per publishers, Copley said: "The New York was good for troop morale. A midwestern 'rimes ca.me into possession of stolen docu­ weekly published a letter from a member of Council wherein he stated that the ments which the government regards as a submarine crew which somehow escaped United States can maintain its interna­ sensitive. Making no known effort to procure censorship and which read, "Mom, we were tional obligations at present levels only their declassification to permit their legal hit by a Jap depth charge while cruising at if other countries drop discrimination publication-and against the advice of the 300 feet below the surface and it did no dam­ against American products. He said government--The Times elected to publish age, just made our lights blink." Very shortly America's trading partners risk "great the documents. In short, there was a thereafter the Japs doubled the power of damage" unless they lower these protec­ straightforward route to follow, not in any their depth charges. Many submarine crews way involved with freedom of the press, snd paid with their lives for this gratuitous in­ tive trade barriers. the Times chose not to follow it." formation to the enemy. A U.P.I. release on the ambassador's NOT CONDONED BY COURT Counsel for the New York Times contend speech is as follows: that there is no legal precedent or authority U.S. officials said Bush's statment should Copley said there was no ruling on free­ to prevent the publication of secret govern­ be viewed as one of Washington's most se­ dom of the press in the decision of the Su­ ment documents. The government may, after rious warnings yet that correction of the preme Court that held publication of the 24692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 material in the hands of the Times and the this same type of failure with this engine at Administration does not require the list­ Washington Post would not gravely injure your jet engine fac111ty at Lynn, Mass., but ing of ingredients in such standardized the United States. had not seen fit to advise Lockheed up until products as mayonnaise, margerine, ice The high court "did not in any way con­ that time: Subsequently, two other great cream, and cola. I believe it should. The done the fact that the Times and its col­ American aviators, Test Pilot Milo Burcham leagues received stolen property and that and War Ace Major Richard Bong, met un­ consumer has the right to know, for his they did so knowingly," Copley said. timely and apparently needless death behind convenience and, most importantly, for the G.E. 1-40 engine due to faulty overspeed his protection, the ingredients in the food governor operation. products he buys. But we live in a close community in avia­ Unfortunately, despite the institute's tion, a community which works together commendable action, it concedes there LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORP. and, if necessary, suffers together. Thus, it was without hesitation that I straddled the may be a delay of up to 1 year before G.E. J-79 engine in our Lockheed F-104 Star­ most manufacturers have completed HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER fighter series. sumce it to say there was plenty changing the labels on their products. OF CALIFORNIA of opportunity to remember my earlier expe­ This seems to be an unnecessarily long rience with ·the G.E. 1-40 engine. This engine delay. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kept the Starfighter program in jeopardy Mr. Robert Kellen, institute president, Monday, July 12, 1971 throughout it.s early life, but not only did would not name those companies he said we support G.E., not blabbing our prob­ are considering supplying the public with Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, the House lems with your product, we lent you both of Representatives will soon be con­ technical and moral support in correcting a list of the ingredients that go into sidering a loan guarantee for the Lock­ your problems. their products. heed Aircraft Corp. I realize that there This is the environment in which we at The problem, of course, lies in the fact are many sincerely held feelings on both Lockheed continued to work with G.E. as a that the institute is calling for volun­ sides of this issue, but am confident that partner in those areas where our skills best tary compliance on the part of the salad complement one another ... hopefully, with­ my colleagues here in the House will want dressing manufacturers. Its new policy out fear or favor. I am obviously not an lacks both the status of law and any to carefully weigh all evidence available expert on G.E.'s engine business, but I would to them. A very significant letter which hazard the guess that through the C-5 trans­ hint of the means necessary to insure strikes at some very important points was port, the s-3A ASW aircraft a.nd the AH-56 that the manufacturers will follow the written by Mr. A. W.-Tony-LeVier, an over and above the F-104 program itself, we suggestion internationally recognized, top rated test are the largest user of G.E. engines in the It is not enough that individual manu­ pilot with a high degree of technical world. facturers disclose the contents of their ability. His words cannot be treated When we chose the Rolls-Royce RB.211 en­ products on a random, voluntary basis. lightly and I submit the following which gine for the Lockheed TriStar, we did not do We need a law that will have the au­ it from weakness but rather from strength. thority to require all food manufacturers I commend to the attention of my col­ No one is more familiar with G.E. engines leagues: than Lockheed, but the Rolls-Royce com­ to comply quickly and uniformly. My JUNE 1, 1971. mercial experience so overshadows G.E. ex­ bill, H.R. 8670, would require that all Mr. FRED J. BORCH, perience that there was no room for serious ingredients contained in a food product Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Gen­ contest. As a pilot with long experience be­ be listed on the label in the order of their eral Electric Co., New York, N.Y. hind General Electric engines, I am confi­ predominance in the food. The protec­ DEAR MR. BORCH: I was considerably dent you will ultimately produce a fine com­ tion of the consumer makes it mandatory troubled by your letter to President Nixon mercial engine. If that should happen in that this bill be adopted. and others and by the related press confer­ 1971 or 1972, it will be in contradiction of ence relative to the proposed legislation the experience cycle o! all other complex which would provide loan guarantees to a technical equipment in the history of avia­ consortium of 24 banks in support of the tion ... whatever your experience with the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar program. It is not CF-6 engine .. . and I wish you nothing but THE PLIGHT OF OUR VETERANS surprising that as a long-term Lockh~d em­ the best. ployee, I am troubled by your actions. I have But, as a man who stood behind General always had confidence in big business and Electric products when there was little cause HON. OGDEN R. REID believed that it acted in good fa.1th, but it is to do so, and as part of a company which did OF NEW YORK at best alarming that you put into circula­ the same, I condemn you and the General IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion on a national scale information which Electric Company for the crass manner in was both false and misleading. Even casual which you have operated in the matter of the Monday, July 12, 1971 inquiries would have proved them so. In the proposed Lockheed loan guarantee. Despite current atmosphere in which charges of mis­ my natural tendency to support big business, Mr. REID of New York. Mr. Speaker, management are rampant, it seems worth­ your transparent lack of good faith 1s dis­ the number of Americans who are now while to ask you as the head of the General heartening to me personally and a disservice veterans of the Vietnam war is greater Electric Company to look inward and deter­ to General Electric, and its thousands of than the population of 23 States. mine how you as an individual and General stockholders. Yet our Vietnam veterans are one of Electric as a corporation could have been Yours truly, the most forgotten, neglected, and led into this needless trap. TONY LEVIER. My reaction is not prompted by my role as ignored groups in America. a 30-year Lockheed employee. It is prompted Their problems are enormous. They by my recognized role as one of the nation's need a lot of help. But for them to get leading test pilots who has spent hundreds help, the American public is going to of hours behind General Electric engines in DRESSING UP DRESSING have to wake up to their plight and show the most hazardous 1ly1ng circumst.e.nces as some vocal concern. the first American test pilot assigned to this Over 375,000 veterans are out of work country's first operational jet aircraft. The HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL and cannot get jobs. Upwards of 50,000 airplane was the Lockheed F-80 and the engine was the General Electric 1-40. In case OF NEW YORK young veterans are addicted t.-0 hard nar­ your G.E. experience does not include this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cotics, and many of these have been particular jet, on March 20, 1945, I was al­ Monday, July 12, 1971 given dishonorable discharges under a most killed in this airplane when the turbine kind of thinking we are now growing disc disintegrated in tlight shattering the Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, as the away from. And at least another 30,000 rear fuselage with the loss of the tall assem­ sponsor of the Truth-in-Food-Labeling addicts will soon return from South Viet­ bly and complete loss of aircraft control. Act, I note with interest the statement nam. I spent many painful months in the hos­ of the Mayonnaise and Salad Dressing Thirty percent of the Vietnam vet­ pital recuperating from a fractured lower Institute, urging all dressing manufac­ spine and only by the providence of God was erans now in VA hospitals are psychi­ my life spared. turers to begin immediately declaring atric cases. And who knows how many During this period, General Electric em­ all ingredients on the labels of stand­ more are walking the streets in need of ployees in whom I had great confidence ac­ ardized dressings. treatment? knowledged to me that G.E. had experienced At the present time, the Food and Drug Our veterans hospitals are so crowded July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24693 and understaffed that thousands af vet­ atrists, nurses, and other medical per­ political military were bitterly opposed to ousting him. erans of all ages are on waiting lists to sonnel. Rhetoric will not pay for these The point was that though Diem was fa.r get in. And many who are in hospitals improvements. It might take about $3 or from perfect, all the same he was the only simply do not get the attention they $4 billion. politician with a demonstrated capacity to need. But Congress will not act unless the keep South Vietnam together to the degree A great many Vietnam veterans are American people express their concern. that it could put up some kind of a fight embittered about their country because These are not somebody else's sons and against the North Vietna.mese Invaders. they think it does not care about them. brothers we are talking about-they are Ever since his murder, the situation in man South VJetnam has been so weak politically A returning from Vietnam is likely our sons and brothers. as to add immeasurably to the burden of the to be told by his friends that he was United States, which had after all accepted a crazy to go over there in the first place. commitment to help defend the country and For someone who has risked his life for could hardly forget it because the political a year, that can be the beginning of a THE DIEM CASE AND leadership, post-Diem, was poor, indeed. very real psychological problem. AFTERMATH To this columnist's direct knowledge at the Add to that the inability to find a job. time, the then vice-president Lyndon B. I would like to read part of a letter I re­ John.son was appalled at the Diem assassina­ ceived from a recently discharged vet­ HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON tion but felt that his obligation of loyalty eran in my district: OF ALABAMA to. President Kennedy forbade him to speak IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up. You spend four years in the service, and I always believed, too, that President Ken­ when that's over they dump you out with a Monday, July 12, 1971 nedy himself had grave reservations about letter from the Governor which says, "Sin­ it in the aftel'light, though I cannot claim cere appreciation for the service you have Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, the re­ he ever told me in so many words. rendered to our nation." I wonder how sin­ spected Washington columnist, William At all events-and speaking of documen­ cere that appreciation is when you can't find s. White, has written a thought-provok­ tary evidence--one of Mr. John.son's earliest a job a.fter ft ve months. ing article on the Diem assassination and acts upon assuming the presidency wa.c> to or­ its aftermath. der Hilsman's dismissal. Whereupon, Hils­ over a third of a million Vietnam vet­ I believe that a careful and thorough man went off to write a book saying, in sub­ erans are in the same boat as this young analysis of this article, as well as related stance, that he had voluntarily left the State man. The unemployment rate among articles including the stolen Pentagon Department because his conscience could not Vietnam veterans under the age of 25 papers, will place the blame for the Viet­ bear the war policy any more. is 14.1 percent-more than twice as high First, however, he had come to this cor­ nam mess precisely where it belongs-on respondent to beg his intercession with the as that among the population as a whole. the shoulders of the party in power dur­ is Johnson administration that he (Hilsman) It also substantially higher than the ing the 1961-68 period and on those U.S. be kept on in the department. rate among no~veterans of the same age policymakers who pursued a no-win pol­ Whatever happens to the man who gave group. icy in Southeast Asia. out the top-secret material of The Times in An estimated one out of every four violation of the Espionage Act, and regard­ addicts in the country is a veteran. But The column appeared in the Birming­ less of the ultimate decision of the courts as right now we don't have adequate means ham News and was sent to me by a Mont­ to whether further publication is to be to treat them. For example, the VA hos­ gomery constituent. I commend the ar­ halted as damaging to military security, two pital in Washington, D.C ... has only 10 ticle to my colleagues. points a.re and will remain obvious. beds for narcotics addicts, even though Thank you, Mr. Speaker. One is that many copies a.re floating about THE DIEM CASE AND AFTERMATH and will at length come to light. The other by the VA's own estimate there are 2,500 is that men having or having had high of­ veterans in the District of Columbia who (By William S. White) fice-President Nixon and President John­ are addicts. WASHINGTON.-The latest "secret docu­ son-ere substantially helpless before the on­ Our veterans need-and I might add, ment" about Vietnam to come to light should slaughts of the peace-at-any-price people be­ deserve--far better medical care than is cause the country to think it hadn't seen cause they are unwilling to act irresponsibly now being provided by VA hospitals. anything yet when it was being treated by in retort to anonymous antiwar Pentagon The New York Times and other newspapers "analysts" who a.re troubled by no such There is an acute shortage of personnel to excerpts from the stolen Pentagon papers. scruples. in critical areas-doctors, nurses, psychi­ This secret was the decision of officials of Both Mr. Johnson and Mr. Nixon have atrists, and therapists to name a few. A the United States government under Presi­ "documents,'' too, that could smash the ef­ VA mental patient may get to see a psy­ dent John F. Kennedy to condone, 1f not to forts of the "analysis" to drive us out of Viet­ chiatrist for only an hour a month participate in, the assassination in 1963 of nam. Neither is prepared to go that far to the last truly effective president of South defend himself.-(c.) Many VA hospitals, including more than Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem. 30 in the South, do not have air condi­ The man who more than any other official tioning. (with the possible exception of Sen. J. Wil­ All these things-lack of jobs, inade­ liam Fulbright) for five years most implaca­ quate medical treatment, the apparent bly attacked the Johnson Administration over TWO APPROACHES TO SOUTH unconcern the rest of America shows for the war was the Senate Democratic leader, VIETNAMESE OIL INVESTMENTS them-are turning a great many Viet­ Mike Mansfield of Montana. It is this same Mansfield who has now brought the Diem nam veterans off. They have made a tre­ thing into the open. HON. JAMES ABOUREZK mendous sacrifice for their country and "I have always felt," he says, "that our OF SOUTH DAKOTA they deserve better thanks. Not just a pro troubles began with the assassination of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.8 forma letter from a Governor. If we do Diem, who was basically a good man." Diem's not give them the help they need, I murder, Mansfield adds, led to a series of Monday, July 12, 1971 think our country is in great danger of coups and resultant chaos which forced the Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. Speaker, the permanently losing the respect and sup­ entry of the United States more fully into question of American involvement in thewa.r. port of an entire generation of her vet­ South Vietnamese offshore oil deposits is erans. Another witness, Rep. Paul McCloskey, a California Republican who is so a.ntiwa.r that inextricably intertwined with the larger There are bills now in Congress, some he is preparing to enter the GOP primaries matter of American foreign and military of which I have introduced, to meet these against President Nixon next year, asserts policy toward all of Indochina. Given the problems. To give veterans' preference in that he is already in possession of Pentagon valuable tool of hindsight that we now a program to provide 150,000 public serv­ documents that make it unmistakeable that have, it is clear that the history of U.S. ice jobs. To remove present restrictions the United States "encouraged and au­ intervention in Southeast Asia was based and allow the VA to treat all of the thorized" the liquidation of Diem. on the deliberate failure of the executive There is nothing new in .aJl this to those 50,000 veterans who are narcotics ad­ few in Washington who were really close to branch of Government to provide the dicts. To substantially improve the quaJ­ events in 1963; all knew that some in the citizens and Congress of this country ity of medical care in VA hospitals by hir­ State Department, notably Roger Hilsroa.n, with sufficient information regarding our ing at least 25,000 more doctors, psychi- were bitterly anti-Diem and that the non- aims, plans, and entanglements in that \\ i 24694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 part of the world. As Members of Con­ the Underdeveloped Countries (Beacon world, particularly in the Middle East, North gress, I believe that we must never allow Press, 1969) . For the last two years I have Africa and Venezuela. In conjunction with this to happen again. been head of my own consulting firm which their farflung refining and marketing facm­ Toward that end, I have spoken out specializes in oil and energy problems. I ap­ ties, the Big Five's control of this r.rude oil several times over the last 4 months ask­ pear before you today solely as a citizen con­ allows them to sell it at prices far above cost. cerned that the United States withdraw Their gravest danger is not that they will ing this body to undertake an investiga­ from Indochina as quickly as possible. fail to obtain large quantities of oil in Indo­ tion into the matter of potential Amer­ In recent months there have been a spate china, but that others might obtain it and ican involvement in oil deposits off the of stories in the petroleum press and else­ by throwing it on the market badly depress coast of South Vietnam. I have not done where about possible huge oilfields existing world oil prices a.s well as the Big Five's this because I am antioil. Rather, I have 01! the coast of Indochina. These stories have profits. done it because it is my firm conviction been accompanied by mounting speculation The dangers of Indochina oil for the Big that the American people deserve and and controversy on the extent to which the Five are particularly great because the logical must be given all the relevant informa­ possibility of such oil reserves may influence market for this oil would be Japa.n, the the course of the Vietnam War. In turn, the world's largest oil importer as well as the tion pertaining to current or potential reports themselves partly were stimulated by fastest growing one. Since Indochinese oil U.S. involvement in Indochina. Given the December 1, 1970 promulgation of a South may well be of a low sulphur type, and defi­ this information, then, the American Vietnamese law governing oil exploration, nitely would have a geographical advantage people will be in a position to determine along with that government's expressed in­ for the Japanese market, it could easily back the extent to which they want their Gov­ tention to lease o1Ishore oil concessions in the out billions of dollars worth of oil which the ernment, or their military or their corpo­ near future, and the interest indicated in Big Five would otherwise ship to Japan an­ rations involved in the affairs of South­ such concessions by a large number of major nually, while creating unpleasant competitive U.S. oil companies. (I have appended to my ripples throughout the rest of the world. east Asia. Without this information, we written statement two documents which give To prevent this, the Big Five wonld need are merely groping in the dark. much useful background information on the not only to obtain oil concessions in Indo­ Two alternative approaches to the development of this situation.) china, but also to have these concessions possibi!Lty of massive investments by The question may be raised as to why Con­ secured by some form of continuing Ameri­ U.S. companies in South Vietnamese gress should be concerned if private American can military presence in the area, in order off shore oil have been suggested recently oil companies may choose to undertake such to keep in power the concession-granting and I would like to take this opportunity exploration? In my view the reason for con­ government. Thus, if the Big Five get oil to have them placed in the CONGRES­ cern is that the entry of the oil companies leases 01! the coast of Vietnam they will have SIONAL RECORD. could lead to a prolongation of the war by a strong incentive to use their historically The first, by Dr. Michael Tanzer of providing powerful long-run support for the demonstrated ability to influence foreign Thieu-Ky government---a government whose policy, towards maintaining the U.S. pres­ New York, is a suggestion that an amend­ continued existence is incompatible with a ence in Vietnam. indefinitely. ment be made to the Foreign Assistance negotiated settlement to the war. Moreover, In order to forestall such a situation where Act. Such an amendment would prohibit this danger exists now even if it ultimately powerful oil companies become enmeshed in U.S. ·assistance to any country using out­ turns out that Vietnam does not have any the Vietnam. War, it seems to me entirely side ·capital to explore for oil while o1Ishore oil. appropriate for the foreign aid bill to '!:>e American troops were involved in mili­ Thus, much of the debate over oil and In­ amended in the following fashion: to pro­ tary 9pera.tions there. It is my under­ dochina has centered around what I believe vide that no assistance shall be furnished standing that my distinguished col­ to be largely a false issue: namely, the esti­ under this Act to any country which uses league, Mr. BINGHAM of New York, in­ mates of how much oil exists there. On this outside capital to explore for oil, as long a.'