Enterprising Eurasians
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Singapore's Chinese-Speaking and Their Perspectives on Merger
Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies, Volume 5, 2011-12 南方華裔研究雜志, 第五卷, 2011-12 “Flesh and Bone Reunite as One Body”: Singapore’s Chinese- speaking and their Perspectives on Merger ©2012 Thum Ping Tjin* Abstract Singapore’s Chinese speakers played the determining role in Singapore’s merger with the Federation. Yet the historiography is silent on their perspectives, values, and assumptions. Using contemporary Chinese- language sources, this article argues that in approaching merger, the Chinese were chiefly concerned with livelihoods, education, and citizenship rights; saw themselves as deserving of an equal place in Malaya; conceived of a new, distinctive, multiethnic Malayan identity; and rejected communist ideology. Meanwhile, the leaders of UMNO were intent on preserving their electoral dominance and the special position of Malays in the Federation. Finally, the leaders of the PAP were desperate to retain power and needed the Federation to remove their political opponents. The interaction of these three factors explains the shape, structure, and timing of merger. This article also sheds light on the ambiguity inherent in the transfer of power and the difficulties of national identity formation in a multiethnic state. Keywords: Chinese-language politics in Singapore; History of Malaya; the merger of Singapore and the Federation of Malaya; Decolonisation Introduction Singapore’s merger with the Federation of Malaya is one of the most pivotal events in the country’s history. This process was determined by the ballot box – two general elections, two by-elections, and a referendum on merger in four years. The centrality of the vote to this process meant that Singapore’s Chinese-speaking1 residents, as the vast majority of the colony’s residents, played the determining role. -
The Maintenance of Malaysia's Minority Languages Haja
THE MAINTENANCE OF MALAYSIA’S MINORITY LANGUAGES HAJA MOHIDEEN BIN MOHAMED ALI Department of English Language & Literature International Islamic University Malaysia [email protected] Abstract Malaysia, especially the states of Sabah and Sarawak are home to numerous indigenous languages. According to the Ethnologue Report for Malaysia (2009), Sabah is said to have 52 and Sarawak 46 languages. But among these many languages, many are spoken by a small population. These are in danger of facing extinction due to migration, attitudinal, social, educational and economic factors, mainly. This situation is similar to the many languages which are dying today worldwide. Since the Malay language (Bahasa Malaysia) is a potent force in bringing together the various Bumiputra and Muslim groups, the fate of native languages of these disparate groups is uncertain or worse doomed to die. However, measures by speakers of indigenous languages who comprise a sizeable number, for example, in the case of Sabah, Kadazan, Bajau, Bisaya and Murut languages may still be saved if they are maintained through concerted efforts by the affected communities and if government agencies help to play their part. This paper will discuss the various practical steps that may be undertaken by concerned individuals, the elders and leaders of the target minority communities themselves, language scholars and the state and federal governments to help maintain the minority indigenous languages, with particular emphasis on those from Sabah and Sarawak. Key words- minority language, identity, linguistic diversity, survival, loss Introduction Multilingualism and multiculturalism are indeed assets for a country and its people. The two contribute to the versatility and heterogeneity of a country‟s human landscape. -
A Dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang Finderlist
A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang finderlist PacificLinguistics REFERENCE COpy Not to be removed Baxter, A.N. and De Silva, P. A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) English. PL-564, xxii + 151 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2005. DOI:10.15144/PL-564.cover ©2005 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics 564 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: John Bowden, Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon (Managing Editors), I Wayan Arka, Bethwyn Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Lillian Huang, National Taiwan Normal Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African University Studies -
Learn Thai Language in Malaysia
