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Jaarboek 1 954/1 JAARBOEK 1954/1 955 Inhoud VOORWOORD 6 ENKELE ALGEMENE GEGEVENS 8 WETENSCHAPPELIJK- EN TECHNISCH PERSONEEL PER 31 DE­ CEMBER 1954 10 ZIEKTEN EN PLAGEN IN 1954 A. Landbouwgewassen 1. Overzicht Algemeen 13 Aardappelen 15 Bieten 19 Erwten 23 Granen 25 Grassen 28 Klaver 29 Koolzaad . 31 Lucerne 31 Lupine 32 Mais 33 Serradella 33 Stambonen 33 Spurrie 34 Veldbonen 34 Vlas 35 2. Waarnemingen en proeven in landbouwgewassen Bestrijding van de Coloradokever 36 Enquête over het optreden van de aardappelziekte 37 Bestrijdingsproeven tegen de aardappelziekte 45 Loofklap-doodspuitproeven bij pootaardappelen 47 Proeven ter bepaling van de schade, veroorzaakt door het rijden met spuitmachines door aardappelgewassen 48 Enige proeven betreffende pukkelschurft 51 Laboratoriumonderzoek naar de vatbaarheid van aardappelzaailingen voor aardappelwratziekte 53 Identificatie van oude aardappelrassen in verband met de bestrijding van de aardappelwratziekte 54 Enige veldproeven betreffende de zg. ABC-ziekte van Eerstelingen 55 Bestrijdingsproeven tegen de bietenvlieg 60 Bestrijding van de bonenvlieg 62 De bestrijding van enige schadelijke insecten in erwten 63 De bestrijding van de karwijmot 65 De bestrijding van koolzaadinsecten 66 Onderzoek naar het voorkomen van roest bij granen 67 Zaaizaadontsmettingsmiddelen 69 1 Enkele waarnemingen over het optreden van engerlingen van de mei­ kever in grasland 72 De bestrijding van emelten 73 De bestrijding van ritnaalden 75 De invloed van een aantal insecticiden op de geur en smaak van aard­ appelen 77 Onkruidbestrijding 78 B. Tuinbouwgewassen 1. Overzicht Algemeen 87 Fruitgewassen 88 Algemeen 88 Appel 92 Peer 98 Abrikoos 100 Perzik 100 Druif 102 Kruisbes 103 Zwarte bes 103 Framboos 103 Braam 106 Aardbei 106 Houtige gewassen 107 Algemeen 107 Els 107 Es 107 Gouden regen 107 Liguster . 108 Populier 108 Roos 108 Sering 109 Spar . : 109 Spiraea 109 Tamarisk 110 Viburnum 110 Wilg 110 Kruidachtige gewassen en houtige kasplanten Algemeen 110 Achillae 111 Anjer 111 Anthurium 112 Aralia 112 Bilbergia 112 Camellia 113 Cineraria 113 Cissus 113 2 Cyclamen 113 Dahlia 114 Dendrobium 114 H remuais 115 Ficus 115 Freesia 115 Gerbera 115 Gladiool 115 Hertshoornvaren 116 Hippeastrum 116 Hyacint 117 Iris 117 Lelie 117 Lelietje der dalen 117 Lobelia 118 Oncidium phalaenopsis 118 Pelargonium 118 Phoenix 118 Primula 119 Ridderspoor 119 Tulp 119 Viooltje 120 Wollig vingerhoedskruid 120 Groenten Algemeen 120 Asperge 121 Augurk en komkommer 121 Kool 123 Koolraap 123 Peen 123 Peterselie 124 Prei 124 Selderie 124 Spinazie 124 Tomaat 124 Ui 125 Witlof 126 2. Waarnemingen en proeven in tuinbouwgewassen Grondmoeheid in de boomkwekerijen en herinplantingsproblemen in de fruitteelt 127 Maatregelen ter bestrijding van de aspergevlieg 128 Proeven ter bestrijding van de aspergeroest 129 Proeven ter bestrijding van de bonenroest 129 Waarnemingen en proeven met betrekking tot de koolgalmug 130 Bestrijdingsproef tegen het wortelknobbelaaltje bij Dahlia 130 Bestrijding van vuur in anemoon 130 Bestrijding van vuur in ranonkel 13 i Bestrijding van aaltjesziekte in tijgerbloemen 132 Reactie van tulpenbollen op begassingen tegen de tulpengalmijt 132 