!I question there is much speculation, rumors United States armed forces are involved 1J> tends to off er a similar amendment to the and even fascinating typographical errors, military operations in such country. Foreign Assistance Act in the very near · but little hard information publicly available Such an amendment would serve notiC'e future. (a situation, parenthetically, which requires tha.rt foreign governments cannot hope t.o On the other hand, another possible Congressional investigation to rectify). maintain their long-run tenure by back door approach was suggested editorially by While there have been preliminary surveys American assistance via drawing in tbe the prestigious Oil and Gas Journal on along much of the Asian o1Ishore areas, as powerful U.S. oil industry. By e1Iectively every oil man knows the only sure way to barring all foreign oil exploration in war torn June 28, 1971. While I do not agree with countries, it would not put U.S. oil com­ some of the statements the editor makes, know if oil exists is to drill for it. On the other hand, such preliminary work adds con­ panies at a competitive disadvantage; in­ I believe that his major point--that the stead it would preserve the status quo as U.S. oil industry should exercise self­ siderably to one's knowledge of the probabil­ regards oil until peace can be.restored. restraint in regard to Vietnamese invest­ ities of finding oil, as well as the quantities Some have claimed that the Vietnamese oil and types which might exist. Here clearly the situation is merely a tempest in a teapot, ments as long as American troops are oil companies have information which they present there--is most laudable. The stirred up by emotional antiwar groups. The are not disclosing. In this connection it is fact is, however, that the most glowing ac­ fact that the industry press is now pro­ worth noting that Standard Oil of New Jer­ counts of possible oil resources have come posing that American oil companies re­ sey, which has expressed interest in bidding from the South Vietnamese government it­ frain from investing in Vietnamese oil as for South Vietnamese o1Ishore oil conces­ self. More important, as I have stressed, is long as the war goes on adds a new di­ sions, last year made a reportedly significant that how much if any oil ultimately is found mension to the entire question. I sin­ oil find (details of which it refuses to di­ o1Ishore South Vietnam. is not what will VUlge) in Malaysian waters bordering the determine actions today or in the near cerely hope that the companies will heed South Vietnamese tracts. this sound and courageous advice. The future. full text of these statements follow: Nevertheless, in assessing the situation it If, on the basis of data now available t.o is important for political leaders and the them, the U.S. oil companies would ind"'­ STATEMENT OF DR. MICHAEL TANZER public alike not to be detoured by the pendently decide not to explore o1IshorP. Mr. Chairman, members of the committee arcane mysteries of the geologists' seismo­ South Vietnam, then the proposed amend­ and guests, I am happy to be able to testify logical data and probability charts. For, ment will have been superfluous. If, on tbP. before you today on the subject of oil and assuming some inevitable degree cf uncer­ other hand, the companies would ha.vf' the Indochina war, and to suggest an amend­ tainty at this point, the operational questions wanted to explore absent such an amencJ­ ment to the foreign aid bill aimed at pre­ facing the big American oil companies are ment, and no oil exists, they and the AmeI1- venting possible future U.S. oil exploration not only "Will we ultimately find oil down can taxpayer would be saved millions Pf o1Ishore Indochina from getting us more there?", but also "If there is a chance of dollars. The only possible harm to the com­ deeply embroiled in that area. oil being found down there, how do we insure panies under the amendment would occur My qualifications for discussing this prob­ that -our competitors do not get it (be they in the case that they wanted to explore and lem are as follows: After receiV'ing my Ph.D. other independent oil companies or foreign large quantities of oil do exist. But, since in economics in 1962 from Harvard Univer­ governments)?" in my view any possible economic gains to sity, where I had taught economics and so­ After all, the basic foundation of the the companies would be vastly outweighed cial sciences, I worked for two years as an incredible profits of the five huge American by the losses su1Iered by the American people economist for Esso Standard Eastern, Inc., companies (Standards of New Jersey a.nd from fighting to maintain the kind of gov­ the Asian-African affiliate of Standard 011 California, Texaco, Mobil and Gulf) , which ernment the oil companies would require, the Company of New Jersey. Following that I along with Royal Dutch Shell and British amendment would still be beneficial. worked for several years as a management Petroleum dominate the international oil In sum, then, this amendment can be consultant and wrote a book entitled The industry, is their ownership of enormous viewed as a costless form of insurance. Since Political Economy of International Oil and quantities of low-cost c:rude oil all over the this committee and the American people July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24695 have had a long and bitter experience of fourth member of her family to win first legislative branch, which makes the laws; little commitments growing into ever larger place in the Daughters of the American (ll) the executive branch, which carries out ones as regards Vietnam, the amendment Revolution essay contest in Midland. the laws; and (ill) the judicial branch, which would seem to be at minimum a prudent tries cases in court and explains the mean­ precaution. This is a remarkable achievement and I ing of the laws. wish to take note of it by placing her Critics said they had no bill of rights, that LEASING Now OFF SOUTH VIET NAM WOULD award-winning essay, entitled "The His­ the president had too much authority, con­ BE MAJOR BLUNDER tory of the Constitution," in the RECORD. gress had too much power also, and that the Saigon has committed a serious blunder We cannot do too much to preserve our national government had too much control. in speeding up plans for leasing its offshore heritage and strengthen our country. The There were two groups fighting over this. areas in the South China Sea for oil explo­ essay follows: Those in favor of the constitution as it was ration. The South Viet Nam Economic Min­ written were known as Federalists. The ones istry has picked the worst time imaginable THE HISTORY OF THE CONSTITUTION against them were anti-federalists. to decide to invite bids from oil companies (By Miss Lynne Rucker) Finally, after two months of discussion, by September and grant concessions before The Constitution ls the complete law of the delegates WQrked out a compromise, that year-end. our land. It made our nation complete and ls is, an agreement in which both sides gave The action can have only one result: Give called the "rugged constitution" because it is up something. Roger Sherman from Connect­ support to absurd charges that the Southeast the oldest written constitution stlll in use. icut proposed the compromise that ended Asia war is being prolonged to preserve profits Our country won its independence from the arguments of equal representation. His of U.S. oil companies. Great Britain in the year 1781. For eight plan said to have equal representation in one Saigon is ignoring the political uproar years after that, this country was governed house of Congress. This pleased the smaller already raised by some misguided Americans under a constitution called the Articles of states, which thus kept their equality With and quieted only recently on the Viet Nam Confederation. But there were faults in the the larger states in one house of Congress. leasing issue. Saigon also ls disregarding the Articles of Confederation because they were The Convention agreed that if nine statea ticklish political position faced on this issue in war. It hadn't worked well during the war, approved the constitution, the gover~ent by the U.S. Government and American oil and it was hardly working at all now. In time could be organized. companies. some of the states became less friendly to­ Dela.ware was the first state to ratify the This is a moral issue charged with deep ward one another. Soon they began to quarrel constitution on December 7, 1787. emotion. It involves a suspicion that Ameri­ seriously. There was danger that the states In 1790, people had joined together and can soldiers are being asked to risk their might break away and become small separate on February 4th, ~rge Washington was lives for a crass commercial cause. countries. unanimously named President of the United The very thought of this possibi11ty re­ As early as 1776, Tom Paine called for a States. On March 4th, the first congress met cently aroused Mothers For Peace to flood constitutional convention to draft a national in New York City. Congress with thousands of protest letters. constitution. This group of citizens began its There has never been a reason to have a Their fears that oil interests were moving meetings in May, 1787 at Independence Hall second Constitutional Convention because into South Viet Nam and that the war might in Philadelphia. The main men of this con­ "our rugged constitution" has come d!own become an operation to protect "fabulous" vention were George Washington, James Mad­ through the yea.rs with sovereignty of the oil deposits offshore were laid to rest, however. ison, Benjamin Franklin, Gouverneour Mor­ people, a supreme national government, Oil people and political leaders, even some ris, Alexander Hamilton, and John Dickenson. respect for the states, a division of power by critics of oil, knew these charges were George Washington was the presiding officer having three equal branches of government absolutely false, but they also knew the pro­ and soon became the president of the United and by a majority rule. testers were sincere and not of the stripe of States. James Madison brought to the con­ In present time, our constitution holds many Washington protesters. vention a plan of government which served strong and the Preamble written so many Oil was cleared of any Viet Nam involve­ as a model for the new government. He was years ago still holds truth for our country: ment, and all charges were proven unfounded. called "the father of the constitution" be­ PREAMBLE But the Saigon decision to invite leasing cause he made many speeches and tried to "We, The People of The United States, in revives this fiction and throws the oil in­ compromise between all the people. Benja­ Order to form a more perfect Union, establish dustry right into the middle of a furious min Franklin was full of wisdom and common Justice, insure domestic Tranquillity, provide debate over U.S. disentanglement from the sense. Gouverneour Morris actually wrote the for the common defence, promote the general war. constitution. Alexander Hamilton argued for Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty The U.S. Government must exert all the the constituition, which would create a strong to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and pressure Within its power to persuade Saigon federal government. John Dickinson came to establish this Constitution for the United to delay offshore leasing until the war ts over offer legal advice. States of America." or urut11 U.S. forces have withdrawn. For a while the delegates tried to patch up American oil companies should avoid the Articles of Confederation and make them participating in the leasing. Their image at work. But they decided to make an entirely home wm be tarnished by an inevitable new plan of government in order to form "a public backlash. Demands already have been more perfect union". U.S. PRISONERS OF WAR made that U.S. aid be denied other South­ The danger of a failure to get all the staites east Asian countries using U.S. and other into one nation was very severe. The large private capital to develop offshore oil during states did the best arguing, while the little HON. JAMES F. HASTINGS states shouted and screamed and threatened the war. Any U.S. company participating in OF NEW YORK that if they could not have their way, they the proposed leasing could hardly avoid some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES type of retaliation from the public or the would go back home. politicians. They did not break up the convention or Monday, July 12, 1971 This doesn't mean South Viet Nam must give up trying to form the groundwork for keep its potential oil resources in deep freeze our country. It is to the eternal glory of the Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, on forever. That country wlll need oil for post­ constitutional convention that although all March 26, 1964, an American adviser, war reconstruction. It wlll need-and un­ the members wanted their own way, they Capt. Floyd J. Thompson, was captured doubtedly get--the help of international oil wanted still more to set up the best possible in South Vietnam and thus became the companies in developing any reserves found. government for their country. first American prisoner of war. But there's no need to rush a lease sale. They argued all day long, and sometimes the arguing got so bad that the delegates Today, 7 years and 108 days later, Any oil in the South China Sea will stm be he is still being held captive by Hanoi, there a few months from now when all, or were going to go home and forget all about it. most all, U.S. troops have withdrawn. Now is Under the Articles o! Confederation, most along with an estimated 400 other just not the time to add an oil flap to the of the power of government belonged to the Americans. In addition, approximately other U.S. problems in South Viet Nam. states and few belonged to the national gov­ 900 more are missing in action. Their ernment. But under the Constitution, the fate is uncertain because Hanoi refuses powers are more equally divided between state government and the national govern­ to give out any information, coldly un­ ment. This system gave our country a federal mindful of the added pain this imposes DAR ESSAY WINNER, MIDLAND, TEX. government. on their families back home. The Constitution called for a separation of In fact, since the beginning, Hanoi has powers. This meant that the national govern­ shown a callous disregard for basic con­ HON. GEORGE ff. MAHON ment had three distinct branches each with cepts of decency. In violation of the 1949 OF TEXAS its own separate powers and duties. Each Geneva Convention, Hanoi has denied branch helped to keep the other two from the International Red Cross permission IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doing unwise or unjust things. This arrange­ Monday, July 12, 1971 ment was called a "system of checks and bal­ to inspect prison camps. It has refused ances" because each branch helps to check to release those who are sick and Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, Miss Lynne and balance the powers of the other two wounded and it has denied the prisoners Rucker of Midland, Tex., has become the branches. The three branches a.re (I) the a regular exchange of mail. ) i I

24696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 All this has placed an almost intol­ South, the destruction of North Vietnamese liked. He had many friends in both par­ era·ble burden on their wives, their industry a.s a. psychological deterrent, the ties. He was a strong supporter of an children, their families and their friends, institution of search a.nd destroy missions a.s adequate national defense. A real pa­ a. means of sapping the enemy's overall who must wait and wonder. fighting ablllty, the principal of graduated triot, he was devoted to our form of gov­ We, in the Congress, must never lessen escalation as a. war of nerves. All these opera­ ernment and to its preservation. The sig­ our efforts to focus world attention on tions were introduced as theories and nificant contribution he made to sound the plight of our prisoners and what it adopted with little attempt (except of the legislation and to the cause of good gov­ means to their families. most cursory sort) to learn whether there ernment will be long remembered and Many groups, including the Veterans wa.s a.ny evidence in fa.ct that these actions appreciated. of Foreign Wars, in a petition-signing would destroy Hanoi's millta.ry-polltical campaign directed by Mrs. Alexander strength or its will to win. It was a.s tho Mao Tse-tung, Ho Chi Minh Cottone, of Olean, N.Y., in my district, a.nd General Gia.p a.nd their associates had ADDRESS OF ASTRONAUT have taken part in nationwide drives to not written or spoken millions of words on draw world attention to our POW's and their policies a.nd their tactics a.nd had not FRANK BORMAN let Hanoi know that we care. demonstrated in practice over the past 20 to Nothing short of their release and 40 years in one country or another what had return home to their loved ones can proved ineffective (or effective) a,.gainst their HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT particular type of warfare. suffice. We must never let Hanoi forget OF LOUISIANA In too many cases, therefore, the theories that we have not forgotten. turned out to be tragically wrong or ineffec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive. Monday, July 12, 1971 Take some of the propositions mentioned a.bove-a.ll pushed by senior men: Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, on July 4 INSTANT EXPERTS The theory that if Hanoi became con­ Frank Borman, the distinguished astro­ vinced by a sufficient buildup of U.S. forces naut, gave the address at the dinner for a.nd by stronger a.nd stronger U.S. actions that Washington wa.s determined, Ho's gov­ the Medal of Honor winners at Daytona HON. GEORGE P. MILLER ernment might stop sending troops to South Beach, Fla., and his remarks have such OF CALIFORNIA Vietnam. A principal factor here wa.s to be a.ir import for our time that I want all the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES attacks. But no one bothered to find out fac­ Members of the House to have an oppor­ tually whether the a.ir attacks did in fa.ct tunity to read them. Monday, July 12, 1971 lower morale a.nd ca.use divisiveness in North Frank Borman is not a man who calls Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Vietnam. a spade a garden implement. He calls Speaker, under date of July 8 the Wash­ The theory that if Hanoi saw its small things as he sees them. The important industry a.bout to be destroyed, Ho's asso­ ington Dally News carried an article by ciates would be Willing to negotiate or cut message for all of us in his address is one of its syndicated writers, Mr. Ray back on their operations in the South. No that our beliefs concerning ourselves and Cromley, entitled, "Instant Experts." one looked to history to determine whether our country are what is important. I commend Mr. Cromley's article to the Ho or a.ny other Asian Communist leader ha.d These words might have been delivered reading of my colleagues and I do so with ever been deterred by the threatened destruc­ by a number of men. But coming from a the full knowledge that I recognize Ray tion of anything. man of action such as Frank Borman, Cromley as a man eminently qualified The theory of reprisals a.s a.n effective they have a particular significance. I means of stopping a.ssa.ssina.tions a.n~ attacks urge all the Members of the House to to write on this subject. Mr. Cromley was on U.S. bases in the South. But no one in Japan at the outbreak of the war as presented factual evidence to show that read them. the representative of one of the Ameri­ reprisals ha.d worked in the pa.st against Asian ADDRESS OF AsTRONAUT FRANK BORMAN, can newspapers and, along with other Communists. There wa.s evidence that they DAYTONA BEACH, JULY 4, 19·71 correspondents, was immediately jailed. would not. I'm certain thait all of us in this hall feel He had been in Japan for many years Judgment of how Hanoi's leaders would the same sense of admiration a.nd gratitude prior to this; his wife was a Japanese react wa.s not based on studies into their pre­ that I do in the presence of our honored medical doctor as were most of the mem­ vious actions or on the previous actions of guests this evening. These a.re men who have Communist leaders in Peiping or other Asian not only served their country, but who, by bers of her family. He speaks and writes countries. In fa.ct, intelligence on Hanoi a.nd their actions, ea.med our Nation's most hon­ Japanese and is knowledgeable in all fa­ its operations wa.s next to non-existent a.nd ored decoration. Our society ha.s recognized cets of the Oriental thinking and living. no one bothered to do what wa.s necessary to their gallantry in trying a.nd extremely dan­ I had the privilege of knowing him at improve that situation. gerous situations. They a.re obviously men of the conclusion of World War II before action, but they a.re also men of strong be­ his return to Asia at the request of Gen­ liefs. For, as John Walthour has said, "The eral MacArthur, when he spent a good most important pa.rt of a.ny ma.n's life is THE LATE SENATOR TOM MARTIN what that ma.n believes. What he does a.nd deal of time in China. Ray Cromley what he becomes grow from the roots of knows the Oriental mind. Therefore, I what he believes." believe that what he tells us about the HON. 0. C. FISHER This ls a. truth which our age has at· Orientals is of the utmost importance. tempted to defy. Contemporary voices a.re The article follows: OF TEXAS telllng us constantly that it is the things IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES INSTANT EXPERTS we do that count. '!he importance of action Tuesday, July 6, 1971 ls enlarged a.nd the importance of belief is (By Ray Cromley) minimized. Contemporary minds a.re forget­ A careful reading of the Pentagon Vietnam Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, it was my ting that behind every man's action--caus­ documents discloses the haphazard willlng­ privilege to have served several years in ing that action, even compelllng it--lie those ness with which men in high positions leaped the House with the late and lamented things that a. ma.n believes. to mastermind U.S. strategy in a. type of war We celebrate our In.dependence Da.y to· whose techniques they did not begin to Thomas E. Martin of Iowa. After eight da.y because of the actions (almost 200 yea.rs understand-and how willing they were to terms in this body he was elected to the a.go) of a. remarkable group of men; but predict what a.n enemy whose philosophy Senate and volunt·arily retired after one even more important than the Declaration they had not explored would do or not do term there. of Independence were the beliefs upon which under various types of pressure. While serving in the House Tom was it wa.s based, ideas that have guided the de­ Yet some of these recommendations would quite active and I recall that he was in­ velopment of this Nation for the better part result in the deaths of many thousands of fluential and effective. An expert in the of two centuries. Americans and Asians, a.nd vitally affect the field of taxation and trade, his views on Foremost among the beliefs of our Found­ future of this country a.nd a number of our ing Fathers wa.s the proposition that, the close allies. matters relating to those subjects were light of Liberty must never be extinguished. The introduction of U.S. conventional eagerly sought by his colleagues. In ad­ The preservation of a free society wa.s, and divisions in a. guerrilla war, the policy of dition, he was, of course, well informed ha.s been, the number one priority of our retaliation against Hanoi to cause Ho Chi on all subjects. people through the yea.rs. In the pa.st dec­ Minh's men to cease specific a.cts in the Tom Martin was affable and well ade, however, a. strange malaise ha.s over- \ July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24697 taken us. The symptoms are readily appar­ to endeavor any great matter, grant us also "hunting with shotguns from the helicopter." ent; from the "hard rock drug culture" to to know that it is not the beginning but the Lea said he could see why the protection­ the passive politican who blandly but in­ continuing of the same until it be thorough· ists would use this incident as ammunition cessantly calls for a reordering of our na­ ly finished which yieldeth the True Glory." for tougher legislation. tional priorities, neglecting all the while our "The old law ls ineffective because it says number one mission of insuring our freedom. a person cannot chase and capture wild This American illness has been recog­ horses on public land, but it does not pro­ nized abroad, a.s well a.s domestically. Ray­ LEGISLATION TO PROTECT WILD hibit the capturing of branded stock using mond Aron, writing in Le Figaro, put it very aircraft, if an owner thinks his branded clearly: HORSES AND :SURROS stock ls running with a wild herd," said Lea. "The U.S. of 1971 is profoundly different He pointed out that the ambiguity created from the U.S. of 1961: The first world power problems, since stock owners do have the 10 yea.rs ago because of its conventional and HON. JOHN DELLENBACK legal right to round up their own stock, even nuclear arms, its technical preeminence, and OF OREGON on public land, if they suspect branded stock its combination of liberty and determina­ is mixed with wild stock. "They can be both tion, it has now lost its mliitary superiority, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES within the law and breaking it," he said. and its moral unity. Indifferent to the rise Monday, July 12, 1971 "There is no doubt that we need better of the Soviet Union, the U.S. Senate is wag­ legislation to protect the wild horses," he ing a guerilla war against the Executive Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Speaker, this added. aimed at reducing the President's freedom Wednesday, July 14, 1971, the House Better legislation appears to be on the way. of action and compelling him to liquidate Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ Sen. Henry M. Jackson, D-Wash., chairman without delay the war in Vietnam and other fairs will continue Hs consideration of of the Interior Committee, has introduced commitments abroad. It is not yet a return to legislation designed to protect wild tougher legislation providing more protection isolationism, but without any doubt a for wild horses and wild burros on the public rejection of the imperial burden. Some may horses and burros. At this time I would range. His bill was reported favorably to the deplore this and others welcome it, but the like to share with my colleagues an arti­ Senate by the Interior Committee on June fact rem.a.ins: the American Era is ending." cle, brought to my attention by Senator 25, and favorable action is expected. Similar I can understand how a foreign observer MARK HATFIELD of Oregon, that appeared measures are being considered in the House. could interpret the widely publicized actions in the July 2, 1971, issue of the Portland Jackson's bill has 34 co-sponsors, including of some American citizens as foretelling the Oregonian further illustrating the need Sens. Mark Hatfield, R-Ore., and Frank end of the "America Era". for stronger legislation to protect these Church, D-Idaho. Consider: animals. The article follows: A Jackson aide said the proposed law is (1) The "adulation of a one-time whiz kid tougher in several respects than the 1959 who leaked stolen TOP SECRET papers to FBI To INVESTIGATE ALLEGED ILLEGAL WILD law. It states that the "sense of Congress" is the press. MUSTANG HUNT IN SoUTHERN OREGON to protect wild horses and wild burros as (2) The incredible-almost unba.lanced­ (By Chris Carlson) "free roomers" on ALL public lands. It stipu­ performance of a United States Senator WASHINGTON .