US-CHINA REVIEW Fall 2015 Vol. XXXIX, No.4

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Xinhua Photography in the 1980s The Crook Family in China Urban Chinese Women Book Reviews: Mao, the Real Story, Liu Xiaobo, the Taiping Rebellion, Lisa See’s China Dolls Letter from the President

US-China Peoples Friendship Association Office of the National President ® 105 Treva Road, Sandston, VA 23150 804-310-6388 mobile - [email protected] [email protected] Our National Convention

Dear Friends of China,

Greetings to all of you! On behalf of USCPFA, I thank the Atlanta Chapter, in particular Ed Krebs and Doug Reynolds, co- presidents, and its convention committee, outgoing Southern Region President Peggy Roney, and the USCPFA national committee for hosting the 25th USCPFA National Convention at Emory Conference Center. We thank all of the delegates and members who came to our meeting, themed “The Faces of Friendship.” I heard many wonderful compliments on this event! We were honored to have Deputy Consul General Zhao Yumin and Consul Liu Bo from the Houston Consulate who were able to attend this event and for the uplifting speech that Mr. Zhao gave on Friday night’s opening ceremonies. One thing I have to mention is how much he enjoyed reading a recent US-China Review. He was so complimentary about the interesting articles. It was quite appropriate that on the next evening Marci Duryea, production coordinator of the USCR, was awarded the Koji Ariyoshi Award, the highest award given by USCPFA. For a third term your delegates have elected me as president of the US-China Peoples Friendship Association, which I consider a great honor and a privilege. We thank outgoing board members Joe Lau, Peggy Roney, Archie McKee and Stanford Yuen for their work on the board during the previous years. We welcome incoming board members Bob Edwards, Barbara Cobb, Paul Morris and Chu Lan Schubert- Kwock. Your board not only meets at the national conventions in odd years, but also during the seminars in Washington, D.C. during even years and by conference call almost every month. The USCPFA National Board works for you. We are addressing the issue of membership growth through national to chapter contact, region to chapter contact, promoting awareness of the Jim Grantman Memorial Fund, promoting successful chapter outreach events online and in the USCR, and, most importantly, asking that each of us reaches out to persons—one on one to describe your story about China and say why you feel China and the U.S. should develop those important friendships for all time. You are the link to the future of USCPFA! You will be hearing more about our board’s strategic planning and about how you can help USCPFA. One way now to help is to build our national database of member emails and send me your email at dgreer@ uscpfa.org. Put in the subject space: USCPFA email. If you are passionate about China and would like to start a chapter, please let me know. Sometimes when members move, they find out there is not a USCPFA chapter in their area. All you need is one person to reach out to ten interested people to start a formal chapter! If one new chapter in every region was started in the next year, it would make a positive impact on the whole organization. Each chapter president has received brand new updated brochures for you to use to promote USCPFA. There are ways to assist you and give you support in starting or renewing your chapter membership because each one of you is important. Our next event will be in Washington, D.C. in the spring with a focus on how business, education and friendship go hand in hand. Watch out for details on the website and through emails. If we don’t have your email, please contact me at [email protected]. I want to hear from you! Best wishes!

Diana C. Greer President of USCPFA US-CHINA REVIEW ® Fall 2015 • Vol. XXXIX, No.4

US-CHINA PEOPLES Contents FRIENDSHIP ASSOCIATION A California Non-profit Corporation Features U.S. Military Strategy Report Faults China Chen Weihua 5 The US-China Peoples Friendship Association is China Wants More U.S. Students Amy He 8 a nonprofit, educational Urban Chinese Women’s Quality of Life Women of China Magazine 9 organization whose purpose is China and the U.S. United in WWII Diana Greer 10 to build friendship between The Crooks: In China for the Long Term Shu Zhang 12 the peoples of China The Art of Xinhua Paul Morris 14 and the United States. Book Reviews The China Collectors, by Karl E. Meyer and Shareen Blair Brysac USCPFA Board of Directors Reviewed by Archie S. McKee 18 PRESIDENT Mao: The Real Story, by Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine Diana Greer Reviewed by Paul Morris 19 TREASURER No Enemies, No Hatred, by Liu Xiaobo Reviewed by Mike Revzin 20 Wen Li A Heart for Freedom, by Chai Ling Reviewed by Paul Morris 21 NATIONAL BOARD Heaven Cracks, Earth Shakes, by James Palmer Reviewed by Paul Morris 21 Christine Brooks (East) Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom, by Stephen R. Platt Kirk Huang (East) Reviewed by Bart Trescott 22 Barbara Harrison (Midwest) China Dolls, by Lisa See Reviewed by Rezsin Adams 23 Kitty Trescott (Midwest) Frog, by Mo Yan Reviewed by Rezsin Adams 24 Barbara Cobb (South) Bob Edwards (South) An American Teacher in China, by Joyce Dutcher Reviewed by Mike Revzin 24 Frances Goo (West) American Heathen, Stanford Graphic Novel Reviewed by Winny Lin 25 Paul Morris (West) Chu Lan Shubert-Kwock (Hawai’i Subregion) Departments China Currents 4 US-China Review Chapter & Regional News 26 Transitions: Edna Lau, Judy Lee 28 EDITOR Paul Morris About the cover: This 1982 photo from Xinhua, China’s official press agency, was cap- PRODUCTION COORDINATOR tioned, “Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Defender of New China.—The band of a Chinese Marci Duryea P.L.A. unit renders national music for fighters.” See article on page 14. Photo by Tao Junfeng. SUBSCRIPTIONS The material appearing in the US-China Review does not represent a consensus, nor Marge Ketter does it reflect the views or policy of the US-China Peoples Friendship Association or its CONTRIBUTORS: National Board. The Review does not accept responsibility for the opinions expressed by Eastern Region: the authors of articles but it does accept responsibility for giving them a forum for ex- Diana Greer, Cindy Han, Mel Horowitz, pression and consideration. It strives for a variety of subjects and opinions. Kirk Huang, Rose Sigal Ibsen, Mary Klug, The US-China Review is published by the USCPFA four times a year. U.S. annual subscrip- Jimmy Lee, Ming Lowe, Judy Manton, tion rates are $35 for individuals and $38 for institutions; overseas $49. A charge may be Richard Pendleton, Valerie Stern assessed for replacement copies or special requests; contact Subscriptions for details. USCPFA members’ subscriptions are included in annual dues. Address changes should be sent to: Midwest Region: USCPFA, 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., Jupiter, FL 33458; Email [email protected]. Linda Mealey-Lohmann, Mary Warpeha Contributions of articles and information from USCPFA members and other readers are welcome and may be submitted to [email protected]. General correspondence or Southern Region: questions should be directed to USCR, 3S244 Cypress Drive, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, Email: Marge Ketter, Ed Krebs [email protected]. ISSN 0164-3886 Western Region: The Review is printed on recyclable paper. Lenora Leu, Jana McBurney-Lin USCPFA NATIONAL PRESIDENT REGIONAL OFFICES (See page 31 for complete list) General information about 105 Treva Road Eastern Region Midwest Region USCPFA is available online at Sandston, VA 23150 200 Van Rensselaer Blvd. 8718 Metcalf #202 804-737-2704 Menands, NY 12204 Overland Park, KS 66212 http://www.uscpfa.org [email protected] 518-449-8817 913-341-5996

The name and logo of the US-China Peoples USCR SUBSCRIPTIONS Southern Region Western Region Friendship Association are registered ® 7088 SE Rivers Edge Street 12 North Lynncrest Drive c/o Guardian Escrow Svcs. in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Jupiter, FL 33458 Chattanooga, TN 37411 2347 S. Beretania St. #200 All rights reserved. Phone 561-747-9487 423-698-7339 Honolulu, HI 96826 © 2015 by the US-China Peoples Friendship Association Fax 561-745-6189 [email protected] 808-951-6991 [email protected] find a history that had been buried for background and lotus leaf scrolls bear- China Currents six decades. After years of painstaking ing buds and blossoms, each item of the research and documentation, I have set was inscribed with the four Chinese finally been able to piece together this characters of the Qianlong mark and its puzzle, but doing so more than seven period. Lum said that a similar set is at Man of Compassion decades later means that we’ll never the National Palace Museum in Taipei. And Courage know the full extent of my father’s An equally eye-catching item is the humanitarian efforts,” said Ho Manli. Heavenly Daoshan Duan inkstone, Ho Feng Shan, Chinese consul gen- Nancy Li, chair of the USCPFA Hous- which was owned by the North Song eral in Vienna from 1938 to 1940, ton chapter and trustee of the museum, dynasty (AD 960–1127) Emperor Hui- was honored with the Lyndon Baines was instrumental in nominating Ho as zong and was to go up for bidding at Johnson Moral Courage Award at the an honoree. the end of the auction. Holocaust Museum Houston’s annual “When it comes to the history of Lum said that the tradition of mak- dinner April 30. WWII, very little research has been ing inkstones reached its height in the Ho issued thou- conducted about China in the West. sands of visas to Through events like this, I hope to Jews for them to raise awareness that China suffered escape the fate at the hands of the Japanese just as of concentration Jews suffered at the hands of the Nazis. camps. As a result, Moreover, even while China suffered some 18,000 Jew- under Japanese occupation, Chinese ish refugees fed to like Dr Ho were willing to extend a Shanghai in 1938 helping hand toward the Jews in Eu- to 1940, according Ho Feng Shan rope,” said Li. to Ho’s daughter —By May Zhou, China Daily USA Ho Manli, who accepted the award on behalf of her late father. The event, attended by close to a thousand people, including many from Chinese Treasures the Asian community, raised $1.26 million for the museum. Go on the Block Chinese Consul General Li Qiang- min was invited to present the award More than 300 pieces of Chinese ink Emperor Huizong’s Heavenly Daoshan to Ho Manli. Li, who is from the same paintings, ceramics, bronzes and works Duan inkstone, Northern Song Dynasty. province, Hunan, as Ho, is no stranger of art went under the hammer in New . to Ho’s humanitarian deed: York in June. Northern Song dynasty, with Emperor “Fourteen years ago, when I was Gianguan Auctions New York said Huizong at its forefront. The item was working at the Chinese embassy in that the items include more than 70 expected to earn between $850,000 ­Israel, I started the efforts to spread Ho’s pieces of Chinese ink work and col- and $1.5 million. story together with my Jewish friends.” lections of Qing dynasty cloisonné, Other notable items included Hui- Li said many nations are commem- carved jade, antique and contemporary zong’s brush painting “Imperial Hawk,” orating the 70th anniversary of the ceramics and jewelry. infuential painter Qi Baishi’s painting victory of the World Anti-Fascist War Of the lots to be auctioned, a high­ “Longevity Peach,” and Zhang Daqian’s and the War of Resistance Against Japa- light is a five-piece Qing dynasty “Lotus.” nese Aggression in China. “The purpose cloisonné enamel altar set. Kwong Lum said the lots were contributed is to express our love of peace, desire Lum, chairman of Gianguan Actions, by overseas art collectors and connois- of a better future,” said Li. explained that cloisonné enamel was seurs, including himself. “My father would of course have created for the royalty of the Qing Gianguan Auctions is New York’s been most honored by this award, but dynasty. only Chinese American-owned auction he also would have been quite aston- Comprising a large tripod two-han- gallery. Founded in 2002, its aim it to ished by it. During his lifetime, he dled incense burner, a pair of candlesticks collect Chinese treasure relics overseas neither sought nor received recognition with dished central sections and high and provide an acquisition platform for his deeds. In fact, he rarely spoke domed bases, and a pair of faring vases, for Chinese collectors. about his tenure as the Chinese Consul the set was expected to fetch between General in Vienna,” said Ho Manli in $40,000 and $80,000. —By Niu Yue and Hong Xiao, China her acceptance speech. “It’s rare to have such exquisite gar- Daily, June 3, 2015. Photo: Gianguan Because of that, “After my father’s niture passed down through the ages Auction. death in 1997, it was by chance that intact,” said Lum. I embarked on an 18-year odyssey to With colorful enamel on a turquoise