3 C. Diversen 135 ONDERZOEK VAN BESTRIJDINGSMIDDELEN Algemeen 137 Chemisch laboratoriumonderzoek 137 Biologisch laboratoriumonderzoek van fungiciden 137 Biologisch laboratoriumonderzoek van insecticiden, acariciden en mollusciciden 138 Biologisch veldonderzoek 140 Laboratoriumonderzoek van ratten- en muizenbestrijdingsmiddelen 150 Controle op de naleving van de wet op de bestrijdingsmiddelen 151 INSPECTIES VAN IN- EN UITVOERPRODUCTEN A. Overzicht hoeveelheden geïnspecteerd voor uitvoer 154 B. Voorschriften 155 Algemeen 155 Europese landen : 158 Andere landen 162 C. Overzicht zaadinspecties 166 GEWERVELDE DIEREN Ratten- en muizenbestrijding . : 169 Algemeen 169 Bestrijding van de bruine rat 171 Bestrijding van de zwarte rat 172 Bestrijding van de woelrat 172 Bestrijding van de veldmuis 173 Bestrijding van andere muizen 173 Bestrijding van de muskusrat 173 HET VERZAMELEN VAN STATISTISCHE GEGEVENS 175 AFZONDERLIJKE BIJDRAGEN C. F. v. d. Bund Lepidoptera-vangsten, vèrricht met een electro- cutie-vanglamp op het proefterrein van de Plan- tenziektenkundige Dienst te Wageningen ... 177 Dr Ir M. Oostenbrink Over de waardplanten van het bietencystenaal- tje, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt 186 Ir C. N. Silver Resultaten van proeven ter bestrijding van de grote narcisvlieg, Lampetia equestris F., in 1954 194 Dr F. E. Loosjes Laboratorium stuifapparaat 200 Ir P. C. Koek Een nieuwe verwelkingsziekte bij tomaat, ver­ oorzaakt door Pseudomonas solanacearum Smith 205 Ir M. v. d. Vliet De voetziekte van asperge, Fusarium oxyspo- rum (Schi.) Sny. et Hansen 209 Ir A. J. Ophof en Het weigeren van lokaas met Scilla door bruine H. de Vries ratten bij herhaald aanbieden 211 Dr P. M. L. Tammes en Het uitvoeren van zg „op en neer"-proeven of H. de Vries „ladder"-proeven bij onderzoek van vergiften tegen ratten 216 4 Dr A. van Wijngaarden en Zou de Syrische Goudhamster zich in Nederland H. de Vries kunnen vestigen ? 224 P. P. Koks en Oude en nieuwe meldingen van aantasting door Dr Ir M. Oostenbrink wortelknobbelaaltjes, Meloidogyne spp 228 Dr Ir M. Oostenbrink Nematologische waarnemingen I-IV . 231 WETENSCHAPPELIJK- EN TECHNISCH PERSONEEL PER 1 OCTO- Ber 1955 243 ALFABETISCH REGISTER 247 5 Voorwoord Bij onze taak om te waken over de gezondheid van de gewassen, komen ieder jaar nieuwe facetten in het centrum van de belangstelling te liggen. Deze facetten vormen slechts een onderdeel van het algemene werk, maar zijn van voldoende belang om in een voorwoord te worden besproken, mede omdat zij vaak nieuwe lijnen in de verdere ontwikkeling van het werk aangeven. 1. Veldkeuring De gezondheidseisen, die door vele importerende landen aan producten van land­ en tuinbouw worden gesteld, zijn in de laatste jaren steeds meer verscherpt. Hoewel er dus steeds zwaardere eisen worden gesteld moet erkend worden, dat deze in verreweg de meeste gevallen redelijk zijn. Het aantal onredelijke eisen neemt zelfs af tengevolge van levendige internationale samenwerking en overleg. Het verscherpen van phytosanitaire eisen moet gezien worden als gevolg van twee verschijnselen: a) het toenemen van het aantal ziekten en plagen tengevolge van een steeds inten­ siever bedreven land- en tuinbouw; b) het toenemen van de zorg