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Acacius (Patriarch), 40 Ad Ecclesiam (Salvian of Marseilles), 312 Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02175-4 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index S Acacius (patriarch), 40 change and transformation in, Ad ecclesiam (Salvian of Marseilles), 247–263.Seealsochange and 312 transformation in Age of Attila Adid the Arab, 135 chronology of, xv–xvi administrative bureaucracy, imperial, defined, xiii 33–35, 51, 378–379, 390, 392 economies in, 44–60.Seealso Adomnan,´ 400 economies in age of Attila Adrianople, battle of (378), 7, 16, 19, 23, education in, 376–393.Seealso 58, 128, 137, 196, 209, 213–214, education 241, 243, 304, 321 geographical awareness and adscript colonate, 52 imagination in, 394–413.Seealso Aegidius (Roman general in Gaul), 39, geographical awareness and 136, 164 imagination Aelia Eudoxia (wife of Emperor geopolitical zones of, 4–5.Seealso Valentinian III), 28, 102, 103, 105, Eurasian steppe; North Africa; 109, 115, 141 northern Europe; Roman empire; Aeneas of Gaza, 385 Sasanian Persia Aeneid (Virgil), 355 mobility in, 97 Aetius (Flavius Aetius; general) religion in.SeeChristianity; Jews and assassination of, 31, 38 Judaism; pagans and paganism; Burgundians settled in Gaul by, 261 religion Catalaunian Fields, Attila’s defeat at “self ” and “other,” Late Antique drive (451), 193–194, 254 to define, 358 dynastic principle and, 103, 109, 112, agricultural/rural areas.Seecountryside 115, 121 Agrippinus (minister), 39 followers of, 258 Ailia of Gaza, 72 governance of Roman empire and, Akatzirs, 256 26–43 Alamanni, 221 Huns, alliance with, 8, 17, 198 Alans invasion of Italy and, 328 contact with Romans prior to politics of Roman military and, 135, migration/invasion, 253 136 Gaul, settlement in, 38, 40 tax burdens triggered by barbarian Huns, confederative associations push-back of, 315 with/dominance by, 221, 222 Age of Attila, 3–25 Huns, effects of arrival of, 8, 215–221 barbarians in.Seebarbarians; northern Huns, origins of, 177 Europe; specific groups, e.g. Huns land grabs by, 58 469 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02175-4 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index Alans (cont.) Ambrose of Milan, 23, 41, 212, 243, in North Africa, 247, 252, 260 370–372, 374 Rhine boundary, collapse of, 16 Amida, siege of (503), 127, 183 in Spain, 247, 251, 260 Ammianus Marcellinus, 414 Alaric the Goth on economies of Roman empire, 53, change and transformation in age of 55 Attila and, 253, 258 on Huns, 177, 183, 196, 212, 213, 215 governance of Roman empire and, 28, on military, 125 36, 42 on Sasanian Persia, 289 Huns in barbarian Europe and, on urban communities, 79 215 Ammonius (Alexandrian teacher of papacy and, 335 philosophy), 382, 387 Roman military establishment and, 15, Ammonius (Egyptian ascetic), 323 132, 135, 136 Ammonius Saccas (Platonic Rome, Visigothic sack of (410), 61, philosopher), 383 86, 137, 347, 352–357 Anastasius (emperor), 32, 40, 45, 99, 109, Stilicho and, 17 171, 172 Alaric II (Visigothic ruler) Anatolius (bishop of Constantinople), Breviary of (Lex romana visigothorum), 341 140, 143, 149, 151, 152 Angles and Saxons, 14, 247, 253 title on seal ring of, 262 Anicia Demetrias (Roman ascetic Albertini Tablets, 153 noblewoman), 317, 320 Alexander (Constantinopolitan ascetic), Anicia Juliana (daughter of Olybrius and 323–324 Placidia), 109 Alexander Romance, 412 Anicius Olybrius, 105–106, 109 Alexander the Great, 405 Anonymous Prolegomena to Platonic Alexandria Philosophy, 387 architecture and public monuments in, Antae, 236 73 Anthemius (emperor), 106, 135 bishops of, 89–92 Anthemius (praetorian prefect), 28, 30 Constantinople’s dependence on grain anthropology, theological understanding shipments from, 81, 89–92 of, 337 as educational center, 376–378, 382, Antioch 385, 387, 389, 390–392 architecture and public monuments in, grain supply for, 89–92 73 Jews, expulsion of, 372–373, 374 famines in, 321 as Mediterranean city, 61 as imperial capital, 47 as megalopolis, 47, 90 Jewish-Christian relations in, 366 pagan sites, destruction of, 71 law school in, 389 Alizadeh, Karim, 294 looted by Persians, 95 Alkhons (“red Huns”), 184, 186, 190, as Mediterranean city, 61 286 as megalopolis, 47, 93 Altava inscription, 275–276 rigging of grain market in, 51 Alypius (friend of Augustine), 62 Antonine Constitution, 158, 165 Amalfrida (Ostrogothic wife of Vandal Antonine plague, 82, 93 Thrasamund), 269 Antony the Great (hermit), 322 Amals, 222, 225, 226 Apamea, 71, 73, 95, 383 470 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02175-4 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index Apiones (Egyptian aristocratic family), child-emperor