4 US-China Review U.S. Military Strategy Report Faults China

The following opinion piece by China has so far commented on the report. ine aspects of America’s own conduct Daily’s Washington correspondent fairly China has long accused the U.S. of toward those countries,” he said. summarizes the international issues hyping a China threat in the South U.S. Deputy Defense Secretary Bob that currently are straining U.S.-China China Sea and called on the U.S. to Work also pointed to Russia and China relations. —Editor ditch a Cold War mentality. Many Chi- as potential threats in a June 22 speech nese think the U.S. is biased on the at the China Aerospace Studies Insti- By Chen Weihua South China Sea issue by deliberately tute. Work said if Russia and China are The 2015 U.S. National Military Strat- ignoring many more land reclamations not great powers now, they certainly egy listed ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and other provocative actions taken by have the potential to be. “And under and the Levant), Russia, Iran, North other nations, in particular U.S. allies. any circumstances, they are going to Korea and China as possible threats, Ted Carpenter, a senior fellow for provide us with an enduring and very but experts believe many U.S. actions defense and foreign policy studies at the difficult military challenge, which will are also seen as a threat in others’ eyes. Cato Institute, said by citing Russia and stress us,” he said. The U.S. report, outlined in July by China as two major security threats, the He also said that this does not mean Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff report exhibits a worrisome inability to suggest that China and the U.S. are Martin Dempsey, said the U.S. supports doomed to have an overtly hostile China’s rise and encourages it to be- relationship. “Indeed, our future rela- come a partner for greater international China has long accused the tionship, the way we see it, will have security. elements of cooperation and competi- U.S. of hyping a China threat tion and not open hostility,” he said. “However, China’s actions are add- ing tension to the Asia-Pacific region. in the South China Sea. He said the Pentagon continues to For example, its claims to nearly the pursue military-to-military coopera- entire South China Sea are inconsistent tion, confidence-building measures on the part of U.S. military planners with international law,” the report said. with China. to understand the perspective of other It faulted China for responding to the Douglas Paal, vice-president for stud- countries. international call to settle the issue co- ies and director of the Asia Program operatively and without coercion with “China and Russia have ample rea- at the Carnegie Endowment for Inter- aggressive land reclamation efforts that son to regard an array of U.S. actions as national Peace, believes there is really will allow it to position military forces deeply threatening to their interests,” nothing new in the 2015 document. astride vital sea lanes. Carpenter said. “The portion concerning relations with But the report also noted that none He noted that the eastward expan- China refects existing administration of these nations named are believed sion of the U.S.-led NATO alliance to policy of recognizing both cooperation to be seeking direct military confict Russia’ s border was inherently menac- and competition,” he said. with the United States or our allies. ing, and the more recent deployment of “It could have gone farther in its Nonetheless, they each pose serious se- troops and sophisticated weaponry to characterization of Chinese policy and curity concerns which the international the East European members increases behavior in the South China Sea, which community is working to collectively Moscow’s perception of a threat. “Wash- I see as another venue for hybrid con- address by way of common policies, ington’s so-called pivot of its military fict or war.” forces to East Asia, the growing U.S. shared messages and coordinated ac- China’ s first white paper on military involvement in the territorial disputes tion. strategy released in late May reaffirms in the South China Sea, and the Obama The report said the U.S. remains the country’s adherence to peaceful administration’s unquestioned support committed to engagement with all development and its “active defense” of Japan’s position in the dispute over nations to reduce the potential of mis- military strategy, interpreted as, “We the Diaoyu islands in the East China calculation. will not attack unless we are attacked, Sea, all likely appear threatening from but we will surely counterattack if at- “We continue to invest in a substan- China’s perspective,” Carpenter said. tial military-to-military relationship tacked.” Carpenter believes that the case can with China and we remain ready to The report by China’s State Council be made that Moscow and Beijing could engage Russia in areas of common in- Information Office mentioned in- have handled various sensitive issues terest, while urging both nations to creasing security challenges posed by better, but U.S. actions have hardly settle their disputes peacefully and in certain countries, citing the growing been purely defensive and unobjec- accordance with international law,” U.S. military presence in Asia and major tionable. the report said. adjustments to Japan’s security policies. “Before U.S. officials criticize the Neither China’s Ministry of National behavior of China and Russia, they —from China Daily, July 3, 2015 Defense nor Ministry of Foreign Affairs would do well to more carefully exam- Fall 2015 5 New Airport for Beijing China currently boasts the world’s largest building, could soon be home to the world’s tallest pair of towers, and according to Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA), we will soon be able to add an airport passenger terminal to the list. The firm has unveiled plans for its Beijing New Airport Terminal Building, which it says will be the world’s largest. The terminal is part of a planned new airport located in the Daxing district of Beijing’s southern suburbs, and resembles the form of a massive starfish. It will serve to take some of the pressure off the existing airport, and will initially accommodate 45 million passengers a year. Beijing International Airport, Asia’s busiest, has strug- gled to handle passengers, leading to delays that have become legendary among frequent travelers.

Illustration: ZHA

Second Child for All Is Good for Economy By Mu Guangzong Given the little change in the birth There is unlikely to be a population this trend is worsening. Complicating rate after the easing of the Chinese explosion even after all couples are the matter is the modern trend among family planning policy in 2013 to allow allowed to have a second child, be- couples to have just one child, or not couples one (or both) of whom is the cause all of them, whether or not the have any at all. only child of his/her parents to have husband and wife are the only child of The actual birth rate in China now is a second child, the call for allowing their parents, face the same monetary comparatively low, with the total fertil- all couples to have two children has and social difficulties in raising chil- ity rate in recent years being less than grown. dren. Therefore, the call to allow all 1.3. The fifth census in 2000 showed Generally, the ideal childbearing age families to have a second child seems that the fertility rate was only 1.22, for women is between 20 and 35 years. reasonable. which further dropped to 1.18 during But nowadays people get married late. The right to give birth is a basic hu- the sixth census in 2010. In the next de- As a result, women give birth to their man right—this consensus was reached cade, the population of Chinese women first child late, making it difficult for at the World Population Conference in the best childbearing age (24 to 29) them to have a second child. in Bucharest, Romania, in 1974. The will drop from more than 73 million conference issued a world population to 41 million. Even if the total fertility plan of action, which says all couples rate increases sharply to 1.6, the trend and individuals have the basic right of falling new births will continue. to decide freely and responsibly the Today’s newborns are the workforce number and spacing of their children of the future. If the downward trend and to have the information, education of the total fertility rate continues for and means to do so. a long time, it will further compli- A single-child family is one of high cate the problem of China’s declining risk, and if a majority of families in a workforce.­ A sufficient working-age society have only one child, that soci- population is key to social and eco- ety is of high risk as well. Siblings can nomic sustainable development. China The two-child policy was put into practice jointly resist the risks and uncertainties should be worried about of the problem in early 2014 and did not lead to a baby of life. The more single-child families in of shrinking population, not a popula- boom. Photo: Zou Zhongpin a society, the weaker will be its ability tion rebound in the future. to resist such risks. To promote a balanced population Moreover, the sharply rising cost of China has entered a period of su- development in the long term, there- raising children deters many young per-low birth rate, which will have a fore, the authorities should allow all couples from having a second child. huge negative impact on society. Since families to have a second child. Official data show that in 2014, only the reform and opening-up, the ideal 1.07 million of the 11 million couples number of children Chinese women The writer is a professor at the Population eligible to have a second child applied have had has remained low, between Research Institute of Peking University. to the authorities seeking permission 1.6 and 1.8. And because of the lim- This column originally appeared in to do so. And the actual increase in the itation of childbearing conditions, the ­China Daily, May 8, 2015. In October new births was only 470,000. actual fertility level is even lower, and the government ended the one-child policy.

6 US-China Review Chinese Ballet Comes to New York The 56-year-old National Ballet of Chi- na brought two contrasting productions to the U.S. this summer to begin a national tour. With a 62-member orchestra they staged The Peony Pavillion (2008) and what is probably the best-known ballet in China, The Red Detachment of Women. In a unique example of international casting, a Queens, N.Y., ensemble called Uncle Yao’s Chorus accompanied per- formances in New York. Some of the ensemble members had sung at the ballet’s premier in Beijing. The Red Detachment (1964) still plays regularly in China, but this tour was a Photo: National Ballet of China rare chance to see it in the U.S. Ballerina Wang Ye in the National Ballet of China’s Red Detachment of Women. The contemporary ballet Peony Pavil- lion, according to choreographer Fei Bo, form.” A 16th-century “dream drama” a Chinese dramatical and musical form “combines ballet and traditional operas by Tang Xianzu was adapted by Li Liuyi known as kunqu. The original score is and brings new life to this ancient art for the National Ballet. It makes use of by Guo Wenjing.

Oscar-Winning Director Shoots Film on Flying Tigers Production on a film about an American from the air. to $750 for a squadron commander, pilot who was saved by Chinese villag- The pilots roughly three times what they had been ers after his plane was shot down by the were all for- making in the U.S. forces. Japanese forces began in East China’s mer members About one dozen of the fiers and Zhejiang province this fall. of the U.S. more than thirty of the ground crew The film, The Chinese Widow, is di- Army Air, are still living. rected by Danish director Bille ­August, Navy or Ma- The shark-faced nose art of the Flying best known for Pelle the Conqueror, rine Corps, Tigers remains among the most recog- which won both the Palme d’Or and who resigned nizable image of any individual combat the Academy Award in 1987. their U.S. aircraft or combat unit of World War II. The director said that he hoped to military com- portray the warmth of humanity, even missions in from China Daily, Nov. 1, 2015. Photo Director Bille August in the setting of a brutal war. order to serve by Xinhua. The pilot in the movie, Jack Turner,­ in China. was a member of the U.S. Flying Tigers Chennault (1893–1958) was a re- air squadron, which helped the Chinese tired U.S. Army Air Corps officer who Beijing Bans Bags during World War II. Several of these had worked in China since 1937, first Bedevilled by blocked sewage systems, American pilots had to make emergen- as military aviation advisor, then as Beijing authorities declared a ban on cy landings and were saved by Chinese director of a Chinese Air Force fight the use of ultra-thin plastic bags, and soldiers and civilians. school centered in Kunming. consumers were made to pay for every The visual effects will be managed The original Flying Tigers were the regular plastic bag issued by a store. Net by Chris Edwards of Third Floor, who 100 American pilots and 250 American result? China now uses 60 percent less worked on Avatar and The Hunger ground crews. The group consisted of plastic bags. Games. The film features American three fighter squadrons, named “Adam Policing such policies isn’t easy, and actor Emile Hirsch and Chinese actress and Eves,” “Panda Bears” and “Hell’s China has tackled the issue by assigning Yu Nan. Angels,” of around thirty aircraft each. a 600,000-strong force of inspectors, Between August 1941 and July 1942, The members of the group were offi- who regularly monitor 250,000 retail the Flying Tigers, the American Vol- cially members of the Chinese Air Force stores and markets countrywide, gener- unteer Group, led by General Claire and had contracts with salaries ranging ating about 2 million yuan ($314,600) Chennault, harassed Japanese forces from $250 a month for a mechanic in fines.(Chris Peterson, China Daily)

Fall 2015 7 Chinese Wants More U.S. Students By Amy He Vice-Premier Liu Yandong would like to see more American students study in China. “Right now, there’s a deep imbalance, and we hope that there will be more American students in China,” she said. Liu spoke in June during a plenary session of the China-U.S. High-Level­ Consultation on People-to-People ­Exchange (CPE) in Washington. U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Tony Blinken commented that there are only about 14,000 American students in China, but close to 275,000 Chinese Secretary of State John Kerry chats with Vice Premier Liu Yandong before their U.S.-China students in the United States. Blinken Consultation on People-to-People Exchange working lunch on June 25 in Washington, D.C. said that the partnerships formed at this round of CPE will encourage more The story of U.S.-China relations revealed the charm of the CPE, and cross-cultural study abroad. “has the potential to be one of genuine injected vitality into the China-U.S. Liu, co-chair on the CPE with Secre- accomplishment. There is literally no relationship,” she said. tary of State John Kerry, said that the limit to its possibilities,” he said. “That’s Liu said that seeing all the productive exchange of students is “our priority.” good for the United States, and that’s outcomes of the CPE made her even China will launch a new initiative that good for China.” “more confident of the prospect” of will award 10,000 Chinese students On sports, there will be new ex- the exchanges that the two countries with scholarships to study in the U.S. changes between athletes, which will have engaged in, and she said she be- Also on the education front, the include fencing training camps in both lieves that the magnitude and depth of nations announced that universities countries, and sports exchanges in vol- cooperation between the two countries in both countries have signed Memo- leyball, snowboarding, water polo and is unprecedented. randums of Understanding to increase basketball, according to Richard Sten- “More than 30 years ago, China’s collaboration in research, with a high- gel, undersecretary of state for public reform began, and so did normalization er-education meeting being planned diplomacy and affairs. of relations,” Liu said. “In the coming for later this year. The two countries also will cooperate 30 years, China will strive to meet its A network of 42 historically black on the arts, including on a joint film goals of building a harmonious modern colleges in the U.S. is announcing the project currently being filmed in China country. We will make sure that Chinese formation of a U.S.-China university by acclaimed director Zhang Yimou, people will have better living condi- scholarship alliance, which will en- starring American actor Matt Damon. tions so they will live happier lives. able 1,000 U.S. students to study in The film is the largest film entirely shot The Chinese dream is about peaceful China with support from the Chinese in China, and will “connect people and development and win-win cooperation, government. foster mutual understanding,” Stengel which is closely related to the American The Chinese National Office for said. dream.” Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language Zhang said via video during the Liu said that “for China and the will lead a delegation of students from session that film will give viewers a U.S., respecting each other, pursuing the Hispanic Association of Colleges “window into new places that they may win-win cooperation, and (the) build- and Universities to study in China as have never seen before.” ing of new model relations will not well. On health issues, Liu recounted Chi- only bring benefits to two people but “Involvement and understanding are na and the U.S.’s cooperation during will contribute to world peace. China what people-to-people exchanges are the outbreak of the Ebola virus in will only open wider to the outside all about—learning about each other’s west Africa. The two countries shared world, and China’s environment will traditions, appreciating each other’s real-time information and techno­ become fairer, more transparent and cultures and concerns, worldviews and logical guidelines and standards when predictable.” perspectives, and ultimately, if all goes China’s teams arrived in Liberia. well, understanding each other and “These touching stories and fruit- This article originally appeared in China generating trust that enables partner- ful results demonstrated the passion Daily USA, June 25, 2015. Photo by U.S. ship,” Blinken said. of people from different walks of life, State Department.