en de waakzaamheid in vele importerende landen ten opzichte van eigen land- en tuinbouw. In alle landen ontstaan steeds meer moeilijkheden ten aanzien van de virusziekten. In verband hiermede gaat men in verscheidene importerende landen er toe over een veldkeuring te eisen, een alleszins redelijke eis, waaraan wij zullen moeten voldoen. Wij dienen dus de veldkeuringen te versterken, waartoe zoveel mogelijk de mede­ werking wordt ingeroepen van de daarvoor bestemde keuringsdiensten. Het is echter onvermijdelijk, dat ook het werk van de Plantenziektenkundige Dienst toeneemt. Zo zullen de faciliteiten tot het maken van diagnoses vergroot moeten worden. 2. Projecten In 1953 werd begonnen om een deel van het onderzoek in Projecten te omschrijven. In 1954 is dit voor alle technische afdelingen doorgevoerd. Deze projecten omvatten onderzoek, dat rechtstreeks op de praktijk is afgestemd en betrekking heeft op de wettelijk voorgeschreven middelenkeuring, alsmede werk voor diagnoses, overzichten, berichtgeving of directe bestrijding. De projecten dienen in de eerste plaats om degenen die daaraan medewerken, zo goed mogelijk in te lichten en verder als basis voor de verslaggeving van de proeven. Ook geven zij een algemeen overzicht van het onderzoekwerk en zij dienen tevens voor de coördinatie van werkzaamheden met andere instellingen. Een groot deel van deze projecten heeft betrekking op veldproeven, waarvan er in 1954 in totaal 476 werden uitgevoerd. 3. Coördinatie van onderzoek Naast het praktijk-onderzoek van de Plantenziektenkundige Dienst heeft op vele plaatsen in Nederland onderzoek plaats over ziekten en plagen van cultuurgewassen. 6 Dit betreft vooral het onderzoek van speciale, met name genoemde ziekten en plagen of meer fundamenteel werk. Verder voeren de Voorlichtingsdiensten locaal praktijk­ onderzoek uit. Door het uitwisselen van projecten blijft men wederzijds van eikaars werk op de hoogte. De samenwerking wordt nog geïntensiveerd door geregelde bezoeken en de inscha­ keling van verschillende werkgroepen, waarin stafleden van verschillende instellingen zijn opgenomen. De coördinatie met het buitenland is groeiende door persoonlijke bezoeken van stafleden over en weer alsmede door Symposia en Congressen. 4. Aardappelmoeheid Door het werk van het Instituut voor Veredeling van Landbouwgewassen en de Stichting voor Plantenveredeling heeft men thans de beschikking gekregen over ma­ teriaal dat resistent is tegen aardappelmoeheid. Het betrokken wilde materiaal is met cultuurrassen gekruist. De hybriden zijn thans reeds enige malen teruggekruist met cultuurrassen. Dit selectiewerk maakt de toet­ sing van vele duizenden zaailingen per jaar nodig. Dit routine-werk zal door de Plan- tenziektenkundige Dienst worden uitgevoerd. Gezien het grote belang van dit werk is besloten hiervoor een apart gebouw met bijbehorende kassen neer te zetten. Men hoopt hiermede in 1956 gereed te komen. In dit gebouw zal tevens de resistentie­ toetsing van zaailingen op wratziekte plaatsvinden, welke reeds jarenlang door de P.D. wordt uitgevoerd. Daarbij zal ook de resistentietoetsing tegen het nieuwe virulente Duitse wratziekte - physio worden uitgevoerd. Dit physio
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