-The FBI has been called lates tha.t branded stock should be kept on reading these same presumably still SECRET in by the Department of Justice to investi­ private lands, so as not to mingle with wild papers between bursts of sobbing. gate charges thait an illegal wild mustang stock on public lands. (3) The sorry discipline of an Army which roundup took place on public land near However, the new bill does ret.ain the own­ permits a.s many as 80 % of its members to Adel, Ore., 30 miles ea.st of Lakeview, last er's right to round-up stock on public land experiment with drugs in Vietnam and in­ May 19th. if he suspects any branded stock is mixed troduces the new word, "!ragging," to our Groups seeking passage of stronger pro· with the wild roamers. An owner must prove vocabulary: · tective measures in Congress for wild horses immediate ownership, and release unbrand­ (4) The arrogant action of the men, wo­ and wild burros are using the alleged inci­ ed stock, however, the spokesman said. men, and children who attempt to shut dent as further ammunition in their drive Both civil and criminal penalties are pro­ down the Government and lead today's for st.11fer legislation. vided, which include fines up to $2,000 and Peace Crusade and, in the process, make it After learning of the incldelllt, protection­ a prison term, or both, for "anyone who impossible for serious councils to be heard ists here notified the Bureau of La.nd Man­ willfully removes wild roamers from the in the halls of government. agement that the illegal round-up had ta.ken public domain," or anyone who tames a wild Today, on this Independence Day, July 4, place. Under Public Law 86-234, passed in roamer, or causes the death of a wild roomer. 1971, it is time to dispel the cynicism which 1959, it is mega.I to hunt wild must.angs o:n Any designated employee of the Depart­ such actions have spread throughout our the public lands, particularly with the use ment of Interior is also empowered to arrest land. It ls time tha.t we relegate to the back of aircraft. without warrant anyone caught violating the pages the incessant remedies of our prob­ Attention was drawn to the incident when law. the spokesman reported. lems and our acknowledged shortcomings. a. light plane, used in the round-up, crashed, Prospects !or the legislation being passed Today, as we inaugurate the celebration seem particularly good, judging both from of our bicellltennial, I propose that we focus killing Ja.mes Benson of Klamath Falls, who was chief pilot for Southern Oregon Avia­ the number of bills introduced in the House, our attention on the beliefs that led to the and the lobbying campaign being waged by creaition of this great nation and on the be­ tion, a.nd George Anderson of Paisley. The horses from the round-up were used in the the nation's schoolchildren, including one liefs of those who he.ve sustained and de­ All-Indian Rodeo at Klamath Falls on group from Portland. fended it for the past 200 yee.rs. Incidents such as the one ea.st of Adel Without pausing in the pursuit of worth­ Memorial Day. George- Lea., spokesman fOT the BLM here, provide the protectionists with their most while but ancillary goals we must reassert, effective ammunition. publicly and privately, the nat.lonal priority acknowledged the inoident. "It's true, there that out-paces all others-the preservation was an lllegal round-up," he se.id. He pin­ of a Free Society. pointed the location near Bea.ttie's Butte, We must re-acknowledge that the light of east of Adel, and north of the Winnemucca­ liberty the world over is dependent on a to-the-Sea highway. MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ strong and united America. And we must FBl NOTIFIED HOW LONG? make certain that our actions match this Lea said that the BLM, after conducting proposition. a. preliminary investigation of its own, turned Finally, we must remind ourselves that thiS the case over to the Department of Interior's HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE people, this society, this country is an on­ solicitor in Portland, John Bishop, who in OF IOWA going organization. The actions of today turn reportepiy notified the Justice Depart­ cannot be made in the interest of expediency ment. Lea sa.id the Justice Department called IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the here-and-now but in the manner of in the FBI la.st Friday to begin the investiga­ Monday, July 12, 1971 a statesman considering the future. tion. In the order of civlllzation, ours is a. young Protectionists here, however, are not satis­ Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child country and we can point to a glorious be­ fied. A spokesman for the wild horse protec­ asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: ginning. But the first two hundred years is tion group said they were promised they "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my only the beginning. would get quick prosecution, but that "noth­ husband alive or dead?" Before Sir Francis Drake set out on his ing has happened." Lea replied that BLM had most dif!icult and prolonged voyage into the fulfilled its responsibility and that it was Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ unknown he gathered his crew around the now up to the FBI. tically practicing spiritual and mental ma.st to invoke divine guidance. His prayer The protection group charged that there genocide on over 1,600 American prison­ is particularly appropos to America today! was also a helicopter involved in the illegal ers of war and their families. "Oh Lord, when Thou giveth Thy servants round-up and that the round-up party was How long? CXVII--1554--Part 19 24698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 BLACK CITIZENS DENIED THE VOTE voters must re-register to be eligible to vote Along that line, the Republican National IN MISSISSIPPI COUNTIES in the fa.11. Committee has blown the whistle on the New It's based on a.n 1892 Mississippi statute York Times and the Washington Post-both which authorizes re-registration when coun­ have published classified Vietnam documents. ty enrollment books a.re in a "state of con­ In 1962, the GOP people recall, the N.Y. HON. DON EDWARDS fusion." Suddenly, after 79 years of disuse, Times roasted authors Stewart Alsop a.nd OF CALIFORNIA the statute is being applied all over the state. Charles Bartlett for a magazine article giving IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Under the Votmg Rights Act, the Justice the inside of what went on at a National se­ Department has the power to stop this re­ curity Council meeting during the Cuban Monday, July 12, 1971 registration requirement, if it discerns a dis­ missile crisis. criminatory intent. So far, it ba.s not. Although Alsop and Bartlett refrained from Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. It has an even clearer obligation to stop it quoting any document or secret report, the Speaker, during this administration, we in those counties where, prior to the act, dis­ N.Y. Times at tha.t time asked rhetorically: have seen a continuous assault on per­ crimination was so blatant that federal reg­ "How can advisers to the President be ex­ sonal liberties and the constitutional istrars ha.d to be sent in to enroll voters. pected to give advice freely and easily and at rights accorded individuals. Recently, I But when the Voting Rights Act came up all times honestly and with complete integ­ have had the sad duty to investigate for re-enactment last year, the Justice De­ rity if they have to worry about what their partment fought-in vain-to eliminate not arguments will look like in print a. few weeks and discover the denial of one of the most later?" basic rights, the right of U.S. citizens to only this obligation, but the entire federal registrar system. And the GOP further recalls, in 1963 when vote. Mr. Milton Viorst, in an article Leading that fight in the department's be­ State Department security officer Otto Otepka which appeared in the Washington Post, half was a career lawyer named David L. Nor­ furnished a. Senate subcommittee with two briefly outlines the situation: man. It is interesting that Norman was re­ classified documents to prove that certain of MrsSISSIPPI AND THE BLACK VOTERS cently promoted to acting assistant attor­ his superiors ha.d lied under oath the Wash­ While Atty. Gen. John N. Mitchell leans on ney general in charge of the Civil Rights Divi­ ington Post was outraged. a. lamppost smoking his pipe, white politi­ sion. In tha.t capacity, he is now presiding The Post said what Otepka did was "un­ cians in Mississippi ha.ve been a.t work in re­ over the department's languor in Mississippi. lawful" and "unconscionable." cent months systematically violating fed­ Black leaders in the state-helped by many "He gave classified informalbion to someone eral la.w to disenfranchise the state's black Northern college students-have struggled not authorized to receive it ... he had no au­ voters. manfully to get their people re-registered, thortty to give it ...,''the Post sa.id. "If a.ny Using a little violence a.nd. a. lot of guile, but the odds against them have been over­ underling in the State Department were free they ma.y well succeed in nullifying much of whelming. Last Friday, re-registration in a.t his own discretion to disclose confidential cables or if any a.gent of the Federal Bureau the arduous effort of the la.st five years to Mississippi closed. register Mississippi blacks to vot.e. But the attorney general still could, if he of Investigation could leak the contents of chose, bring suits, or even criminal actions, secret files whenever he felt like it, the Ex­ In the last election, a.n estimated 272,000 ecutive branch of the Government would blacks were qualified to go to the polls, al­ to overcome the statewide fraud of redistrict­ have no security at all." most a third of the state's electorate ing, at-large elections and re-registration. It would seem the Washington Post and and a major political factor. But by Novem­ He is, however, on the threshold of another the N.Y. Times are finding themselves going ber, it's possible tha.t this figure wlll be political campaign-and he obviously wants round a.nd round even as you and I. sle.shed by a hefty fraction-and black polit­ federal law used, not to enforce civil rights, ical power will again be in eclipse. but to bolster the Southern strategy. Oddly, the country has paid the matter small attention. The nation's press seems to ha.ve lost interest in the voting-rights strug­ STRIP MINING MUST BE gle, as have ma.ny of the old civil rights ANOTHER LOOK AT THE NEWS ABOLISHED lawyers. But despit.e the absence of publicity, the Justice Department has been amply notified HON. DEL CLAWSON HON. KEN BECHLER of what's been going on, particularly of the OF WEST VIBGINIA OF CALIFORNIA open flouting of the Voting Rights Act of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1956, which it ha.s explicit obligations to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enforce. Monday, July 12, 1971 Monday, July 12, 1971 To be sure, Mississippi's white politicians a.re craftier than they were in the da.ys of Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. BECHLER of West Virginia. Mr. police dogs, cattle prods a.nd night-riders-­ June 28 issue of the Daily Signal of Hunt­ Speaker, here follows an article which though antiblack violence rems.ins very much ington Park, Calif., contained an editorial appeared in the July 1971 issue of Not a. pa.rt of Mississippi life. Now their efforts are Man Apart magazine which is published harder to beat. commenting on a particularly "brain­ numbing" aspect of the controversy over by "Friends of the Earth'': Their current strategy is not focused at the STRIP MINING: A CLEAR AND PRESENT state level, where a la.w can be struck down the Pentagon papers. At this point in the by a court a.t a. single blow. For this cam­ RECORD I would like to commend the col­ . DANGER paign, they've decentralized, concentrating umn by the editor of the Daily Signal, (By Congressman KEN HECHLER) their work in Mississippi's 82 counties. Tom Hageman, to the attention of my From the tribal lands of the Hopi and. To stop them means the need for as ma.ny colleagues in the House: Navajo to the rugged hills of Appalachia, as 82 separat.e investigations and 82 sets of giant gouging machines a.re ruthlessly ravag­ lawsuits. Obviously, none of the independent ANOTHER LoOK AT THE NEWS ing the land to get at valuable seams of coa.l civil rights organizations-like the NAACP (By Tom Hageman) close to the surface. When a super-colossus Inc. Fund a.nd the Lawyers Committee for The big debate goes on over the publication like the eastern Ohio earth-mover called Civil Rights-has the resources for such a of the Pentagon papers-the story of the "Big Muskie" picks 325 tons a.t one gulp, a battle. Vietnamese war and bow it grew. The average jumble of topsoil, rocks, small trees, flora, Only the government ha.s the resources-­ American is still meeting himself as he goes fauna and wildlife habitat are chewed up in Justice Department lawyers, FBI investi­ around in circles trying to decide just what and spewed out with awesome results. The gators. federal registrars. So when the gov­ can be labeled "secret" in a democracy and scalping and decapitation gives the la.nd the ernment chooses to sit idly by, Mississippi's whether truth is all that important. look of the surface of the moon. Spring rains anti-black politicos get virtually a. free ride. It was stated here before tha.t publication on the exposed rocks produce sulfuric acid What they are doing in some counties is of the Vietnam war record might be justified run-off, deadly to aquatic life. Streams fill redistricting, ostensibly to correct violations because of its (the war's) terrible influence with sediment a.nd overfiow their banks. The of the Supreme Court's one-man, one-vote on the morals of government and the mil­ loosened la.nd cover is highly vulnerable to doctrine. But it is hardly coincidence that lions of young people born and raised in landslides. Even the water table ls shaken much of this redistricting gerrymanders its shadow. by the blasting. blacks right out of power. To support the publication of supposedly Strip mining is escalating by the hour, in In other counties, they are instituting at­ classl1led material--even though such publi­ the 25 states where 128 billion tons of strip­ la.rge, winner-take-all elections, despite a re­ cation might bead off another, similar na­ pable coa.l exist. Yet well over five times tha.t cent Supreme Court ruling of lllega.lity. tional tragedY.--<:omes dangerously close to amount is recoverable by underground meth­ Where blacks are a. minority, these elections taking the position that the end justifies the ods, and even the strtppable coal which is assure all-white representation in the elected mee.ns. not very close surface could be recovered by councils and omces. Well, in actual fa.ct we all at times support deep mining methods. The difference in tech­ But perhaps the cleverest disenfranchise­ the idea. of the end justifying the means. But nique is simple: deep mining removes the ment ploy is the requirement established in to live with one's self while making that kind coal from the earth; strip mining removes the at lee.st 26 counties-some say as many as 41, of decision it is necessary that you remain earth from the coal. Ten yea.rs a.go, 29 percent but no one is sure of the number-that all consistent. of the nation's coa.l came from strip min- ) i

July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24699 ing; a few months ago, the figure was 35 are made to protect the environment, there Martin came as sad news to all his percent, but it is now rapidly bumping 40 are those who rush forward to charge that friends. Although I served with Tom percenlt and stlll rising. such protection will create an "energy crisis," only during the 83d Congress, I well re­ as though we are doomed to be prisoners of ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS onrushing technology instead of masters of, member and value our association. After Coal opera.tors joyfully proclaim that strip our own destiny. Obviously, energy develop­ he went to the Senate our paths crossed mining is chea.per. This is utter nonsense. ment and environmental quality must go less frequently, but we remained friends No coal opera.tor has to pay a. cent in en­ hand in hand, and it's a.bout time we decide and I continued to admire and respect vironmental costs. If the strip miners had to once and for all that they a.re not mutually his ability and integrity. Tom was a compute the damage they do to the soil, for­ exclusive or incompatible. gentleman and a wise and responsible ests, hillsides, and streams, then it would A second argument levelled by the lobby­ legislator dedicated to the principles of turn out to be a. very expensive way to ex­ ists against H.R. 4456 ls that it will throw tract coal from the land. Of course, there thousands of people out of work. Even the our country and to the service of his is a more immediate and compelling reason Director of the Bureau of Mines swallowed State. His loos is shared by all who had why strip mining is increasing at such a. this argument by publicly announcing that the privilege of knowing him. My heart­ rapid rate: the strippers know that a.n out­ 20,000 people would lose their jobs immedi­ felt sympathy goes to Mrs. Martin in her raged public will sooner or later clamp down ately if strip mining were abolished. Those bereavement. and put a stop to this assault on the en­ now concerned a.bout jobs gave little atten­ vironment, so they are ma.king a. killing while tion to the 300,000 miners displaced when the they can get a.way with it. underground coal mines were mechanized Some feeble efforts have been ma.de a.t the in the 1950's. Many of the jobs in strip min­ state level to control strip mining through FIREARMS OWNERSHIP AND ing a.re highly skllled occupati.Ons, easily CRIME RATES requiring varying degrees of reclamation. transferable to road construction or housing. The uneven standards from state to state But strip mining 1s like taking seven or eight· have promoted economic competition, as stlfr drinks: you are riding high as long as HON. BEN B. BLACKBURN well as extreme pressure by those interests the coal lasts, burt the hangover comes when who bend enforcement agencies to weaken the coal ls gone, the land is gone and the OF GEORGIA further the laws which are already riddled jobs a.re gone and the bitter truth of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with loopholes. morning after leaves barren landscape and a Monday, July 12, 1971 WEAK ADMINISTRATION BILL month full of ashes. The tourist and recrea­ President NiXon sent up to Congress in tion potential of a stripped area is nil; in· Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, for February, a federal strip mine control bill tact, far more jobs are provided for the fu­ the information of my colleagues, I am which some of his own environmental ex­ ture through protection of the environment. hereby inserting a copy of an article perts are a.shamed of. The Nixon bill allows Rep. John Seiberling (D. Ohio), a strong which recently came to my attention. two years for the states to come up with supporter of my bill, has added several amendments to give priority in job place­ Entitled "Firearms Ownership and state recommendations on how they propose Crime Rates," this report concludes on to control strip mining, follow'.ng which at ment, as well as 52-week cash payments and some vague and indefinite future time the relocation allowances to those workers dis­ the basis of several scientific studies that Secretary of the Interior may set or impose pl!aced by the abolition Of strip mining. the number of serious crimes cannot be federal standards-with the primary respon­ RECLAMATION HASN'T WORKED related to the number of people possess­ sibllity lef.t to the states for enforcement. The third argument advanced is that "rec­ ing firearms. This approach simply invites the same type lamation" can make strip-mined land bet­ Recalling the emotionalism surround­ of artful dodging and delay which charac­ ter than it was before it was disturbed. ing the debat.e of a few years ago, I am terized attempts to control air and water Bethlehem Steel Corporation ran some multi­ hopeful that today this article may be pollution in the 1960's. Futhermore, the two­ color ads in Time and Newsweek magazines, yea.r period of grace allowed for states to read in this scientific light in whiah it depicting a blue fishing lake in Kentucky was created. submit their plans is tantament to a license where a st.rip mine once existed. A skeptical for the strip-miners to step up their ruthless Baltimore Sun reporter wrote: "If you circle The article follows: ravaging for two undisturbed years. the lake carefully, you can find a narrow FIREARMS OWNERSHIP AND CRIME RATES On February 18, 1971, I introduced H. R. angle from which, when the light is right, (By Alan S. Kll"ug) 4556, to ban all strip mining of coal siX the proper filters are used, and the back­ months after the enactment of the bill, and Lt is estimalted that there are some 200 ground forest is a.t season's peak, it all looks million firearms in this nation, owned by to prohibit any underground mining of coal like a cameo from a Sierra Club publication. in national forest and wilderness areas. In­ 40 or 50 million Americans. There ls at least But don't look left or right. Whart; you see one firearm in more than half the homes in stead of placing enforcement in the Depart­ there is characteristic of all st.rip mines: ment of the Interior, whose activities include the U.S., and last year more than 20 million coal slides into the water, scars in the Americans took part in the various shoot­ stimulating a. constantly hlg·her production mountainside ... gritty dust blowing from of minerals, my bill is enforced by the En­ ing spor.ts. the irreparable gash in the slope opposite." Claims that this widespread availa.bWty vironmental Protection Agency, which now The faot is if enough money is poured into handles air and water pollution control and of firearms is a. contributing cause to rapidly a "showcase model" which photographs well rising crime in the naition have been widely ls better equipped as a regulatory agency. in color, 1.t is possible to reclaim stripped The response to my bill was immediate and circulated by proponents of "anti-gun" land, but it is uneconomic to pour that kind leglslatdon. heartening. Over 30 -Members of the House of money to "reclaim" all &tripped land. of Representatives were the initial co-spon­ Yet there is no reliable evidence to sup­ In West Virginia, the Surface Mine As­ port such a contention. To date, not a single sors, and this number has since swelled to sociation found a happy solution. They 85 Congressmen from 26 different states. scienstiflc study has shown a causal relation­ changed their name to the "West Virginia ship between firearms and crime. Four Senators-Nelson of Wisconsin, Mc­ Surface Mine and Reclamation Association," Govern of South Dakota, case of New Jersey This -alleged rela.tionshLp bas even been announced they were ml.sing $180,000 to ad­ written into proposed federal legislaitlon. and Kennedy cf Massachusetts-are also co­ vertise the beauties of "reclamaition" and sponsors. A fiood of popular support in let­ The current version of the Dodd Blll, immediately launched a media saturation Amendment 90, conm.tns the following state­ ters, telegrams and phone calls has welled campaign. up from all over the nation. ments as pa.rt Of its prea.m.ble: In the face of this type of pressure lobby­ "The Congress hereby finds and declares­ The prospects for passage of my bill depend ing, those who want to protect the environ­ squarely on the amount and sustained vol­ "That the ease with which any person can ment mu&t stand up and be counted. St4"ip acquire firearms . . . ls a significant factor ume Of public support we can muster. Hear­ mining is a clear and present danger. The ings on the Administration bill will probably in the prevalence of lawlessness and viol_enit bill to abolish strip mining of coal can suc­ crime in the United States; be held. by the Senate and House Interior ceed only if a genuine grass roots move­ Committees late in the summer, a.t which "That there is a causal relationship ment, similar to the campaign against the between the easy availability of firearms a.nd time it will be possible to offer testimony on SST, is launched. my bill. Yet considerably more grassroots juvenile and youthful criminal behavior." work is needed to fashion a majority to vote This study shows thalt there ls no statis­ for a bill which has already stirred up mas­ tical support for these claims. The statistics sive opposition from coal, oil and electricity HON. THOMAS E. MARTIN even demonstrate the opposlte-thalt crime interests. rates tend to be lower where the percentage of gun ownershLp ls higher. These findings OPPOSITION IS WELL-ORGANIZED HON. JOHN J. RHODES confirm other scientific studies which have Carl Bagge, President of the National Coo.I oonclud-ed that fireaa-ms are not a cause or Association, has led the charge against H.R. OF ARIZONA crime, but merely one of many incidental 4556, on the grounds it would cause an im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES factors. · mediate "energy crisls" by depriving the na­ Tuesday, July 6, 1971 Perhaps the most detailed study of' hoini­ tion of over one-third of its coal. He over­ cide accomplished to date is that of look.s the 750 billion tons of coal recoverable Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, word of Professor Marvin E. Wolfgang, Graduate by underground mining. Whenever efforts the death of the Honorable Thomas E. Chairman of the Department of Sociology 24700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 at the University of Penneylva.nl.a. Dr. Wolf­ index of firearms ownership, and as such can llfe Federation, told the Senate Subcommit­ gang's study dealt wtith the 588 criminal be used in a statistical analysis to determine tee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency that: homicides which occurred in the citv of the correlation, if any, between the extent of "This raises the question ... as to whether Ph!ladelphia, Pennsylvania, between Janu­ firearms ownership and crime rates. It does in or not the solution then is to make firearms ary l, 1948 and December 31, 1952. fact constitute the best index available at the not ava.ilable because as long as we permit One segment of the work dealt With the present time. In this way, it is possible to indtvidueJs in this country ... to have guns, weapons used in crtminal homicide. The test the hypothesis "there is a causal rela­ and to use them for lawful purposes, they are results of this study led Dr. Wolfgang to tionship between the avallablllty of firearms going to be readily available. And the only conclude: and crime Mtes." way that we are going to remove that avall­ "It is probably safe to contend that many With this report is a graph of the index a.bllity is to take their guns awa.y from them. homioldes occur only because there ls suffi­ of firearms ownership and serious