Learn thai language in malaysia Continue Learning in Japan - Shinjuku Japan Language Research Institute in Japan Briefing Workshop is back. This time we are with Shinjuku of the Japanese Language Institute (SNG) to give a briefing for our students, on learning Japanese in Japan.You will not only learn the language, but you will ... Or nearby, the Thailand- Malaysia border. Almost one million Thai Muslims live in this subregion, which is a belief, and learn how, to grow other (besides rice) crops for which there is a good market; Thai, this term literally means visitor, ASEAN identity, are we there yet? Poll by Thai Tertiary Students ' Sociolinguistic. Views on the ASEAN community. Nussara Waddsorn. The Assumption University usually introduces and offers as a mandatory optional or free optional foreign language course in the state-higher Japanese, German, Spanish and Thai languages of Malaysia. In what part students find it easy or difficult to learn, taking Mandarin READING HABITS AND ATTITUDES OF THAI L2 STUDENTS from MICHAEL JOHN STRAUSS, presented partly to meet the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS (TESOL) I was able to learn Thai with Sukothai, where you can learn a lot about the deep history of Thailand and culture. Be sure to read the guide and learn a little about the story before you go. Also consider visiting neighboring countries like Cambodia, Vietnam and Malaysia. Air LANGUAGE: Thai, English, Bangkok TYPE OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Monarchy CURRENCY: Bath (THB) TIME ZONE: GMT No 7 Thailand invites you to escape into a world of exotic enchantment and excitement, from the Malaysian peninsula. -
Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 8: 7 July 2008
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 8 : 7 July 2008 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. K. Karunakaran, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. Survival of the Minority Kristang Language in Malaysia Haji Mohideen Bin Mohamed Ali, Ph.D. Shamimah Mohideen, M. HSc. 1 Survival of the Minority Kristang Language in Malaysia Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed Ali, Ph.D. Shamimah Mohideen, M.HSc. Abstract Kristang, also known as the Malaccan Portuguese Creole, has a strong influence of Portuguese, together with the Malay language which is the dominant local language in Malaysia and the Malay-speaking region in Southeast Asia. This Creole is spoken by a microscopic minority of Catholic Christians who are descendants of Portuguese colonizers and Asian settlers in Malacca. Malacca was once a historically renowned state and empire which was coveted by major European powers. The Dutch followed the Portuguese and the last were the British. Because of the very small number of Kristang community members (1200) in the present Portuguese Settlement assigned to them by the authorities, the Kristang language is clearly a language struggling to survive. Its vocabulary is largely Portuguese-based, with a substantial contribution from the Malay language. It has also borrowed from the languages of other colonial European powers. Their vocabulary also includes some loan words from Chinese and Indian languages. This minority language may yet be maintained with the fervent effort of the few thousand remaining Kristang speakers and the Malaysian government, particularly the state government of Melaka (or Malacca). -
Kodrah Kristang: the Initiative to Revitalize the Kristang Language in Singapore
Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 19 Documentation and Maintenance of Contact Languages from South Asia to East Asia ed. by Mário Pinharanda-Nunes & Hugo C. Cardoso, pp.35–121 http:/nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/sp19 2 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24906 Kodrah Kristang: The initiative to revitalize the Kristang language in Singapore Kevin Martens Wong National University of Singapore Abstract Kristang is the critically endangered heritage language of the Portuguese-Eurasian community in Singapore and the wider Malayan region, and is spoken by an estimated less than 100 fluent speakers in Singapore. In Singapore, especially, up to 2015, there was almost no known documentation of Kristang, and a declining awareness of its existence, even among the Portuguese-Eurasian community. However, efforts to revitalize Kristang in Singapore under the auspices of the community-based non-profit, multiracial and intergenerational Kodrah Kristang (‘Awaken, Kristang’) initiative since March 2016 appear to have successfully reinvigorated community and public interest in the language; more than 400 individuals, including heritage