Stories of Roman History from Ci Ce O

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Stories of Roman History from Ci Ce O STO RI ES OF R O MA N H I STO RY FROM C I C E R O C N T T S O E N . THE SEVEN I K NGS . OM I . R ULUS - 753 716 Re . 2 4 . De p II . , MA P M P II . NU O ILIUS - 7 15 673 . 13 25 De Rep II , . LL S H OST I LI US III . TU U - 673 640 . 17 31 . De Rep II , A G S MA C IV . N U R IUS - 640 616 . 18 33 . De Rep II , TA I V . R QU N I US PR I SCUS - 6 15 5 8 a . 1 9 34 . b i 34 . 7 . L v . ( ) De Rep II , ( ) y I c . 20 35 . d Di v . 17 32 . ( ) De Rep II . , ( ) De I . , E V T VI . S R IUS ULLIUS - 577 534 . 21 37 . De Rep II , TAR UI N I US S P E B VII . Q U R US - 5 . XXX . 53 . a 24 45 . 534 509 . ( ) De Rep II , ( ) De Rep L THE REPUB I C . TH E F T O L VIII . IRS C NSU P ubli us Val riu s ublicola 509 . 31 54. e P . De Rep II , vi CONTENTS . I X A A GHTY PAT AN . H U RIC I na Mar i eus c us Corio anus 490 Brutus X . 41 . G l , A GENERO s R I X . U PAT OI AN ius a si us 11 85 6 S ur s 486 D . 0 . C e . p , Rep , XI REP B CAN S MP C TY . U LI I LI I Lucius Quin cti u s Cin ci nnatus an d Man i u s C urius D en a t tus , 458 and 274 D e Sen . XVI . 5 5 . A D T F SON BUT A R EL AT HE R XII . U I UL , C U F Ti Man i us Tor uatu s 362 D e ff . 31 1 12 . tus O . l q , III , FA F XIII . A M ILY O PAT RI OTS Th e D ecii 34 29 n d . I 4 1 , 0, 5 , a 279 D e Di v . 2 , 5 . A VI GOR OUs LD AGE XIV . O Mar us a erius u 1 - 1 3 n XV 6 c V Corv s 37 27 . C . D e Se . 0. l , II AT OT M XV. P RI IS S uri us P ostumi u s 3 21 and ai us Man ci uus 1 37 p , G , ' D e Ofi . 30 109 . III , A RA OLD MAN XVI . G ND A ius au ius th e Blind 280 D e Sen . VI . 15 . pp Cl d , O O R ETW EE ENE MI Es XVII . H N U B N aius Fabri ci us Luscinus 278 D e Off . 22 86 . G , III , AN EV E E NT O S L XVIII . IRR R C N U P ub ius C au ius P u c er 249 D e Nat or I I . l l d l h , . De . 3 , 7 . A ARTYR F OR H I S O TRY XIX . M C UN ‘ M A i u us 25 e Ofi . 2 arcus tt li s R e u 0 D 6 99 . g l , III , A O TRAST XX . C N ‘ Th e too cunnin Ambassa or 216 D e Ofl . g d , III 3 3 2, 1 1 . AR I GS E GLE CTE XXI . W N N N D aius F ami ni us 217 D e D iv . I . 35 77 . G l , , A ATI E T E ER AL XXII . P N G N in u s F bius Ma ximus Cunc a tor 216 De Sen . Qu t a t , I V. 1 0. CONTENTS . TH E AST OF T HE OLD RO A S XXIII . L M N Mar us c P orci us Ca o th e Cens or 184 D e Off . I . t , , 1 1 , 3 6 . A MMARY XXIV . SU D e I I 1 2 . Rep . , ABBR EVI ATI ONS NOTES EXERCI SES INDEX OF PROPER NAMES VOOARULARY I NDEX T O VOOARUL AR Y MAPS I TALY ROM E STORIES OE ROMAN HISTORY CIC FROM ERO . THE N N R SEVE KI GS OF OME . — I ROM S THE O E R OF ROME 5 3 - 1 6 . L 7 U U , F UND 7 D e I I 2 ( Rep . , ' a e h b r th a e to be i n L end o is i nd ris . ( ) g f , g Quod habemus tam clar um ac tam omnibus notum exordi um quam huius urbis condendae principium pro ’ factum a Romulo ? qui patre Marte natus dicitur cum R mo f Amu o r Al no Ob labefactandi e ratre ab li , ege ba , regni timorem ad Tiberim exponi iussus esse : quo in s oco cum Silvestri s beluae sustentatus uberibus l esset , pastoresque e am sustuliss ent et in agresti cultu laboreque aluissent erhibetur ut adoleverit et co o Viribus