8 US-China Review A Revealing Look at Urban Chinese Women’s Quality of Life

A new survey centered on urban wom- that they feel that they are pressured women were shown to spend more en’s feelings toward their life and work in their lives. time on the bus or subway during their was recently released, showing that The breakdown of the main sources commute, needed as much as 114 min- ­urban Chinese women enjoy a rela- of the pressure they feel: Arduous tasks utes per day—much higher than the tively high satisfaction index—of about and strenuous labor accounted for 58 nationwide average time of 77 minutes. 63—when it comes to their urban life. percent of all women; a lack of balance What worried women the most was The 10th Urban Chinese Women’s between family, work and social life the increasingly high cost of everyday Quality of Life Report comes from Wom- accounted for almost half of the women necessities, the ever-worsening polluted en of China magazine and the Huakun polled; and fierce workplace competi- natural environment, and the lack of Women Survey Center, China’s first tion with regard to job promotion was enough free time. This year’s report professional research institution focus- found to be a source for 37 percent. marked the first time that the shortage ing on women’s issues. of sufficient relaxation time made the The survey explored women’s sat- The average working time top three on the list. isfaction with their own income, the Women of China magazine releases income of other family members, their for Chinese women polled annually its report on urban women’s job and potential for promotion of quality of life before or just coinciding ­social status, their health, living con- was 8.3 hours. with Mother’s Day in May. It pulls infor- ditions, their participation in social mation from the major Chinese cities, activities and their self-recognition The survey also tried to learn how such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, pursuing happiness. much the respondents could bear the Ningbo, Chengdu, Dalian and Harbin. Satisfaction Index pressure that they feel they are under. Another report, “The State of the Of those polled, 69 percent indicated World’s Mothers,” also was published According to the survey, almost that they are barely able to bear the this year, by the independent organi- 62 percent of the women polled were pressure, while 27 percent indicated zation Save the Children. It appealed very content with their life at present, that they are fully capable of dealing for people to care more for mothers among whom 9 percent were “very with the pressure. worldwide and to mark the celebration happy” while 53 percent were “pretty Moreover, the survey presented fig- of the upcoming Mother’s Day. happy.” The happiness index among ures for how long women could spend This report revealed that China these women reached 73 points. on their work and on their commute to ranked as low as 61st place in the hap- The women polled lived in certain and from work. The average working piness index of women or mothers. Chinese cities. Xi’an, capital of north- time was about 8.3 hours for all Chinese For more information on Women of west China’s Shaanxi province, topped women polled, where the shortage time China magazine: womenofchina.cn. the happiness index list with 77 points. was 7.8 hours for those who served In the second and third slots, with totals as civil servants. Meanwhile, Beijing —Women of China, May 8, 2015 only slightly lower, were Changsha and Hangzhou—the respective capitals of central China’s Hunan province and east China’s Zhejiang province. “She Power” Potential Organized by the U.S. State Depart- The survey found that while a ment in partnership with the All-China harmonious family did contribute sig- For the participants at the seventh Women’s Federation, the daylong event nificantly to the happiness index of U.S.-China Women’s Leadership Ex- focused on women’s economic empow- Chinese women, the health of family change and Dialogue in Washington, the erment, especially entrepreneurship, members contributed most, with 76 final speaker clearly demonstrated how family-friendly workplace policies and percent—the highest proportion of women can lead at the highest levels. women’s access to capital and finance. any indicator—citing this as their most Vice-Premier Liu Yandong, the high- U.S. Deputy Secretary Heather Hig- important source of joy. Ranked not far est-ranking woman in the Chinese ginbottom said the U.S. stands behind behind were harmonious relationships government [see previous page], talked efforts to make gender equality and the between them and their family mem- about how women’s development has empowerment of women and girls a bers, between them and their children, been “an important sign of the progress priority in the United Nations’ frame- and between them and their partner. of human civilization.” work for development goals. “I believe that if we can release the “We look forward to working with Pressure from Social Life full potential of ‘she power’ in China China to ensure these agreements The figures suggest Chinese women and the U.S., it will provide new impe- reflect the importance of including might not be very happy when it comes tus to the people-to-people exchange women as key drivers of economic to their social life. Nearly 94 percent feel and to the building of the new type of growth,” Higginbottom said. major country relations between our significantly burdened by pressure at —Cai Chunying, China Daily two countries,” Liu said. work; 73 percent of women indicated June 25, 2015 Fall 2015 9 China and the U.S. United in WWII by Diana Greer of our two countries. The pictures On June 24, 2015 Chinese Ambassador tell about the rescues of American Cui Tiankai held a reception at the pilots by the Chinese people, of deep embassy in Washington, D.C. to open friendships formed—young and a photo exhibition called “For Justice old. Few may know how the lives and Peace: Honoring the Chinese and of young American pilots during American Dedication and Friendship the war were saved by the brave during World War II on the 70th An- Chinese people who put their own niversary of the end of World War II.” lives at risk to rescue them. The event was held in honor of H.E. I wanted to see the photos over Liu Yandong, Vice Premier of the State and over again and follow how this Council of the PRC, and presented by amazing story unfolded. When diffi- the Chinese People’s Association for cult discussions arise between China Friendship with Foreign Countries. and the United States, we should The catalog describes the photo- pause and revisit that profound Edward Beneda and Diana Greer at the graphs as “a tribute to the spirit of the shared story of friendship. We must reception. Mr. Beneda’s father Glen was a Chinese and American people who en- look back at what was accomplished Flying Tiger who was helped by Chinese, dured the harsh reality of the brutality together and realize that our historic including Li Xiannian, during the war. and hardships they faced in a dedica- friendship cannot be diminished tion to a quest for justice and peace.” or downplayed, but should always be will listen so that new generations will As I refected on this remarkable ex- a constant reminder that China and know and remember our shared histo- hibition and met the Chinese diplomats the United States stood together in the ry and friendship. Congratulations to and friends, members of the Flying midst of a terrifying world war, wherein President Li Xiaolin and the Chinese Tigers, families, and others involved, I we survived—side by side—and con- People’s Association for Friendship with tried to imagine what it could have been quered the enemy of fascism. Foreign Countries, and to all who were like, living in China during those fright- The photos share the love and coop- involved in this most impressive and ening times, their country invaded by eration felt between our two peoples, significant exhibition. an enemy. I thought about how these while pictorializing and retelling the war times forged the historic friend- friendships that have endured. We The author is USCPFA President. ship and collaboration of the citizens must keep telling that story to all who

Photos from the exhibition in Washington, D.C. Left: The 24 curves of the Stilwell Road. Gen. Joseph Stilwell was one of the Americans profiled. Below: An American soldier helps a Chinese man light his cigarette.

10 US-China Review A Chinese Garden in a Sister City National Convention For Luo Linquan, Hosted by Atlanta consul general at USCPFA’s 25th national convention the Chinese Consul- was held in Atlanta on September ate General in San 11–13, at the Emory Conference Francisco, his one- Center Hotel, a beautiful facility in day trip in June to a woodland setting, a scene much the Lan Su Chinese infuenced by Frank Lloyd Wright’s Garden in Portland, architectural style. Oregon, was like a This year’s theme has been “U.S. memory-refreshing and China: Many Faces of Friend- homecoming. ship,” intended to suggest the many “Today we are ways our chapters pursue friendship celebrating the 27th with China.­ Visitors from China anniversary of the included Deputy Consul General Sister Cities relation- Zhao Yumin from the consulate in ship between Suzhou Houston. The 15th birthday of Portland’s Chinese garden: Consul-General­ Professor Penny Prime of the Rob- and Portland, and the Luo Linquan, Mayor Charlie Hales, Nancy Hales. 15th anniversary of inson College of Business, Georgia the Lan Su Chinese same way he was to the gardens of his State University, gave the keynote Garden,” said Luo at a banquet in his hometown of Suzhou. address, drawing on her own career as an economist studying China’s honor hosted by Portland Mayor Char- “This garden symbolizes the pro- development and emphasizing the lie Hales. “I thank people from all walks found beauty of Chinese culture by growth of China studies in Atlanta of life in Portland for their continuous welding architecture to the natural en- and nationwide. Professor Prime efforts at strengthening our friendship.” vironment in a perfect way,” said Luo. launched the China Research Cen- Arranged around a central pond, “It serves as a witness to the friendship ter, which brings together some the walled 40,000-square-foot garden and fruitful cultural exchanges between forty scholars in a broad range of features an extensive plant collec- our two cities.” fields. tion arranged in harmony with stone About 20 million tourists have visited On Saturday morning John structures, ponds, walking paths and the Lan Su Chinese Garden in the past ­Garver, professor emeritus of traditional Chinese pavilions, ­towers, 15 years, said the garden management. Georgia Tech, discussed China’s corridors and bridges. Both cities believe they should work international relations. This helped Regarded as an oasis of urban tran- more closely in order to push forward to prepare the group for Saturday quility and an escape from the hustle cooperation in such fields as green afternoon’s visit to the Carter Cen- and bustle of downtown Portland, Lan technology and tourism. “There,” said ter, where they learned of President Su Garden is the product of a collabo- Luo, “the potential is huge.” Carter’s interests in China from ration between Portland and Suzhou, normalizing relations in 1979 to Jiangsu province, and has embodied the By Chang Jun, China Daily, June 19, more recent projects. spirit of their Sister Cities relationship 2015. Photo by City of Portland. Other speakers included Profes- since 1988. sor Kirk Wang of Eckerd College Boasting elegant and delicate gar- in Tampa, Florida, who presented dens dating back 1,000 years, Suzhou developments in the arts in China has been designated a UNESCO World since the beginning of the People’s Heritage site. Republic as a series of cultural rev- In 1999, the Suzhou city government olutions. And on Sunday morning decided to give a garden to Portland as a Professor John Burrison of Georgia gift—an act of generosity that took hun- State University looked at world- dreds of artists and craftsmen working wide infuences of Chinese ceramics around the clock 14 months to design, over long centuries, an overview construct and ship piece by piece from of this great aspect of Chinese tra- Suzhou to Portland, and install. dition. Review editor Mike Revzin will Strolling around what he calls the present a full report on this year’s most authentic Chinese garden outside biennial gathering in the next issue. of China, Luo said he was emotionally attached to Lan Su Chinese Garden the —Ed Krebs

Fall 2015 11 The Crook Family: In China for the Long Term by Shu Zhang reached the newly liberated Shilidian with Yu Xiji (Zhonghua Book Co.) Her (Ten Mile Inn) in the Shanxi-Hebei- works are rare historical documents on Professors David and Isabel Crook Shandong-Henan border region. They Chinese society. and their family are loved by the Chi- had planned to work in China for one The second year after their return nese people. Four generations of the and a half years. After familiarizing to China, David and Isabel accepted family live and work in China and themselves with the reality at the grass- an invitation from Comrade Wang regard China as their homeland. roots, their views on China changed, Bingnan to teach in a foreign affairs Born in Britain in 1910, David grad- and so did the rest of their lives. school (now Beijing Foreign Studies uated from Columbia University in A result of their investigations was University) in the village of Nanhai­shan the United States. He joined the Com- their classic 1959 study Revolution in near Shijiazhuang. They were pioneers munist Party of Great Britain in 1935. a Chinese Village: Ten Mile Inn and a of English teaching in New China. Being an anti-fascist internationalist 1979 sequel, Ten Mile Inn: Mass Move- Because of this job, they settled down fighter, he joined the International ment in a Chinese Village. In 1966 Isabel in China and forged inseparable bonds Brigades and plunged himself into the Crook published The First Years of Yangyi with the Chinese people, including anti-fascist struggle in Spain. In 1938, Commune. The books provide detailed, their students and villagers. They have he came to Shanghai and taught first at rich historical information and serve trained several generations of English Saint John’s University and later at the as good textbooks for Chinese and translators and interpreters, with stu- University of Nanking in Chengdu. He foreigners to learn about the land move- dents (and students of students) all over went back to Britain in 1942 and joined ment in China. the country. What’s more valuable is the Royal Air Force and was posted to Isabel conducted field research in that they have taught their children South Asia. After the war, he took Asian Sichuan in 1941. Decades later, in retire- and grandchildren to serve the Chinese studies at the University of London. ment, she wrote Property’s Predicament: people as well. David had read the book Red Star Identity, Reform, and Resistance in Rural Sharing weal and woe, they have tied Over China when he was in the Inter- Wartime China with Christina Kelley their fate closely with the destiny of the national Brigades in Spain. In his article Gilmartin. She also published a Chi- Chinese nation and formed inseparable entitled “Red Star Guides Me to China” nese book, Xinglong Chang: Field Notes ties with the revolutionary cause of the he wrote, “Snow’s report on the Soviet of a Village Called Prosperity 1940–1942 Chinese people. What should be men- area in China touched me, and I was tempted. It seemed to me at the time that there was something in common between the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in China and the anti-fascist war in Spain. So, when the International Brigades withdrew from Spain, I wanted to go to Bao’an and join the revolutionary struggle there.” His dream of coming to China came true. Isabel was born into a Canadian missionary family in Chengdu in 1915. She received a degree in psychology from the University of Toronto in 1938, with a minor in anthropology. Later that year she returned to Chengdu and conducted anthropological research in the surrounding area. It was here that she med David; they married in Britain in 1942. She also joined the Communist Party of Great Britain. During the war she worked in a munitions factory. In 1947, dispatched by the British Communist Party as international observers, the Crooks returned to Chi- In 1948 the Crooks went to work at the Foreign Affairs School attached to the North China na to observe land reform and party Military and Political University, headed by Ye Jianying (later Defense Minister). During this rectification movements led by the period there were periodical air raids, during which the students and faculty would disperse Chinese communists. They eventually into the hills. From left: Ye Jianying, Bill Hinton, David Crook, Isabel Crook.

