DOCSLIB.ORG

Septic Arthritis Due to Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Septic Arthritis Due to Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, (2005) 23 (1):63-65 Case Report SEPTIC ARTHRITIS DUE TO ARCANOBACTERIUM HAEMOLYTICUM R Goyal, *NP Singh, M Mathur Abstract Diphtheroids or “coryneform” bacilli are usually considered to be nonpathogenic “normal flora” of human skin and mucous membranes. Because bacterial cultures are frequently contaminated with these organisms the correct diagnosis and treatment may be delayed by the failure to recognize serious infections caused by them. Few confirmed cases of orthopaedic infections due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection have been reported, partly because of inadequate identification of this bacterium. We report a case of septic arthritis due to A. haemolyticum. Key words: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, septic arthritis Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, formerly known as left knee with decreased range of motion. The peripheral Corynebacterium haemolyticum was first isolated from blood leukocyte count was 12,000/mm3 with 84% nasopharynx and skin of American soldiers in the south neutrophils and 16% monocytes. ESR (69 mm/hour) and pacific in 1946. It was elevated to the genus CRP (8.9 mg/dL) values were elevated. Knee radiograph Arcanobacterium on the basis of genetic analysis in showed soft tissue swelling with joint narrowing and 1982, and has been associated with pharyngitis, osteophyte formation. Synovial fluid aspirated from the recurrent throat infections, wound infections, affected joint revealed total leukocyte count of 98,000/ septicaemia, endocarditis and osteomyelitis.1 Although mm3 with 98% segmented neutrophils and 2% it is the etiological agent of distinct human infections, monocytes. Gram stain of the aspirated fluid showed the organism is frequently overlooked, probably because gram positive bacilli along with pus cells. No fungal of tendency of microbiology laboratories to report elements were seen. Ziehl Neelsen staining was negative diphtheroid organisms of Corynebacterium spp. as for acid-fast bacilli. Empiric therapy with intravenous contaminants or normal flora, resulting in missed or amikacin (intravenous, 500 mg, 12 hourly) and augmentin delayed diagnosis.1,2 We present a case of septic arthritis (amoxycillin - clavulanate, intravenous, 1.2 gm, 8 hourly) caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. The was started. purpose of this report is to increase the awareness of the pathogenic potential of this organism in bone and The culture of the aspirated fluid revealed small joint infections. pinpoint colonies on 5% sheep blood agar after 24 hours of incubation, which increased in size to 0.5mm with a Case Report narrow zone of β hemolysis after 48 hours of incubation. The isolate was identified as Arcanobacterium A 44-year-old male presented with a two day history haemolyticum on the basis of biochemical tests.3,4 Blood of severe pain in left knee joint along with hot swollen cultures and throat swab cultures did not grow A. knee and fever. There was no history of trauma and the haemolyticum. The organism was sensitive to penicillin, patient was a known case of osteoarthritis for last two augmentin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and years for which he was receiving analgesics. In view of vancomycin. After antimicrobial susceptibility report the increasing pain and knee stiffness he was advised amikacin was withdrawn and intravenous augmentin, 1.2 three doses of weekly intra-articular triamcinolone (40 gm, eight-hourly was given, and the patient had mg) injection. His joint symptoms improved after first diminished pain and joint swelling with decreasing CRP injection but he developed severe pain in left knee along during the subsequent three days. After three days of with fever after the second intra-articular steroid intravenous augmentin, oral augmentin, (625 mg eight- injection. hourly) was continued for a week. The patient had On physical examination his temperature was 40°C. uneventful recovery. He had a markedly oedematous, tender and hyperaemic Discussion *Corresponding author (email: <[email protected]>) A. haemolyticum is a gram positive to gram variable Department