LIE)ALECTICS and the DISCURSIVE DEQUEERIFICATION of POLITICAL SPACES BASED on RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS: a CRITICAL RHETORICAL ANALYSIS of the MORMON and GAY WEBSITE Myra N
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University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Communication ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 4-18-2018 (LIE)ALECTICS AND THE DISCURSIVE DEQUEERIFICATION OF POLITICAL SPACES BASED ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS: A CRITICAL RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MORMON AND GAY WEBSITE Myra N. Roberts Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds Part of the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Roberts, Myra N.. "(LIE)ALECTICS AND THE DISCURSIVE DEQUEERIFICATION OF POLITICAL SPACES BASED ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS: A CRITICAL RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MORMON AND GAY WEBSITE." (2018). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds/109 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Myra Nichole Roberts Candidate Communication and Journalism Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Myra Washington, Co-chair Dr. Mary Jane Collier, Co-chair Dr. Shinsuke Eguchi Dr. Charles E. Morris III (LIE)ALECTICS AND THE DISCURSIVE DEQUEERIFICATION OF POLITICAL SPACES BASED ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS: A CRITICAL RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MORMON AND GAY WEBSITE BY MYRA N. ROBERTS A.A., General Studies, Portland Community College, 2004 B.A., Speech Communication, Oregon State University, 2008 M.A., Interdisciplinary Studies, Oregon State University, 2011 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Communication The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May 2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The acknowledgements portion of one’s dissertation is the most difficult to write; let no one tell you differently! If the Oscar’s have taught us nothing, it is that one can thank everyone in the world and still fall short of stating adequately their gratitude for those who have supported them in their endeavors toward their accomplishments. I begin first with my committee. To Dr. Myra Washington, I am grateful for not only your time and extensive editing efforts, but also for your keen and insightful perspectives. This project would not be what it is without the contribution of your brilliance! You helped me to see my own perspectives more clearly, helped me to write about them more effectively, and pushed me to go beyond what I thought I was capable of doing. You patiently endured my self-doubt throughout this process and helped me to be more centered in my approach to scholarship as a whole. I wholehearted thank you for your contributions to this project. To Dr. Mary Jane Collier, for your countless hours of “heavy-handed” editing, I am eternally grateful. You have made me a better writer and self-editor. You helped me learn how to review my own work and become a more independent scholar. But more importantly, you helped me come into my own as a critical scholar and activist. I did not realize when I came to UNM that I would we walking amongst giants, and it has been a great honor to work with and learn from you. And in many ways, I got much more than just an advisor out of you. I saw in you facets of the kind of scholar I want to be, and you have supported not only my academic journey, but I always felt that you supported me as a person as well—through all the extra-special struggles that accompany completing this PhD journey. You have truly impacted my life for the better. iii To Dr. Shinsuke Eguchi, I will be forever grateful for your presence on my committee and introducing me to an entire new world and perspective on who I am as a person and the scholarship I want to contribute to. I can still remember the first week of the semester, you invited me to meet with you, and I told you that I identified as a lesbian, and you very intentionally asked me: You don’t identify as queer? Which opened up a conversation that has been expanding and growing for the past five years. You have always offered your support, and I truly appreciate your insights that push me to think deeper and in more complex ways. To Dr. Charles E. Morris III, thank you for your willingness to be a part of my committee. Being a household name in Critical Rhetoric, I am certain you have many students who want to work with you—so it has been an honor to have you on my committee. Being my outside committee member means I did not get as many opportunities to interact with you as my other committee members, but your insights and willingness to engage my project is meaningful to me, and I sincerely appreciate your contributions to this project. Additionally, to Sharon Bernstein, thank you for helping me to restablize through one of the most difficult experiences of my life that might otherwise have derailed the completion of this project. And to Natalie Smith, for helping me through some exceptionally difficult moments throughout my program, and for providing the theoretical frameworks through which I could see (in addressing my positionalities) that my personal experiences with this topic are truly a sight of trauma—making it possible for this study to help others who experience similar traumas in being marginalized by their sexual identities. Thank you for your willingness to share with me your own experiences so that I might accept my own. I will be forever grateful for your vulnerability—a word that does not come easily for you. iv Thank you for teaching me about betrayal that I might learn to forgive—something no one wants to go through whilst pursuing a PhD, but which forced me to see the strength within myself to survive. Only from the woman who taught me the most about dialectics could the theory of (lie)alectics emerge. I hope one day that my research will make a difference in this world and help people in the ways you try to help people and influence the world. It was an honor to work with you. To all of my family and friends who have supported me, it is impossible to encapsulate everything I want to say. To my parents, Paul and Gayle, for all of your emotional and financial support through this process, I am eternally grateful. To my siblings: Bill, Wayne, Capri, Heather, and Bronwyn, thank you for your undying support as the bestest siblings in the world who have accepted me for who I am from the very beginning. To my cohort: Noorie, Godfried, Emily, Jose, Gabby, Mario, Lisa, and Stephen—you were my rock, and it has been a privilege to call you not just friends, but family. I am grateful for your continued presence in my life, and I am grateful for the overall opportunity UNM provided me with to engage the caliber of people who I get to call family, friends, and colleagues. v (LIE)ALECTICS AND THE DISCURSIVE DEQUEERIFICATION OF POLITICAL SPACES BASED ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS: A CRITICAL RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MORMON AND GAY WEBSITE BY MYRA N. ROBERTS A.A., General Studies, Portland Community College, 2004 B.A., Speech Communication, Oregon State University, 2008 M.A., Interdisciplinary Studies, Oregon State University, 2011 ABSTRACT Over the past decade, sexual orientation and identity has increasingly been added to state and federal anti-discrimination laws, prompting a rhetorical situation by the Christian Right in attempts to exempt themselves from upholding anti-discrimination laws pertaining to sexual identity and orientation. This study analyzes the Mormon and Gay website—a website dedicated to advancing the position of the Mormon Church on issues of non- heterosexuality. Utilizing rhetorical textual analysis, I develop two theoretical frameworks: (lie)alectics and dequeerification to demonstrate how the discourse under examination attempts to appear non-homophobic while maintaining homophobic church doctrine. I argue that this model stands to influence the First Amendment in extending the Free Exercise clause to allow religiously-identified individuals to police and punish non-heterosexual behaviors. Additionally, this research calls for the reinforcement of the Establishment clause of the First Amendment, which restricts the federal government from establishing a national religion or to privilege one religion over another. Ultimately, this research functions as a form of activism, which highlights the discourse published on the Mormon and Gay website as discriminatory and not a step towards acceptance as it represents itself. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 A Self-Reflexive Beginning ............................................................................... 1 Problem Statement, Rationale, and Research Goals .......................................... 4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXTUALIZATION ............................ 16 Contextualizing Homophobia in the US ............................................................ 16 Current Proposed Anti-gay Legislation ............................................................. 21 Mormon Church Origins, History, and Major Doctrinal Tenets ....................... 24 Mormon Doctrine and Church Policies ............................................................. 27 Mormonism’s Evolving Stance on Homosexuality ........................................... 28 The Website: Mormons