12 US-China Review tioned specially is that at the height of the Cultural Revolution, in October 1967, David was put in jail for over five years without formal charges, while Isabel also was detained for three years “for investigation.” Their three teenage children, unattended, were sent to work in a farm machinery repair shop in the Haidian district. They all did well. They took care of themselves and learned fine qualities from Chinese workers. Not until 1973 when Zhou Enlai took up the matter personally were their grievances redressed, but they never uttered a word of complaint or regret. After rehabilitation, Isabel once again took up teaching while David joined the work of compiling a Chi- nese-English dictionary, the first such effort since the founding of the PRC. Soon after its publication, Professor Ying Manrong of the Editorial Com- mittee gave me a copy, which I still use Isabel Crook interviewing villagers during land reform in Shilidian (Ten Mile Inn) in 1947. today when doing translation. David Crook died in 2000, and Isabel still lives in Beijing. Studies University (BFSU) hosted a big benches were added, one of each side of party in celebration of the 100th birth- the bust. They were unveiled by Isabel, It was through Comrade Gao Liang, day of Isabel. Those invited were the He Liliang, BFSU President Peng Long vice president of the China Society for senior alumni. Mao Guohua presided, and Prof. Chen Lin, with the families People’s Friendship Studies (PFS), that and university president Peng Long of Carl Crook and Michael Crook in I first met the Crooks, then at the Bei- was among the 103 attendees. The hale attendance. jing Foreign Languages Institute. Gao and hearty Isabel accepted bouquets of Being advisor to the PFS, Isabel cares Liang had served as translator for the fowers, calligraphic works, and paint- very much about its work. Recently couple in Hebei province, during the ings. In her speech, He Liliang, widow she put forward valuable suggestions. civil war in 1947. of Huang Hua, recalled that 73 years She hoped that we would get in touch ago, that is in 1941, she had studied In recent years I have met more of with those old friends whom we had at the Foreign Affairs School in Yan’an, lost contact with; she provided us with the family. Their son Carl is married the predecessor of BFSU, and therefore to Marni Rosner, niece of William and their contact information. She wrote a she could be considered an old alumna. couplet for the PFS: “Cherish old friends Joan Hinton. I travelled with him in She regarded Isabel as her teacher and China in 2012. from the period of liberation and social- specially created a brightly-colored ist construction, let their descendants Michael Crook, like his parents, is painting, “Wintersweet,” as her birth- continue the friendship; Make new engaged in teaching and friendship day present. friends from the period of reform and work. He helped found an international Professor Chen Lin said, “We love opening to help build peace and har- school in Beijing and is chairman of you Isabel, because you are an interna- mony.” The volunteers of the PFS are the International Committee for the tionalist fighter. We love you because proud to have such a warm-hearted Promotion of Chinese Industrial Coop- you are our teacher. We love you be- senior among them. eratives. Taking advantage of his family cause all your life you live amongst background, he has contacted the de- us.” The speech was short, but moving. The author is vice president of the Society­ scendants of friendship-with-China As the celebration drew to a close, all for People’s Friendship Studies in Beijing. personages and formed a group called present sang in unison the song “Unity This article originally appeared in Voice Wuhusihai (All Corners of the World). Is Strength.” This is of great help to the work of the of Friendship. David Crook’s fascinating PFS, where Michael is an executive Afterwards a small ceremony was autobiography, Hampstead Heath to Tian council member. We in the society held in a peaceful and secluded place An Men, is available for free download have close contact with him and often on campus, where the bust of David at Davidcrook.net. Photos courtesy of the ask him to translate or polish articles Crook, donated by alumni of the year Crook family. of the PFS, so he is our English teacher. of 1949 on the occasion of his 100th birth anniversary, stood. Now, two On Nov 9, 2014, the Beijing Foreign Fall 2015 13 The Art of Xinhua By Paul Morris In the 1980s China’s state news agency, Xinhua, distributed photos to Western out- lets (including USCPFA) on a wide variety of subjects. Some reinforced current official campaigns and themes; others portrayed exotic locales and minority peoples. The themes, such as “China’s market is brisk,” are now dated, but the skill of Xinhua photographers make the images a lasting artistic achievement. These detailed black-and- white photos from 1982–1984 are presented here with their originally supplied captions. Photojournalism today relies on color im- ages, but these photographers were making virtuoso use of black-and-white film in that medium’s last years of dominance. It’s possible this is their first publication in the U.S. The original Xinhua captions are in italics.

Right: Youngsters of the Yunnan camp, a group of the 1982 national youngsters’ geo-study summer camp, studying the stone forest near Kunming, capital of Yunnan province. Photo by Min Fuwuan, 1982.

China Starts Socialist Ethics Month Right: One hundred and fifty service teams organized by the Textile Bureau in Wuhan, central China’s Hubei province, helped people repair wristwatches, bikes, and cut out garments on the streets on March 1, the first day of Socialist Ethics Month. Photo by Li Yifang, 1982.

14 US-China Review In both these images of mammoth machinery in Shenyang, effective use is made of the contrast between the workers and the outsized steel products that dwarf them.

Engineering Industry in Shenyang Upgraded The Shenyang Heavy Machinery Plant, which makes over 800 varieties of products, mainly turns out metallurgical and mining equipment. Shown [left] is a large ball mill being assembled. Below: Workers of the Shenyang Transformer Factory assembling a large transformer of 220,000 kilovolts-­amperes. More than 40 percent of the total large transform- ing and transmitting equipment used in the country is now made by this factory. Photos by Xiao Ye, 1984.

Fall 2015 15 The 1980s Economy These photographs date from the period just a few years after Deng Xiaoping’s accendancy. The terms mar- ket and responsibility system were widely used. In 1983 China’s gross domestic product was about $302 billion. Few people would anticipate that by 2015 it would be the world’s sec- ond-largest economy, with GDP exceeding $10 trillion.

Commercial departments throughout the country are laying in a rich stock of consumer goods for the coming Spring Festival, the Chinese ­Lunar New Year. The Shanghai Fowls and Eggs Company has a stock of 3.1 million chickens, ducks and geese for the festival. Above: preparing dried salted ducks at a food processing mill in Shanghai. Photo by Zhang Liuren, 1983.

China’s Market Is Brisk Below: Better service and a much greater sales volume have followed close on the trial practice in October 1982 of a responsibility system for the salespersons of the textiles counter at Dongfeng (East Wind) Bazaar in Beijing. The responsibility system sets a norm for each salesperson with a bonus reckoned on the basis of the amount sold. Photo by Bai Liansuo, 1983.

Above: A market of aquatic products in Guangzhou. The daily shipment of pond fish to Guangzhou from Nanhai, San­shui, Shunde, and other counties in the Pearl River Delta amounts to 125,000 kilograms. Photo by Pan Jiamin, 1983.

16 US-China Review Happy Children in New China Above left: Fourteen-year-old Young Pioneers PLA, Defender of New China of the Shanghai No. 6 Middle School eating In 1982 Xinhua distributed numerous of images of the People’s cake in celebration of their 14th birthday at Liberation Army, “Defender of New China.” Some featured military the Children’s Palace of the China’s Welfare exercises, others showed the army helping to sweep streets. This Society. Soon they will be in their youth. photo was captioned, “The Chinese P.L.A. navy men pratice the Photo by Wang Zijin, May 1982. operation of weapons on the vessel.” The sailors are artfully arranged around the artillery array. Photo by Deng Junzhao, July 1982.

Beijing Takes On a New Look Right: An overpass at Xizhimen, the biggest of its kind in Beijing. Its maximum traffic capacity per hour is about 6,000 motor vehicles and 20,000 motorless vehicles. Photo by Song Lianfeng, Nov. 1982.

This intersection has since been rebuilt. In 2015 it is ringed with skyscrapers and clogged with traffic.

Fall 2015 17 Book Reviews The China Collectors based on what appears to America’s Century-Long Hunt be solid research, on the for Asian Art Treasures how, why, and when many collectors acquired the by Karl E. Meyer and Shareen Blair items. It also talks of the Brysac. St. Martin’s, 2015, 432 pages encouragement, involve- Reviewed by Archie S. McKee ment, and collaboration with what was to become “Thanks to Salem the museum to which they sea captains, Gilded donated. It was a wild, Age millionaires, cu- sometimes dangerous, rators on horseback and often crazy experi- and missionaries gone ence for many. For others native, North America it was simply a business museums now possess investment opportunity the greatest collection guaranteeing their name of Chinese art outside to posterity. East Asia itself.” So begins the fyleaf of Some stories are sure to this excellent book by Meyer and Bry- bring a knowing smile to sac. I might add, “and many somewhat those knowledgeable about shady persons at all levels.” China. To one deeply interested in the art Dr. George Crofts, who was Collector Arthur Sackler, holding a silver wine horn and history of China, the book is a initially responsible for Chi- from fourth-century Persia. masterpiece of research and narrative. I nese collection at the Royal am sure with some embellishment, not Ontario Museum, was of- necessarily by the authors, but by the derstandably so. Typically, the curious, fered a head from Longmen by a dealer. colorful and sometimes questionable well intentioned foreigner is deterred by Thinking it a shame that the head had collectors, dealers, and now caretakers a maze of unfamiliar names clustered been taken from China, Crofts bought of these treasures. There was serious into a dozen dynasties, centered in a it and gave it back to the Chinese gov- competition between individuals and scattering of capitals, and spread over ernment. But the second time that cities to have the best, biggest, and most more than two millennia. this same head was offered to him, he from this new and somewhat unknown bought and kept it. And, land, China. USCPFA members who attended the Some stories are bound to disturb Chinese archaeology is still in its 2011 convention in Kansas City had readers. The book describes in detail infancy, about where Egyptology was a tour of the Nelson-Atkins Museum, the looting of the Summer Palace (Yuan in the middle of the 19th century, with one that, with its curator Lawrence Ming Yuan) in Beijing, the moral and many discoveries ahead. Trying to create Sickman, plays a major role in the book. ethical reasoning behind the presence a portrait of China now is like pho- And at the 2012 Washington Seminar, of the stone sculpture “Offering Pro- tographing a bullet train in motion; attendees were given a tour through the cession of Empress with Her Court” whatever one describes will almost cer- Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art by now on display at the Nelson-Atkins tainly be different in five to ten years. Dr. Daisy Yiyou Wang, one of the most Museum in Kansas City, and numer- The book is strongly recommended knowledgeable modern-day experts in ous other events. One such was the to those with an interest in Chinese Chinese art. She is mentioned several “purchase” in 1907 of 6,500 historical history and especially to anyone with times in the book. A pity that the Na- documents and paintings on paper and a serious interest in Chinese art. The tional Convention in San Francisco in silk from the Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu book includes a “Selective Bibliogra- 2009 did not have an opportunity to at Dun Huang for 130 British pounds, phy” that offers those that wish study visit the Asian Art Museum in that city. approximately $650 USD at the time! further sources of information that But all three are examples (yes, there Surely one of the greatest art “finds” or might prove of value. are more) of the fantastic collections “thefts” of all time, depending on your both big and small in North America. point of view. The book does a splendid job of Two comments in the book sum up The author is a member of the USCPFA Sarasota chapter. For a good video study of explaining what triggered the China for me the importance of the museum holdings: Chinese painting, he recommends James collecting bug in some of the more Cahill’s series, “A Pure and Remote View.” colorful personalities in the long China’s past is mostly a blank even to U.S.-China relation. It spends time otherwise literate North Americans. Un-