of Microbiology , University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, Delhi -110 095, India. pleomorphic rod, non-motile and non-sporulating. In Received:29-04-2004 fresh cultures (<48 hours) organisms are strongly gram- Accepted: 19-05-2004 positive but in older cultures (>48 hours) organisms www.ijmm.org 64 Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol.23, No.1 appear both gram positive and gram negative.1 Optimum easily differentiated as Actinomyces pyogenes growth is obtained on blood or serum enriched medium hydrolyses gelatin rapidly, produce acid from xylose and at 37°C and is enhanced by culturing the organism in produce β-glucoronidase.3 the presence of 5-10% CO2. On horse or sheep blood agar, colonies are circular, discoid, opaque and whitish A. haemolyticum has recently been accepted as an with a rough surface and friable consistency and important human pathogen but has been reported averages 0.1 mm with little or no hemolysis after 24 hours infrequently, as a cause of well defined infections, incubation. At 48 to 72 hours, colonies reach 0.5 mm with probably because of failure to correctly identify the 1 a narrow 1 mm zone of β haemolysis. However, on 5% pathogen in the clinical specimens. A. haemolyticum human blood agar prominent haemolysis is seen within has been implicated as an important cause of pharyngitis 24 hours. The organism is catalase, oxidase, indole and in adolescents and young adults, frequently causing an urease negative, and produces acid but not gas from exanthema that may mimic a viral exanthema, toxic glucose, lactose, trehalose, salicin and maltose but does erythema or drug eruption which usually resolves in a 5 not ferment mannitol or xylose. Sucrose fermentation is few days with or without therapy. Serious infections variable. It hydrolyses starch, produces opalescence on such as brain abscesses, meningitis, septicaemia, lecithovitellin agar, gelatin is not liquefied within 14 days endocarditis and osteomyelitis occur less frequently 1,6-8 and nitrate is not reduced. It grows poorly on tellurite but are fatal if not treated early. Other less serious agar, gives no hemolysis in CAMP test (reverse CAMP infections include chronic skin ulcers, cellulitis and otitis 1,4 test positive) and produces deoxyribonucleases.3,4 A. media. haemolyticum closely resembles Actinomyces pyogenes The role of this organism in orthopaedic infections that is also gram-positive, catalase negative and produce β is not clearly established and is limited to few reports hemolytic colonies. However, the two organisms are (Table). Table: Characteristics of patients with Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection Reference Year Age/Sex Site of infection Associated factors Outcome 1 1961 A/M Osteomyelitis Fracture Treated 7 1977 71/F Foot ulceration with Diabetes Treated vertebral osteomyelitis 8 1990 24/F Ankle joint infection Trauma Treated 10 1995 16/M Subperiosteal abscess – Treated 9 2003 45/M Chronic osteomyelitis – – A. haemolyticum has been isolated from pus drained was not isolated from abscess itself.10 The pathogenesis from ankle joint, which had resulted probably due to of the present case is not entirely clear, probably the spread of infection from abrasion over medial malleolus.10 patient acquired A. haemolyticum infection from his Ceilley reported A.haemolyticum from a woman with colonized skin or contaminated needle during intra- diabetic ulcer who developed vertebral osteomyelitis and articular steroid injection. the organism was isolated from blood and first lumbar vertebrae and he has also mentioned of a case who In view of increasing recognition of the pathogenic developed osteomyelitis following a fracture.1,8 Recently, potential of diphtheroids in clinical disease, all the Biswas et al reported a case of chronic osteomyelitis due aerobic nonspore forming gram positive bacilli obtained to A.haemolyticum and the patient responded to in pure culture from sterile sources should be identified. clindamycin.9 Subperiosteal abscess has been reported The correct identification and antibiotic sensitivity as a complication of orbital cellulitis but the organism testing of such isolates is essential for the proper management of infected individuals. www.ijmm.org January, 2005 Goyal et al – A.haemolyticum Septic Arthritis 65 References 1. Wagner DC. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: biology of 6. Altmann G, Bogokowsky B. Brain abscess due to the organism and diseases in man. Pediatr Infect Dis J Corynebacterium haemolyticum. Lancet 1973;1:378-9. 1991; 10:933-39. 7. Hoosen AA, Rassol MN. Roux L. Post traumatic ankle 2. Linder R. Rhodococcus equi and Arcanobacterium joint infection with Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: a case haemolyticum: two “coryneform” bacteria increasingly report. J Infect Dis 1990;162:780-1 recognized as agents of human infections. Emerg Infect Dis 1997; 3:145-53. 8. Ceilley RI. Foot ulceration and vertebral osteomyelitis with Corynebacterium haemolyticum. Arch Dermatol 3. Cowan & steel. Manual for the identification of medical 1977; 113: 646-7. bacteria. 3rd ed. Barrow GI, Feltham RKA. Eds. (Cambridge University Press, London) 1993; 51-93. 9. Biswas D, Gupta P, Gupta P, Prasad R, Arya M. A case of chronic osteomyelitis due to Arcanobacterium 4. Bhat C, Hemashettar BN, Patil CS. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. Ind J Med Microbiol 2003; 21:209-10. haemolyticum in chronic wound infection. Ind J Med Microbiol 1997; 15(1): 41-42. 10. Ford JG, Yeatts RP, Givner LB. Orbital cellulitis, Subperiosteal abscess, sinusitis, and septicemia caused by 5. Gaston DA, Zurowski SM. Arcanobacterium Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. Am J Ophthalmol haemolyticum pharyngitis and exanthema. Arch Dermatol 1995;120:261-2. 1996; 132:61-64. www.ijmm.org.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ID 2 | Issue No: 4.1 | Issue Date: 29.10.14 | Page: 1 of 24 © Crown Copyright 2014 Identification of Corynebacterium Species
    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Corynebacterium species Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 2 | Issue no: 4.1 | Issue date: 29.10.14 | Page: 1 of 24 © Crown copyright 2014 Identification of Corynebacterium species Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk- standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical- laboratories. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for-microbiology-investigations- steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality- and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Logos correct at time of publishing. Bacteriology – Identification | ID 2 | Issue no: 4.1 | Issue date: 29.10.14 | Page: 2 of 24 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Corynebacterium species Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kansas Journal of Medicine, Volume 11 Issue 1
    VOLUME 11 • ISSUE 1 • Feb. 2018 WHAT’S INSIDE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH • CASE STUDIES • REVIEW TABLE OF CONTENTS ORIGINAL RESEARCH 1 Safe Sleep Practices of Kansas Birthing Hospitals Carolyn R. Ahlers-Schmidt, Ph.D., Christy Schunn, LSCSW, Cherie Sage, M.S., Matthew Engel, MPH, Mary Benton, Ph.D. CASE STUDIES 5 Neck Trauma and Extra-tracheal Intubation Vinh K. Pham, M.D., Justin C. Sandall, D.O. 8 Strongyloides Duodenitis in an Immunosuppressed Patient with Lupus Nephritis Ramprasad Jegadeesan, M.D., Tharani Sundararajan, MBBS, Roshni Jain, MS-3, Tejashree Karnik, M.D., Zalina Ardasenov, M.D., Elena Sidorenko, M.D. 11 Arcanobacterium Brain Abscesses, Subdural Empyema, and Bacteremia Complicating Epstein-Barr Virus Mononucleosis Victoria Poplin, M.D., David S. McKinsey, M.D. REVIEW 15 Transgender Competent Provider: Identifying Transgender Health Needs, Health Disparities, and Health Coverage Sarah Houssayni, M.D., Kari Nilsen, Ph.D. 20 The Increased Vulnerability of Refugee Population to Mental Health Disorders Sameena Hameed, Asad Sadiq, MBChB, MRCPsych, Amad U. Din, M.D., MPH KANSAS JOURNAL of MEDICINE deaths attributed to SIDS had one or more factors contributing to an unsafe sleep environment.3 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment delineate a number of modifi- able factors to reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths.4 Factors Safe Sleep Practices of Kansas Birthing include back sleep only, room-sharing without bed-sharing, use of a Hospitals firm sleep surface, keeping soft bedding and other items out of the Carolyn R. Ahlers-Schmidt, Ph.D.1, Christy Schunn, LSCSW2, crib, and avoiding infant overheating.
