Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Incorporated
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VOL. 99, PART 1 28 FEBRUARY, 1975 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED CONTENTS Kott, Patricia The Ascidians of South Australia III. Northern Sector of the Great Australian Bight and Additional Records 1 Bnonaiuto, M. F. Notes on the Genus Pseudomalaxis Fischer (Mollusca: Gastro- poda) and its Fossil Species in Australia - - - 21 Gradwell, N. The Clinging Mechanism of Pseudophryne bibroni (Anura: Leptodactylidae) to an Alga on Glass - - - - 31 Schmitt, L. H. Genetic Evidence for the Existence of Two Separate Populations of Rattus fuscipes greyii on Pearson Island, South Australia - 35 Mawson, Patricia M. Two New Species of the Genus Cloacina (Nernatoda: Strongylida) from the Tammar, Macropus eugenii 39 Bullock, D. A. The General Water Circulation of Spencer Gulf, South Australia, in the period February to May ------ 43 PUBLISHED AND SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S ROOMS STATE LIBRARY BUILDING NORTH TERRACE, ADELAIDE, S.A. 5000 THE ASCIDIANS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA III. NORTHERN SECTOR OF THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS by Patricia Kott Summary KOTT, PATRICIA (1975).- The Ascidians of South Australia III. Northern Sector of the Great Australian Bight and Additional Records. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 99(1), 1-20, 28 February, 1975. An account is given of 58 species of the Ascidiacea from South Australia, of which 7 species are new, including two assigned to new genera in the sub families Euherdmaniinae and Botryllinae. Records of 22 species from the northern part of the Great Australian Bight are the first from that area and suggest that the ascidian fauna there has a considerable endemic component. Many of the species common in other parts of the Flindersian marine faunal Province have not yet been recorded from this location. 1HE ASCID1ANS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA III* NORTHERN SECTOR OF THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS by Patricia Kott* Summary TTI Northern Great KoiT, Patricia (1975). —The Ascidians of South Australia + Sector of the Australian Bight and Additional Records. Trans. R, Soc. S. Aust. 99(1;., 1-20, 2H Feb- ruary, 1975. An account is given of 58 species of the Ascidiacca from South Australia, of which 7 species arc new. including two assigned to new genera in the suh families Tuherdmaniinae and Bolryllinae. Records of 22 species from the northern part of the Great Australian Bight are the first from thai area and suggest that the ascidian fauna there has a considerable endemic com- ponent. Many of the species common in other parts of the Flindersian marine fatmal Province have not vet been recorded from this location. Introduction All available collection data for the speci- This account of the ascidian fauna of South mens discussed arc given in the Appendix. Australia is based on the following collections: Order ENTEROGONA ( I ) from Ihe northern part of Spencer Gulf Suborder APLOUSOBRANCHIA in connection with environmental (made Family CLAVEL1N1DAE studies in that area); (2) from the northern Subfamily ciavelininah part of the Great Australian Bight (made in connection with an experimental Prawn Trawl Podnclavelta cylindrica (Quoy & Gatmardj. Survey, Explorer); (3) from Investigator Strait Kott, 1972a: 5 (synonymy); 1972b: 167. (collected by J, Watson) and from "West New Records: Tipara Reef (Spencer Gulf T: Island; (4) additional collections from Elliston on reel" NNVV Douglas Bank (upper Spencer Bay at the eastern end of the Great Australian Gulf). Bight (collected by S. Shepherd). 1 lie report is supplementary to previous papers on the South Subfamily HOLOZOINAE Australian ascidian fauna (Kott 1972a, 1972b). Distaplia anstraliensis Brcwin. 1953: 6L Kott. It includes records of 57 species, including 7 1957: 95. that are new to science. Two of these new New Records: upper Spencer Gull (Stn D5). species have been assigned to new genera in the sub-families Kuherdmaniinae and Botryllmae. Previous Records: Tas. (D'Entrecasteaux Four species are newly recorded from South Channel and southern Tasmania). Australia. Description: Colonies consist of a rounded head The occurrence of 6 new species in the on a short cylindrical stalk. There is a single northern part of the Great Australian Bight terminal common cloacal aperture and the suggests an unusually high endemic component zooids are arranged along cither side of the for the ascidian fauna of that area, and its zoo- cloacal canals that radiate from this aperture geography is discussed. and extend down the length of the head, There Type material is deposited in. Australian are about 12 flue longitudinal thoracic muscles museums as indicated by the abbreviations AM Ten stigmata arc present in each of the four (Australian Museum), NMV (National Mu- rows and these are crossed by fine parastig- seum of Victoria), QM (Queensland Museum), mutic vessels. There are 8 rounded stomach and SAM (South Australian Museum). folds, The gonads extend, from the pole of the * Queensland Museum. Gregory Tee., Fortitude Valley. Qld, Australia 4006. PATRICIA KOTT gut loop, /olo a short posterior abdominal stilTencd test. 