et , p , , rp ris an m ferocitate an um c raestitisse ut omn ui i i t t eteris p , es, q tum eos a o ubi o c u incolebant uo t o gr s h die est hae rbs , aeq an mo libenter ue arerent uo um co iis cum i illi q p . Q r p se ducem praebuisset ut iam a fabulis ad facta veniamus O res sisse Lon am Albam a m urbem et o n m pp g , v lida p te te m o u Amuli m u r m interemisse f ur u e ert . te p rib s illis , q ege GE 3 2 STORI ES OF ROMAN HI STORY FROM CI CERO. h o me or his cit (b) Why he c ose the site f R o f y. Qua gloria parta Romulus urbi locum incredibili oppor tunitate dele it N u en m ma admovit hoc g . eq e i ad re , sed ex cellenti rovidentia sensit ac non o ortu vir p vidit, esse pp nissimos situs maritimos urbibus eis quae ad spem diutur nitatis conderentur atque imperi ; quod essent urbes 2 0 maritimae non solum multis periculis oppositae sed etiam cae cis ui otuit ur divinitus et utilitates maritimas . Q p igit com lecti Romu u e t V a vitare ? Urbem nn p l s, iti pere is amnis et aequabilis et in mare late infiuentis posuit in uo o u e t acci ere ex m u O e eret et ripa, q p sset rbs p ari q g , 2 5 reddere quo redundaret ; e odemque ut flumine res ad cultum victumque maxime necessarias non solum mari absorberet e m i nv tas acci ret x Hanc ec e . , sed tia p e terra rerum tantam potentiam non ferme facilius alia in parte m i i I tali ae posita urbs tenere potuisset . Urbis aute ps us 3 0 definitus est ductus muri ex omn i parte arduis praerup tis ue montibus ut mun arX ua circumcis o a o q , ita ita q si s x niteretur ; ut etiam in illa tempestate h orribili Gallici adventus incolumis ue n c a erm nserit Locum ue atq i ta t p a . q delegit et fontibus abun dantem et in regione pestilenti salubrem co n m un ui cum erflantur tum 3 5 lles e i s t, q , p ipsi, ' fl runt umbram vallibus a e . c R omulus is ta ken u to hea ven a nd a ter wa r ds ( ) p , f ’ h e a the od a er in wor s ipp d s G Q a s . Romu u cum m et tri inta re navisset annos et l s, septe g g , a c e duo firmamenta u c e erisset aus i h e gregia rei p bli ae p p , p cia e t senatum an um es t cons ecutus ut cum u o o , t t , s bit s le F O 3 THE SEVEN KINGS O R ME . o non com aruisset deorum in num o collocatus 0 obscurat p , er 4 putaretur : quam Opinionem nemo umquam mortalis adsequi o potuit sine eximia virtutis gl ria . I I THE ECO D KI NUMA OMP I LI S THE ARI E . S N NG, P U , S N 7 15 6 73 Re I I . 13 (De p. , Cum alus esse praestantem Numam P ompilium fama f raetermissis u civibus m alieni enam erret, p s is rege g patri bus auctor ibus Sibi ipse populus adscivit eumque ad reg n n um Sabinum om n m Romam Curibus accivit a d , h i e , . ui ut huc n om n Rom no n u o Romu Q ve it, h i es a s i stit t li bellicis studii s quod Vidit incensos eXistimavit eos paulum n n ab illa co suetudi e esse revocandos . Ac primum agros uo o Romulu ce erat di visit viritim civibus docuit q s bell s p , que sine depopul atione atque praeda e os colendis agris ' abundare commo omn u amorem ue oti e t c I O dis ib s, q eis pa is iniecit u u facillime u et fides convalescit et , q ib s i stitia , quorum patrocinio maxime cultus agrorum perceptioque fru um def ndi ur Adiunxi raet r a fiamin e t .