    [Show full text]
  • (Publication Only) Corynebacterium Spp. and Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum Identification
    R2737 Abstract (publication only) Corynebacterium spp. and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum identification. Usefulness of the Vitek 2 ANC card R. Soloaga*, N. Carrion, C. Barberis, M. Almuzara, L. Guelfand, J. Pidone, C. Vay (Buenos Aires, AR) Introduction: Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C.ulcerans may be isolated from suspected cases of classical diphtheria, cutaneous diphtheria and very rarely from other clinical infections. Non-diphtheric corynebacteria are opportunistic pathogens, especially in nosocomial setting where they have been associated with endocarditis, pulmonary infection, medical devices infections and urinary tract infection. A. haemolyticum infection manifests as exudative pharyngitis and tonsillitis accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy and less commonly, the organism causes deep-seated infections and skin and soft-tissue infections Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the Vitek 2 ANC card (bioMèrieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) performance for identification of the most frequently clinical relevant Corynebacterium species and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Methods: Sixty-two unique clinical isolates (2 C. diphtheriae, 7 C. jeikeium, 10 C. amycolatum, 15 C.striatum, 12 C.urealyticum, 1 C.minutissimum, 8 C. pseudodiphtheriticum, 1 C. ulcerans and 6 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum) represented the 9 taxa included in the Vitek 2 ANC database and 6 strains represented related species not included in the database were analyzed in this study. All the strains were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S) as the reference method. For Vitek identification, all the strains were isolated in pure culture on Columbia blood agar. After 24-48 h incubation to 35ºC in ambient air, a bacterial suspension was made in 0.45% aqueous ClNa and adjusted to a McFarland of 2.7-3.2 with Vitekk 2 Densicheck instrument (bioMérieux).The inoculated card was loaded into the Vitek 2C automated identification system according to the manufacturer´s instruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum Type Strain (11018)
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Complete genome sequence of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum type strain (11018). Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03f632gf Journal Standards in genomic sciences, 3(2) ISSN 1944-3277 Authors Yasawong, Montri Teshima, Hazuki Lapidus, Alla et al. Publication Date 2010-09-28 DOI 10.4056/sigs.1123072 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Standards in Genomic Sciences (2010) 3:126-135 DOI:10.4056/sigs.1123072 Complete genome sequence of Arcanobacterium T haemolyticum type strain (11018 ) Montri Yasawong1, Hazuki Teshima2,3, Alla Lapidus2, Matt Nolan2, Susan Lucas2, Tijana Glavina Del Rio2, Hope Tice2, Jan-Fang Cheng2, David Bruce2,3, Chris Detter2,3, Roxanne Tapia2,3, Cliff Han2,3, Lynne Goodwin2,3, Sam Pitluck2, Konstantinos Liolios2, Natalia Ivanova2, Konstantinos Mavromatis2, Natalia Mikhailova2, Amrita Pati2, Amy Chen4, Krishna Palaniappan4, Miriam Land2,5, Loren Hauser2,5, Yun-Juan Chang2,5, Cynthia D. Jeffries2,5, Manfred Rohde1, Johannes Sikorski6, Rüdiger Pukall6, Markus Göker6, Tanja Woyke2, James Bristow2, Jonathan A. Eisen2,7, Victor Markowitz4, Philip Hugenholtz2, Nikos C. Kyrpides2, and Hans-Peter Klenk6* 1 HZI – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany 2 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 4 Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 5 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA 6 DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany 7 University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA *Corresponding author: Hans-Peter Klenk Keywords: obligate parasite, human pathogen, pharyngeal lesions, skin lesions, facultative anaerobe, Actinomycetaceae, Actinobacteria, GEBA Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (ex MacLean et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation Ofapi Coryne System for Identifying Coryneform Bacteria