crime data. And it is expressions such as this which give cient motivation or provocation, and that The line of the graph represents the over-all us considerable concern about the intent of the type of method used to kill is merely an relatioxishlp of the various points on the S. 1592 ( 1965 version of the Dodd Bill) . accident of availablllty: that a gun is used graph, and was flt by the "method of least "Now, if the concern ts about crime a.nd because it is in the offender's possession squares." This "line of best flt.'' which slopes the use of guns in crime, this ts one thing. at the time of the incitement, but that if it downward, shows a negative correlation be­ If it is to make guns unavaila.ble to the were not present, he would use a knife to tween the index of firearms ownership and American public, this is another. And from stab, or fists to beat his victim to death ... serious crime rate, by state. This means that, the statements that have been made before "Several students of homicide have tried to in genera.I, states with a high proportion of this committee, it leaves some doubt ... as show that the high number of, or easy access population possessing firearms have lower to just what this objective is." to, firearms in this country is causally related serious crime rates than st.ates with a lower This study tested the hypothesis, "There to our relatively high homicide rate. Such a proportion of the population posses.sing fire­ is a causal relationship between the avall­ conclusion cannot be drawn from the Phila­ arms. ab111ty of firearms and crime rates." The ex­ delphia data. Material subsequently reported This finding appears to refute the claim tent of firearms ownership was compared in the present study regarding the place by the supporters of anti-firearms legislation with rates of serious crime, murder, aggra­ where homicide occurred, relationship be­ that the availabllity of firearms is a major vated assault and robbery in each of the fifty tween victim and offender, motives and other contributing factor to a high level of crime states. The comparison was made by statis­ variables, suggest that many situat.4ons, rates. Beyond that it lends strength to the tical methods and the results were tested for events and personalities that converge in a argument that widespread ownership of fire­ significance. particular way and that result in homicide arms may actually lessen crime. Opponents of It was found that there ts no positive cor­ do not depend primarily upon the pres­ unduly restrictive firearms legislation often relation between the extent of firearms own­ ence or absence of firearms ... contend that criminals are reluctant to at­ ership and crime rates. Rather, there ls a "More than the availablllty of a shoot­ tempt to attack or rob persons whom they negative correlation. These findings dictate ing weapon is involved in homicide ... The have cause to believe might be armed. that the hypothesis as stated above be re­ type of weapon used appears to be, in part, According to the New York Times of Au­ jected. In general, as the proportion of the the culmination of assault intentions or gust 31, 1967, "robbers have had a field day population possessing firearms goes down, events and is only superficially related to in Belgians• homes" in the Congo since the crime rates go up. Fewer people With guns do causality ... It is the contention of this Belgians• firearms were ordered confiscated not mean less crime. observer that few homicides due to shoot­ by General Mobutu, the Congolese president, The negative correla.tions between the ing could be avoided merely if a firearm were On December 28, 1967, the Times reported index of firearms ownership and serious not immediately present, and that the of­ that the Davidson County grand jury at crime, aggravated assault and robbery were fender would select some other weapon to Nashville, Tennessee, had recommended that statistically significant. This means that fire­ achieve the same destructive goal . . " citizens arm against an outbreak of crime in arms ownership by the law-abiding public Another very comprehensive study of crim­ that area. To protect themselves, the grand could be a factor in restricting the number of inal homicide, which has just been pub­ jury said, "citizens should have at least one these criminal acts. However, such a cause lished, deals With the 640 murders which oc­ gun in every home." Earlier in the year, the and effect relationship is not proven by, but curred in the State of California in 1960. Detroit News reported (July 20, 1967) that is only consts>tent With, the results of this This study was done in the California De­ Detroit grocery holdups showed "a sharp re­ study. partment of Justice, Bureau of Criminal duction" since a grocers• organization began These facts should be considered by any­ Statistics. The author, Crime Studies Analyst conducting gun clinics. The Royal Qak, one ev&Iuating proposed firearms legislation. Romney P. Narloch, reached much the same Michigan, Tribune (July 19, 1967) quoted conclusion as did Dr. Wolfgang in regard to Highland Park Police Chief Wllliam E. Step­ the relationship between the availablllty of hens as crediting "gun-toting merchants" firearms and the commission of criminal for the fact that no store in that city of 38,- THE DISAPPOINTING ECONOMY homicide: 000 had been robbed in almost three months. "One of the clear conclusions of this re­ In Orlando, Florida, where police trained search ts that the mere availabllity of more tha.n 2,500 women in the safe handling HON. MICHAEL J. HARRINGTON of firearms in late 1966 after a series of rob­ weapons lethal enough to produce a human OF MASSACHUSETTS mortality bear no major relationship to the beries and attacks on women in their own frequency With which this act is completed. homes, forcible rapes, aggravated assaults and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the home, at work, at play, in almost any burglaries were reduced in the first nine Monday, July 12, 1971 environmental setting a multitude of objects months of 1967 by 90 percent, 25 percent, exist providing means for inftictlng lllegal and 24 percent, respectively, from the first Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, death. Though the true number of times nine months of 1966. whenever the unemployment rate rises criminal homicide was attempted during In examining the connection between any a few tenths of 1 percent, we are told 1960 cannot be known, and in spite of im­ two sets of variables, it should be pointed that this is insignificant because the rise proved medical services, it is undoubtedly out that the presence of a correlation between was just moderate. Whenever the rate much more reasonable to conclude that the the two does not necessarily mean that one drops by a few tenths of 1 percent, we are low yearly incidence of unlawful slayings causes the other. The relationship may be is largely the product of human inhibitions coincidental; one variable may be a cause, told that this is a major sign that the to kill." but not the sole cause, of the other; the two administration's policies are taking hold. If the availab111ty of firearms were indeed a variables may be interdependent; or the two As of last week, we were told that the cause of crime, crime rates should rise and variables may be affected by the same cause. unemployment rat.e dropped to 5.6 per­ fall fairly consistently with rates of firearms Therefore, the negative correlation between cent, yet there were a million more ownership. States where a high proportion of firearms ownership and crime rates supports, citizens out of work. the population possesses firearms would be but does not necessarily prove, the theory But what does the President int.end to expected t.o have higher crime rates than that the greater the extent of firearms own­ states where a lesser proportion of the ership, the lower the crime rates Will be. But do about curbing inflation or lowering population owned firearms. TlU.s proposition it does show that the idea of a causal rela­ unemployment? To quote John Connally, can be exiam.1ned in the light of basic sta­ tionship between the availabllity of firearms the Nixon administration will not impose tistics available to all. and crime rates is fancy and not fact. The mandatory wage-price controls, will not Because the major use of firearms is for hypothesis must be rejected. impose a wage-price review board, will hunting, the number of individuals who pur­ Firearms are readlly available in America, not ask Congress for tax relief and will chase hunting licenses in each state is a reli­ with some 200 milllon guns owned by 40 to not increase Federal spending. We know able guide to the extent of firearms owner­ 50 milllon individuals. what he will not do, but we do not know ship in those same states. The accompany­ The intent of those who say that restrictive ing chart shows the rate of hunting license firearms legislation should be enacted be­ what he will do. holders per 100,000 of population and rates cause of the availability of firearms has been Not t.oo long ago, the President told of serious crime, or murder, aggravated as­ questioned in testimony before congressional the Nation 1971 will "be a good year" and sault and robbery for each of the fifty states committees. The Honorable Thomas L. Kim­ 1972 will be a "very good year." An in 1966. The first can be taken as a reasonable ball, executive director of t.he National Wild- earlier prediction, made in March of J (

July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24701 1970, raises doubts about President of April, the present recovery was five months at a high annual rate of 5.6% in the first old. At that stage in the four previous pcist­ quarter. Wholesale and industrial prices have Nixon's ability to gage the economic wa.r recoveries, industrial production been jumping, and steel prices a.re bound to problems realistically. He predicted then showed increases ranging from 6.4% to· 10.23 rise. On balance, however, most board mem­ that "1970 is going to be a good year above recession lows, while real gross national bers think that inflation has begun to sub­ from an economic vantage point." product went up anywhere from 2.1 % to side slightly. As we all know, 1970 was not a good 5%, and manufacturing employment rose It is likely to diminish further largely be­ year economically and the economic dol­ 1.2% to 3.8%. In the current recovery, by cause of rising productivity. Robert Nathan drums still prevail. Until a wage-price contra.st, industrial production has struggled points out that productivity growth almost freeze is instituted as the New York up only 2.8% from its low point, real G.N.P. stopped between mid-1968 and mid-1970, only 1.7%, and manufacturing employment leaving a gap of about 5% between what the Times suggests in an editorial in its June a mere .6%. present output per man-hour is and wha.t 23 edition, the economy will stagnate. SLEEPING GIANT that output would have been if normal At the same time, the editorial says: Assuming no change in Washington pol­ growth had continued. He believes that the The fiscal stimulus nee~ for a sound icy, members of the Board of Economists s-ee economy can make up the gap and get a fur­ economy should come primarily from ex­ small reason to expect a speedup soon. De­ ther normal growth of 3 % annually over the penditure increases sharply focused on aid­ spite much talk of ex;pansiona.ry federal tmdg­ next three yea.rs-which adds up to a poten­ ing the poor, the unemployed, the staggering et policy, they find that Government tax ial 14% rise in productivity by 1974. cities and the other areas of acute need, and spending programs a.re not very stim­ Productivity usually leaps when the econ­ rather than tax cuts. ulating. Arthur Okun pointed out that the omy climbs out of a recession, since rising major force in the recovery so far has been demand enables manufacturers to use ma­ But instead of Executive leadership, a jump in home building from an annual rate chines and workers more efficiently. The we get a list of inaction. The recent drop of 1.1 million starts in January 1970 to 1.9 trouble is that if recovery is creeping, pro­ in unemployment results, not from fewer million recently. The housing upturn, how­ ductivity will not rise as much as it could, people out of work, but from a fluke ever, may be leveling off. Construction is and wage increases a.re more likely to force situation where more people are idle and getting close to the annual rate of 2,000,000 up prices. students give up hope of ever finding jobs starts that some housing experts believe to RISING TEMPTATIONS for the summer so just do not bother be the probable average for the 1970s. Be­ How can the recovery be pepped up? Heller looking. sides, mortgage interest rates have begun to offers a five-point program: 1) pull forward rise again, and are likely to go stm higher be­ into this -year the $4.5 billion of income Despite the cheery predictions, the cause other interest rates are climbing. tax cuts scheduled to take effect in 1972 and game plan is failing. Congress must apply Business spending for new plants and 1973; 2) have Washington pay now all of the pressure to revise the Nixon "play boo~" equipment promises little help. A Govern­ costs of extending state unemployment com­ For my colleagues, I would like to insert ment survey last week showed that companies pensation benefits for an additiona.113 weeks several articles from Time magazine, are budgeting only a 2.7% increase in capital up to a maximum of 39 weeks; 3) ~na.ct th~ Newsweek, Business Week, the New York expenditures this year, the smallest rise in a Family Assistance Program bill, setting na­ Times, and the Wall Street Journal decade. The consumer, says Walter Heller tional minimum income levels for welfare which explain how serious the situation is stm a "sleeping giant." Consumers in~ recipients; 4) give states and cities a tem­ creased their liquid assets-mainly currency porary 10% federal "bonus," on top of the is. and bank deposits-by a startling $91 bil­ grants-in-aid that they now receive, for var­ The articles follow: lion from January 1970 through last April, ious programs; 5) provide federal funds that [From Time magazine, June 14, 1971] to $812 bill1on. But they show little inclina­ state and local governments could use to fill tion to spend this hoard untll unemployment about 150,000 new public service jobs-The SEEKING MUSCLE FOR A FLABBY RECOVERY House and the Senate have passed publlc­ Muscle Builder Charles Atlas might de- starts heading down decisively. Some bankers make a case for a deliberate­ service jobs bills putting up different scribe the present U.S. business recovery as amounts of money, but President Nixon is a 97-lb. weakling-too puny to rout the ly slow recovery. Heller suinmarized their view-with which he disagrees-as a belief almost certain to veto the final bill on the bullyboy of unemployment. Members of grounds that it would conflict with his rev­ Time's Board of Economists use more schol­ that "by prolonging the agony of slack and unemployment, you increase the ecstasy of enue-sharin~ plans. He vetoed a similar bill arly analogies, but they make the same point. last December. At a recent all-day meeting, they offered this a lower rate of inflation at full employment." In other words, the longer it takes to get to Such moves, board members think, would analysis of the nation's economy: have to be combined with an incomes policy The recovery from last year's recession is full employment, the less inflation the U.S. Will suffer when that point is reached. Okun to fight inflation. David Grove fears that the slowest and lowest of any since World businessmen whose profits have been acutely War II. also rejected that idea, contending that there is no certainty that a slow recovery Will ever squeezed by the recession will be tempted to Unemployment, which rose l~t month to raise prices as soon as they feel that demand 6.2% of the labor force, matching Decem­ achieve full employment. "There may well be a certain orbital speed that you have to is strong enough to support such action­ ber's nine-year high, will still hover around especially if they have to pay large wage in­ 6 % by year's end if nothing is done to put get to in order to make a recovery self-sus­ taining," said Okun, "and if you do not get creases. The heart of an incomes policy more muscle into the recovery. would be Administration guidelines for non­ Inflation is slowly subsiding, at least in that momentum, I can see a risk that the recovery could actually peter out." inflationary wage and price increases, and terms of consumer prices, and a large growth presidential "jawboning" to unions and com­ in worker productivity will help to check Joseph Pechman and Otto Eckstein added panies that violate those guidelines. it further this yea.r. that the social price of a slow recovery is in­ tolerable. The chief cost: a recent alarming The wage standard might be 3 % to cover The fast rise in productivity will also hold long-term productivity increase, plus an add­ down new hiring. rise in poverty in the U.S. For ten years through 1969, the number of poor people in on to compensate partly for rising prices. Given these factors, the U.S. sorely needs Members of the Boa.rd of Econoinists concede a combination of tax cuts and accelerated the country declined, but in 1970 the total rose by 1.2 million, to 25.5 million, or 13 % ot that President Nixon could hardly put for­ Government spending to speed the recovery. ward a wage guideline now; it would seem to Otherwise, this yea.r's gross national prod­ the U.S. population. (For a nonfarm family of four, the Government now defines "poverty" be aimed specifically at the United Steel­ uct is likely to be about $1,050 billion, far workers in their current negotiations. But off the Admin1stration's forecast of $1,065 a.s an annual income of $3,970 or less.) A major reason for this increase in poverty was the economists think that a guideline pro­ bill1on. mulgated after the steel settlement would This analysis differs sharply from the read­ rising unemployment. At its present pace, the recovery is putting few people back to have a strong impact on the next round ing of Administration economists and the of labor bargaining in 1972. monetarist school led by Milton Friedman, work. There are just enough new jobs open­ who see a vigorous expansion developing. ing to offset increases in the number of per­ ACTIVIST ALLIANCE? Friedman recently went so far as to say that sons looking for employment. Sa.id David The Nixon Administration plans to wait the problem is "to keep the economy from Grove: "As long as businessmen are very un­ until mid-July, when second-quarter figures going too fast" and setting off another in­ certain a.bout the outlook, there is much more will be in, before deciding whether to pursue flationary spiral. Yet most economists and incentive for them to work their existing em­ a more expansionist program. Right now, businessmen tend to agree with Time's board. ployees overtime than to hire new em­ Washington's policymakers a.re stalemated. Martin Gainsbrugh, chief economist of the ployees." Added Heller: "I don't see any Federal Reserve Chairman Arthur Burns has Conference Board, a nonprofit business re­ chance of arriving at full employment before been arguing for a year in favor of an in­ search organization, has compiled figures to 1973." comes policy, and lately he has been.saying prove that so far the current upturn has PROSPEcrs FOR PRODUCTIVITY that he also favors in.ore fiscal stimulus. So been notably weak. Ga.insbrugh calculates In the board's view, a swifter recovery is far he has been blocked by Budget Boss that the 1970 "recession"-which was offi­ needed not only to produce jobs but also to George Shultz, who, in Robert Nathan's cially given that name by the National Bu­ contain infiation. Though consumer price words, is "ideologically, conceptually, re­ reau of Economic Research two weeks ag<>­ rises have moderated lately, the more com­ ligiously" against an incomes policy because hit bottom in November. Thus, by the end prehensive G.N.P. index of prices went up it would interfere with natural market forces. 24702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 Paul McCracken, chairman of the Council of not yet moving fast enough to eat into the At this point, no one can tell how badly Economic Advisers, is thought to be on the unemployment picture." He added that the the blight will affect the crop. But it has fence, ready to propose an expansionary tax President would decide in midsummer struck earlier in the season th.an last year, and spending program if asked. whether more direct economic stimulants, and Dr. Malcolm Shurtleff, plant pathologist The balance of power within the Admin­ such as a personal income-tax cut, would be for the University of Illinois, says he is istration quite possibly will be held by the necessary. And the latest appointee to the amazed at how fast it is spreading. "The newest member of the President's economic council, finance professor Ezra Solomon of next two weeks are going to be very, very team: Treasury Secretary John Connally. I! Stanford University, went still further. After important," predicts George A. Jones, an in­ it appears that a sluggish business pace will his confirmation hearing with the Senate dependent trader on the Chicago Board of hurt the Administration at the polls. Con­ Banking Committe, he told a reporter that if Trade. "The whole thing depends on the nally may well form an alllance with Burns unemployment should climb any higher than weather. If we have dry weather fort.en days, for economic activism-more fiscal stimulus the current level of 6.2 per cent, and that if I think the corn will win." plus an incomes policy. One final and per­ the rate of inflation continues to increase, haps decisive argument against a slow re­ he would favor outright wage and price [From the Wall Street Journal, June 24, covery is that it does not produce votes. controls. 1971] CONSUMERISM: THE RACER'S EDGE CREomn.ITY AND ECONOMIC POLICY TIME'S BOARD OF ECONOMISTS Detroit engineers have long looked with a (By Albert R. Hunt) Members of TIME'S Board of F.conomists jaundiced eye at the claims made by flam­ WASHINGTON.-Treasury Secretary John B. speak as individuals, not as representatives of boyant Andy Granatelli for the oil additive Connally recently lambasted some of his fel­ the institutions with which they are assooi­ produced by the company he heads, STP low Democrats as "politically oriented econ­ ated. Present at the most recent meeting Corp. (NEWSWEEK, April 5). But more than omists who were once close to power and were: a jaundiced look ca.me this month from Con­ long to return." Otto Eckstein, Harvard pro'fessor and for­ sumer Reports. In its July issue, the publi­ The thrust of Mr. Connally's criticism, mer member of the Council of Eoonomic cation of Consumers Union declares that echoed privately by other Nixon administra­ Advisers. STP's on treatment is actually a worthless tion aides, was that some eminent econ­ David Grove, vice president and chief econ­ on thickener-a "thick goo"--and its use omists have been so tainted by political omist of IBM. may invalidate a new automobile's warranty. partisanship that their views are losing be­ Walter Heller, University of Minnesota pro­ News of the charges sent STP's stock down lievability. And it ls true that some critics fessor and former chairman of the CEA. $4.871/:z to $53.121/:z, a drop of 7.9 per cent of the administration's policies plainly seem Robert Nathan, head of Robert R. Nathan from the new 1971 high of $58.75 it had to have their eye more on the next presiden­ Associates, a Washington-based economic reached the week before. The following day, tial election than on the performance of the consulting firm. an influx of orders brought trading in STP economy. Arthur Okun, senior fellow of the Brook­ to a halt. Yet it's interesting-and instructive-to ings Institution, former chairman o'f the Grana.tell!, a onetime racing driver, wasn't examine the one who's throwing stones. For CEA. taking the charges lying down. La.st week he this administration ls steadily building up Joseph Pechman, director of economic lashed back at Consumer Reports, calling its a serious economic credibility pro'!>lem of its studies at the Brookings Institution. findings "untrue, unfair and completely dis­ own. The reason ls that most administration Robert Trlftln, professor of economics and torted . . . a twisted set of alleged 'facts' spokesmen inevitably term any good eco­ master of Berkeley College at Yale Univer­ assembled by incompetents." The suggestion nomic figure a "turning point" or "solid evi­ sity. that the additive might endanger warranties dence" of improving conditions, while ad­ was, he added, "another deliberate distortion verse results are "statistically insignificant" Beryl Sprinkel, senior vice president of or mere "aberrations." Chicago's Harris Trust & Savings Ba1*, was of the truth." But this time the bears held in Europe and could not attend the meeting. the racer's edge. STP's stock dropped an Wholesale prices rise 0.3 % in March and additional 11 points by the end of the week. the Western White House trots out Labor (From Newsweek, June 28, 1971] FARMING: THE BLIGHTED CORN Secretary James D. Hodgson to gloe.t that "our a.ntl-lnfiationary fight ls taking hold"; THE ECONOMY: A NEW GAME PLAN? Albert Schnelder was the first man in the same prices jump a steeper 0.5% a month For six full months of slow and uncertain Edgar County to find them-the small gray later and the Washington White House pro­ economic recovery, the most troubling symp­ spots on the leaves of his young corn that duces Mr. Connally to caution reporters, "I .. toms of last year's recession-inflation and farmers a.cross the Midwest have been half don't think we ought to pay much attention high unemployment--have stubbornly re­ expecting a.nd altogether fearing ever since to it." A 0.2% drop in the February unem­ fused to go away. Yet the Nixon Administra­ the first seeds sprouted. The blight that ployment rate shows the economy "ls moving tion has maintained its cheery insistence withered 15 per cent of the nation's corn in a favorable direction," according to Mr. that full recovery was just around the corner. crop la.st year, costing farmers an estlma.ted Hodgson; when the April jobless rate rises Last week's economic indicators were telling $1 bllllon, has struck again. 