Recommended publications
  • Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate from the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty
    Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate From the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty By Jessica J. Stephens A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, chair Professor Bruce W. Frier Professor Richard Janko Professor Nicola Terrenato [Type text] [Type text] © Jessica J. Stephens 2016 Dedication To those of us who do not hesitate to take the long and winding road, who are stars in someone else’s sky, and who walk the hillside in the sweet summer sun. ii [Type text] [Type text] Acknowledgements I owe my deep gratitude to many people whose intellectual, emotional, and financial support made my journey possible. Without Dr. T., Eric, Jay, and Maryanne, my academic career would have never begun and I will forever be grateful for the opportunities they gave me. At Michigan, guidance in negotiating the administrative side of the PhD given by Kathleen and Michelle has been invaluable, and I have treasured the conversations I have had with them and Terre, Diana, and Molly about gardening and travelling. The network of gardeners at Project Grow has provided me with hundreds of hours of joy and a respite from the stress of the academy. I owe many thanks to my fellow graduate students, not only for attending the brown bags and Three Field Talks I gave that helped shape this project, but also for their astute feedback, wonderful camaraderie, and constant support over our many years together. Due particular recognition for reading chapters, lengthy discussions, office friendships, and hours of good company are the following: Michael McOsker, Karen Acton, Beth Platte, Trevor Kilgore, Patrick Parker, Anna Whittington, Gene Cassedy, Ryan Hughes, Ananda Burra, Tim Hart, Matt Naglak, Garrett Ryan, and Ellen Cole Lee.
    [Show full text]
  • A COMPANION to the ROMAN ARMY Edited By
    ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page iii A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by Paul Erdkamp ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page i A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page ii BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical lit- erature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. Ancient History Published A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Edited by Daniel C. Snell Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to the Hellenistic World A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by David S. Potter In preparation A Companion to Ancient History A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Archaic Greece A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees Edited by Elizabeth James A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Miriam Griffin Literature and Culture Published A Companion to Catullus A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Edited by Ian Worthington A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to Ancient Epic Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by John Miles Foley A Companion to Classical Tradition A Companion to Greek Tragedy Edited by Craig W.
    [Show full text]
  • Book IX, Chapters 1-19;
    BELL'S ILLUSTRATED CLASSICS LIVY BOOK IX CHAPS. I -XIX W.C.FLAMSTEAD WALTERS, M.A. Hillllllllllll lilt Bell's Illustrated Classical Series Edited by E. C. MARCHANT, M.A. Classical MasUr ai St. Pauls School LIVY: BOOK IX CHAPS. I-XIX LT888 Wa LIVY, BOOK IX Chapters 1-19 WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, GRAMMATICAL APPENDIX, AND VOCABULARY BT W. C. FLAMSTEAD WALTERS, M.A. SOMETIME SCHOLAR OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD, AND FORMERLY COMPOSITION MASTER AT CHRIST's COLLEGE, NEW ZEALAND LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN 1899 0;ffor5 HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY CONTENTS PAGE Iktroduction : Livy and his Work ...... i Outline of Samnite History to the beginning of Livy IX 5 Text 9 Notes .......... 65 Gkammab and Metaphors . - • • 93 Technical Terms loi Index of Proper Names ...... 107 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Map of Italy To face p. i A LiCTOR. (From a bas-relief in the Vatican) . Frontispiece Cots of Capua 7 A EoMAN Trophy. (From Trajan's Column) . 8 A General addresslng his Soldiers. (From a coin) lo A Light-armed Romax Soldier and a Shepherd. (The soldier from Trajan's Column, and the shepherd from a bas-relief on a sarcophagus in the Cata- combs) . 12 Soldiers maklng a Camp. (From different sources, mostly from Trajan's Column) . 14 Sam>tte Warrior. (From a painted vase in the Louvre^ ........ 15 Bringing Herennius to the War-Council in a Waggon. (From a sepulchral marble in the Museum at Baden) 17 The Forum Romanum and the Capitoline Hill in THE Time of the Empire 20 The City of Veii, restored by Canina.