speakers, children and many people outside the Portuguese-Eurasian community, have joined ongoing free Kodrah Kristang classes, while another 1,400 participated in the inaugural Kristang Language Festival in May 2017, including Singapore’s Deputy Prime Minister and the Portuguese Ambassador to Singapore. Unique features of the initiative include the initiative and its associated Portuguese-Eurasian community being situated in the highly urbanized setting of Singapore, a relatively low reliance on financial support, visible, if cautious positive interest from the Singapore state, a multiracial orientation and set of aims that embrace and move beyond the language’s original community of mainly Portuguese-Eurasian speakers, and, by design, a multiracial youth-led core team. -
A Group of Enthusiasts Are Speaking up for Kristang, One of the Heritage Languages of the Eurasian Community in Singapore and Malaysia
www.eurasians.org.sg JULY - SEPTEMBER 2017 PLUS MAKE EURASIAN HISTORY! The National Archives needs volunteers KRISTANG GETS COOL Our heritage language has its very own celebration SAVING LIVES EVERY DAY Melody Bellido, peri-operative staff nurse MCI (P) 047/04/2017 PATRONS Herman Hochstadt CONTENTS George Yeo TRUSTEES Barry Desker Timothy de Souza Gerald Minjoot Gerard de Silva Judith Prakash Edward D’Silva AUDIT COMMITTEE Boris Link Helen Lee Lim Yih Chyi LEGAL ADVISORY PANEL 09 Carla Barker (Chair) William da Silva AT THE HELM MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE President 03 President’s message Benett Theseira 1st Vice President Alexius Pereira 2nd Vice President NEWS Yvonne Pereira 09 Honorary Secretary 04 A visit from the President of Singapore Angelina Fernandez Honorary Treasurer Making closer ties with Portugal Martin Marini YOUTH EA-inspired book wins top title Committee Members Graham Ong-Webb Think differently – and ace your exams! 05 EA Toastmasters are far from shy and 15 Julia D’Silva retiring 16 Danni Jay has plans to inspire young Christopher Gordon Vincent Schoon Lady Luck smiles on a new baluteer Eurasians SECRETARIAT Get involved in saving our history! 06 General Manager A special present for a loyal Eurasian Lester Low Senior Accountant CULTURE AND HERITAGE Bernadette Soh 17 Teaching the teachers about our Manager (Heritage & Culture) EDUCATION heritage Jacqueline Peeris Manager (Corporate Communications) 07 Youngsters learn the secrets of A Eurasian tour M Revathhi coding Assistant Manager (Casework, FSS) 18 Getting creative with -
A Chan, a Tancareira
INDEX “A Chan, a Tancareira” (Senna Albuquerque, Pedro António de Fernandes), 250 Meneses Noronha de, 73 Abriz, José, 38 Ali, Ha¯jı¯ Muha¯mmad, 73 Abu’l Hasan (sultan), 71 Allen, Charles Herbert, 179 Aceh Almeida, António José de Miranda e, Portuguese conflicts with, 51, 53, 36 57 Almeida, Manuel de, 122 sultan and sultanate of, 50 Almeida, Miguel Vale de, 72–73, 242, adaptation, 4–5, 6, 10, 19, 240, 255 259 Afonso, Inácio Caetano, 35, 37 An Earth-Colored Sea, 259 Africa, 12, 26, 29, 140, 173 Almeida, Teresa da Piedade de Baptista Lusophone, 131, 143, 242, 271 See Devi, Vimala (pseud.) plants from, 33, 34, 39 aloe, 40 Africans, 11, 12, 133, 135, 138, 160, althea, 40 170, 245, 249 Álvares, Gaspar Afonso, 69 See also slaves Amaral, Miguel de, 90 Agualusa, José Eduardo, 261, 265, 270 American Institute of Indian Studies, Um Estranho em Goa, 261–63, 270 xi Fronteiras Perdidas, 265 Ames, Glenn Joseph, xi–xiii “A Nossa Pátria na Malásia”, 270 works by, xiii Aguiar, António de, 86, 89, 97 Amor e Dedinhos de Pé (Senna “Ah Chan, the Tanka Girl” (Senna Fernandes), 247, 250–54 Fernandes) Amorim, Francisco Gomes de, 183 See “A Chan, a Tancareira” An Earth-Colored Sea (Almeida), 259 air forces Anderson, Benedict, 236, 240–41, 255 Royal Air Force, 217 See also imagined communities United States Army Air Forces, Anglo-Asians, 132 Fourteenth Air Force, 215 See also Luso-Asians Ajuda Palace, 36 Anglo-Indians, 134, 139 Albuquerque, Afonso de, 48, 54 and White Australia policy, 143 299 14 Portuguese_1.indd 299 10/31/11 10:17:12 AM 300 Index Anglo-Portuguese -
"Contact, Asia, and the Rethinking of Englishes in Multilingual Ecologies." Research Developments in World Englishes