0.1%, however, Mr. Hodgson notes that a the same ambiguous story, but the govern­ "If it spreads, it's going to be a disaster,' pickup in employment always lags behind ment was beginning to hint that a new game Schnelder said. "I'll just keep watching it. other signs of an economic upturn and he plan might be in order. I guess that's all I can do." And the blight suggests, therefore, that this increase isn't The good news was that housing starts, a ls spreading; at la.st count, it had been re­ cause for concern. ported in 124 counties in eighteen states, healthy element all this year, continued SELF-FULFILLING strong in May, and that personal income had and was slowly spreading north with the gone up by a respectable $6 billion. In addi­ summer weather. In an effort to monitor There ls, of course, a reason for all this tion, two recently published private surveys the fungus, teams from the Department of upbeat talk. The key to a sharp economic suggest that consumer spending, always an Agriculture, the Naitlonal Aeronautics and upturn, many government analysts believe, essential ingredient in any economic up­ Space Administration and the Air Force are is convincing consumers that things are get­ swing, should show a gradual growth trying to spot it by aerial infra-red photog­ ting better so they'll step up spending. Thus, throughout this year. And the most encour­ raphy. In theory, the diseased plants gen­ these optimistic pronouncements can serve aging news of all was that the index of indus­ erate more heat and should be detectable-­ as self-fulfilllng prophecies, some oftlcle.ls trial production, which measures the output but whether this works out in practice won't argue. of the country's factories, mines, and util­ be known until the sea.son ls over. But, as laudable as this goe.l may be, some ities, rose by an impressive 0.7 per cent, the By trui.t time, the damage could be exten­ of the meth<>ds currently employed certainly largest monthly increase since January. sive. In Chicago, when corn-futures con­ are less than desirable and sometimes seem tracts shot upward with the news of the downright counterproductive. Recently sev­ BUGABOOS blight, traders were predicting gloomily that eral high administration insiders have gone Yet soft spots still persist. Retail sales ap­ even though farmers planted more corn beyond simple rhetorical hyperbole and parently declined in May, and U.S. automo­ this year in anticipation of trouble, the either outrightly misled the public or fla­ bile sales were off by 10.4 per cent in early season's crop might be well under last yea.r's grantly violated some of their own guide­ June. Moreover, much of the increase in in­ 4.2 billion bushels. lines. dustrial output could be attributed to heavy The most publicized instance was the steel production in anticipation of a possible SWINDLE La:bor Department's cancellation of the strike this summer. If a long strike does oc­ Farmers had tried to head off calamity monthly press conference of its Buree.u of cur, warns James Cooper, an economist with with a blight-resistant seed. But there was Labor Statistics on the unemployment and the Irving Trust Co. in New York, the painful only enough available to plant one-fifth of consumer price figures. These briefings, con­ climb out of recession would be interrupted, the 71.5 million acres in corn this year-a ducted by nonpolitical technical experts, much as the automobile strike helped sabo­ fact that resulted in gray-market trading, a were terminated, the admlnistra.tlon said, tage any chance of a recovery last year. few outright swindles and at least one hi­ for two main reasons: to speed up the re­ The government's own economists are even jacking of a truckload of seed corn. Most lease of the data and to avoid subjecting more concerned. Paul W. McCracken, chair­ farmers, like Schneider in Illinois, wound up BLS professionals to the "awkwardness" of man of the President's Council of Economic with at lea.st part of their land pla.nt.ed answering questions "with policy implica­ Advisers, admitted for the first time last week with a blend of resist.ant and susceptible tions." A factor in this decision, the White that the Administration was dissatisfied with seed. It was supposed to be half and half, House sald, was the 1962 report of the Gor­ the sluggish pace of the recovery. "We have he says, but "I can't find 50 per cent of' the don Committee on the use of government to recognize," he said, "that the expression is stalks that don't have blight." economic statistics. July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24703 But the chairma.n of that committee, Uni­ dent glowingly alluded to the housing fig­ the cost of money, further jeopardizing the versity of Qalifornia economics professor R. ures. slow economic expansion. Some banks have A. Gordon, later told the congressional Joint In another promotional effort in late April just boosted their prime lending rates, but Economic Oommittee a different story. There White House Communications Director Her­ others have held at the old rate under Ad­ waa "nothing" in his report to suggest doing bert G. Klein sent an analysis to 1,300 news· ministration pressure. However, the clear in­ a.way with these briefings, the author of the paper editors and writers that noted how dication given by Chairman Arthur F. Burns study said, and he went on to proclaim a much money investors would have made if that the Federal Reserve Board means to "real need" far these sessions. He further they had followed President Nixon's general slow down the excessively rapid growth rate wondered. if what the administration really advice to buy stocks in April 1970, Mr. Klein's of the money supply is likely to put addi­ wants isn't "to be free to minimize bad news analysis mentioned 10 specific securities. tional upward pressure on interest rates, at and maximize good news without any inter­ This horrified even some of the adminis­ least in the short run. ference from its own technical experts who tration's own economists. Besides giving the Meanwhile, the wage-price spiral is un­ know most about the facts." appearance of touting selected stocks, one checked. Excessive wage boosts are intensify­ Geoffrey Moore, the BLS commissioner, top administration economist notes, . Mr. ing both inflation and unemployment. Al­ later admitted that he couldn't recall a sin­ Klein "just couldn't understand that he who though the Administration increasingly ex­ gle instance in which questions caused "awk­ lives by such swords can die by them too." presses its unhappiness over inflationary wardness" for career officials. And both the With the Dow Jones Industrial Average gen­ wage-price actions-as it did over the recent unemployment ·and price figures are now erally declining since reaching a peak of jump in aluminum wages and prices--its coming out almoot at precisely the same time a.bout 950 in late April, Mr. Klein's tip serv­ sporadic statements have no perceptible as before the briefings were cancelled. ice has been noticeably quiet. effect. The actual catalyst for the cancellations, As isolated instances, perhaps there's little To get out of the inflation-unemployment insiders admit, came when a BLS official said reason to be unduly alarmed at any of these bind, a change in basic Administration pol­ the 0.2% drop in the February jobless rate transgressions. But together, they add up to icy has become essential, with action to curb was only marginally significant {an observa­ the makings of a real credib111ty problem the leapfrog of wages and prices as its first tion borne out by the increase in the rate in that the Nixon people are creating for them­ element. An effective incomes policy needs every month since then), while at the same selves. the full support of the President and his top time Mr. Hodgson was heralding the im­ 1970: "A GOOD YEAR"? aides. Its starting point should be a tem­ portance of the drop. Yet, top officials They should realize that usually these porary wage-price freeze-to dramatize the haven't publicly acknowledged this factor. shortcuts and gimmicks simply don't work. program and to prevent a final round of {An irony here is that another of the ad­ The next time the President repeats his con­ wage-price boosting' before restraints can ministration's top economists, Under Secre­ fident assertion that this year "will be a be put tn place. During the freeze period a tary of the Treasury Charis E. Walker, ear­ goOd year for the economy" and that 1972 high-level stab111zation boa.rd appointed by lier had implored television news to devote "will be a very good year," he might recall the President could work out procedures and more attention to economics in order t.o in­ his own words at a March 1970 press confer­ standards to assure business, labor and the crease general public understanding. Only a ence. On the same subject and with equal publlc that inflation will be equitably but few months later those economic results confidence, he assured the nation that 1970 firmly brought under control. most conducive to coverage by that medium­ "is going to be a good year from an economic The overhaul of economic policy also re­ the BLS briefings, replete with charts and vantage point." Even most of the President's quires a major shift of emphasis from mone­ tables for visual effects--were eliminated. partisans now would agree this was hardly a tary to fiscal. Faced as it is with large Another double standard concerns the ad­ self-fulfilling prophecy. budget deficits, the Administration has been ministration's pledge not to politicize the "One has to really produce things that are hesitant to offset any slowdown in monetary release of statistics. In 1969, the Budget Bu­ believable to affect consumers," says George growth with a more stimulative fiscal policy. reau told all agencies that "an adequate Katona, director of the University of Michi­ The big current deficits, resulting basically amount of time" {generally agreed to mean gan's Institute for Social Research, which from a sluggish economy, are not particularly 15 to 30 minutes) should elapse between the studies consumer attitudes and behavior. stimulative. These deficits, now llkely to ex­ release of figures and any comment by a "Mere talk won't do it." ceed $20 billion in both fiscal 1971 and 1972, political appointee. Thus the actual release To be sure, the temptation to exaggerate ts are attributable largely to revenue shortfalls. of the figures wouldn't be colored by political probably endemic in any administration, With faster growth, the deficits would shrink. pronouncements, it was pointed out. particularly when the economy is such a ter­ The nation's urgent social problems imply Nevertheless, in early February Mr. Hodg­ ribly sensitive political issue. And few would that extra fiscal stimulus should come pri­ son held a briefing for reporters an hour be­ expect the President or his lleutenants to marily from expenditure increases sharply fore the revised December and new January proclaim that the economy is going to be in focused on aiding the poor, the unemployed, unemployment figures were released. Later rotten shape. the staggering cities and other areas of a.cute the BLS' Mr. Moore admitted this didn't But a little more candor about setbacks, need, rather than from tax cuts. However, "square" with the administration's stated as well as successes, and a willingness to re­ this approach does not rule out consideration policy and pledged it wouldn't "happen in sist the temptation to bend or break reason­ of temporary tax reductions, should they be the future." Yet about 10 minutes before able rules for very short-run gains, wouldn't needed to provide additional support for a the April consumer price report was issued, seem to constitute a suicidal course. Indeed, stagnant economy. We have long favored a reporters were handed a statement from the there's apt to be a time, with November 1972 more tlexible fiscal policy for economic Labor Secretary ha1ling the moderate 0.3 % quickly approaching, when the administra­ stab111za.tion. advance. tion will need all the economic believabUity But for the immediate future, we believe In another instance, President Nixon also it can muster. the President should use expenditure pro­ directed all agencies to "speed up the imple­ grams to attack acute problems, as he has mentation and dissemination" of all statis­ [From the New York Times, June 23, 1971) done in making known his intention not to tics. Although this dwelled on avoiding un­ OVERHAULING ECONOMIC POLICY veto the public service employment blll but to use it for creating jobs for veterans. The necessary delays, Arthur F. Burns, then coun­ The sharp rise in consumer prices last selor to the President, explained that the nation's growing social and environmental month is an unpleasant reminder of what problems leave no shortage of useful targets intent was "to discontinue manipulation of inflation is continuing to do to the value of for a fiscal policy appropriate to the times. release dwtes for statistics." High administra­ the dollar. Announcement that the price in­ tion officials were openly scornful of their dex went up six-tenths of 1 per cent in May [From Business Week, June 12, 1971) predecessors' penchant for either speeding up came just after President Nixon's chief eco­ or delaying the release of figures for political nomic adviser, Dr. Paul W. McCracken, gave THE ECONOMY-STORM CLOUDS Do NOT purposes. the first official word that the Administration CHANGE THE COURSE But two months a.go the Commerce De­ is dissatisfied with the way its economic President Nixon's top economic advisers partment suddenly rushed out at 6 o'clock "game plan" is working out. The economy is continue to insist that the nation's economy Friday evening a report showing that hous­ growing too slowly to bring unemployment needs no additional stimulation. If anything, ing starts had jumped an impressive 11 % down below the 6 per cent level it reached they feel less inclined than a month ago the month before. Since officials had con­ last December. With large numbers of grad­ toward a mid-course correction in economic fidently stated all day that this report uates and veterans entering the labor force, policy. wouldn't be out until the following week, the jobless rate may even rise. "Given the basic course of expansion up could it be that the government was taking The May jump in prices does not neces­ to now," says Council of Economic Advisers its directive seriously and even putting out sarlly negate scattered signs earlier this year Chairman Paul W. McCracken, "I don't see good news at an unpropitious time? of some slowing of infiationa.ry trends, but that a. clear case can be made for additional Alas, no such luck. President Nixon was it is accompanied by other worrisome por­ stimulus." holding a news conference that evening and, tents. The money supply has been climbing The decision to stick to current policy is according to informed officials, late Friday at an annual rate of 11.6 per cent since the not based on confidence that the economy afternoon the White House ordered the Com­ end of 1970, and at an even faster rate in is tracing the path laid out last January in merce Department to rush out the housing the past three months. Such rates of mone­ the Economic Report. It represents, in fact, figures so the Chief Executive could hall the tary growth are bound to reactivate intlation a lowering of the Administration's ambitious results that evening. Sure enough, when the if they continue. goals for more economic growth and less first economic question came up the Prest- Intlationary expectations are driving up unemployment. 24704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 Offioie.ls candidly admit that last month's for outright controls. This, apparently, has is lower than in the previous four recoveries. rise in unemployment proba.bly foreshadows turned Management & Budget Director Some of the figures look good in terms of further increases. They now appear to expect George Shultz away from the idea of rapid current dollars, but that is reflecting the Uttle reduction in the jobless rate before expansion. factor of infiation. Unless we get some strong yea.rend, and they have explicitly down­ Some Administration officials, including real growth, we won't get unemployment graded their earlier target of unemployment Connally, reportedly have a mild preference down." "in the zone of 4.5 % by mid-1972" to "less for early activation of the scheduled 1972 A look at the prevailing trend of 26 major than 5%" by the sa.me date. The White and 1973 tax cuts. But it ls not strong economic yardsticks by Statistical Indicator House wpparently feels that this level will enough for them to want to challenge Shultz Associates la.st week was also rather discon­ not be an overwhelmingly political burden on this point or to take the risk that a. certing. It disclosed four lea.ding indicators if the rate is falling sharply by the tame Democratic Congress will do more than they pointed upward and eight level; five coinci­ voters go to the polls. ask. dent indicators up and three level, and two While there a.re differences in tone, the "JUST INSANE" lagging indicators up, two level a.nd two "steady-as-you-go" feeling is reflected The White House line against more stim­ tending downward. throughout top-level economic circles a.round ulus etxends to government spending as well "With the trends of only four of the 12 the White House. For the moment, a ba.la.nce as tax cuts. The rise in unemployment gives leaders up," the analytical service com­ appears to have been struck--e.nd sold to Congressional Democrats another argument mented, "the hesitance in the leaders is President Nixon-between concern for ris­ for their $5-billion public service employ­ reminiscent of early 1968. The 1968 hesitancy ing unemployment and fears of continued ment bill. But, says one high official, "the turned out to be a temporary lull. Today's infialtlion. Worries about the ultimate impact President is just as committed to a veto as hesitancy seems to have a greater precau­ of five months of rapid growth in the money before." tionary significance." supply have also ma.de policymakers wary So fa.r, at least, President Nixon does not Even the Administration's top economic a.bout throwing in more ftsoaJ stimulus. seem to be getting much heat from his own adviser, Paul W. McCracken, eschewed his consistently optimistic posture and expressed SOUL-SEARCHING party. "There are some Republican worriers," says Representative Ba.rber Conable (R-N.Y.), some dissatisfaction with the pace of the The balance could be changed, however, a ranking member of the House Ways & business recovery. if the report on second-quarter gross na­ Means Committee. But they are not particu­ Dr. McCracken conceded that the economy tional product ls disappointing. Officials will larly strong, he says. Barring a sharp rise in was moving up too slowly to exert much effect get a. preliminary estimate late next week unemployment, most GOP congressmen are in reducing the unemployment rate, which and a better 1ook early in July. There appears inclined to let the Administration determine has been hovering about 6 percent, and he to be general agreement in Washington that the line on economic policy. indicated that President Nixon would decide a. ga.in significantly less than $20-billion On the other hand, Democrats are exhibit­ this summer whether it would be necessary to would call for "some soul-searching." Al­ ing a fairly sharp split. Liberals such as inject some new stimulus into the economy. though some technicians say there ls a good Senator Edmund Muskie (D-Me.), a Presi­ In Paris, the prestigious Organization for possibility that the second quarter will come dential hopeful, and Senator William Prox­ Economic Cooperation and Development also in below that mark, key ofHcia.ls appear rela· mire (D-Wis.) are calling for quick tax cuts. took a dim view of the unemployment situ­ ti vely optimistic. But House Ways & Means Chairman Wilbur ation in the United States, saying that the The new target, however, gives a far dif­ D. Mills is waiting for the second-quarter average rate of joblessness this year would ferent profile than Administration econo­ GNP figures to make up his mind. "My judg­ be "almost one percentage point higher" than mists ha.cl been sket.ching earlier. They a.re ment is that it will not be as dramatic ... last year's 5 percent. now ready to concede that the recovery has as the first quarter," he says, "but it may be If that assessment proved to be correct, it been clistinctly modest, with no real enthusi­ of sufficient growth to obviate the necessity would cast strong doubt on the Administra­ asm on the part of either consumers or of doing anything else." tion's ability to achieve its 4Y2 per cent un­ businessmen. With the third quarter clouded employment target by the middle of next by a. runoff in steel inventories, with or with­ year in advance of the Presidential election. out a. strike, fall is the earliest the economy [From the New York Times, June 20, 1971] President Nixon's advisers had been count­ can be expected to find a solid footing. ing on a growth rate of at least 9 per cent ENCOURAGING DATA ON ECONOMY LEAVE for the American economy this year in their The worry now a.long Pennsylvania Ave­ SoME UNCONVINCED nue is thait things will come on with a. rush. blueprint for significantly reducing the un­ Administration economists view the puzzling (By Thomas E. Mullaney) employment rolls. But it is obvious now, after behavior of inventories-,•mbstantial liquida­ Those businessmen and economists who six months of rather stimulative fiscal and tion almost everywhere but in steel-less have advocated a patient stance by Washing­ monetary policies, that the goal is not being as a vote of no confidence in the recovery ton in dealing with the economy took heart met. than a.s a. storing up of demand that will last week from the latest batch of upbeat Despite the strong burst of consumer buy­ hit sometime toward the end of the yee.r. economic statistics. Their position, however, ing that erupted in mid-March and retained For unexplained reasons, the economy has was far from universal. its momentum ever since, it appears that the been slow in reacting to definite nud.ges from Many observers remain skeptical of the economy's growth in 1971 may not top 7 per Washington. underlying strength of the economy. And cent. To get to the desired target, some prod­ "People don't quite appreciate how stimu­ stock traders were also quite unimpressed by ding will be necessary, according to a spread­ lative policies a.re now," says one senior Ad­ the recent trends and worried about higher ing view in business and economic circles. ministration official, pointing to the very high interest rates. The market ended the week Since monetary policy has been exceedingly rate of growth in the money supply a.nd the on a depressed note after suffering its worst easy this year, with the money supply in­ fact that the fiscal 1971 budget is winding up loss in almost a year. creasing by more than 11 per cent, it would considerably deeper in the red than had been Last week's encouraging data were the not seem prudent to expect any further stim­ anticipated la.st January. "The more stimulus Government reports on industrial produc­ ulus in that area. you inject, the more superboom you a.re tion, personal income and housing for May­ That leaves only fiscal policy as an engine storing up for sometime in the future--and all of which showed a rising pulse of eco­ of expansion-tax reductions or increased you don't know when," he adds. nomic activity. There was also a faster tempo Government spending or, perhaps, a combi­ Another Administration argument against reported in retail business for the first half nation of the two. But, with Federal spending more stimulus is that such a move would of June and moderately optimistic forecasts already outrunning projections, the most increase the pressures for an incomes policy. of consumer attitudes in two new surveys. likely avenue would seem to be the tax route. "To the extent that your expansion is less Brightest among the week's economic news The most broadly recommended program than planned, you have less need for market were the strong 0.7 percent rise in industrial involves a speed-up of the cuts in personnel restraint because markets are looser than you production, the buoyant 1.7 percent gain in income tax already scheduled to take place expected," says a top official. housing starts and the fairly good $6-billion in 1972 and 1973. This would produce some jump in personal income during May. $4.5-billion of added spending power for FLEXIBILITY To the optimists, these indicators con­ American consumers this year. In recent weeks, in fact, there has been a firmed their view that a strong expansion Among businessmen, there is wide advocacy weakening of the earlier hard-nosed attitude of the economy has taken root from the seeds of a suggestion that the 7 per cent invest­ toward wage and price behavior. The original of highly stimulative fiscal and monetary ment-tax credit be restored to invigorate 6 % guide on construction wages has been policies planted in 1970 and earlier this year. capital spending programs. And some busi­ replaced by more flexible "equity" rules, and Nevertheless, assessments of the latest nessmen as well as economists are urging Presidential displeasure at the aluminum economic numbers by several leading econ­ the start of public works or social programs price hikes was relatively mild, though ac­ omists la.st week were not equally glowing. to put more people to work. companied by another warning to the steel One depicted the economy as staging a "lazy A recent poll by the National Federation industry. recovery," and Martin R. Gainsbrugh, chief of Independent Business found a strong tftle Beneath the surface, however, the pres­ economist for the Conference Board, sounded in favor of the Price BUl, which would re­ sures are still there. Federal Reserve Chair­ a typical view when he remarked: store the 7 per cent investment credit on the man Arthur F. Burns still loses no occasion "The picture is a little bit more encourag­ first $15,000 of equipment and machinery to push for a wage-price review board, and ing, but it does not indicate much accelera­ purchased each year. Big business feels that within the Administration Treasury Secre­ tion for the balance of the year. On every it, too, needs restoration of such spending tary John Connally talks openly of the need count, the rate of expansion in this recovery incentive on a permanent basis. July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24705 ECONOMIC INDICATORS .