'I here are 9-1 1 rows of 27-2S extension separated from the abdumen by a stigmata, each row crossed by a paradigmatic shoa neck. Seven to 8 elongate testis lobes are vessel. A pointed papilla is present in the nrrnnged in a circle with their long axes paral- middle uf each primary transverse and para- lel to tme another to form a barrel shaped mass. stigmaric vessel oo both sides of the body. The the VftfS deferens, extending from the distal end internal wall of the siomaeh is arranged in of the centre of this mass, passes around it longitudinal and transverse slandulaf ridges into the abdomen. There is also an ovary in rather than folds. the posterior abdomen. RiUerella hcrrimauia Koll; 1972a; II fsyno- ftfnmfa; The colonies arc identical wilb those nymy); 1972f>: 172; 1972c: 24<v previously assigned to this species. The zooids differ from those described by Brewiu in the Nrw Recant: Elliston Bay (outside bar). lesser number of stigmata in each row. Koti FIG. 1 (1957) has reported some variation in this Description: The present colonics are suntlhjr character and the differences are not regarded than usual and sometimes each iobc contains as significant, The presence of a paradigmatic only a single zooid. The lobes are the usual vessel crossing the rows of stigmata has not spatulate, long, narrow-stemmed form. Each previously been observed, but since this is very zooid has 5 rows of about 5 sugrnara but there delicate it could have l*em overlooked. are no parastigmatic vessels, and a single papilla is present in the middle of each trans- Syro/oa pcdunculata «juoy & Caimard). Kott, verse vessel. There arc only single rows uf iy72b: 170; I972d; 234 (synonymy). testis follicles in the posterior abdomina. There rVt'vv Record: upper .Spencer Gulf (vStn IH). are 1 -4 embryos in the peribronchial cavity. Ataposoa uiarshi Brcwih, VJHr. 31. Kott, Larvae ate very small, 0.3 mm long. They have 1972b: 163. 1 median ampullae that alternate with the papillae, and double, rows New Recants. Investigator Strait (Stlls Y5, of Vesicles lhal m, extend around the anterior aspect of the larvae on either side ol the papillae and ampullae and bi'.icriptiotf The specimens arc of the usual extend posteriorly along form with a lonu cylindrical head terminating either side of the dorsal mid line Tlicie is also a paueu -series o| »n a rounded point. The shorter llcshy stalk is vesicles that extends postero-ventratly I almost the same diameter as the head. The (Fig. ). colony from Stn Z6 is the largest yet recorded, Remarks: This species has been taken from Elliston Bay measuring 17 cm of which the stalk is ouly 5 (Kott 1972b) in May 1971. and cm, The minute zooids are present in the sur- the present colonies were collected in the pre- face layer of test with long posterior abdominal vious February. Only the latter arc sexually stolons penetrating into the centre of the lobe. mature and contain larvae. It is not clear whether rhe I here is the usual brown pigment patch over colonics taken in May were newly the anterior cn<| of the cndostyle. settled forms, yet to reach reproductive matur- ily, or whether they were older colonics that Family POLYCITOK1DAK reproduced earlier in the year. "However, the Ptilycilor gigantctnn tHerdman). Kou, 1972a; 9 species appears to leproduee sexually at the (synonymy |:. 1972c; 244. vai\ of summer, Collections from I'ort Hacking, Mew Records: northern dear Australian N.S.W. (Kott 1972c) indicate that Iheie. although new lobes Bight; West T. | Amphitheatre RocfcK were being added to ttw colonics at the end of Augusl. the species dis- Family FOLYCLIN1DAK appeared during the summer and did not return Suhfamily uuhurdmanunai-. until autumn. Kecolonising- stock must there Eulierdnifcinia aiisimlfs Kott, 1957: 103; 1972b: lure exist olf Port Hacking, which reproduces 172. sexually at *he end of summer or early autumn. 1 i.e. a similar seasonal cycle to that New Rec/nds Elliston Bay (outside bar>-; occurring at Elliston Bay. Investigator SlraiL (Sin YS), Di'stripriim; The colonies are iormed of the MATRIDIUM n. gen. usual long club-shaped lobes joined basully. /.ooidv completely embedded with both 1'itch lobe is composed o\ a single zooid ripcrturcs opening separately to the exterior covered by its own separate sheath of sand- and withuut colonial systems. Internal lonei- ASCIDIANS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA 1TI Fig. U Ritterelta hcrdmunia. Larva. Figs 2-3. Patridhim pulvinawrfu Fig. 2.—Portion of branchial sac showing internal longitudinal vessels. Fig. 3; —Thorax and abdomen of adult zooid. pigs 4_6. Aplitlium foliorum. Fig. 4.—Dorsal aspect of interior portion of thorax showing tripartite atrial lip. Fig. 5* — Stomach. Fig. 6.—Larva. Fig. 7. ApJidittm pronum. Thorax and abdomen of adult zooid. Fig. 8. Aplidium disihuum.