18 US-China Review BookBook ReviewsReviews Mao: The Real Story cow. The composition of each Politburo was dictated by the Soviets, sometimes by Alexander V. Pantsov by Stalin personally. Mikhail Borodin, with Steven I. Levine, their emissary in China, gave detailed Simon & Schuster, 2012, 755 pages instructions to the Chinese comrades. In the 1930s, “one could simply not Reviewed by Paul Morris talk about any degree of independence The life of the first leader of the on the part of the CCP. Complete fi- Chinese revolution remains a historical nancial dependence upon Moscow minefield four decades after his death in paralyzed the leaders of the communist 1976. The latest full treatment of Mao, movement.” subtitled “The Real Story,” approaches The degree to which Mao was a tool Mao reading Stalin. Photos from Mao: the balanced and detailed life that we of Stalin stands out as a major new the Real Story. need. theme in the study of Mao, but a caveat Pantsov, now an American academic, must remain concerning the sourcing The growth of the “cult of the leader” originally published his biography in in Moscow. Pantsov says he received began in the 1940s, the book shows, by Russian, using hitherto-secret files in unique access to the Communist Party which time Mao’s dominance was such Moscow. Levine is credited with the of the Soviet Union archives because of that he personally chose the members English translation. his personal ties with archivists. These of the Central Committee. The wor- No aspect of Mao’s life is neglected, are sources other scholars cannot check, ship of “Mao Zedong Thought” was from his youth in Hunan to revolution- therefore they and some documents to follow. ary activities in Beijing and Shanghai, from restricted Chinese sources should The account of post-1949 China to his inner-party struggles and success bear an asterisk. is thorough, particularly on Soviet in gaining power and molding a new Some other episodes from the forma- relations and the Mao-Khrushchev China according to Leninist principles. tive years of the revolution are given relationship. In 1957–1958 Mao’s eco- Perhaps the most revelations and new emphasis: the role of the landless nomic path had so diverged from that original analyses come in chapters and unemployed Chinese “lumpen of the USSR that it was then appropri- on the early history of the Chinese proletariat was hotly debated, with Mao ate to talk about Maoism supplanting Communist Party. Mao’s changing usually taking the most radical view Stalinism. alliances with Li Lisan, Wang Meng, that these sometimes-criminal rural Their estimate for the death toll Zhang Guotao are detailed; the CCP’s wanderers had the most revolutionary of the politically-caused famine of debates over the role of revolutionary potential. The Xi’an Incident is feshed 1959–1961 is 30 million, with an ac- violence, their views of middle peasants out with cables from Moscow direct- companying devasting economic loss. (“kulaks”), urban versus rural struggles ing all the players. The role played in Pantsov and Levine make use of are described extensively. the revolution by the Hakka people of hindsight to criticize some Western From its earliest years the CCP was southern China is well told. China hands and their early support in close contact with Moscow, and of the PRC. Edgar Snow and John S. the Soviet bureaucrats were relentless Service are described as duped by Mao. record keepers. They kept files on all Mao’s family life is detailed here, the major Chinese leaders, with Mao’s with a memorable portrait of his second occupying fifteen volumes. Political wife Yang Kaihui. The ideal Bolshevik reports, medical records, wiretap tran- had no time for human feelings, and scripts from spies, accusatory letters, Mao always neglected his family in minutes of meetings: all were filed away, favor of the party. He lived out his life according to Pantsov. He discovered friendless and feared by others. This the birth certificate of a previously ample biography makes progress in our unknown ninth child of Mao. understanding of the dictator as a per- Financial records show that the son, but his core remains impenetrable. Chinese Communists were from the The authors of this welcome study beginning reliant on Moscow for fund- summarize Mao Zedong as “an authen- ing. Besides anointing the nascent CCP tically Chinese leader and ideologist from among other parties, the Sovi- who was able to combine the principles ets early on recognized Mao, citing of foreign Bolshevism not only with the his insights on revolutionary peasant practice of the Chinese revolution, but movements. In political matters, every Mao and his daughter Li Na (far left), also with Chinese tradition.” decision had to be checked with Mos- early 1950s.

Fall 2015 19 Book Reviews movement of being undemocratic in but join it in order to have valuable con- their leadership and of capitalizing on nections. The Party’s preferred method the tragedy. This collection begins with today is “neither bamboozlement by Liu’s writings about those protests, in- ideology nor repression by brute force, cluding poignant poems about those but the soft tactic of buying people who died. off,” he writes. Elsewhere, he takes aim at both Chi- China’s successful reforms, started nese and Westerners who believe that more than thirty years ago when Deng the other’s culture holds all the answers Xiaoping was in power, were “conces- to humanity’s problems. sions that the top was forced to make He is especially harsh toward fellow because of pressure from below,” Liu Chinese writers—those who survived writes. The internet plays a key role the Communist system by denounc- in continuing that progress and in ing others or self-censoring their own fighting official abuse, he notes: “The No Enemies, No Hatred: words. regime’s traditional ways of blocking Critics may find that Liu goes too far information and controlling discussion Selected Essays and Poems in blaming Mao’s zealous ideology for are now largely obsolete.” some of today’s problems—including But the internet also helps to spread by Liu Xiaobo the explicit sexual content that appears what Liu calls China’s “virulent nation- Belknap Press of Harvard University on blogs in China. But Liu writes that alism,” often directed against the U.S. Press, 2012, 400 pages, $29.95 the “class struggle” mentality of that or Japan. The Communist Party unites the public under nationalism as a way Reviewed by Mike Revzin to hold on to power, Liu writes. Visitors who expect China to look The Party’s preferred Liu’s writings also scrutinize the ef- like a police state are surprised to see fect on society of China’s well-known luxury hotels, well-dressed people, method today is “neither one-child policy, as well as problems trendy restaurants, chaotic traffic— bamboozlement by ideology that receive less worldwide attention, even goofy game shows on TV. such as child slavery. Liu Xiaobo, the 2010 Nobel Peace nor repression by brute The most offbeat essay in this collec- Prize winner, acknowledges that Chi- force, but the soft tactic of tion is Liu’s plan on how to end friction na’s reforms have brought economic with Tibet, and overnight improve Chi- freedom and “relief from the pervasive buying people off.” na’s public image in the world. Saying poverty and totalitarianism of the Mao that Barack Obama’s election reversed Zedong era.” history and showed “the greatness of But, as the dissident writer’s current time led to a spiritual vacuum. the American system,” Liu suggests that eleven-year sentence for “incitement Liu blames the Communist system China invite the exiled Dalai Lama to of subversion” illustrates, aspects of a for major problems facing China today. return home and become president of police state still exist. For example, he says that people are China. This book is the first English language not upset at the gap between rich and At his trial, Liu said he supports a collection of Liu’s poems and essays, poor, but that corrupt officials and their gradual and peaceful political reform including works that the Chinese gov- friends have most of the opportunities. for China, not a sudden or violent ernment cited when convicting him in Even China’s state-run media report revolution. 2009. The editors do an excellent job that thousands of riots occur each year Liu’s sentence ends in June 2020. It’s of adding notes to help foreign readers when corrupt officials confiscate land uncertain how much China’s political understand the background of topics to enrich themselves with crony capi- system will change by then. But one he mentions. talism deals. thing seems certain: if the injustices The title comes from a statement This will continue, Liu writes, until that Liu has railed against are still in he prepared for his trial: “I have no citizens are allowed to own land, and place, he will not be timid about speak- enemies, and no hatred.” No ene- Communist Party officials are not al- ing his mind. mies, perhaps, but the 56-year-old Liu lowed to overrule courts. Poverty in China “is not just a matter certainly has many targets for his crit- Mike Revzin, a journalist who worked in icism—and not just the Communist of inadequate resources or supply, but China, runs ­ChinaSeminars.com to help Party. more a poverty of the political system foreigners prepare for work or travel in Liu accuses some big-name protesters and a poverty of rights,” says Liu. China. This review originally appeared in involved in the 1989 Tiananmen Square Young people no longer believe in the The Christian Science Monitor. Communist Party’s ideology, Liu says,

20 US-China Review A Heart for Freedom valuable. Chai portrays herself and her husband, another leader, as striving to by Chai Ling avoid violence. In fact, she organized USCPFA Tyndale the peaceful withdrawal of students on Momentum, the night of the massacre. She says she National Directory 2012, 370 pages did not witness the deaths on Chang An Avenue and in the outlying districts. President Reviewed by To avoid the dragnet cast over Bei- Diana Greer Paul Morris jing she travelled and hid throughout 105 Treva Road This book’s southern China for several years, aided Sandston, VA 23150 804-737-2704 subtitle, “The often by Buddhists. She made it to Hong [email protected] Remarkable Kong secreted in a wooden crate in Journey of a which she had to crouch for four days. Treasurer Young Dissident, After making her way to the U.S., Wen Li her Daring Escape, and her Quest to she tried for a time to remain involved 6600 Lyndale Ave. South #1306 Free China’s Daughters,” tells us it is in Chinese human rights struggles, but Richfield, MN 55423 about more than Tiananmen Square the student movement fragmented 952-831-2649 in 1989, but that time in Chai Ling’s and weakened. As other former Tian- [email protected] life is by far the most rich in current anmen rebels drifted away, Chai Ling historical interest. found an interest in business, started a Membership Beijing University student Chai software company, became a Christian Marge Ketter Ling became known as a leader and and ­anti-abortion activist. 7088 SE Rivers Edge Street Jupiter, FL 33458 spokesperson for those in the square, In recent years Chai has taken aim Phone 561-747-9487 particularly in several interviews broad- at the Tiananmen documentary in Fax 561-745-6189 cast during the demonstrations and which she was featured, The Gate of [email protected] shortly after June 6. In one notable Heavenly Peace. Unfortunately her se- interview from a documentary she ries of lawsuits against the filmmakers, Tours was heard wishing for violence in the Richard Gordon and Carma Hinton, Position currently unoccupied. square, but she maintains she was mis- has hindered the distribution of the Contact President Diana Greer interpreted. film. It’s ironic that a leader of the 1989 if you have questions. While the overall account of 1989 movement would obstruct a valuable is not new, the insider’s perspective is document of the students’ struggle. Center for Teaching About China Kathleen Trescott 1214 W. Schwartz Heaven Cracks, Earth Shakes the capitalist roaders who use the fear Carbondale, IL 62901 of an earthquake to sabotage the de- 618-203-1807 The Tangshan Earthquake and nunciation of Deng!” [email protected] the Death of Mao’s China Interviews with survivors in Tang- shan cast vivid light on the tragedy of US-China Review (USCR) by James Palmer the earthquake. An official death toll Marci Duryea, Prod. Coordinator 3S244 Cypress Drive Basic Books, 2012, 273 pages was 242,000, but when outlying dis- Glen Ellyn, IL 60137-7361 tricts are added the estimate is 650,000. 630-469-8710 Reviewed by Paul Morris Rescuers from the PLA were rushed in [email protected] 1976 was a cataclysmic year in to help, but bureaucratic obstacles and Chinese history, when the deaths of badly built housing were a problem. USCR Subscriptions Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Mao Zedong Palmer’s telling of the end of the Marge Ketter shocked the political system, a mas- Gang of Four is balanced and detailed. 7088 SE Rivers Edge Street sive earthquake devastated Tangshan The bold role of Ye Jianying in organiz- Jupiter, FL 33458 in northern China, and a brief power ing the “palace coup” is highlighted. Phone 561-747-9487 struggle ended the Cultural Revolution. “It didn’t help that the Gang wasn’t Fax 561-745-6189 Earthquake prediction was a hot much of a gang at all,” he comments. [email protected] topic in China at this time, with politics They did not meet regularly and failed Film & Audio-Visual Library and science intermixing. Unrealistic to detect the plot against them. Richard Pendleton The author describes a memorial to claims were made for new techniques, 19 Hemenway Street #1 the victims in Tangshan while noting and after the disaster there was re- Boston, MA 02115 crimination. The Gang of Four were the continuing taboo against discussing 617-353-1211 victims of the land reform, Anti-Rightist so occupied by criticism of their bête [email protected] noire Deng Xiaoping that they politi- Campaign, the Great Leap Forward and cized relief work: “Solemnly condemn the 1959–1961 famine.