Latest week Prior week Latest week Prior week June 13 June 6 June 14, 1970 June 13 June 6 June 14, 1970

Weekly comparisons: Daily oil production (barrels) __ 9, 752, 000 9, 745, 000 9,485, 000 Commodity index ______107. 8 107. 2 111. 3 Freight car loadings ______553, 552 496, 743 567, 235 Currency in circulation ______$58, 078, 000, 000 $57, 851, 000, 000 $54, 261 , 000, 000 Electric power (kilowatt-hours)_ 32, 251 , 000, 000 29, 348, 000, 000 29, 583, 000, 000 Total loans ______$83, 818, 000, 000 $84, 143, 000, 000 $80, 258, 000, 000 Business failures ______193 205 198 Steel production (tons) ______2, 737, 000 2, 786, 000 2, 637, 000 Auto production ______184, 003 193, 312 181, 459

Mayt Prior month 1970 May 1 Prior month 1970

Monthly comparisons: 1 78, 698, 000 78, 357, 000 Consumer's price index______120.2 119. 8 134.0 5, 085, 000 3,384, 000 Money supply ______$221,200,000, 000 $219, 400, 000, 000 $203, 300, 000, 000 5~~~i~~ecc ======~: ~}: &i°ll Construction contracts ____ . •. _ 161 142 203 ======Aprilt Prior month 1970 Manufacturers inventories_____ $99, 542, 000, 000 $99, 416, 000, 000 $97, 604, 000, 000 Exports______$3, 543, 100, 000 $3, 814, 600, 000 $3, 449, 700, 000 Industrial production______166. 0 165. 5 170.4 Imports______$3, 757, 800, 000 . $3, 569, 200, 000 $3, 247, 500, 000 Personal income ______$836, 300, 000, 000 $830, 400, 000, 000 $111, 600, 000, 000

t Figures subject to revision by source. Bureau of Census ~f the _Department of Commerce. Money supply is total currency outside banks NOTES and demand deposits ad1usted as reported by Federal Reserve Board. Business failures compiled by Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. Construction contracts are compiled by the F. W. Dodge Division Mc- Commodity index, based on 1957- 59=100 and the consumers price index, based on 1967=100, Graw-Hill Information Systems Company. ' are compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Industrial production is Federal Reserve Board's ~tatistics for commercia_l-agricultural loans, carloadings, steel, oil, electric power and business adjusted index of 1957-59=100. Imports and exports as well as employment are compiled by the failures are for the preceding week and latest available.

Walter W. Heller, former chairman of the signify that the Fed would make no move sues, while those that advanced numbered Council of Economic Advisers, who also en­ with its discount rate at least until the 387. There were 136 issues with no change. dorses the investment credit at 10 per cent, Treasury's niid-August refinancing opera­ Volume on the Big Board remained rela­ recently stated that "it should not be ditn­ tions are out of the way. tively light a.t 68.4 million shares, against cult to devise a package of perhaps $10-bll­ With the atmosphere improved, several 66.3 million the week before. lion of quick-acting fiscal stimulus that large corporate bond issues were successfully would not interfere with the objective of a sold during the week, beginning with a $60- balanced budget or a surplus when we again mlllion offering of the Ohio Edison Com­ reach full employment. pany's Aaa.-rated bonds yieldl.ng 8.20 per cent THE PALESTINIANS IN 1971 The bond market continued its erratic on Tuesday. A $150-million offering of the pattern last week as traders and investors Phelps Dodge Corporation's notes and deben­ remained nervous and uncertain about the tures moved out quickly on Wednesday, and HON. LEE H. HAMILTON a $100-million issue of the Detroit Edison path of the economy and the course of in­ OF INDIANA terest rates. At the start of the week, the Company's bonds sold swiftly on Thursday. market saw prices dropping sharply, but later All of the successful bond sales encouraged IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on there was an equally vigorous rally. Wall Street and, consequently, bond prices Monday, July 12, 1971 The early decline seemed to stem from advanced late Wednesday and again on fears of a general increase in the prime rate Thursday. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, there by major banks as well as an upturn in the The combination of diminished concern have been a great many changes in the Federal Reserve's discount rate. a.bout higher administered interest rates and Palestine movement and in the attitudes On Monday, the First Pennsylvania Bank­ Of successful bond sales accounted for la.st of Palestinians during the la.st year, ing and Trust Company, the largest bank in week's rather pronounced rebound in the Jesse W. Lewis, Jr., has written about Philadelphia., did lift its basic loan rate 5% bond market. Few bond dealers, however, some of these changes in an interesting per cent from 5¥2, and the Bank of Cali­ showed any great conviction a.bout the longer-term outlook for interest rates. set of articles which appeared. in the fornia raised its price rate to 6 per cent on Washington Post la.st week. I commend the folloWing day. Price swings in the bond market recently Even though those moves were applauded have been dramatic but not long-la.sting, and his articles to my colleagues : privately by many bankers because of the they probably will oontinue to gyrate that PALESTINIANS NOURISH MEMORIES OF rising cost of funds obtained by the banks way-very erratically-until the outlook for HOMELAND, HATRED OF ZIONISM for lending, other major banks did not im­ the economy becomes clearer. (By Jesse W. Lewis, Jr.) mediately follow the lead of the two medium­ other interest rates, particularly those in the home-mortgage sector, may also be due BEIRUT, July 6--Whether you are squatting sized institutions, and talk of a general ne.­ on the bare ground sipping tea in the teem­ tionWide increase faded as the week pro­ to increase. This would mean, of course, higher costs on the purchase of new homes. ing Shtila. Palestinian refugee ca.mp on the gressed. However, the odds still aeem to favor outskirts of Beirut or sitting in a tastefully a .broad increase in this key lending rate Some sQurces expect that an increase in the F.H.A.-V.A. interest rate, which now appointed dining room having a multicourse before very long. lunch With a Palestinian professional man in The New York Times Weekly Index of stands a.t 7 per cent, will be forthcoming soon, even though the Government recently Ramalla.h, in Jordan's occupied West Bank, Business Activity rose to 379.9 from 351.6 a you hear the same theme: week earlier. A year ago it was 359.9 (revised). rejected suggestions for such action. In some parts of the country, there has already been "We feel like strangers." The folloWing tables gives the index and In countless conversations throughout the its components, ea.ch of which has been a move to increase the number of "points" charged by lenders for making mortgage Arab world-across North Africa., in Lebanon, adjusted to reflect the long term and seasonal Jordan, Syria, Israeli-occupied territory and variations: loans. The stock market's sharp decline on Friday the Persian Gulf-Palestinians say the same pushed the leading market averages last week thing. Broadly they nourish the hope of returning June 12, June 5, June 13, to their sharpest losses since the final week 1971 1971 1970 of June a. ye~ ago. to their former homes in what is now Israel The market's recent consolidation was ac­ or under Israeli occupation, though few ap­ celerated as Wall Street showed increasing pear to really want to go back to live in a Combined index ______379. 9 351. 6 1359. 9 country where Jews are in the majority. 7 weeks moving average __ __ _ 362. 0 358.6 1354. 0 ooncem about the interest-rate picture and Miscellaneous loadings __• • _. 109. 8 99. 0 112. 5 the economy's sluggish pace. Its downward But they feel uncomfortable, restricted Other loadings ______50. 3 44.8 51. 5 course was accelerated as it slid below 900 and, in some cases used as a political football Steel. .•....•••••...•. •. ••• 174.6 177. 8 169. 9 in the countries where they live, whether Electric power______696. 2 635. 0 648.2 in the Dow-Jones index for the first time in Paperboard •• _._ •... _•.. __ . 513.6 508.8 509.8 three months. it is Lebanon, Syria or Jordan. Lumber ______.... _.• _• ••.•• 100. 9 84. 9 86. 5 The Dow barometer closed the week a.t The way Palestinians feel today is the re­ 889.16, shoWing a net loss Of 27.31 points. sult of a. melange of factors-their attach­ The New York Times combined average fell ment to the area of land called Palestine 1 Revised. 13.46 to 527.21; the Standard & Poor's 500- during the British mandate that ended May Nevertheless, the market gained new buoy­ stock index declined 2.10 to 98.97, and the 15, 1948, when Israel we.s created; the circum­ ancy after the Treasury announced a $4- New York Stock Exchange composite was stances of their leaving their homes; their blllion financing on Wednesday. To some ex­ down 1.17 to 54.63. experiences since then; the 1967 Arab-Israeli perienced. bond dealers this appeared. to Stocks that lost ground totaled 1,311 is- war, and the intense political propaganda

48-059 0 - 72 - p t. 19 - 18 (

24706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 they've been subjected to about their own how it feels. By what right do they live "There were the same scenes of people situation and about Israel. there?" leaving, frightened and uncertain." In the past six weeks, I asked more than The way the Palestinians feel about Israelis Between Nov. 29, 1947, when the United 100 Palestinian Arabs scattered over several ls also an element in the story. Most Pales­ Nations voted to partition the British man­ countries: "Why do you consider yourself a tinians, when asked, will say they bear no date of Palestine into Jewish and Arab sec­ Palestinian?" Here are some typical answers: feelings towards Jews as such, but only to­ tors and riots erupted throughout the man­ "I was born in Palestine," said one pro­ ward adherents of Zionism calling for a Jew­ date, and July 20, 1949, when the Syrian­ fessional woman in Ramallah, a town of 40,- ish nation in Palestine at the expense of the Israeli armistice agreement was signed end­ 000 on Jordan's occupied West Bank. "My Arabs who lived there. ing 14 months of Arab-Israeli warfare, an mother and father were born here and their Yet there ls considerable anti-Jewish feel­ estimated 729,000 Arabs left what is now parents before them." ing. For example, you hear the word "Jew" Israel. "Why do you consider yourself an Ameri­ rather than "Israeli" when talking about a Most ended up on the West Bank of the can?" asked a senior civil servant in Abu Jewish citizen of Israel. Jordan while others went to Gaza, Lebanon Dhabi, who has been in that oil-producing Both Palestinian Arabs and Israelis who and Syria. sheikdom in the Persian Gulf for the la.st lived in Palestine during the mandate say Of those who left, about 600,000 were five years. "I was born in Jerusalem and I that at the turn of the century there was share-croppers, itinerant farmers or un­ feel it is my home." little religious or racial con:fllct between the skilled laborers. They lost either their homes A 34-year-old journalist in Beirut: "I was two communities. Many Arabs and Jews were or jobs or both. born in Haifa, Palestine, and I was forced neighbors and friends and it was not uncom­ They moved into emergency camps set up to leave and I cannot go back." Hadfa. is now mon for both to speak ea.ch other's language. by various international services organiza­ Israel's main port on the Mediterranean Sea.. But as the index of Zionism caught on in tions until 1949 when the United Nations While it is difficult to determine how Europe and Jewish immigration increased Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian strong this attachment is simply by asking in Palestine, the Arabs began to feel threat­ refugees (UNRWA) was created. the question "Why do you feel Palestinian?", ened and communal attitudes became more Since then, the number of refugees has any American journalist would probably get sharply defined. doubled to 1.4 million, according to U.N. the same answer because the Palestinian A similar phenomenon occurred in Iraq, figures. The total number of Palestinian question is such a hot political issue in the Syria and Egypt where there were large Jew­ Arabs--those who were born in the area of Middle East. ish communities. the former mandate and their offspring-is However, the casual question "where a.re As the Zionist campaign to establish a estimated at 2.7 million, nearly as large as you from?" asked in Arabic on meeting a Pal­ Jewish nation in Palestine reached a ere:. Israel's population of 2.8 million and larger estinian will bring the answer Haifa, Jaffa scendo in 1947, the two communities in Pales­ than Jordan's 2.2 million. or Lydda rather than Beirut, Amman or tine were ripe for violence. If the creation of Israel caused the refogee Damascus even though the persons have been I asked Palestinians if the wholesale problem, the actions of the Arab countries livinG in those Arab cities for the past 22 slaughter of millions of Jews during World have kept it a.live as a polltica.I issue and years. War II made a difference when they con­ in some oase made the condition worse. HOW rr STARTED sidered their own grievances. After the 1948 war that ended with the It was in 1947, when the United Nations "I am deeply sorry for what happened to establishment of Israel, Egypt became the voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and the Jews in Europe," one lawyer said. "But administering power in Gaza. Arab sectors, and in 1948, when Israel was that does not give them the right to cause It was Egyptian policy to conduct a pro­ declared a state that the bullt of the more pain to me and force me to leave my home gram of political indoctrination. "In the than 700,000 Arabs became refugees. That in Palestine." schools every morning, students used to number has swelled to an estimated 1.4 "What on earth can justify a Jew coming pledge allegiance to the Egyptian and Pales­ million today. from Russia to live in Palestine and we who tinian flag and would end the recitation with According to interviews with Palestinians were born here have no right to live in a vow to recover Palestine,•' said Gaza. who lived there during the bitter communal Palestine," said a professional woman living resident. riots and civil war and later when Arab on the West Bank. "Who can accept that?" CROWDED CONDITIONS The Palestinian Arab,- like many other armies invaded Israel after May 15, 1948, and In the narrow strip of land about 25 miles reading the historical record, there was an Arabs in the Middle East, sees himself as the long and about four miles wide are packed atmosphere of turmoil and fear throughout victim of a world-wide "Jewish" or "Zion­ 453,000 Palestinians under Israeli adminis­ Palestine. ist conspiracy." They talk of the "Zionist" or "Jewish"­ tration since the 1967 war. That comes out Arab vUlages were not as well defended as to a.bout 3,235 persons a square mile, second Jewish settlements and the Jewish paramili­ controlled press throughout the world that only to Mona.co in density. tary units were better trained and armed. refuses to print stories a.bout the plight of the Palestinians. Of the 1.4 million refugees UNRWA says There were atrocdties on both sides, but the a.re on its rolls, nearly a half million live in one most frequently cited by Arabs occurred SYMBOL OF DEFEAT camps such as the Beach Camp in Gaza. in April 1948 when a group of Jewish ter­ Another factor is that because Palestin­ In the Bea.ch Camp for a total population rorists massacred 350 Arabs, ha.If of them ians a.re a symbol of the defeat of Arab arm­ of 33,250 there are 414 outdoor toilets, con­ women and children in the village of Dier ies in 1948, Arab governments have used the structed of corrugated meta.I over a concrete Yassin, near Jerusalem. resistence of the refugees, often cynically, platform with an oval hole lea.ding to a pit. Stories of other atrociti~real or imag­ as a political issue. There is no flushing facility. ined-spread among the Arab population. In Egypt, for example, the late President There a.re 47 water· collection points, with The Arabs were getting the worst of the Nasser rarely gave a speech that did not dwell a total of 125 tips to serve the entire popula­ civil war and word spread that it would be on the Palestinian issue as the outstanding tion, according to U.N. officials. safer to leave temporarily until the shoot­ problem the Arabs had with Israel. This re­ Scattered throughout the camp are 89 gar• ing ended. mained so until 1956, when Israel occupied ba.ge collection bins. "We try to empty them The bulk of the Arabs left by foot, carry­ Sinai, when for Egypt the main item was every day," said a. UNRWA spokesman. But ing with them what they could on their back to get the Israelis to withdrf'.w. And now each bin I saw was overflowing. or on carts. · since 1967, Syria, and Jordan along with NOT LIKE WELFARE Since then, the Palestinians have been Egypt have their territory occupied, pushing like unsettled ballast in the keel of a ship the Palestinian issue back to second place. Long-time UNRWA officials say that the on stormy seas. Because of their unsettled But while expressing solidarity with the Palestinian refugee 1s not comparable to a status, their anger and hope of return, they Palestinians, Egyptian security officers kept person on welfare in the West. have been susceptible to political appeals a close watch on Gaza. refugees and permitted "Unlike the relief recipient in the United from many sources. only a small and carefully screened number States or England, the Palestinian refugee In order to understand this, it is necessary to enter Egypt. does not attribute his condition to his own to examine how after 23 years the Palestinian In Lebanon also security forces kept con­ shortcomings or bad breaks," one UNRWA issue has stayed a.live. There are four prin­ trol of Palestinian movements throughout source said. cipal factors. the country. "They feel that what UNRWA gives them Perhaps the most important reason ls the In Jordan there has been chronic trouble is only a small part of what is due from the nature of the Palestinians themselves. The between the East Bank where the bedouins international community who they blame for refugee population has doubled in the 23 dominate and the Palestinians, who feel they their condition. And the 22 pounds of flour years. They feel they were expelled from are better educated than the East Bankers a month and a cholera shot doesn't begin to their homes by force and hence they have whom they consider backward. meet their real needs. an outstanding claim. Property owners have But it was the 1967 Arab-Israeli war that "They don't feel grateful," he said. "On not been compensated and they feel deprived has had the greatest recent impact on the the contrary they feel much, much more and humiliated. Palestinians. "The six-day war was 1948 all is due." An Arab who lives in Ea.st Jerusalem and over again for us," explains an Amman busi­ What the congested conditions of the who since 1967 has visited his former resi­ nessman and former resident of Jericho, a camps does produce over a lifetime, observers dence in Jaffa said: "It breaks my heart to town that was virtually abandoned when say, is a volatile blend of bitterness "that ex­ see my house with strangers living there and the Israelis occupied Jordan up to the West presses itself in intense anti-Western feel­ I'm not allowed to go back. I can't describe Bank of the Jordan River. ing." July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24707