    756 Y Clin Pathol 1994;47:756-759 Evaluation of API Coryne system for identifying coryneform bacteria J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.47.8.756 on 1 August 1994. Downloaded from A Soto, J Zapardiel, F Soriano Abstract that are aerobe or facultatively aerobe, non- Aim-To identify rapidly and accurately spore forming organisms of the following gen- coryneform bacteria, using a commercial era: Corynebacterium, Listeria, Actinomyces, strip system. Arcanobacterium, Erysipelothrix, Oerskovia, Methods-Ninety eight strains of Cory- Brevibacterium and Rhodococcus. It also per- nebacterium species and 62 additional mits the identification of Gardnerella vaginalis strains belonging to genera Erysipelorix, which often has a diphtheroid appearance and Oerskovia, Rhodococcus, Actinomyces, a variable Gram stain. Archanobacterium, Gardnerella and We studied 160 organisms in total from dif- Listeria were studied. Bacteria were ferent species of the Corynebacterium genus, as identified using conventional biochemi- well as from other morphological related gen- cal tests and a commercial system (API- era or groups, some of them not included in Coryne, BioMerieux, France). Fresh rab- the API Coryne database. bit serum was added to fermentation tubes for Gardnerella vaginalis isolates. Results-One hundred and five out ofthe Methods 160 (65.7%) organisms studied were cor- The study was carried out on Gram positive rectly and completely identified by the bacilli belonging to the genera Coryne- API Coryne system. Thirty five (21.8%) bacterium, Erysipelothrix, Oerskovia, Rhodococcus, more were correctly identified with addi- Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium, Gardnerella and tional tests. Seventeen (10-6%) organisms Listeria included in the API Coryne database were not identified by the system and (table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Validation in Horse Foals Challenged with the TB-Related
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/292946; this version posted April 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Antibody-based vaccine for tuberculosis: validation in horse foals challenged 2 with the TB-related pathogen Rhodococcus equi 3 4 C. Cywes-Bentley1†, J. N. Rocha2†, A. I. Bordin2, M. Vinacur1, S. Rehman1, T.S. 5 Zaidi1, M. Meyer3, S. Anthony3, M. Lambert3, D. R. Vlock4, S. Giguère5, N. D. 6 Cohen2*, G. B. Pier1* 7 8 Affiliations: 9 1 Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 10 2College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College 11 Station, TX, USA. 12 3Mg Biologics, Ames, IA, USA 13 3ALOPEXX Vaccine LLC, Concord, MA, USA. 14 4College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 15 † Co-first authors 16 *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Drs. Cohen and Pier serve jointly as 17 corresponding authors: [email protected] and [email protected] 18 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/292946; this version posted April 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 19 Abstract: 20 Immune correlates for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection 21 and other intracellular pathogens are largely undetermined. Whether there is a role for 22 antibody-mediated immunity is controversial. Rhodococcus equi is an intracellular 23 pathogen causing severe pneumonia in young horse foals, eliciting a disease with many 24 similarities to TB including intracellular residence, formation of granulomas and 25 induction of severe respiratory distress.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhodococcus Equi
    DISPATCHES apy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincris- Rhodococcus equi tine, and prednisolone every 2 weeks (CHOP14), in com- bination with alemtuzumab 30 mg subcutaneously on days Infection after 1, 5, and 9 of each cycle. This combined therapy was well tolerated. Complete cytologic and immunohistochemical Alemtuzumab remission was confi rmed by blood and bone marrow ex- amination 2 weeks after the latest chemotherapy treatment. Therapy for T-cell Ten weeks later, the patient experienced fl u-like symptoms Prolymphocytic and had a fever of 38.9°C. One week earlier, the antimicro- bial prophylaxis, which consisted of valacyclovir, 500 mg Leukemia 2 times/day, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 960 mg 3 times/week, had been stopped, although the alemtuzumab- Jan J. Meeuse,* Herman G. Sprenger,* induced lymphocytopenia was still present (leukocytes 7.2 Sander van Assen,* Dominique Leduc,† × 109/L, 84% neutrophils, 0.6% lymphocytes). Outpatient Simon M.G.J. Daenen,* Jan P. Arends,* evaluation showed 2 lung abscesses. From 3 consecutive and Tjip S. van der Werf* blood cultures and from the bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid, Rhodococcus equi, mainly known from veterinary med- a gram-positive bacillus with mucoid growth was isolated icine as a pathogen in domestic animals, can also cause and identifi ed as R. equi (API Coryne, bioMérieux, Marcy infections in immunocompromised humans, especially in l’Etoile, France). The isolated strain was resistant to β-lac- those with defects in cellular immunity. Alemtuzumab, an tam antimicrobial drugs and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxa- anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, causes lymphocytopenia zole and susceptible to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fl u- by eliminating CD52-positive cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Prevalence of ANTAR Rnas Across Actinobacteria