Fall 2015 21 Book Reviews

Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War by Stephen R. Platt However, Platt does not devote much Alfred A. Knopf, 2012, 512 pages attention to life in the Heavenly King- dom in the 1850s. His narrative focuses Reviewed by Bart Trescott on two protagonists, Hong Rengan and Zeng Guofan. Rengan became fuent “The war that engulfed China from in English. He became an advocate of 1851 to 1864 was not only the most modernization, particularly trade and destructive war of the nineteenth cen- transport. In 1859 he became a top tury, but likely the bloodiest civil war of official and adviser to Xuiquan. His all time… [I]n its brutal fourteen year contacts with westerners and his com- course at least twenty million people mitment to modernization captivated lost their lives to warfare and its atten- many foreign observers. The Heav- dant horrors of famine and pestilence. enly Kingdom undertook ambitious In terms of the American Civil War, collectivist programs, most notably a with which it coincided in its final land redistribution. But Nanjing was years, the death toll of the Chinese under siege, a stalemate which lasted civil war was at least thirty times as for six years. The Taiping were never high.” (xxiii) able to control Shanghai. Fighting in Professor Platt’s opening comment the interior generated a vast fow of alerts us to the importance of his top- refugees into Shanghai, which held half navigated the imperial examinations ic not merely in Chinese history, but a million Chinese by 1860. and became member of the Hanlin world history. At their peak, the Taiping­ Academy. Charged in 1853 with devel- Platt examines at length the Brit- forces controlled most of the highly oping the militia in his native Hunan ish-led invasion of North China in productive central Yangtze delta, with province, he set in motion a highly 1860. Its purpose was to enforce and their capital located in Nanjing. They systematic program of recruitment and extend the 1858 Treaty of Tianjin. constituted a viable independent state. training. He stressed the command When the Qing authorities mistreat- Had they secured the support of the “Love the People.” Despite uneven ed members of a British negotiating British, that state might have persisted. military achievement, he was in 1860 team, the enraged British and their appointed governor-general of Anhui, The Taiping movement centered allies destroyed Yuanmingyuan, the Jianxu and Jianxi provinces. around Hong Xuiquan, a brilliant mem- emperor’s favorite residence. ber of the Hakka ethnic group. Xiuquan In Britain many people supported In August 1861 the Xianfeng em- experienced a number of mystical vi- the Taiping combination of Christianity peror died. His heir was only five years sions which he eventually systematized and a favorable attitude toward trade old. His mother became the Dowager into a semblance of Christianity. He and investment. But their concern for Empress Cixi. She helped arrange a believed himself to be the younger the treaty ports on the Yangtze led the coup in November 1861, removing brother of Jesus. Aided by his cousin British to provide military support for the Manchu leaders who were most Hong Rengan and by missionary tracts, the imperial forces in the summer of intransigent against modernization. Xuiquan began to assemble converts. 1862. Though this broke down, the This move helped to preserve the Qing Violence by the Qing government Taiping regime was collapsing from monarchy for another half century. The against the Hakkas led them to arm internal problems. The territories “unequal treaties” enlarged the range themselves and begin a revolutionary controlled by the Taiping were so dev- of treaty ports which became centers campaign. astated there was little food. for economic improvement. The new In January 1851 Hong Xuiquan treaty also opened to foreign vessels In the spring of 1864, the imperial declared himself the Heavenly King the right to navigate up the Yangtze. forces launched a fearsome campaign of a new Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Much of the military action involved against the walls of Nanjing, described In March 1853 the Taiping captured control of the major ports on that river. in fascinating detail. On July 19, a Nanjing. The Manchu defenders, who massive explosion which killed four Platt chronicles the ultimate defeat sought to surrender, were slaughtered hundred of the attackers opened a of the Taiping through the rise of Zeng with their families. Nanjing became breach in the wall almost two hundred Guofan. “He wasn’t a fighting man but the Taiping capital, but was severely feet long. They discovered the Heavenly a scholar: a man of books and poetry depopulated as survivors fed to safer King had died a few weeks earlier. As and moral philosophy…,”(114) who locations. so often happened, the remaining resi-

22 US-China Review BookBook ReviewsReviews dents were slaughtered. This effectively as high as 57 million. China’s modern government has come, ended the war. Platt’s book described a dreadful post-Mao, toward a society of domestic The war brought appalling brutal- period in Chinese history. The Commu- peace, prosperity and order. ity; prisoners of war could expect to nist regime holds the Taiping in high be murdered; residents of captured esteem. It is a fascinating counter­factual Longtime USCR contributor Bart Tres- cities could expect the same. While whether they could have created a cott’s history of USCPFA will be published traditional estimates of the death toll viable and beneficial government. this fall. He has taught economics in run on the order of 20-30 million, a Modern readers should treat Platt’s universities in the U.S. and China. 1999 Chinese study put the direct toll book as implicit testimony to how far

China Dolls a nightclub—the China Doll—in New York City, and when the Chinese night- By Lisa See club era ends, they are on television a Random House, 2014, 416 pages number of times. When they want to perform, they go on the “Chop-Suey Reviewed by Rezsin Adams Circuit,” going from city to city in dif- ferent parts of the country. Sometimes “Only three things cannot be long they dance together, sometimes alone. hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.” —attributed to Buddha Their writing is very lively. It’s mostly conversation, and we listen in. While I Part One – The Sun: October 1938– thought that they were real people, the July 1940. China Dolls is the story of author tells us China Dolls is historical three women from different parts of the fiction. But I knew all the song titles, country who leave home to find work in and I can answer Helen’s question, San Francisco. They meet by chance and “What do you suppose the government immediately become friends. Grace, wants with milkweed pods?” seventeen, is a very good dancer; Hel- And then we come to Part Three – en, twenty, hates her job; and Ruby, The Truth: December 1945 – June 1948, nineteen, is very good looking. They which is the heart of the book. The audition at a nightclub and Grace and secrets are laid bare. It is overwhelming Helen get jobs. Ruby finds a job at the The show opens at the Forbidden and almost too much. It is not a fairy International Exposition on Treasure City, and Grace and Helen make out tale. Then there is one more chapter Island (wearing almost no clothes). very well. But it seems that show that Grace writes just as she wrote the This is the story of a nightclub called business goes up and down, up and beginning chapter. Grace and Helen the Forbidden City, staffed by Orientals, down. Sometimes they are working, and Ruby meet again fifty years later as they call themselves, but not located sometimes not. However, they become at a benefit at the Mark Hopkins Hotel. in Chinatown. The story is told in a famous even in Grace’s small town, and And Grace ends her chapter this way: somewhat unusual way. Grace, Helen Ruby is on the cover of Life magazine. “Love envelops us, and we dance and and Ruby write the chapters in turn, The details of the entertainment busi- dance and dance.” which makes for very lively reading. ness are interesting. After the story ends, there is a section Grace begins by telling that she’s run Part Two – The Moon: August 1940– of acknowledgments in which the au- away from an abusive home in Ohio, September 1945. History catches up thor tells us that although China Dolls is but she keeps the details hidden. Then with the book’s story on Pearl Har- a novel, she did a lot of research, talked Helen takes over. She lives with her bor Day. Life changes, especially for to people, read newspapers, articles and family in a traditional Chinese home, women, but the war affects everyone. books, looked at movies, and so on, but she’s unhappy and eager to get Sometimes, the women make a lot of to make sure the story is historically away. She has secrets, too. money, sometimes they are broke. Of accurate. It was a treat to read. Next, Ruby takes a turn. She says that course, they are worried and upset. she likes boys and boys like her. She is There’s an undercurrent of tension between them, and they are jealous Rezsin Adams is a USCPFA member in more worldly than the others. They the Northeast New York chapter and an and competitive but remain off-and- make friends with a college student work- indefatigable reviewer for this journal. ing for the summer at the Exposition. on friends. The war ends and their We wonder whose boyfriend he’ll be. fortunes rise. They have good jobs at

Fall 2015 23 Book Reviews

Frog Then the story changes. The frogs, with their slimy underbellies, enter the by Mo Yan, story. Why frogs? There are thousands Member Address translated of them. Do they symbolize life? Some- by Howard one gives a box to Gugu and when she Updates Goldblatt. opens it a large frog jumps out and she are extremely Viking, 2015, faints. At another time she walks in 400 pages the mud with the frogs. Then there is important! a strange character, a folk artist, who US-China Review issues which Reviewed by makes dolls out of clay. He gives them have incorrect addresses are Rezsin Adams away to women who come to pray at not returned for correction, the statue of the Godess of Fertility. He they are just discarded ! The Mo Yan is a is married to Gugu. US-China Review mailing list great storyteller­ How does it all fit together? It isn’t relies on members, chapters and Frog is a fascinating book. The clear, but fascinating. In the end Gugu and regions to keep mailing author of the 1987 novel Red Sorghum and Tadpole talk about death but decide addresses current. Please Clan, Mo won the Nobel Prize for lit- they want to go on living. send all corrections to erature in 2012. Frog, originally published in China Marge Ketter at in 2009, starts with a list of the many, An American Teacher 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., many characters that appear in the Jupiter, FL 33458 book. The chief character is Gugu, a in China, 1980–81: Phone 561-747-9487 doctor, and obstetrician, and an abor- The Joys and Frustrations Fax 561-745-6189 tionist. She delivers her first baby when [email protected] By Joyce Dutcher she is seventeen and beautiful. When CreateSpace, 2015, 314 pages she is middle-aged, she drinks too much, smokes too many cigarettes, is overweight and clumsy, and still Reviewed by Mike Revzin delivering babies. When Joyce Dutcher went to North- The story is told in letters her neph- east China to teach English in 1980, ew, Tadpole, writes to a friend, plus a China had just opened to the world. short play at the end of the book. The Living conditions were Spartan, and first letter is dated 21 March 2002 and bureaucratic rules were frustrating. But the last 3 June 2009. The story starts students were eager and welcoming, much earlier when there is a famine, and Dutcher had a wonderful expe- people are starving and school children rience. National are eating coal. (Of course, Frog is fic- Her just-published book, which I tion.) Then there is a super crop of sweet edited, is listed as fiction because she USCPFA has potatoes and everyone has more than changed the names of some people. But enough to eat. Many women become it is basically a diary of what it was like brochures pregnant, threatening the food supply. to work in China at that time. Readers Family planning is the law of the land. who had first-hand experience in China for you! So the war starts. Gugu is in charge. It during those early years will enjoy the is her job and her passion. Women, details, and anyone who has visited Contact Barbara families, do not want to give up their China in recent years will be amazed Harrison to receive fetuses to abortion. at how different things were way back Mo Yan picks out some very mov- then. your chapter’s 100 ing stories to tell. Women run away, FREE copies! families hide their pregnant members, Mike Revzin is a member of the Atlanta Gugu goes crazy looking for them. Can chapter of USCPFA and an editor of USCR. Phone 952-894-5745, a tragedy be beautiful? In later life, Gugu and her assistant Little Lion give 952-894-0279, or email up performing abortions. Gugu suffers too. She is attacked, is injured, there are fistfights, people die, commit suicide [email protected] or attempt to.

24 US-China Review BookBook ReviewsReviews

American Heathen Written and illustrated by the members of the Stanford Graphic Novel Project. Edited by Scott Hutchins and Shimon Tanaka, Stanford University, 2015

Reviewed by Winny Lin This graphic novel produced by a group of Stanford students describes what a Chinese-American did for the civil rights of his own people in the late 19th century during the Exclusion Act. Now the scenery has changed, most of Chinese-Americans are working more than in just restaurant and laundry business, but we are still struggling to improve our rights and places in the United States of America. The heathen of the title was Wong addition, Chinese were not allowed to he even offered $500 reward for anyone Chin Foo (王清福). He knew to use the bear witness in court. who could prove that Chinese ate cats same tactics we are using today to fight Wong established the Chinese Rights and rats. Unfortunately, I have been for the rights for Chinese-Americans— League and organized meetings to dis- asked by people in the Midwest if our newspaper, associations, testimony cuss how to protest the Geary Act. “We Chinese restaurants serve cats and rats! before Congress, and traveling lectures. won’t let stand a law that treats us like Other than his fight for civil rights, In 1874 Wong became a naturalized the branded cattle.” Over a thousand Wong struggled with his own identity. U.S. citizen. However when he exercised prominent Americans came to support Was he a Chinese or an American? his right to vote, he was thrown into their rally at Cooper Union in New He had been educated by Christian jail. He remarked, “Cutting my queue, York. This reminded me of the rally missionaries and baptized a Christian. speaking perfect English, lecturing to held in Washington, DC in 1963 . No However, when he travelled around to thousands—none of it matters.” It is wonder Wong was compared with Mar- speak to the general American public, still true that in parts of America to- tin Luther King, Jr. he often praised Confucius’s teaching day, there is still subtle discrimination He also spoke for 150,000 Chinese as the reason for a harmonious soci- against Chinese-Americans. I remem- in the U.S. and testified at a hearing ety and criticized “the hypocrisy of ber when our attorney first jokingly in Congress and faced Congressman Christianity.” And that is “why I am a called my husband “Chinaman” many Thomas J. Geary himself. Protesting heathen,” he proclaimed. He worked years ago, my smile froze and did not the photo I.D. required of Chinese hard to protect the rights of Chinese know how to respond. Last year when under the act, he said, “I will not be in America, but was often sought after I subbed in a fifth grade classroom in photographed against my will like a by Chinese tongs (secret societies), Kentucky, a girl was mocking me and criminal. I would be hanged first.” because he wrote about the vice of my accent. Where did all these come Why should Chinese be singled out Chinatown. When he was in China, from? History and stereotype? for this treatment? Although he did the Qing government put a reward on In 1891, Wong founded a weekly not succeed, Secretary of the Treasury his head, due to his anti-government newspaper, the Chinese American, in Carlisle approved modifications to the activities. So where could he find his New York City. It reminds me of the government’s procedures to enforcing place? Over 150 years later, many of us Boston Gazette during America’s Revo- the Geary Act. So Wong’s effort did also are facing the dilemma: Chinese lutionary War. The purpose was to keep pay off. or Americans? Or do we get the best of the people informed and organized to Last he traveled around and gave two worlds? fight for their rights. In 1893, he wrote speeches to the American public, in his paper about Geary Act, which was promoting the awareness of Chinese the extension of the Exclusion Act and Winny Lin is Vice President of the South culture, Confucianism, and the evil Bay USCPFA chapter. You can down- informed Chinese that new laws were of opium brought by western world enforced to require all Chinese carry load a free copy of this graphic novel by to China. He even defended Chinese searching for “Stanford Graphic Novel their resident permit, or they would be food against the rumor of rats and cats Project 2015.” deported or get a year of hard labor. In served in Chinese restaurants. One time