    [Show full text]
  • Excellence Redefined: the Evolution of Virtus in Ancient Rome
    Excellence Redefined: The Evolution of Virtus in Ancient Rome A thesis submitted to Miami University Honors Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for University Honors with Distinction by Emily J. Trygstad May 2010 Oxford, Ohio i Abstract While there has been extensive academic research for over a thousand years in the field of Classics, it is impressive to note just how much research still needs to be done. For my thesis, I plan to take some of my own personal academic interest and channel it into a largely understudied topic: the evolution of the Roman value of virtus, and the effects that this change produced in Roman society. Virtus, which was in many ways held to be the paramount quality an ancient Roman male could possess, was initially expressed through an assertion of martial prowess. No simple translation for this ideal exists, however; “bravery” or “manliness”, while sometimes used, do not fully render the complex importance of virtus. Historian Myles McDonnell sums the notion up best: “the relationship... between virtus and all the other things the Romans valued – liberty, property, family, and fatherland – is one of dependence. Virtus embraces all that is good because it is virtus that guards and preserves all that is good” (McDonnell, 32). Over the course of time, however, history sees virtus make a gradual shift as an ideal manifested through military distinction to a more liberal celebration of “excellence”, not dissimilar from the Greek notion of‟αρετή. While most classicists and historians alike seem to agree that the ideal did indeed evolve over time, the study of what caused this shift has only barely been explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Dec 2011
    imperi nuntivs The newsletter of Legion Ireland --- The Roman Military Society of Ireland In This Issue • Food Hygiene • Roman Battles • Saturnalia 2011 • Budget 2011 • The Battle of Philippi • New Products December MMXI Imperi Nuntius - December 2011 Food Hygiene... Imperi Nuntivs... Food preparation and cooking is part and parcel of camp life. But whether it’s a modern kitchen or a Publisher: Legion Ireland - The Roman Military Roman camp the basic rules of safe food prepara- Society of Ireland. tion and cooking are the same. Good food hygiene helps reduce the risk of food poisoning (field food is Editor: Martin McAree bad enough without getting an infection). The four main things to remember for good hygiene are: email: [email protected] • Cross-contamination Contributions in the form of articles, letters and • Cleaning queries from readers are welcomed. Please send • Chilling to the above address or use the contact form on • Cooking our website. These are known as the 4 Cs. They will help you Copyright prevent the most common food safety problems. Copyright Legion Ireland, all rights reserved. Every effort has been made by the publisher to trace Cross-contamination copyright holders but in a few cases this may Cross-contamination is when bacteria are spread prove impossible. Legion Ireland would like to between food, surfaces or equipment. It is most apologise for any unwitting cases of copyright likely to happen when raw food touches (or drips transgression and would like to hear from any onto) ready-to-eat food, equipment or surfaces. copyright holders not acknowledged. Any individu- Cross-contamination is one of the most common als providing articles or material for publication causes of food poisoning.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Ludi Saeculares from the Republic to Empire