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS Ironically, the one that has received the Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Ghas­ For the past several years UNRWA has had most attention-the guerrllla.s as a para-mlli­ san Ka.nafani, says that the main purpose of a series of financial crises. Currently the tary force against Israel-has been the least guerrilla airline hijackings and bombings in agency has more than a $85 million deficit. effective, according to analysis. Even many Europe is to dramatize the plight of the Pal­ If there were to be any cuts in services guerrilla leaders will say privately that the estinians in the Middle Ea.st. they would probably be in education, which guerillas have never been more than a token Not all Palestinians endorse such terror is a highly popular program. threat to the Jewish state. tactics, but there was genera.I agreement at Some observers said even a slight cutting Israel has a. highly professional, well­ the time that they started such acts did Of eduoation services would increase the pool equipped army, and excellent defenses in the draw world attention to the issue. of men that might be susceptible to radical Jordan valley and northern Israel, the area in The pa.rent organization for nearly all political ideas. which the guerrillas usually operate. When Palestinian political activity is the Palestine Many Palestinian employes of UNRWA guerrillas try to infiltrate they are detected Liberation Organization (PLO) that is head­ have joined the guerrilla movement, partic­ by electronic devices and helicopter-borne ed by Yasser Arafat, who is chairman of the ularly Fatah. troops intercept them, usually inflicting high executive committee. Arafat is also head of Frequent guerrilla attacks and bombings ln casualties. Fa.tab, one of the groups making up the PLO. Gaza have resulted in numerous Arab deaths Also the guerrillas are fragmented into at The PLO, which was formed in 1964, is since the war. The guerrillas attack other least 10 major organizations that have never recognized by the 14-na.tion Arab League as Arabs to discourage Gaza residents from established urui.form training or operation the political organization that represent.s all working in Israel. tactics. The publicity photographs that show Palestinians. When Arafat travels, whether In Lebanon, guerrilla organizations are ln guerrillas in training jumping over burning to an Arab summit meeting or outside the effective control of most of the 15 refugee automobile tires and carrying automatic Middle Ea.st, it is as head of the PLO. camps and use seven UNRWA buildings in rifies is quite different from engaging in a. The PLO has offices in every Arab ca.pita.I,· camps fo:- organizing activities. fire-fight where real bullets are used. several in western Europe and in New York. But an UNRWA spokesman insists that the When they were crossing the Jordan River Most of the propaganda activities a.broad organization has no official contact with before the Jordan civil wa.r, for example, the consist of giving lectures and distributing Fatah. "They have power but no official status number of guerrillas killed or captured by literature. as far as UNRWA is concerned," he said. Israel was often as high as nine out of ten. The main policy making body of the PLO Many guerrillas never ma.de it across the is the Palestine National council, whose river because they did not know how to swim. membership has been recently expanded to PALESTINIANS CHART SEPARATE COURSE Until the civil war last September, when (By Jesse W. Lewis, Jr.) 151 delegates. It is currently meeting in King Hussein reestablished his authority, the Cairo. AMMAN, July 8-An attractive Palestinian guerrillas were a. powerful political force Palestinians living on the West Bank and woman who works for the United Nations within Jordan. In June, 1970 for example the here in Jordan spends most of her free time-­ guerrillas forced the king to fire his army in Gaza under Israel occupation, however, and some of her working hours as well-ar­ chief of staff and other senior army officers, feel that the PLO does not always reflect ranging for public relations activities for one of whom was the king's cousin. their point of view. the guerrilla movement. But since the wa.r in Jordan, the guerril­ "But," as one West Bank lawyer put it. Outside Beirut, in a make-shift hospital la's power has been severely curbed. There "the PLO is the only group we have until we an 18-year-old Palestinian boy who was born are no longer armed guerrilla. patrols in get something better." in a refugee camp recuperates from injuries downtown Amman nor guerrllla. bases in the he said he received on a guerrilla raid into city. Moot of the guerrillas are restricted to PALESTINIANS ARE DIVIDED ON SoLUTION Israel across the Lebanese border. His left leg the desolate hills around Jera.sh and Ajloun, (By Jesse W. Lewis Jr.) was amputated. in North Jordan. · BEIRUT.-"If I want to be an extremist, I In Kuwait, a Palestinian businessman di­ EASIER ACCESS will say that the whole of Palestine is my vides his 18-hour working day between op­ Many of their forces have shifted to Leb­ land. Maybe this is the feeling of most erating his firm and acting as a liaison offi­ Palestinians," said a Ra.mallah professional cer for Fa.tah, the largest Palestinian guer­ anon, where they have easier access to Israel across Lebanon's southern border. This ac­ man. rilla organization. "But as a. practical matter, the partition of These are just three Palestinians living in cess is tacitly permitted by an agreement signed in November, 1969, by Yasser Arafat, 1947 or a. modification of the partition plan dUierent parts of the Arab world who are whereby every Palestinian would have the deeply involved in the Palestinian nationalist leader of Fa.tab, and the then Lebanese army commander. right of return and those who choose not to movement, a movement that was dormant return would be oompensa.ted.-I think that until the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. But the key to the guerrillas appeal and political power in Jordan and Lebanon is would be acceptable." NEW WAVE OF REFUGEES that Palestinians form a. sizable pa.rt of This is just one Palestinian 's view in the The war produced a new wave of refugees the population in those countries. midst of many conflicting opinions of how the from Jordan's West Bank and Syria's Golan In the non-occupied part of Jordan, there 23-yea.r-old Palestinian problem can be Heights that were occupied by Israel. This a.re an estimated 700,000 Palestinians of a solved. Because they have been soa.ttered produced a. general fe_eling among Palestin­ total population of 1.3 million. And in Leba­ across the Middle East and had different ians that Arab governments were unable to non, there are approximately 350,000 Pales­ experiences under cli1Ierent Arab gove~­ protect them and they decided to try to tinians out of a total of 2.7 mlllion. ments they have dUierent ideas on what is an guJ.de their own future. -A closer examination of the Palestinians in acceptable settlement. Since then the movement has attracted Lebanon illustrates their force. When The guerrill.86 will say they will accept the active help or the imagination of most United States Secretary of State William nothing less than to "de-Zionize"--or end of the estimated 2.7 million Palestinians. Rogers visited Lebanon la.st May, one of the the exclusive Jewish na·ture of-the former One key reason for this militancy is the considerations in planning the route of his mandate of Palestine which is now controlled youth of the Palestinian population and the motorcade was that it had to pass within by Israel. high ratio of literacy and educated Pales­ yards of several Palestinian refugee camps Most Palestini61llS feel they have an out­ tinians. An estimated 50 per cent of Pales­ that straddle the main access to Beirut's standing, unsettled claim against Israel and tinians are under 15. international airport. the world still owes them something because Not all Palestinians a.re as involved as the Only after Lebanese authorities worked out it recognized the Jewish state of Israel in United Nations employe, the wounded guer­ 1948, giving a. de Jure stamp to their status rilla or the Kuwaiti businessman. an agreement with guerrilla. leaders did American security officials give the green as refugees. More typical may be the Palestinian pro­ light for Rogers to travel by car. Before considering possible solutions to fessor at the American University of Beirut the Pa.lestl.nia.n problem a few basic ele­ who occasionally attends "skull sessions" to 15 CAMPS IN LEBANON ments must be discussed. discuss Palestinian political strategy. Or the There are 15 Palestinian refugee camps in First, there does not appear to be a.ny one Pa.lestinian shipyard worker in Goteberg, Lebanon containing 90,000 persons. Six proposal for a solution that commands the Sweden, who sends part of his salary t.o the camps are a.round the capital, Beirut, while approval of a majority of the Palestinians guerrilla movement fund in Beirut. others are located around the major cities of themselves. And, if there is one, there is AR.MS MULTIRACIAL STATE Sidon and Tyre, in the south, and Tripoli, in no way of determining that a. majority sup­ The arm of the Palestine nationalist move­ northern Lebanon. port it. ment, as outlined in the "Palestine national In October and November 1969, Lebanon "The difficulty with any proposal," says charter," is to establish a multiracial state in hovered on the brink of civil war because the Hamdi ca.na.a.n, a businessman and political the former mandate area of Palestine, in army used force to try to curtail guerrilla. leader in the West Bank town of Na.blus, "is which Arabs and Jew would live. activities. that Palestinians cannot meet to discuss their To do this, the movement has tried Perhaps the most successful aspect of the future." through propaganda. and through much less revived Palestinian movement has been to The guerrilla movement, for example, calls effective guerrilla tactics to press its case. force world attention toward the 23-year-old for the establishment of a. multi-racial demo­ There are several aspects to the Palestin­ Palestinian problem. cratic state in which Ara.bs and Jews would ian nationalist movement. The spokesmen for the Radical Popular live. 24708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 12, 1971 For most Palestinians this may be an ideal, "There are too many questions unan­ tration." This, of course, means that the solution, but not a very practical or likely swered," one diplomat said. "What's going to Federal Government is now in effect tell­ one. be the future of Jerusalem, which ls an in­ In general, the guerrilla. solution, which tegral part of the Palestinian issue? What's ing individuals at the most basic gov­ is to be achieved by armed struggle, appeals going to be the future of the West Bank? Of ernmental level how their towns and to the young refugee camp-dweller, the Gaza? Only t he Israelis can answer these communities are to be organized. And young educated Palestinian and a group of questions. this coercion, as Robert L. Carter, presi­ racial intellectuals, most of whom live in "It is generally accepted, however," he said, dent of the National Committee Against Beirut. "th.alt if you get some kind of pragmatic po­ Discrimination in Housing, points out, is But the middle-class Palestlnia.ns--the litical settlement in the Middle East It would backed up by the threat that "a local group that has traditionally supplied the create an atmosphere that would make pos­ political leadership-would in general, rath­ sible th& solution of the Palestinian question. community which refuses federally sub­ er have the right to return, choose not to "But in order t o begin to solve it, UNRWA sidized low-income housing is going to and accept compensation for their lost prop­ (U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine get cut off from other types of Federal erty and continue their lives in peace. Refugees) would have to be restructured by aid." "If given the choice, I wouldn't go back to a new mandate from the General Assembly, A confirmation of this interpretation Jaffa because its a Jewlsh city," said one perhaps a new name-change it from a care­ came when Secretary Romney an­ Palestinian, now living in Jerusalem. "But it's taker agency to an organization With the nounced that a similar policy would be my right. Whether I use it or not is up to me. muscle t o solve the problem. I know Jaffa as an Arab city. I want to live "The ideal t ime to do this is t his fall when implemented with regard to water and in an Arab environment." UNRWA's mandate is up for another three sewer grant programs. A second basic element is that any solution year renewal. But something has to be done," Among other things these further to the Palestinian problem must be ac­ he said. "guidelines" require sponsors of subdi­ ceptable to the Arab countries on Israel's "Circumstances just won't allow the Pales­ visions, multifamily projects, and mobile fringe as well as to the Palestinians. This is tinians to continue like this for another 23 home courts of 25 or more units~ a key element because the future of the re­ years." fugees that now live in Lebanon, Syria, Jor­ (a) Carry out an amrmative program to at­ dan and Gaza is of crucial importance to tract applicants of all races, including the requirement that all advertising carry either those countries. "ACTIVIST" OPEN HOUSING A solution, for example, that does not pro­ the HUD-approved Equal Housing Oppor­ vide funds and training for the smooth tran­ tunity logo or slogan and that all advertis­ sition from dependent refugees to produc­ HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ ing depicting persons shji.ll depict persons of tive persons for the 176,000 Palestinians re­ majority and minority races. (b) Maintain a fugees, the majority of whom are Moslems, OF CALIFORNIA nondiscriminatory hiring policy in recruit· now living in Lebanon would create severe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ing from both minority and majority races for staff engaged in the sale or rental of strains on Lebanon's economy and polltical­ Monday, July 12, 1971 rellglous balance. properties, ( c) Specifically solicit eligible Lebanon's political system is delicately bal­ Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, the Fed­ buyers or tenants reported to the sponsor by anced between Christians and Moslems. eral Government has recently taken HUD area or insuring offices. In Ea.st Jordan, there a.re 700,000 Palesti­ steps to assure itself even more control Indeed, this does represent a "more ac­ nians, more than half of the population of over local and individual private prop­ tivist" housing policy. The Federa_l Gov­ 1.3 million. The Palestinian populations of erty rights. both the West Bank and East Jordan total ernment, by threat of withholding our 1.35 million, or about two-thirds of Jordan's The administration "open housing" own tax moneys from us at the local level, inhabitants. policy is unfolding as "more activist" is coming to dictate not only a commu­ Such statistics illustrate another dimen­ than previously believed according to nity's organization and distribution, but sion of the conflict between the regime of Father Theodore M. Hesburgh, Chair­ also who must be solicited for housing King Hussein and Palestinian guerrllias. man of the U.S. Civil Rights Commis­ sales, how housing must be advertised Many Palestinians, even though they enjoy sion. Father Hesburgh added that he and even the composition of sales staffs. citizenship under Hussein, feel they are not "liked what we heard." He was referring represented in relation to their numbers in Recent developments in the 35th Con­ Jordan. to President Nixon's 8,000-word open gressional District toward expansion of In short, as long as the Palestinian problem housing statement issued earlier this low-income housing financed by the Fed­ ls outstanding in the Middle Ea.st, there will month. eral Government makes one wonder at be cause for war With Israel and domestic Immediately following the Presiden­ the political masochism of the admin­ confilct in Jordan and Lebanon. tial message, the Justice Department istration with reference to its coercive ac­ It was the cause of last September's civil fl.led a suit against Black Jack, Mo.-a tivities in what has been one of its most war in Jordan, and it nearly brought on a St. Louis suburb-which charged that civil war in Lebanon in October, 1969. powerful strongholds. What, then, can be done? community with racial discrimination by "I think of one solution and that ls one restrictively rezoning land. based on self-determination under a free It soon became apparent that the Fed­ plebiscite, a referendum, that is 100 per cent eral Government intends to bring heavy THE SIGHTS OF SUMMER free and supervised by the United Nations pressures to bear against any local com­ . . . to ask each Palestinian what he wants. munity not toeing the line as dictated Just ask what he wants," said Mahmoud Abu by the national bureaucracy. GSA Ad­ HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES Zalaf a Palestinian who edits "a.I Quds", an OF FLORIDA Ea.st Jerusalem Arabic daily. ministrator Robert L. Kunzig announced "Palestinians have been prevented from that his agency would cooperate with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thinking freely for years," he said, "because Department of Housing and Urban De­ Monday, July 12, 1971 of political terror, occupation, restrictions velopment in investigating all prospec­ and lack of mature political leaders and po­ tive sites for both public buildings and Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, those who litical guidance." leased spaces. If low and moderate hous­ love good writing will enjoy an article This ls the only answer that approached ing on a nondiscrimmatory basis was entitled "Sights of Swnmer." It is by something of a consensus. Almost Without Tom Bell, who writes for the Pensacola exception, Palestinians said they wanted the found to be inadequate in a community, it could be ruled out as a site not only News Journal. Those who read his work opportunity to express themselves as Pales­ will attest to the skill with which he tinians. No one, however, could be sure what for Federal low-income housing assist­ portrays the sights and sounds of sum­ the result of such a referendum would be. ance, but for other types of Federal There is also general recognition that there building as well. mer. It is well worth reading. I include cannot be a solution to the Palestinian prob­ HUD Secretary George Romney an­ it in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at this lem before there is progress toward an over­ nounced further that HUD personnel point: all settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict. will use new checklists to rate proposed SIGHS OF SUMMER Harb Ha.rb. a city council member in Ram­ projects as "superior," "adequate," or (By Tom Bell) a.llah, put it this way: "Our problem wm be Sights and sounds of Summer . solved when the whole Arab-Israeli problem "poor." Romney said that a key item on Epitomized for West Florida by the moss­ ls solved." the check.list would be "nondiscrimina­ festooned live oak under which the fledging Most feel it is premature to talk about a tory location." "A proposed project,'' he Florida Legislature met in the 1820s. solution until the Middle East is further disclosed, "will earn a 'superior' rating if Epitomized by barefoot boys, who, shirt­ down the road to peace as a whole. it is outside an area of minority concen- sleeved climb to the protecting bower of July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24709 branches spreading from its giant bole . . . all the States and the District of Colum­ You will note .a special section for new a pirate's lair . . . a white-sailed tall ship. bia. The association speaks for nearly voters. It ts tmportant the.t I know the think­ Sights and sounds of Summer. 18,000 eye-care practitioners, and is the ing of the 18 to 21 year olds who will be Surf on the beach. Sound and sights and third largest independent health care voting for the first tlJne. smells ... aroma acrid from charring meat Do you s.uppol't ~ on coals . . . the faint spice of crabs boiling profession in the country. It is significant 1. Federal ~venue Sharing WLth the on driftwood fire ... the full moon a silver to note that optometry provides over 70 States? crescent, then, medallion-like, full-blown as percent of the routine eye care in the · 2. The President·~ trQOp Withdrawal pro­ it rises above high-piled clouds above the United States today. gram in Vietnam?" Gulf. The American Optometric Association 3. Th°" United States e~dmg diplomatic Sights of Summer . . . has shown great foresight by electing Dr. arut trade relations with Q>pimunlst China? The aged, resting on park benches . . . Hopping as its president. He has repeat­ 4. The est&blisbment Of e. National Health resting after years of toil . . . gnarled hands Insurance Program? now idle, searching bird-like for occupation. edly exhibited his exceptional dedication 5. A Ooruitituttonal. .Amendlnent wh4ch Forest and glade . . . broad fields of grass, in both civic and professional matters. would allow prayer in the public schools? corn, beans and melons . . . all hung, sus­ He has been elected "Outstanding Young 6. Pollutl.on control le.gisla.tton if it would pended in the heat of noon sun, a ball of fire Man of the Year" by the Dayton Junior mean paying higher income taxes? but momentarily pausing high above the Chamber of Commerce; one of the Ten 7. The new Postal Corpo:m.tion? land on transit from dawn to dusk. Outstanding Young Men of Ohio; and 8. The concept o'f; an all '\'olunteer army? Mullet nets drying in the sun . . . seine honored by his own State professional boats on the shore. Association as "Outstanding Optometrist The sounds of Summer . . . The scrape of metal on wood as fishermen of the Year." He has been an active member on the board of directors of the JOEL CARLSON DEScRIBES RE­ rid the boats of Winter's accumulation . . . PRESSION IN SOUTH AFRICA fresh-paint smell, and oakum. Council for Retarded Children, Big Gentle breezes that can whip to hurricane Brother Association, the Montgomery force, impelled by nature in the tropics. County Mental Health Hygiene Associa­ Hott JOHN BRADEMAS The sights of Summer . . . tion, and the YWCA Building Fund. -OF. INJ>L\NA Gold gushing from the spout as new oats At the age of 36, Dr. Hopping served IN' THE Hovsa OF li:EPRESENTATIVES are blown from the combine. The sheen o! as president of the Ohio Optometric As­ gold from sun on wheat stubble. Manda.11, July 12, 1971 Youths, sunfreckles painted across their sociation, from 1964-65. During his term, faces, rushing to be the first in the surf . . . Dr. Hopping demonstrated unusual in­ Mr. BRA.DEMAS. Mr. Speaker, earlier mothers languid in the sun as their sons' sight, loyalty, and maturity for someone this year Joel Carlson left South Africa race for the water. so young. He provided his association after serving !or more than a decade as Summer ... with positive direction and initiative. one of the leading civil rights lawyers Day starts with fresh cooling wind from It is with this same motivation that Dr. for black. South Afrteans. Gulf before the sun, roseate below the hori­ Hopping has become president of the zon, tirings full light to give the day progres­ A South African citiZen, Mr. Carlson sive heat. American Optometric Association, I can humbly described his work there as re­ Long days, becoming shorter as the sun foresee nothing less than the same drive acting "as any civilized person would continues on its orbit South, toward Winter. and vigor that has so much character­ respond." But his actiVities in defense But the sights and sounds . . . and smells ized his earlier career accompanying him of victims of diserimina.tory laws are of Summer. to his new position. testimony to his great commitment to Long llnes of cars, bumper to bumper, I am delighted to have this OPPortunity progressing slowly from beach to home . . . hwnan rights in tha.t troubled nation. to congratulate Dr. Hopping, honor his Mr. Speaker, in cooperation with the tired, hot parents ... irritated youngsters association, and extend my best wishes ... all driving into the Summer sun ... Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights the end of a long Summer day. for the continued success of his efforts to Under Law, Mr. Carlson represented 37 But Summer ls more. Summer . . . the provide an outstanding primary health South West Africans in the first case ultimate season when the earth produces care service. He is a credit to my district, nnder the notorious ''Terrorism Act." Seeds, germinated in the Spring, produce to our State, and to his profession. He sued the minister of police on behalf their fruit. This ls the harvest time . . . the season when the earth, dormant through of the widow and children of a man who Winter months, gives her bounty to sustain died in police detenti.on following the the world ... QUESTIONNAIRE TO ALL RESIDENTS administration of electric shocks. And . . . all drenched by Summer storm, or OF INDIANA'S FIFTH CONGRES­ last year, he secured the acquittal of 19 bathed in bright blue light. Epitomized . . . SIONAL DISTRICT nonwhite Political defendants who had ... by the sights and sounds and smells been in detention for over a year­ of Summer. mostly in solitary confinement. HON. ELWOOD HILLIS Mr. Carlson, who is now a senior OF INDIANA fellow at the Center for International DR. RICHARD L. HOPPING OF DAY­ Studies, discussed his work and the TON, OHIO, ELECTED PRESIDENT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, July 12, 1971 array of repressive laws he fought in OF THE AMERICAN OPTOMETRIC South Africa in an address before a. joint ASSOCIATION Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, it is very meeting of a section of the American important that Members of Congress Bar Association and the Lawyers Com­ HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. know the thinking of people whom they mittee for Civil Rights Under La.w in OF OHIO represent, therefore, I have sent out a Washington on April 30, 1971. questionnaire to all the residents of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, I believe Mr. carlson's Indiana Fifth Congressional District. It remarks are worth sharing with my col­ Monday, July 12, 1971 is as follows: leagues, and at this. Point I include them Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, it is my DE.AB FELLOW HOOSIERS: I would like for in the RECORD: you to give me your opinions on 11he major distinct honor to acknowledge that Dr. SoUTH AFRICA 1971: "THE SECURlTY OF THE issues tha.t will come before the 92nd Con­ Richard L. Hopping of my district as­ STATE" VERSUS "THE LIBµTY 01' THB INDI­ gress. As your elected representative, it ls VIDUAL''-•'A PRECEDENT'' sumed the presidency of the American my privilege to cast my vote on legislation Optometric Association at its 74th an­ that will atteot our Nation, a.nd each of itB (By Joel CaTlsoll) nual congress in Houston, Tex., on June individuals. Mr. Chatn:na.n, Brothel's in Law, ladies and 27. Dr. Hopping's stature and reputation I hope tha.t you w.1.11 take a few minutes gentlemen: You have both honored and are well known in Dayton and through­ of your time by filling out the questionnaire challenged me by your invitation t.o me t.o out Ohio, and I am personally delighted a.nd mailing it today. I know that a "yes" or address your two august lll-w bodies. It ls an to be able to extend to him my warmest "no" response is d11Hcult, but we in Congress honor which ls more than I deserve, for what congratulations. must use thds method when we vote tor I did in South Afrtca. was to react as any measures on the floor of the House. civilized person would respond, but may I The dimension of Dr. Hopping's honor When the questionnaire has been taibu­ accept the honor gratefully and humbly. It is reflected by the fact that the American lated, the results will be made available to ls a challenge !or you t<> l;l.ave asked me to Optometric Association is a federation of you. If you would like a copy of the results speak to you on the eve of "Law Day" and 51 optometric associations representing please sign your name on the opposite page. South Afri~~ a l~sso~ to teach. It ts a. { (