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.11.335034; this version posted October 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Diversity and prevalence of ANTAR RNAs across actinobacteria Dolly Mehta1,2 and Arati Ramesh1,+ 1National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, India 560065. 2SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur – 613401. +Corresponding Author: Arati Ramesh National Centre for Biological Sciences GKVK Campus, Bellary Road Bangalore, 560065 Tel. 91-80-23666930 e-mail: [email protected] Running title: Identification of ANTAR RNAs across Actinobacteria Keywords: ANTAR protein:RNA regulatory system, structured RNA, actinobacteria 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.11.335034; this version posted October 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ABSTRACT Computational approaches are often used to predict regulatory RNAs in bacteria, but their success is limited to RNAs that are highly conserved across phyla, in sequence and structure. The ANTAR regulatory system consists of a family of RNAs (the ANTAR-target RNAs) that selectively recruit ANTAR proteins. This protein-RNA complex together regulates genes at the level of translation or transcriptional elongation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Porcine Nasal Microbiota with Particular Attention to Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Germany—A Culturomic Approach
    microorganisms Article The Porcine Nasal Microbiota with Particular Attention to Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Germany—A Culturomic Approach Andreas Schlattmann 1, Knut von Lützau 1, Ursula Kaspar 1,2 and Karsten Becker 1,3,* 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (K.v.L.); [email protected] (U.K.) 2 Landeszentrum Gesundheit Nordrhein-Westfalen, Fachgruppe Infektiologie und Hygiene, 44801 Bochum, Germany 3 Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-3834-86-5560 Received: 17 March 2020; Accepted: 2 April 2020; Published: 4 April 2020 Abstract: Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) remains a serious public health threat. Porcine nasal cavities are predominant habitats of LA-MRSA. Hence, components of their microbiota might be of interest as putative antagonistically acting competitors. Here, an extensive culturomics approach has been applied including 27 healthy pigs from seven different farms; five were treated with antibiotics prior to sampling. Overall, 314 different species with standing in nomenclature and 51 isolates representing novel bacterial taxa were detected. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from pigs on all seven farms sampled, comprising ten different spa types with t899 (n = 15, 29.4%) and t337 (n = 10, 19.6%) being most frequently isolated. Twenty-six MRSA (mostly t899) were detected on five out of the seven farms. Positive correlations between MRSA colonization and age and colonization with Streptococcus hyovaginalis, and a negative correlation between colonization with MRSA and Citrobacter spp.
    [Show full text]
  • C O N F E R E N C E 25 1 May 2019
    Joint Pathology Center Veterinary Pathology Services WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2018-2019 C o n f e r e n c e 25 1 May 2019 CASE I: N261/13 (JPC 4037902). Laboratory results: Both Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma felis were Signalment: 5 month old, female, Devon cultured from samples of lung. rex, Felis domesticus, feline. Microscopic Description: Multifocally, History: This young, fully vaccinated, there is extensive necrosis of contiguous pedigree Devon rex cat with no previous alveolar walls with filling of associated history of illness became acutely ill with airspace with cell debris, protein-rich pyrexia and severe dyspnea, the morning fluid/fibrin, and admixed intact and following its attendance at a cat show where degenerate inflammatory cells it had won both classes of competition for (predominantly neutrophils with fewer which it had been entered. Despite immediate macrophages and lymphocytes). Myriad veterinary attention and antibiotic treatment, loosely scattered to clumped basophilic the animal died within 36 hrs and was coccobacilli (bacteria), and small numbers of submitted for necropsy. Gross Pathology: The carcass is well preserved with adequate body fat reserves. Periocular and perinasal regions are encrusted with light brown discharge. Tracheal and bronchial lumens filled with frothy mucopurulent exudate. There is multifocal consolidation in all lung lobes: on sectioning coalescing pale firm foci are present. The kidneys are bilaterally congested at the cortico-medullary junction. The stomach contains mucus only. Feces of Lung, cat. Approximately 33% of the section is effaced by normal color and consistency in rectum. The areas of hyper\cellularity centered on small airways, and urinary bladder is empty.