    Roman Ludi Saeculares from the Republic to Empire by Susan Christine Bilynskyj Dunning A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto © Susan Christine Bilynskyj Dunning 2016 Roman Ludi Saeculares from the Republic to Empire Susan Christine Bilynskyj Dunning Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto 2016 Abstract This dissertation provides the first comprehensive analysis of the Roman Ludi Saeculares, or “Saecular Games”, from their mythic founding in the sixth century bce until their final celebration in 248 ce. The Ludi Saeculares were a series of religious celebrations held at Rome every saeculum (“age”, “generation”), an interval of 100 or 110 years. The argument contains two major threads: an analysis of the origins and development of the Ludi Saeculares themselves, and the use of the term saeculum in imperial rhetoric in literary, epigraphic, and numismatic sources from early Republic to the fifth century ce. First, an investigation into Republican sacrifices that constitute part of the lineage of the Ludi Saeculares reveals that these rites were in origin called “Ludi Tarentini”, and were a Valerian gentilician cult that came under civic supervision in 249 bce. Next, it is shown that in his Saecular Games of 17 bce, Augustus appropriated the central rites of the Valerian cult, transforming them into “Ludi Saeculares” through a new association with the concept of the saeculum, and thereby asserting his role as restorer of the Republic and founder of a new age. The argument then turns to the development of saeculum rhetoric throughout the imperial period, intertwined with the history of the Ludi Saeculares.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1
    NOTES Introduction 1. For text and discussion of this important letter, see Petrarch, Senile V 2, ed. Monica Berté (Florence: Le Lettere, 1998). Petrarch’s scribe, who attaches the date “August 28,” seems to have dictated it in 1364, but Boccaccio didn’t receive it until 1366. It was one of three letters (Seniles 5.1–3) stolen and kept as souvenirs of their famed author by the messenger charged with their deliv- ery. Petrarch recovered them and asked his trusted friend Donato Albanzani to carry them to their destination. See the commentary by Ugo Dotti in Pe- trarch’s Lettres de la veillesse. Rerum senilium, ed. Elvira Nota (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2003), 2:529, n. 42. For the English, see Petrarch, Letters of Old Age. Rerum senilium libri I–XVII, trans. Aldo S. Bernardo, Saul Levin, and Reta A. Bernardo (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). 2. Petrarch tries to soothe Boccaccio by recalling Seneca, who ranked Cicero second after Virgil among Latin writers, followed by Asinius Pollio, and then Livy. The fl attering implication is that Boccaccio is “one up” on Livy. In an earlier letter to Boccaccio (Familiares 21.15), Petrarch cringes to think of Dante’s plebian public—fullers, tavern keepers, and woolworkers. He acknowledges, however, Dante’s superiority in the vernacular. See Petrarch Familiares 21.15.24 in Le familiari, ed. Vittorio Rossi and Umberto Bosco (Florence: Sansoni, 1926–42), 4:99: “in vulgari eloquio quam carminibus aut prosa clarior atque altior assurgit”; for the translation, Letters on Familiar Mat- ters: Rerum familiarium libri XVII–XXIV, trans.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonderdruck Excerpt Georges Bindschedler
    Sonderdruck excerpt Georges Bindschedler Go Tell the Spartans, Stranger Passing by, That Here, Obedient to Their Laws, We Lie The famous epigram of laconic brevity1 that provides the title of this chapter – attributed to the Greek poet Simonides and cited by the Greek historian Herodotus in his Histories in which he describes the Greco-Persian Wars (499 BC to 449 BC) – is engraved on a monumental stone and placed on the hill of the last stand of the doomed Spartans in the battle of Ther- mopylae (480 BC).2 It is commonly believed to reflect the basic notion of military discipline and obedience to military com- mands.3 The Greeks stopped the invading Persians at the mountain pass of “The Hot Gates,” the only road available to the large Persian Army, in late summer 480 BC and fought a battle last- ing three days. On the second day of battle a local resident betrayed the Greeks by showing the Persians a small path leading into the rear of the Greek lines and allowing an out- flanking movement. Leonidas, the Spartan king in command of the Greek forces, realising the danger sent the bulk of his troops back and fought with 300 Spartans and similar contin- gents of Thespians and Thebans to the last man. The last stand 1. Ioannis Ziogas, “Sparse Spartan Verse: Filling Gaps in the Thermopylae Epigram,” Ramus, Vol. 43, No. 2, November 9th, 2014. 