Lim, Lisa, and Umberto Ansaldo. "Contact, Asia, and the Rethinking of Englishes in Multilingual Ecologies." Research Developments in World Englishes. Ed. Alexander Onysko. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. 73–94. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 30 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350167087.ch-005>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 30 September 2021, 04:56 UTC. Copyright © Alexander Onysko and Contributors 2021. You may share this work for non- commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 5 Contact, Asia, and the Rethinking of Englishes in Multilingual Ecologies Lisa Lim and Umberto Ansaldo 1. Rethinking Contact in World Englishes What warrants this call for a rethinking of contact issues in Englishes in multilingual ecologies? Th e English language has, aft er all, been explicitly recognized as being contact-derived 1 —already from its very beginnings, that is, from the emergence of Old English from the contact of the Germanic dialects; and in the shaping of the language varieties on the British Isles, as a result of contact between Germanic, Celtic, and Romance languages, to give the present-day standardized and non-standardized English dialects (Filppula 2008; Davis 2010; Venneman 2011). Such contact has been foregrounded recently in collections such as that of Schreier and Hundt (2013), and in Onysko (2016), who argues that language contact be considered an underlying mechanism for all Englishes. Even more so then, the statement that world Englishes, as the collection of English varieties around the world, and World Englishes, as the fi eld of research, collectively owe their existence to language contact hardly needs mention nowadays. -
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Statement on Behalf of the People's Action Party Of
1 STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE'S ACTION PARTY OF SINGAPORE MADE AT THE MEETING OF THE BUREAU OF THE SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL HELD IN LONDON ON 28-29 MAY 1976 By C.V. DEVAN NAIR Gentlemen, 1. CREDENTIALS First of all my personal credentials. Together with Lee Kuan Yew and others, I was one of the convenors of the People's Action Party in 1954. I was involved with the anti-colonial struggle, beginning with the Japanese Occupation. When many of my friends of Indian origin were joining Subhas Bose's Japanese-sponsored Indian National Army, I chose to cast my lot with sympathisers of the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), for I could not reconcile the Japanese penchant for head-chopping with the best interests of any people. As a result, in the last six months of the Japanese occupation, I was obliged to hide myself in the jungle. lky/1976/lky0528.doc 2 With the re-occupation, my interest shifted to the great anti- imperialist national liberation movements unleashed by Gandhi and Nehru in India, Mao Tse-tung in China and Soekarno in Indonesia. I joined the Malayan Democratic Union in 1947. I did not know then that it was a communist front organisation. It would not have mattered in any case. For I was then prepared to join forces with anybody at all, as long as they shared the common aim of bringing an end to colonialism. In 1950 I joined the Anti British League, an underground auxiliary of the Malayan Communist Party. I spent a total of five years, in two separate spells, in British prisons. -
Download Programme Booklet
OPENING WORDS FROM FESTIVAL DIRECTOR Teng bong! Nus mutu alegri bolotu ja beng juntah kung nus selebrah primiru Festa di Papia Kristang! As director of Kodrah Kristang — the initiative to revitalise Kristang in Singapore –I’m immensely excited and privileged to welcome you to the Lion City’s first ever Kristang Language Festival. Over the next two days, you can look forward to an exciting range of events showcasing Kristang and Eurasian history, heritage and culture, as well as some of our current and upcoming efforts to bring Kristang to a new generation of Singaporeans and to reach out to many of Singapore’s other constituent communities. On Saturday, join our panels and workshops and gain an in-depth look into the Kristang language and the community that still cherishes it as their own, before enjoying a unique showcase of the very best they have to offer at our Gala Dinner at Hotel Fort Canning. Then, on Sunday, compete for the honour of the Temenggong in The Southern Islands Board Game Competition, or share your perspective at our forum on Kristang and Eurasian identity, before exploring the diverse range of stories and voices on offer at our two signature community events, the Languages of Singapore Trail and Eurasian Stories, and a third panel on what you can do to preserve Singapore’s other community languages. This Festival has been an entirely community-led effort from its very modest beginnings in October 2016, and I have been at many times humbled by the energy and enthusiasm our amazing team of volunteers has put into conceptualising, developing and preparing for this Festival in just 8 short months.