reigns increasing 37, 52 influence of generals and apostasy, 168 bureaucrats, 117 Appion of Syene, 40, 143 Christianity and, 117–118 Arabs and Arabia church matters, involvement in, 41 “India,” concepts of, 409–412 consulship and, 118, 119, 123 pastoralist peoples, captive-taking and diversification, ethnic and social, slaveholding by, 240 117–118 Roman empire and, 21 Djedars in North Africa, 280 Sasanian Persia and, 10, 11, 291 in eastern empire, 116, 118 Aratus, Phaenomena, 405 loyalty, imperial loss of, 15 Arbogast (general), 27, 254 monasticism and asceticism, 304, Arcadius (emperor), 16, 27, 29, 71, 100, 306–308, 311, 313, 316–320, 132, 136, 141, 197, 349, 363 322–323 archaeological evidence in northern Europe, 55–57 of Balkan destruction and patronage, elite anxiety concerning depopulation, 235 use of, 146–147 cauldrons and Hun origins, 187 Romanness, elite sense of, 159 Djedars in North Africa, 278–281 rural estates of, 50–54 migration models, historiography of, in Sasanian Persia, 11, 55, 290–293, 218–221 298 of monasticism and asceticism in senatorial class, 35–37, 116, 117 Rome versus Constantinople, urban elites, 61, 63, 64–69, 71–73, 323 76–77, 79, 117 Moorish inscriptions in North Africa, in Vandal North Africa, 270, 272 275, 278 in western empire, 116 new or processual archaeology, 219 Aristotle, 46, 377, 384, 385, 386, 392, 408 post-processual archaeology, 219 Arles, 81, 83–86 Sasanian, 284, 285–286, 287, 288, 292, Armenians, 283, 295–296 293–296 Armoricans, 40 archimandrites, 321–326 Artemisia (Jewish convert on Minorca), Ardashir I (Sasanian ruler), 288 369 Ardashir II (Sasanian ruler), 290, 291 Arvandus (praetorian prefect of Gaul), 37 Areobindus (Gothic leader), 110, asceticism.Seemonasticism and 112 asceticism Areobindus (grandson of Areobindus the Asemus, 161 Goth and Aspar the Alan), 110 Aspar (Arian barbarian leader and Ariadne (daughter of Emperor Leo I), Roman general), 40, 106, 110, 111, 99, 109, 110 112, 119, 120, 136 Arianism, 18, 40, 134, 169–170, 263, Asterius of Amaseia, 347 266, 272–274, 303, 333, 338, 341 astronomy and geography, 408 aristocracy, 98–124.Seealsodynastic Athanasius of Alexandria, 90, 91, 332, principle 335, 341, 410 Armenian cavalry enlisted by Sasanian Athaulf (Gothic ruler), 42, 100, 112, 114, Persia, 295–296 115, 144, 145, 171, 172, 258 Attila and, 98, 119–123 Athens, as educational center, 376–378, barbarian land grabs affecting, 59 380, 381, 383–387, 390, 392 471 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02175-4 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index Attalus (Priscus Attalus; emperor), 42, education of, 390 158 on enslavement of citizens, 162 Attila, 3.Seealsoage of Attila; entries at on Incarnation, 332 Hun Minorcan Jews, conversion of, 368 aristocracy and dynastic principle, Moorish kingdoms in North Africa failure to fully engage with, 3, 98, and, 275 112–116, 119–123 sack of Rome by Visigoths (410), assassination attempts, 202, 206, 236 sermons on, 347, 352–357 barbarian powerbrokers at court of, Sermon against the Pagans (on New Year 259 rites), 347, 348–352 Bleda, rulership of Hun empire with, Augustus (emperor), 80 198–200, 221 Aurelian (consul), 123 Catalaunian Fields, defeat at (451), 17, Ausonius (teacher), 391 193–195, 201, 254 autopragia, 36 deathof(453), 17, 20, 202, 227 Avar Huns (Varkhon), 191 disappearance of, 128 Avars, 9, 58, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191, Frankish succession dispute, attempt to 236, 257 interfere in, 221 Avesta, 181, 283, 284, 288–290, 297, 414 Gaul, invasion of (451), 17 Avienus (translator), 404 Greek merchant’s preference for life at Avitus (emperor), 112, 135 court of, 38, 162, 223, 224, 225, Avitus of Vienne, 170 227, 241 imperial envoys and, 119–123 Babik of Syunik, 184 law and legal culture, 145, 154 Bacaudae, 38, 312, 321 Metz attacked by (451), 78 Bachrach, Bernard, 78, 374 migration of individual Huns into Bactria, 10, 190, 285–286 Roman empire, efforts to stop, 254 Bacurius (Iberian prince and Roman as military enemy, 128 general), 135 painting commissioned after capture of Bailey, H., 181 Milan (452), 3 barbarians.Seealsocaptives of barbarians; Pope Leo I, meeting with, 327–328 change and transformation in age of return of Roman prisoners to, 39, 161, Attila; migration; northern Europe; 254 specific barbarian groups, e.g. Huns as Roman general, 114, 119, 171 Arianism and, 169–170, 263 as ruler, 8, 9, 200–202 concept of “Barbaricum,” 11 Augustine of Hippo, 414 contact with Romans prior to Against the Academics, 65 migration/invasion, 252–253 Arians and, 169 criticism of Roman society and, 162 on barbarians in Roman empire, 251 as executors of God’s judgment,
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