Fall 2015 25 Chapter & Regional News

WESTERN REGION home cooking. These entrepreneurs EASTERN REGION also opened tea houses—“the first Star- Sweet and Sour bucks,” John quipped—offering tea and Northeast New York On June 28, John Jung and Flo Oy a safe, relaxed atmosphere for Chinese On April 18, 2015 we had our annual Wong spoke to the South Bay chapter men to hang out. banquet at the Capital Buffet. It was about the advent of Chinese restaurants To many Americans, these places well attended and a great time for in America. John is the author of five were an anomaly. According to the friends, old and new, to get together. books, including Sweet and Sour: Life in book Chinese Cooking, the average We had several honorable guests Chinese Family Restaurants. Artist Flo American approached the Chinese ­table including John T McDonald III (New Oy Wong grew up in Oakland work- with “fear and trepidation.” York State Assemblyman), Patricia Fahy ing from the age of five in her family’s This changed a bit in 1896 when (New York State Assemblywoman), restaurant, Great China. They have Viceroy Li Hung Chang visited Phila- Diana Bennet (Constituent Represent­ been presenting together, exploring delphia. This was a big deal, and people ative to Congressman Paul Tonko and how restaurants, eating habits, and gathered in the streets to see the im- her daughter Jie Jie), and Thad Ruther­ attitudes have evolved. portant visitor from China. He was ford (Chief of Staff to Assemblyman asked what he had eaten in America. Phil Steck). All of these guests spoke He responded that he had tried Chop at the banquet. Suey, a dish he seemed unfamiliar with, Awards were given to Ann ­Parillo and that it was delicious. (Friendship Builder Award, for the From then on everyone focked to member who has done the most to pro- discover what this “chop suey” was. mote U.S.–China Friendship), Sophia­ Guided tours to Chinatown chop suey Tien-Hui Hsia (Friendship Link Award, restaurants came in vogue (because for the person or group that has done certainly going on one’s own was too the most outside of USCPFA to pro- scary.) For a while, you couldn’t find a mote U.S.-China friendship), and Alyssa restaurant without the name chop suey Decker and Benjamin Johnson (Tema displayed prominently somewhere. In Bellison Memorial Scholarship Award), fact, in 1927, Mazola corn oil gave out for the top area students in Chinese the recipe in the local papers, of course Culture this year. John Jung and Flo Oy Wong. insisting that one needed to use the For entertainment we had Peter War- John, who grew up in Georgia in Mazola product for the right favor. ren, Andrew Wheeler, Samantha King, the fifties, said he didn’t know Chinese Flo Oy Wong, who grew up as one of and Jackie O’Brien for our American restaurants existed until his family seven children, said that they all worked entrainment, and Lu Wang on the erhu moved to San Francisco when he was in the family restaurant Great China and Lily Dong on the zither (zen) for fifteen. He’d never seen cha siu bao from 1943–1961. Without pay. They the Chinese music. or wontons. He had only eaten his served okay Chinese food and good It was a very enjoyable night and a mother’s cooking. What were these American food, making one wonder if wonderful time was had by all. the only thing that was Chinese about establishments? —from Kirk Huang, NE New York When John researched the history of the restaurant was that it was owned and operated by a Chinese family. Chinese restaurants, he discovered that MIDWEST REGION a century ago, they were a rare item. Flo mentioned that it was fascinating In fact, for most Americans, eating out to hear how many Chinese people had been involved in the restaurant busi- Minnesota Welcomes New was a rare past-time. It wasn’t until after Deputy Consul General WWII that newly prosperous people ness. Sure enough, our Vice President ventured out of their homes to eat. Winny Lin and her husband Kenny In April Minnesota chapter leaders The Chinese, however, had an earlier had opened a restaurant in Kentucky in Ralph Beha, Linda Mealey-Lohman, restaurant-going history. the 70s. This led to spirited memories. and Wen Li met with the new Depu- In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act John mentioned that in the latter ty Consul General from Chicago, Mr. ended up creating a bachelor society half of the 20th century, as the result Jun Liu, over lunch at Little Szechuan, made up of men who lived in cramped of Immigration Reform in 1965 and along with Mr. Guo Jinyue, Vice Con- quarters with no kitchens. Many of Nixon Ping-Pong Diplomacy in 1972, sul of Political and Press Affairs, and these men did not have a clue about there was an infux of great cooks, and Mr. Han Li, Vice Consul of Political cooking. This created an opportunity different styles of Chinese cooking. The and Press Affairs. Ralph talked about for those who did. They opened the result is that Chinese restaurants today ­USCPFA-MN’s mission and the the long first restaurants, serving meals to the are part of the mainstream. sister relationships; Linda talked about workmen—not “orange chicken,” but —from Jana McBurney-Lin, South Bay the two China Garden projects. 26 US-China Review Chapter & Regional News

Minnesota (cont.) Southeast Florida In May was “Building Friendships,” At a lunch in March Bingbing a free USCPFA-MN members event Zhang presented a slide show with talks by three speakers about of her hometown in China cross-cultural relationship building. and the Sias International Some highlights: University, the first solely Marco Lanz said he first experienced American-owned University China in Chongqing as a college lec- in Central China. Affiliated turer. He spoke about the differences with Zhengzhou University between college students in China and and Fort Hays State University college students in U.S. He also lived of Kansas, it was developed in Chengdu, which has more Western and designed in response to amenities. Marco discussed how differ- the most current educational ent and difficult it was to branch out demands. and find relationships in local Chinese It is the first full-time under- community when there were so many graduate university approved other expats like him around. by the Degree Committee of Tedmund Leung worked in Beijing the State Council in China for four years and learned the impor- to grant both Chinese and tance of finding a local peer to help American bachelor’s degrees. navigate the working world in China, Sias is also accredited by the including how to best build and nur- China Ministry of Education. ture relationships with Chinese. He Combining Chinese and recommended utilizing free time to Western educational philos- spend with colleagues and better build ophies, Sias aims to develop those relationships in spaces other than sophisticated and specialized an office. talents that can make contri- Whitney Clark discussed the role butions to the modernization cultural perceptions of friendship and and economic development a lack of common experiences between of China. To achieve this aim, American and Chinese peoples play through a modern, beauti- SE FLorida Chapter member Bruce Babcock, shown in being challenges to building deep ful environment, a visionary with Jin Weiqing, Shanghai Women’s Federation friendships. She talked about some curriculum and diverse cam- Liaison Department, has been independently avenues for building shared experi- pus activities, it broadens traveling in China for five weeks. He stopped by the ences that can lead to nurturing strong the views of its students and SWF in May to deliver chapter greetings. friendships (i.e. joining organizations encourages creativity and in- such as USCPFA to find others with dependent thought. The participation similar interests). of foreign faculty members and the use of English-language teaching materials also enhance bilingual communication If you do not see your SOUTHERN REGION skills. chapter’s activities She described her work and her en- here, please urge your Sarasota vironmental studies. She leaves West At our April meeting outgoing Chapter Palm Beach on Monday May 5th. She chapter’s leadership to President Archie McKee introduced Dr. has completed her master’s in environ- submit news and photos Alhan Kuhn, who spoke to us about mental studies and has been accepted to the USCR often! natural medicine. She spoke of old by University of Central Florida in Or- traditional Chinese medicine versus lando to study for her doctorate in The publication her holistic approach. She emphasizes environmental education. She is also schedule and editors’ thinking of teaching English to Chinese prevention through healthy eating emails can be found at and wellness training. After answering children in the U.S. because she says questions, she led us in some simple that in many families of first-generation uscpfa.org. qigong exercises. parents, only Mandarin is spoken at A new Board was approved by the home and the children are at a disad- membership. vantage in school.

Fall 2015 27 Transitions

Remembering Edna Lau as the first and only chronic disease re- dedication they gave to our organiza- habilitation nursing consultant for the tion and mission. Occasionally, we still by Henry Lim State of Hawaii’s Department of Health. refer to Dr. and Mrs. Jim for advice. November 4, In this capacity, she helped write the 2015, will be the state medical policies for homecare Henry Lim is President of the USCPFA first anniversary of and kidney-dialysis facilities. For ini- Hawaii Subregion. Edna Lau’s death. tiating various benefits in self-care for What follows is an stroke patients, Edna was awarded the account of Edna’s ACE Achievement Award by Governor Judy Lee, 1948–2015 fruitful and inspir- George Ariyoshi. Longtime North Bay chapter leader ing life, covering Typically, Edna never mentioned Judy Murdoch Lee died in Pinole, Cal- her achievements in family, career, the many accolades she received. A ifornia, in July. Some remembrances and volunteer work. couple of “firsts”: She was the first -Ha from Western Region members: Edna (nee Yuk Lin Ho) Lau was born waiian-born and first Chinese American admitted to the Cornell University-NY John Marienthal: I first really met in Honolulu in 1928 to immigrant Judy in the 1980s. She seemed like a parents from Guangdong. Edna’s father Hospital School of Nursing, and first in the Ho family to graduate from college. breath of fresh air for the association. was a meat cutter in Chinatown, and She impressed me as a down-to-earth, her mother worked in the pineapple Upon retirement in 1994, Edna be- gan twenty years of volunteering. She practical person. Judy and Ruby Fong cannery. Through sheer will and love, were the working engines of the West- the two sent their three daughters and first served as the AARP State Health Advocate Director. She led the AARP ern Region. They both managed and one son to parochial schools. promoted a tour program that brought Edna graduated from high school Health Advocacy Program and trained over forty volunteer leaders in a project several thousand people to China. at the Sacred Heart Academy in 1947. Judy organized many tours around She was editor of the school newspaper called “Staying Healthy after Fifty.” She was honored nationally; thereafter, four staying in Qufu and the Confucian and literary editor of the yearbook in school there. One of the nice touches her senior year. Upon graduation, she local volunteers were also given awards. One of those honored was Yun was to go to a small village nearby was awarded a four-year scholarship to where two or three guests would eat a a Catholic university in California but Soong Jim, wife of Dr. Vernon Jim; both became close friends of Edna. The meal in someone’s home. was unable to proceed because of tight Within the Oakland–North Bay family finances. Instead, she attended Jims were longtime members of the Honolulu chapter. From them, Edna group Judy was one of the first persons the University of Hawaii and took up to work with a new group of people biological science. Then she transferred learned about USCPFA and joined. When the need for someone to revi- interested in China. Many people had to Cornell University–New York Hospi- adopted Chinese orphans. Judy helped tal School of Nursing and graduated in talize the O’ahu chapter arose, Edna was tapped to lead it. Life in retirement organize activities around helping these 1952 with a BSN and a public health parents understand Chinese culture. nursing certificate. The following year was not dull for Edna; and Leon, her she was married to Leon Leung-Yee Lau. retired teacher husband, accompanied Dana Eaton: My story begins where Edna worked as a visiting nurse in her to all her volunteer endeavors until John’s ends. I was in China at the same New York City for six years and in he passed away in 1999. time as the 1995 Women’s Conference 1958 received a master’s in Nursing With such a busy professional life, and was encouraged to organize a tour Education from Teachers’ College at she managed to have all four children for high school students. I was at first Columbia University. She then returned successfully finish college. They are reluctant to take on this challenge but to Cornell, to teach for four years. married now with families of their own. then chose to take it on. Once back in She lived in New York City for twelve In my mind, I can picture Edna with her California I contacted several agencies years, raising two daughters, Renee and usual smile and quiet demeanor, direct- with my idea and was met with much Yvette. In 1962 she was called home to ing her gaze to the seven grandchildren resistance and outright “no.” With Hawaii to nurse her ill father after the who would continue her legacy of edu- each disappointment my resolve grew sudden death of her mother. cation and community service. to find a way to return to China with While raising her family, Edna did Despite declining health, Edna re- a student group. I kept sharing my ex- not pause in her pursuit of educa- mained active till she completed her perience traveling to China and how tion and knowledge. She took several term as president of the USCPFA­ Hawaii I was motivated to return to China post-graduate medical and nursing Subregion in 2013. and that I was looking for someone to counseling courses in New York and In early 2014, at the annual gather- help me get started and organized. At Hawaii. She gave birth to two sons, ing of the Subregion board and invited a Christmas party that year I met Judy Gordon and Geoffrey, in Hawaii. guests, Edna and the Jims were given Shaefer, who had just been to China. With her expertise, Edna was chosen due recognition for the loyalty and I told her I wanted to return to China 28 US-China Review with my own tour group. She said, “You many camping outings into the Sierra, need to talk to Judy Lee. She led a group game time in the local parks, opportu- USCPFA’s 22nd of 300-plus women to the Women’s nities to be in our homes, folk singing Washington Seminar on Conference.” around campfires. She was a shoulder U.S.-China Relations When I called Judy shortly after, she for many a tear of those who had dif- said, “You have called the right person. ficult adjustments and were overcome Save the date: I can help you.” Within minutes after by homesickness or mental issues. that conversation she had faxed me She also created many tours to China April 21–22, 2016 three itineraries. The next evening I for individuals and groups, such as the called Judy and told her which itin- one my husband and I joined in 1996, Kellogg Conference Center erary I had chosen. My return to trip the Veterans Administration Medical Gallaudet University to China had begun. In June 1996 I Musical Group. Washington, D.C. returned to China with a mixed group Paul Morris: When I was Western of twenty-two travelers including high Region president in 1998, one of my Informed speakers school students, retired seniors, and the main responsibilities was organizing the Up-to-date briefings mayor of Pinole. Not only were we a regional conference. Judy volunteered Gala banquet tour group, we were a delegation rep- to chair the committee, and produced a resenting Pinole. It was an adventure, an enjoyable and rewarding gathering — More details in the next issue — and it was the first of five groups I led. in San Francisco’s Chinatown. It was In addition, I assisted Judy on two the easiest part of my job as president. large tours she organized and led. The 1995 tour to China with Gregg McKee, Friends here and in China will miss Friendship Has a History what I thought would be a once-in- this caring and dynamic person. a-lifetime experience, turned out to The ad below comes from a 1976 be just the beginning. Judy Lee gave issue of New China, the national me the help I needed to continue the magazine of USCPFA from 1974 to adventure of traveling and learning 1979. Trade with the PRC was in its about China. It was Gregg McKee who infancy, and “Made in China” was a introduced me to USCPFA and it was rarity in retail stores. The New York Judy Lee who introduced me to the store, no longer in business, sold Western Region of USCPFA. quilted jackets and Mao suits. Judy had a knack for making things —Paul Morris happen. She liked a big challenge and she liked bringing people together. Wherever we traveled in China it seemed she would turn a corner and meet someone she knew. She said it was from years of teaching English to Chinese students in Berkeley. Judy was an inspiration and a helpful friend. She grabbed life’s opportunities by the tail, lived life big, and gave the best of herself in countless ways. She touched SACU’s Golden Anniversary my life and gave me the tools to explore The Society for Anglo-Chinese the world in a way I didn’t think was Under­standing, the British friendship possible. I am forever grateful to have association founded in 1965, recently known Judy, and to have benefitted commemorated its 50th anniversary. from her knowledge and spirit. In the fall issue of China Eye mag- Ellie Gaynor: Judy was such a force azine is a report on a symposium, a for engendering friendship between meeting with CPAFFC, articles on Chi- the U. S. and China for so many years. na in WWII, the Belt Road development For years, she led the Berkeley (and of Western China, and new Chinese surrounding area) USCPFA group, banking institutions. providing an incredible orientation The SACU website contains sample program to help the visiting scholars articles, including an overview of fifty coming to the UC Berkeley campus years of Anglo-Chinese friendship activ- become comfortable with various as- ities by Jenny Claig. For this and many pects of American culture, including other China resources visit sacu.org.