24710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1.~, 1971 challenge I accept. Let me tell you then of After 20 years of legislation the "Popula­ cate political, social or economic change South Africa today. tion Registration Act No. 29 of 1970," is the where this involves any unlawful act or The Republican Oonstitution Act No. 32 streamlined basis of rigid race discrimina­ omission, whatever the nature of the unlaw­ of 1961 created South Africa a Republic. A tion. In terms of it, every single person alive ful act or omission (Suppression of Commu­ Parliament of 166 white members elected or dead is classified according to race. It is nism Act which creates "Statut::ry Com­ from 4 provinces and from S.W. Africa--now necessary on birth, during life, and on death munism.") called "Na.mibia"--00nstitute a Sovereign for every person to be classified, for on a "It is a crime punishable by death or a Legislature. person's classification flows all his rights and minimum of 5 vears imprisonmPnt. to com­ Out of a population Qlf just under 22,000,- privileges or lack of them. The Act pro­ mit any unlawful act whereby the main­ 000 people, !:?,028,000 whites are permitted to vides that every person shall be issued with tenance of law and order is endangered, any vote to elect members of Parliament. At the a race classification document immediately property damaged, the movement of traffic last election in 1970,-1,493,000 white voters after registration of birth; this replaces the obstructed or the administration of the af­ cast their votes for the white candidates of ola birth certificate. fairs of state embarrassed unless the defense the legally exclusively white parties; 96.5 per­ REGISTRATION PROCESS can prove various listed circumstances. cent of this electorate voted for the contin­ "It is a crime punishable by death or a uance of the present white supremacist soci­ On reaching 16 years of age every person minimum of 5 years imprisonment, to com­ ety while 3.5 percent of this electorate voted is photographed and shall apply for a more mit any act--and here no qualification of for the most moderate change to be made comprehensive document setting out iden­ unlawfulness is present--1! done with intent within the existing framework. Those mod­ tity numbers. This number is part of a code to endanger the maintenance of law and or­ erate conservatives have one member of Par­ which wlll indicate sex, date Of birth, race der, such intent be presumed where the act liament, Helen Suzman, who is elected more classification and citizenship. is likely to have had any one of a number of for her personality than her party policies. For Africans only such documents shall listed results, such as the achievement of register: RETAINING POLICIES any political, social or economic aim-the (a) his district of ord1nary residence cause of financial loss to any person. It is true to say, given the alteration of a. (b) his ethnic group or tribe to which "In order to escape conviction a defend­ detail here or there, that the whole white he is attached ant must prove beyond reasonable doubt he electorate wish the status quo to be main­ ( c) further details concerning his birth did .not intend any of the listed results. tained. {d) his fingerprints These a.re crimes of "Terrorism." The question is: Can it be? In addition provision is made for a "rec­ There are 22 million people in South Africa. ord of voting" for all those who are entitled DEMEANING LABELS and Namibia. but only 2 million have a. voice to vote but this has not yet been promul­ Having classified a person by calllng him in it supreme legislative authority. gated by the State President. Why is there a nasty name "Terrorist" "Communist" I as a lawyer, brought onto the frontiers a delay? Not because of any hesitation on "Subversive" it is easy to deal with him of change, was able to witness the struggle the part of the State to implement the law, and deprive him of all his rights and his between those forces maintaining the status but only because the state has not yet "com­ liberty. quo and the forces urging some real and puterized" all this information it wishes to The law assists too by providing definitions more equitable system of government. As a. keep. Who, I wonder, will be the lucky sup­ of crimes which are va.gue, wide and all result I can tell you something about how plier Qlf this computer-an English firm, an embracing. the status quo is maintained. American one, a French one? I do not know. To assist further the law legislates back­ In examining how this is done we a.re able There are just over 15 mi111on Africans in wards. An act committed in 1962 may have to see what is done. It is necessary there­ South Africa. and Namibia-all classified ac­ been legal then but is now made illegal in fore to appreciate tha.t it serves little to cording to ethnic origin and tribe. Over a ten 1967, e.g. (Sec. 9(1) of the Terrorism Act 83 maintain L:aw and order by such force of year period 8,000,000 of them have been ar­ of 1967. Sec. 23 of the General Law Amend­ law that in the process individual liberty rested and jailed for pass offenses. These ment Act No. 62 of 1966 and others]. and fundamental freedoms are destroyed. "Pass" offenses are crimes nowhere else in The law permits special courts and spe­ In South Africa there is little left or the world. They are crimes relating only to cial procedures providing for instance for funda.menta.l liberty, liberty of the individ­ color of skin-the Blackness of Africans. This the prosecution to join in the same indict­ ual that can be enjoyed. This applies, as in­ is part of the race classification pattern­ ment a. ~ number of charges not necessarily deed it must do, to all the population. Black part of the discrimination based on race. relating to the same offense or arising out and White a.re deprived of their liberties. Every single day, 7 days a week, 365 days of the same transaction against a number In order to uphold, by force Qlf law, the a year, and on Sundays too for this super of persons. Even although the offense ls com­ rule of the Whites and their supremacy, Calvinist regime, a daily average of 2,500 mitted by different persons at different times the5e .rulers ha.ve needed to substitute for Africans are arrested under the Pass Laws in and places and different offenses are com­ the "concept of the fundamental liberty of South Africa: The average time for a case mitted persons may be charged in the same the subject," the "concept of the security is 2 minutes. charge and all tried together. [Sec. 327(1) of the State." The Whites, happy to enjoy MANY ARRESTS and 328 of the Criminal Procedure Act No. their privileges and the highest standard of In Parliament in 1969, a Parliamentarian 56 of 1955. Sec. 5(c) of the Terrorism Act, living anywhere in the world, have accepted was shocked and disclosed that 1,777,662 Sec. 12(6) (a) of the Suppression of Com­ the replacement of "liberty" by "State secu­ Africans had been arrested. But the average munism Act No. 37 of 1963. rity." yearly figure is 750,000. Our prison popula­ The right to bail is removed merely by the To the Courts, to the White public, to all tion on a daily average basis is presently on Attorney General handing in a. certificate authority the use of the magic phrase "this last known figures 90,555, that is 2¥2 times and the Court may then make no inquiries into the matter. constitutes a threat to State security" that Of the United Kingdom which is 38,000. silences all questions and justifies all police Britain population is 55,000,000 which is more The burden of proof is made easy for the State and since 1953 (General Law Amend­ actions. than double that of South Africa's. 47% of ALMOST TOTAL ACQUIESCENCE the world's hangings take place in South ment Act) an accused is more and more fre­ Africa. quently required to prove his innocence and I have seen Bishops accept it when the1r the Court may presume his guilt. Deans are arrested and detained: I ha.ve The degradation of police and of their Furthermore whether the crime is com­ seen lawyers accept it when their brothers victims is an inevitable result. Pass Laws mitted in Los Angeles or Mia.ml the trial can are detained, a.nd editors accept it, as well and their executi001 act like acid corroding be held in Syracuse. as the White public and authority, aocept it, human relationships of society and destroy­ and most unforgiva.ble I have seen judges ing respect for law. The feelings and con­ HEAVY PENALTIES not only accept it but lean over to uphold cern for one another which I believe all men The above 1953 law outlaws organized . the patently unjust and irregular actions of and women have and exhibit in all ol.vilized protest and processions and imposes heavy the executive and police. society is eaten away. fines, imprisonment or whipping or both for It is most unforgivable for judges and law­ Increasingly there are Africans and others any offense "committed by way of protest or yers to accept blindly this concept of "State no longer willing to accept the state of af­ in support of any campaign for the repeal or security" when harsh executive action is fairs in South Africa who seek changes. The modification of any law." [Criminal Pro­ ta.ken. For lawyers are above all the Guard­ State security forces armed by the many cedure Act No. 8 of 1953] ians and watchdogs of our liberty. In looking laws already passed strive to prevent any Thus 354 students, lecturers, churchmen, back at South Africa, my country of birth such change, I say any quite deliberately. and others were arrested and charged under which I dea.rly love, I can tell you how Parliament has designed laws to prohibit the this wide ranging law when they marched in the status quo, the security of the state, bringing a.bout of any political, social or orderly fashion to the main police station in has been maintaJned at the cost of human economic change to the present structure. Johannesburg to protest redetention of "The dignity and liberty. A body of laws exists to deal with such 22" last yea.r. The 22 Africans had been de­ A prerequisite of any examination of South matters and is called "Security Legislation." tained originally over a year earlier as "Ter­ Africa is the apprectatlon that "the Sta.te" It may also b.? called "Regulation Designed rorist detainees." They were then brought to rest squarely on a. concept which featured to Prevent and Outlaw Change." It is a crime Court and charged, not as "Terrorists" but largely in Europe in the thirties and forties­ punishable by death, or by long imprison­ as "Communists." Then in February 1970 that is Race Classification. ment, one year being compulsory, to advo- they were acquitted by the Supreme Court July 12, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24711 when the Attorney General withdrew his they said in fact it wasn't sufficient and ground, electrically shocked after being prosecution. Immediately the Judge left the they needed (b) a.nd (c). Then they said blindfolded, and made to stand endlessly. bench, the Security Police moved in, and in with the knowledge they now had managed It is known that at least 14 detainees have Court, redeta.ined "The 22." to obtain, and their own judgment which died in detention but the figure of 18 has Twelve weeks after their redetention, a.gain was o! course sound and necessary and in substance too. It ls hard to ascertain how under the Terrorism Act, the students after the interest of State security they needed many have died as a result of detention. In­ a meeting at their university spontaneously (d) (e) and (f). They, of course, had to get quest Magistrates have held th11.t at least walked in procession to John Vorster Square. that too. 7 detainees died by "suicidal hangings." They were arrested and charged. Of the 354, Now the position is that the Security One detainee jumped from the 7th fioor 30 were charged and 29 of them pleaded Police are a law unto themselves. Their window of his interrogation room. The Se­ guilty to a municipal by-law contravention a.ctions are the law. curity Police have said others have died as and paid a R50 fine. But as with a.11 those It is the head of the Security Police as it a result of "falling in a shower" or "slipping who show opposition in S.A. the punishment happens who tells the public and all au­ on a piece of soap" or "falling downstairs." did not end with the Court conviction and thority-that in future all political trials The most poignant record of the death sentence. The Security police pursued and will be held in such a place. The Minister of a detainee which speaks for all is the stlll pursue everyone of those marchers. of Justice and the Attorney General listen. statement in Parliament which simply re­ When they apply for passports they are If you are to be punished without trial, cords: called in for questioning. If they need Gov­ the Minister aats on the advice of his Se­ "An unknown man died on an unknown ernment approval for any action-a bursary, curity Police. date of a cause unknown." a grant, a visa, the Security Police interferes. If you a.re to receive a passport or not, or How can the unbridled, power mad Se· The arm of the law ls long and so is its you have your passport withdrawn, it is a curity Police now be controlled. The answer vengeance. matter of security and the Security Police for South Africa a.nd South Africans is not Concerning "The 22," after all the protest, believe this ls necessary so the Minister acts. a.n easy one and it may be that peaceful 19 of them were brought to trial after a If you are to hold a procession or a meet­ ways of change are outdated. further 5 month redetention. 3 had mysteri­ ing it is not the Mayor or the Chief Magis­ But the lesson to be learned is not to ously disappeared, one of these being found trate who must be consulted a.nd finally start on this road to ruin, this self-destroy­ in a mental home. Eventually in Augnst determine the matter-it is referred to the ing plague of arbitrary powers being granted 1970, some 15 months after their detention Security Police and the Mayor or Chief Mag­ to Security Police qr executive authority. and remaining in custody they were retired. istrate acts on the recommendations of the Make everyone subject to the law and equal But with all the powers of the law the inept Security Police. before it. The words of an American Judge Attorney General and his inefficient prosecu­ The Security Police are everywhere and were: tors brought 540 allegations against the same with large secret funds of undisclosed "The history of liberty has largely been accused who had been acquitted in February. amounts, in the Universities, as informers in the history of observances of procedural sa.fe· Of these allegations about 538 were identi­ political parties, as spies, informers in guards." - cal and not even the Judges could help the churches, and everything you say may be It is not new but it must be said again Attorney General and the Security Police in heard. There is telephone tapping and bug­ and again so that it is remembered and finding the di1ferences in allegations which ging and surveillance of people. There are applied. originally said "Accused 1, 2 and 3 consented agent provocateurs, there is intimidation, Lawyers must invoke the protection of to do this and that." The Judge found he warnings, questionings, late night visits, the laws guarding the subjects' liberty. Law­ had no alternative but to throw the new harassments of all kinds. But State Security yers must ensure that the Rule of Law is charge out and did so. ls maintained and police power had gone mad. supreme. Lawyers must be awake to any NEW ARREST ORDERS WIDE POWER threat to liberty. Lawyers must reject all laws which do not observe and provide for This upset the Security Police and on their What is the limit of the power of the Se­ procedural safeguards. suggestion the Justice Minister immediately curity Police? Do they themselves know and Lawyers must ensure that the liberty of issued Banning and House Arrest orders on accept any limit? the individual is upheld under the Rule of all those twice acquitted. They were all Section (6) of the Terrorism Act permits Law. placed under restrictions for 5 years. In addi­ indefinite detention of a person without tion the State lodged an appeal to the high­ trial. est Court in the land and arranged !or an If the Security Police wlll it, such a person MISS LINDA JEAN MOYER CHOSEN expeditious hearing. The 3 Appeal Judges is held in solitary confinement. If the Se­ deliberated long and cautiously but found curity Police require it, he ls held incom­ MISS VIRGINIA that they could only come to one conclu­ municado or allowed visitors, as Security sion. In reality, try as they might they Police decide. HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST could find no difference in the 2 indictments, If Security Police consider it necessary a so in December 1970 they dismissed the detainee may not be allowed to wash or OF VmGINIA Appeal. shave or change his clothing or have eating IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But the 19 were stlll subjected to con­ utensils-it all depends on them. Monday, July 12, 1971 stant hairassmeillt, intimida.tion and persecu­ A detainee may be interrogated endlessly tion and their fa.milles too suffered. or not for months after his detention. Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, it It must be emphasized the.t a.cqui·tta.l does No Court may inquire into or pronounce has long been well known that the State not mean a defendant is free. Despite long upon the validity of any such action taken by of Virginia is grae€d by many lovely periods o! detention and interrogation the the Security Police (Sec. 6(i) of the Terror­ young ladies. Last Saturday evening, it a.c<:used is still considered guilty-guilty in ism Act). the eyes of the Justice Minister. So there is was established that Tidewater Virginia Professor Arthur Larson of Duke University can boast the loveliest of them all. whole practice of "Punishment without attended one trial in Pretoria as observer for charge or trial"-Banning, house arrest, the World Lutheran Federation-the trial of On Saturday evening, July 10, the banishment or indefl.nlte detention. 37 Namibians and said, finals of the Miss Virginia Pageant were Moreover, a man who has been punished "If you pass a statute which gives the po­ held in Roanoke. At that time, Miss after his conviction and sentence-a.nd hav­ Norfolk, Miss Linda Jean Moyer, was ing served his sentence, is punished twice. lice . . . free reign to do almost anything Before such a man, a political prisoner who they please in the way of human rights, and chosen Miss Virginia, and Miss Ports­ serves his full SE:ntence without any remis­ then excuse this by saying that you will of mouth, Miss Katherine Bruce Liebler, course rely on the discretion of the authori­ was named first runner-up. sion and in the harshest maximum security ties not to abuse this power, you have for a.11 conditions. leaves jail he ls served with house practical purposes, thrown away law and Miss Moyer was a first-round win­ arrest or banning orders. Or he may dis­ substituted unlimited personal tyranny." ner in the swimsuit competition, and appear from society into banishment. The It ls not surprising and not unexpected Miss Liebler won in that same round for Security Police never forgets or forgives and that time and again serious allegations have her talent in ballet. They are both young ts ever vengeful of the threats passed to tt by been made of unlawful assaults and torture ladies of warmth, charm, and poise, and anyone. during interrogation. most deserving of the recognition they ENDLESS cmcLE It is not surprising too that the Min­ have received. Miss Moyer will be a junior Yet with a.II these powers the Security ister when called on to investigate declines at Chowan College, and Miss Liebler will Poltce were not satisfied. As a lawyer tn to do so and no judicial enquiry is held. be a sophomore at Old Dominion Uni­ South Africa I saw the Security Police ask TESTIMONY ABOUT TORTURE versity. They aTe a credit to their for a relaxa.tion o! the rule of law to permit Detainees have said on oath that they have schools, their cities, and our Stat.e, and I abelTa'tion (a). Then having been given (a) been stripped naked, suspended above the salute them both.