2. There are numerous translations of the epigram. Famous is Friedrich Schiller’s ver- sion (from his poem “Der Spaziergang”) “Wanderer kommst Du nach Sparta, verkündige dorten, Du habest / Uns hier liegen gesehen, wie das Gesetz es befahl.” 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Valerio-Horatian Laws
    Valerio-Horatian Laws The Valerio-Horatian Laws (leges Valeriae Horatiae) the plebeians, were sent to Mons Sacer negotiate. The were three laws which were passed by the consuls of negotiations were successful, the decemviri resigned and Rome for 449 BC, Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus the secession was called off. Lucius Valerius and Marcus Horatius Barbatus. They restored the right of ap- Horatius were elected as the consuls for the year. They peal to the people and introduced measures which were restored the right to appeal to the people and passed mea- favourable to the plebeians. The consuls’ actions came sures which were favourable to the plebeians to address after a plebeian rebellion, the second plebeian seces- their grievances which had emerged during the rebellion. sion, which overthrew the second decemvirate, which had ruled tyrannically. The two consuls had shown sympathy towards the plebeians and, as a result, had been chosen to negotiate the resolution of the rebellion. Their new laws 2 The laws quelled the plebeian unrest. Lex Valeria Horatia de plebiscitis. This established that the resolutions passed by the Plebeian Council were binding on all. The plebeians had created this body as 1 Background their own assembly where they could debate their own issues during their first rebellion, the first plebeian se- In 454 BC, during what was to be the 200-year Conflict cession (494 BC). The patricians were excluded from of the Orders between the patricians and the plebeians, the Plebeian Council. The Council could also vote on the patricians gave “consent to the appointment of a body laws which concerned the plebeians.
    [Show full text]
  • I T a L I E N
    I t a l i e n Römisches Königreich Seit ca. 700.000 Jahren ist Italien von Menschen bewohnt. Der Gebrauch von Feuer ist seit dieser Zeit archäologisch nachgewiesen. Vor 40.000 verschwand der Neandertaler. Um 6200 v. Chr. sind Einflüsse aus dem östlichen Mittelmeerraum nachzuweisen. Ab dem 8. Jahrhundert v. Chr. begann die griechische Kolonisation Süditaliens. In Oberitalien lebten im 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Kelten u. Ligurer, im Nordosten Veneter. Mittelitalien war von Umbrern, Latinern, Sabinern u. Volkskern bewohnt. Im Süden waren die Samniten, Messapier u. Lukanier seßhaft. Die Karthager gründeten Kolonien auf Sizilien u. Sardinien u. standen sie zeitweise mit Rom u. den Etruskern im Bündnis. Rom ging im 8. Jh. aus mehreren Dörfern hervor u. löste 509 v. Chr. die Königsherrschaft u. die Dominanz der Etrusker ab. In den Mythen hatte die Expansion zunächst im Kampf mit den Sabinern u. der Stadt Alba Longa begonnen. Zehn Jahre hatten die Griechen Troja belagert. Aus dem völligen Untergang der Stadt konnte sich Äneas, Sohn der Göttin Venus, mit einigen Trojanern retten. Nach langen Irrfahrten im Mittelmeer kamen sie nach Italien. Nach erkämpftem Heimatrecht, heiratete Äneas die Tochter des Königs von Latium. Unter ihren Nachkommen, Numitor u. Amulius, kam es zum Streit um die Herrschaft. Numitor, der rechtmäßige Herrscher, wurde vertrieben. Jedoch brachte seine Tochter, die sich heimlich mit dem Kriegsgott Mars verheiratet hatte, die Zwillinge Romulus u. Remus zur Welt. Als Romulus u. Remus erwachsen waren, töteten sie Amulius u. setzten ihren Großvater wieder als König ein. Die erste Siedlung auf dem Palatin wurde am 21. April 753 v.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Dictatores of the Roman Republic