Fall 2015 29 THE CENTER FOR TEACHING ABOUT CHINA

China for Younger Readers, Edited by Ye Yonglie and Wei Wan, Dolphin Books, Beijing, 1989, 59 pages, paperback, fully illustrated in color, for ages 8–12,………….………. $8.00 This is not a story; this is an introduction to China via 25 short articles. Maps, charts, drawings, and photos help the reader to understand China. Its history, its culture, its natural resources, its geography, its language, its art, its people, and its traditions are presented in a colorful, easy to read manner. As an adult you will appreciate the quality of the presentations. As a child, the world that is China will become known.

Tracking the Panda, by Sha Qing Dolphin Books, Beijing, 1988, ………………$3.00 Every page in each book is beautifully illustrated with colorful artwork done by Chinese illustrators. Each book has at least 50 pages and a text written in a story manner that describes the panda in its natural setting. The reading level is about at a third grade level. Flashcards for Studying Chinese Language, CTAC, 1992, 50 cards and glossary Use: grades 3 –12 and adult #12850……………………….$3.00 These double-sided cards provide a great way to learn and practice some more common Chinese words. Characters are on one side; picture and pinyin on the other side.

Chinese Children’s Games, by Fung Shui-Ying, A.R.T.S., NY, 1993, 30 pp., illustrated, paper. Use: grades 2–12 and adult……………….$3.50 Ten games are described in detail. Most of the games are played outdoors. Some can be played in a gym. Others are table games. Included is background information about each game, the object of the game, and the directions for playing each game.

The (Ren) Who Couldn’t Read (Hanzi), by Baycep, 1990, paper, color illus. Use: grades 3–8……………………….$3.00 In place of English words in this little story, there are Chinese characters. Context clues help to determine which characters to choose. A glossary of pinyin and Chinese characters helps decipher the hanzi.

Chinese Fairy Tales, by Frederick H. Martens, Dover Publications, NY, 1998, 76 pages, paper, illustrated……………$2.00 Ideal for children ages 7–10, this easy to read book includes 16 short ancient Chinese tales. As is the custom for Chinese tales, there is a lesson to be learned from each. Some of these tales would be easy to dramatize or use for classroom activities. Chinese Girl Paper Doll, by Tom Tierney, Dover Publications, NY, 1993,…. $1.50 ChenChen is a little Chinese Girl. She can be cut out and made to stand up. There are 8 lovely Chinese garments for her to “wear”. Just cut each one out and fold back the tabs to attach it to ChenChen. There is the traditional every day clothes, a qi pao, a Peking Opera costume, work clothes, a straw raincoat and hat, Qing dynasty court clothes, Tibetan bride dress, and a butterfly kite costume. The book is small, 4” X 5”, and should provide hours of fun. There is an AV catalogue available from CTAC, with a complete listing of AV materials to buy or borrow. Request a complete catalogue of items available via CTAC; the catalogue of all the books and items has been updated. Send this form or an e-mail to Kitty Trescott at The Center For Teaching About China. A catalogue will be mailed to you. Direct any questions to Kitty Trescott at [email protected]. Send payment for above to: CTAC, 1214 West Schwartz, Carbondale, IL 62901

Name ______Address ______City ______State______ZIP______Phone, e-mail, fax ______

30 US-China Review US-China Peoples Friendship Regions, Subregions and Local Chapters Association (ANY CHANGES to this list should be sent to [email protected])

EASTERN REGION Chicago Houston-Galleria San Francisco Kailua-Kona Mel Horowitz Mike Zhao A. Cresali Lawell •David Ewing Kent Nakashima 200 VanRensselaer Blvd. 4343 N Western Ave, # 302 2600 Wonder Hill Road 838 Grant Avenue #302 77-6555 Seaview Circle Menands, NY 12204 Chicago, IL 60618-5265 Brenham, TX 77833 San Francisco, CA 94108 Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 518-449-8817/fax 244-2361 Kansas City [email protected] 415-781-8181 808-329-6024 [email protected] Sally Ryan Nashville [email protected] [email protected] Eastern Region Office 309 Emanuel Cleaver II Barbara Cobb •Yilla Guan Kauai 720 Massachusetts Avenue Boulevard, Apt 504 496 Ellenwood Drive 29 Cook Street Phyllis Tokita Cambridge, MA 02139 Kansas City, MO 64112-1787 Nashville, TN 37211 San Francisco, CA 94118 PO Box 1783 617-491-0577/fax 491-0594 816-686-8119 615-833-9512 phone & fax 415-221-3183/fax 753-0656 Lihue, HI 96766-5783 New England [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 808-346-1793 Richard Pendleton Minnesota Sarasota South Bay [email protected] 720 Massachusetts Avenue Ralph Beha Duane Finger Jana McBurney-Lin, Cambridge, MA 02139 5040 1st Ave. South 401 27th Street West 35 Old Orchard Road 617-491-0577 Minneapolis, MN 55419 Bradenton, FL 34205 Los Gatos CA 95030 CHAPTERS THAT HAVE richard_pendleton@ 612-396-0979 941-538-0504 cell 408-410-1750 WEB PAGES: hms.harvard.edu [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] NORTHEAST NEW YORK Owensboro, KY / New York City Southeast Florida Southern California www.uscpfany.org Valerie Stern Evansville, IN •Marge Ketter 400 Central Park W., #9N Beth Hubbard 7088 SE Rivers Edge SUBREGION MINNESOTA New York, NY 10025 1419 Wright Street Jupiter, FL 33458 Elizabeth D. Kraft www.uscpfa-mn.org 212-222-9048 Henderson, KY 42420 561-747-9487 phone 412 Emerald Place [email protected] 270-724-0957 561-745-6189 fax Seal Beach, CA 90740 CHICAGO [email protected] Northeastern New York [email protected] [email protected] www.uscpfa.org/Chicago Kirk Huang Quad Cities •David Pena Long Beach 25 Mulberry Drive Yan Li 3160 PGA Boulevard Joe Lau OWENSBORO, KY and Albany, NY 12205 4371 Taho Court Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 1332 Via Romero EVANSVILLE, IN 518-813-9104 Bettendorf, IA 52722 561-537-0584 Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 www.uscpfa.org/owensboro/ [email protected] 563-332-1380 [email protected] 310-541-9275 index.html [email protected] [email protected] Northern New Jersey O.C. RICHMOND Dr. Jim H. Lee WESTERN REGION Los Angeles/San Gabriel Jason J. Lee http://uscpfarichmondva. 24 Gordon Circle SOUTHERN REGION Frances Goo com Parsippany, NJ 07054 Bob Edwards c/o Guardian Escrow Services 301 N. Lake Ave., Suite 202 973-394-9115 12 North Lynncrest Drive 2347 S. Beretania St. #200 Pasadena, CA 91101 ATLANTA [email protected] Chattanooga, TN 37411 Honolulu, HI 96826 626-396-9397 www.uscpfa-atlanta.org 423-698-7339 808-951-6991 Fax 626-396-9114 Portland, Maine [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Kwok Yeung SARASOTA 10 Old Oak Way Atlanta Utah San Diego http://uschinasarasota. Falmouth, ME 04105 •Ed Krebs Shirley Smith / Val Chin Alice Hu blogspot.com 207-541-9221 3240 McKown Road 2890 Hackney Court 1467 Via Ronda [email protected] Douglasville, GA 30134 Park City, UT 84060 San Marcos, CA 92069 SOUTHEAST FLORIDA [email protected] 435-649-6015 & 649-8861 858.246.6165 Richmond www.uscpfa-pb.blogspot. [email protected] [email protected] com Diana Greer •Doug Reynolds 105 Treva Road [email protected] SOUTH BAY Sandston, VA 23150 Northern CA/Northwest Hawai’i SUBREGION Austin www.uscpfa-sbay. 804-737-2704 George Meyer SUBREGION Henry N. Lim PO Box 395 blogspot.com [email protected] 303 S College Street John Marienthal 1502 Rhinecliff Way Honolulu, HI 96809-0395 Metro DC Georgetown, TX 78626-5104 WASHINGTON, DC 512-863-4930 San Jose, CA 95126 808-540-1065 Christine D. Brooks [email protected] [email protected] http://dc.uscpfa.org 1834 Belmont Road NW [email protected] Washington, DC 20009-5162 Chattanooga North Bay O’ahu 202-265-3664 Bob and Jan (Chang) Edwards John Marienthal Chu Lan Shubert-Kwock [email protected] #12 North Lynncrest Dr. 1502 Rhinecliff Way 1181 Wanaka Street Chattanooga, TN 37411 San Jose, CA 95126 Honolulu, HI 96818 423-698-7339 [email protected] 808-391-4350 MIDWEST REGION [email protected] Marcia Cooper [email protected] Portland, Oregon 8718 Metcalf #202 [email protected] Paul Morris Honolulu Overland Park KS 66212 Houston 2234 NE 25th Avenue Walter T.C.Chang 913-341-5996 Casey Chenn Portland OR 97212 1268 Young Street, # 301 [email protected] 6200 Savoy Dr., Unit 328 503-249-3965 Honolulu, HI 96814-1801 808-597-8135 (office & fax); Carbondale Houston, TX 77036 [email protected] 713-553-7833 808-772-4528 (home) Kathleen Trescott [email protected]. 1214 West Schwartz [email protected] Carbondale, IL 62901 618-203-1807 [email protected]

Fall 2015 31 US-China Non-Profit Organization US Postage Peoples Friendship PAID Permit No. 7117 Association Palatine, Illinois 7088 SE Rivers Edge St. Jupiter, FL 33458

MEMBERSHIP, STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES The US-China Peoples Friendship Association is a non-profit educational organization.Our goal is to build active and lasting friendship based on mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of China. We recognize that friendship between our two peoples must be based on the knowledge of and respect for the sovereignty of each country; therefore, we respect the declaration of the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China that the resolution of the status of Taiwan is the internal affair of the Chinese on both ® sides of the Taiwan Straits. We also recognize that friendship between our two peoples and good relations between our two governments plays a critical role in maintaining peace in the Pacific Basin and in the world. As an educational organization, our activities include sponsoring speakers and programs which inform the American people about China, organizing tours and special study groups to China, publishing newsletters and other literature, promoting friendship with Chinese students and scholars while in the United States, and promoting cultural, commercial, technical, and educational exchanges. Everyone is invited to participate in our activities, and anyone who agrees with this Statement of Principles is welcome to join. Subscription to US-China Review is included in membership.

■ I would like to become a member of USCPFA; $24 annual dues per person enclosed. ■ I do not wish to become a member, but would like to receive US-China Review. Regular subscriptions are $35 per year for four issues, $38 for institutions, $49 overseas. ■ Please send a gift subscription to the name and address below. Name______Address______City, State, Zip______Phone ______Interests ______Email (Optional)______How did you learn about us? ______Make checks payable to USCPFA and mail with this form to Marge Ketter, Membership, US-China Peoples Friendship Association, 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., Jupiter, FL 33458. 2015 is the Year of the Ram

For information about educational tours to China, phone or fax 615-833-9512 or visit our Web site at www.uscpfa.org.