    [Show full text]
  • Arcanobacterium Pyogenes Sepsis in Farmer, Brazil
    LETTERS Arcanobacterium g/dL, alanine aminotransferase 108 this grouping supported the phenotyp- U/L, and total bilirubin 2.57 mg/dL. ic identification. pyogenes Sepsis Blood and the ear secretion were sub- During the 7 days after admis- in Farmer, Brazil mitted for culture. Cefepime was pre- sion, the patient’s condition worsened, scribed, 2 g/twice a day. cefepime was withdrawn, and am- To the Editor: Arcanobacterium Three blood cultures grew gram- picillin 6 g/day plus gentamicin 240 pyogenes is a normal inhabitant of positive bacilli, initially identified mg/day were prescribed. The patient the mucous membranes of domestic as Corynebacterium spp., sensitive became afebrile, gradually recovered, animals, such as cattle, sheep, swine, to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and was discharged after 28 days of and goats (1). Diseases caused by this gentamicin, clindamycin, vancomycin, therapy. agent have been reported for persons and resistant to erythromycin, as deter- Our patient had otitis media that who live in rural areas and have un- mined by disk-diffusion test. Ear dis- progressed to sepsis, which was di- derlying illnesses such as cancer and charge culture grew Proteus mirabilis, agnosed by clinical, laboratory, and diabetes (2–4). A recent literature sensitive to β-lactams, cephalosporins, imaging findings. The causative agent review (3), elicited by a case of A. and aminoglycosides. Subcultures may have been undetectable in ear pyogenes endocarditis, found 13 un- of the gram-positive bacilli on sheep discharge if it was overshadowed by equivocal cases of human infection blood agar grew pinpointed, grayish, a strain of P. mirabilis, a fastidious with this agent; many patients had a β-hemolytic colonies, identified as A.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Masquerade Or Mixed Infection
    INT J TUBERC LUNG DIS 10(3):351–353 CASE STUDY © 2006 The Union Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: masquerade or mixed infection N. F. Mistry,* Y. Dholakia,* D. T. B. D’Souza,* M. Taylor,† S. Hoffner,‡ T. J. Birdi* * Foundation for Medical Research, Mumbai, India; † Imperial College School of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom; ‡ Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden SUMMARY Rhodocci have a morphology similar to that of Myco- emergence of resistance. We present here a sputum smear bacterium tuberculosis (TB), and are indistinguishable AFB-positive case who, although clinically cured, re- from normal diphtheroid flora. Symptoms include fever, mains unresolved despite a series of technological inves- productive/non-productive cough and pleuritic chest tigations as to the cause of infection being purely rhodo- pain. Rhodococcal infections, being resistant to routine cocci or mixed infection with M. tuberculosis. anti-tuberculosis medications, may be misdiagnosed as KEY WORDS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rhodococ- drug-resistant TB, thus prompting treatment for TB cus equi; rpo␤ mutations; mixed infections; IS1081; Oxy R with rifampicin-containing regimens that promote the ALTHOUGH they are resistant to routine anti- attacks and the smear results, anti-tuberculosis treat- tuberculosis treatment, rhodococci are morphologi- ment (HRZE*) was commenced on 18 May 2002 cally similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), along with haematinics and ayurvedic immune mod- and are indistinguishable from normal diphtheroid ulators. The latter were temporarily withheld follow- respiratory flora.1,2 Symptoms include fever, productive/ ing a bout of acute bronchospasm. The paroxysmal non-productive cough and pleuritic chest pain. Rhodo- cough episodes persisted up to 9 weeks with fluctua- Q: “Although the” What word is missing? Q: “Although the” What word coccal infections, being resistant to routine anti- tions in respiratory symptoms.
    [Show full text]