    LIST OF DICTATORES OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Date (BC) Name Purpose 501 Titus Lartius Flavus Rei gerundae causa 501 Manius Valerius Rei gerundae causa 498 Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis Rei gerundae causa 494 Manius Valerius Maximus Rei gerundae causa Clavi figendi causa? 463 Gaius Aemilius Mamercus? (possibly interrex, not dictator) 458 Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (1) Rei gerundae causa Rei gerundae causa or seditionis 439 Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (2) sedandae causa 437 Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus (1) Rei gerundae causa 435 Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas (1) Rei gerundae causa 434 Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus(2) Rei gerundae causa 431 Aulus Postumius Tubertus Rei gerundae causa 426 Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus (3) Rei gerundae causa 418 Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas (2) Rei gerundae causa 408 Publius Cornelius Rutilus Cossus Rei gerundae causa 396 Marcus Furius Camillus (1) Rei gerundae causa 390 Marcus Furius Camillus (2) Rei gerundae causa 389 Marcus Furius Camillus (3) Rei gerundae causa 385 Aulus Cornelius Cossus Rei gerundae causa Rei gerundae et seditionis sedandae 380 Titus Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus causa 368 Marcus Furius Camillus (4) Rei gerundae causa Seditionis sedandae et rei gerundae 368 Publius Manlius Capitolinus causa 367 Marcus Furius Camillus (5) Rei gerundae causa 363 Lucius Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus Clavi figendi causa 362 Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Rei gerundae causa 361 Titus Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus Rei gerundae causa 360 Quintus Servilius Ahala Rei gerundae causa
    [Show full text]
  • Theodor Mommsen
    Theodor Mommsen R¨omische Geschichte Erster Band Zweites Buch Von der Abschaffung des r¨omischen K¨onigtums bis zur Einigung Italiens 1. Kapitel Anderung¨ der Verfassung. Beschr¨ankung der Magistratsgewalt Der strenge Begriff der Einheit und Allgewalt der Gemeinde in allen Gemeindean- gelegenheiten, dieser Schwerpunkt der italischen Verfassungen, legte in die H¨ande des einzigen, auf Lebenszeit ernannten Vorstehers eine furchtbare Gewalt, die wohl der Landesfeind empfand, aber nicht minder schwer der Burger.¨ Mißbrauch und Druck konnte nicht ausbleiben, und hiervon die notwendige Folge waren Bestrebungen, jene Gewalt zu mindern. Aber das ist das Großartige in diesen r¨omischen Reformversu- chen und Revolutionen, daß man nie unternimmt, weder die Gemeinde als solche zu beschr¨anken noch auch nur sie entsprechender Organe zu berauben, daß nie die sogenannten naturlichen¨ Rechte des einzelnen gegen die Gemeinde geltend gemacht werden, sondern daß der ganze Sturm sich richtet gegen die Form der Gemeindever- tretung. Nicht Begrenzung der Staats-, sondern Begrenzung der Beamtenmacht ist der Ruf der r¨omischen Fortschrittspartei von den Zeiten der Tarquinier bis auf die der Gracchen; und auch dabei vergißt man nie, daß das Volk nicht regieren, sondern regiert werden soll. Dieser Kampf bewegt sich innerhalb der Burgerschaft.¨ Ihm zur Seite entwickelt sich eine andere Bewegung: der Ruf der Nichtburger¨ um politische Gleichberechti- gung. Dahin geh¨oren die Agitationen der Plebejer, der Latiner, der Italiker, der Frei- gelassenen, welche alle, mochten sie Burger¨ genannt werden, wie die Plebejer und die Freigelassenen, oder nicht, wie die Latiner und die Italiker, politische Gleichheit entbehrten und begehrten. Ein dritter Gegensatz ist noch allgemeinerer Art: der der Verm¨ogenden und der Armen, insbesondere der aus dem Besitz gedr¨angten oder in demselben gef¨ahrdeten Besitzer.
    [Show full text]