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Erin and Alban A READY REFERENCE SKETCH OF ERIN AND ALBAN WITH SOME ANNALS OF A BRANCH OF A WEST HIGHLAND FAMILY SARAH A. McCANDLESS CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. PART I CHAPTER I PRE-HISTORIC PEOPLE OF BRITAIN 1. The Stone Age--Periods 2. The Bronze Age 3. The Iron Age 4. The Turanians 5. The Aryans and Branches 6. The Celto CHAPTER II FIRST HISTORICAL MENTION OF BRITAIN 1. Greeks 2. Phoenicians 3. Romans CHAPTER III COLONIZATION PE}RIODS OF ERIN, TRADITIONS 1. British 2. Irish: 1. Partholon 2. Nemhidh 3. Firbolg 4. Tuatha de Danan 5. Miledh 6. Creuthnigh 7. Physical CharacteriEtics of the Colonists 8. Period of Ollaimh Fodhla n ·'· Cadroc's Tradition 10. Pictish Tradition CHAPTER IV ERIN FROM THE 5TH TO 15TH CENTURY 1. 5th to 8th, Christianity-Results 2. 9th to 12th, Danish Invasions :0. 12th. Tribes and Families 4. 1169-1175, Anglo-Norman Conquest 5. Condition under Anglo-Norman Rule CHAPTER V LEGENDARY HISTORY OF ALBAN 1. Irish sources 2. Nemedians in Alban 3. Firbolg and Tuatha de Danan 4. Milesians in Alban 5. Creuthnigh in Alban 6. Two Landmarks 7. Three pagan kings of Erin in Alban II CONTENTS CHAPTER VI AUTHENTIC HISTORY BEGINS 1. Battle of Ocha, 478 A. D. 2. Dalaradia, 498 A. D. 3. Connection between Erin and Alban CHAPTER VII ROMAN CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN (55 B.C.-410 A.D.) 1. Caesar's Campaigns, 54-55 B.C. 2. Agricola's Campaigns, 78-86 A.D. 3. Hadrian's Campaigns, 120 A.D. 4. Severus' Campaigns, 208 A.D. 5. State of Britain During 150 Years after SeveTus 6. Theodosius' Campaign, 360 7. Stilicho's Campaign, 396 8. Withdrawal of Romans, 410 CHAPTER VIII BRITAIN AFTER ROMANS WITHDRAW. (410) 1. Period of Darkness 2. Settlement of Tribes 3. The four Kingdoms 1. Dalaradia 2. Picts, 2 Div. 3. Britons and Angles 4 Wars with Pagan Kings 5. Church of Northumbria Conforms to Rome CHAPTER IX THE KINGDOM OF SCONE 1. State of the Four Kingdoms, 731 2. Neotan (Picts) Conform to Rome, 710 3. Wars with Dalaradia 4. Foundation of St. Andrews 5. Danish Invasions 6. Kenneth Mac Alpine, First King of the Picts and Scots CHAPTER X THE KINGDOM OF ALBAN, 889-1005 1. Law of Succession 2. Invasions of Norwegians and Danes 3. Organization of the Church and Provinces 4. Wars with Wessex, Fealty to England 5. Family Wars CHAPTER XI THE KINGDOM OF SCOTIA, (1005-1290) Malcolm II, (1005-1034) 1. Extent of Scotia, Alliance with Sigurd 2. War with Danes 3. The Name Scotia Duncan ( 1034-1040) . 1. The Orkneys and War with Thorfinn Macbeda (1040-1057) 1. Division, Macbeda's Claims and Character 2. Sigurd and Tostig assist Duncan's Son CONTENTS III CHAPTER XII SCOTIA CONTINUED Malcolm III. (1057-1093) 1. Rivals, Alliance with Norway 2. Second Marriage-His Claims 3. War with English in Northumbria 4. Character of Malcolm, Extent of Scotia 5. Ancestry of the Queen, Her Influence and Death 6. Education of the Children, Influence of Matilda's Marriage 7. The Succession Donald Ban, (1093), (six months) Duncan, (1093-1094), (six months) Donald Ban and Edmund, (1094-1097) l~dgar, (1097-1107) 1. English Aid 2. Treaty with Magnus 3. War with Donald Ban Alexander I, (1107-1124) 1. Division of the Kingdom 2. Character of the King 3. English Archbishops Assert Supremacy in Scotland CHAPTER XIII SCOTIA, NOW FEUDAL SCOTLAND David, (1124-1153) 1. Bishopric of Glasgow 2. Feudal Institutions 3. Moray Revolts 4. David Aids Matilda 5. Battle of the Standard 6. David's Land Prosperous 7. Advance in Civilization 8. Succession Settled on Grandson CHAPTER XIII, Continued Malcolm IV, (1153-1165) 1. Gaels Revolt 2. Somerlied William the Lion, (1165-1214) 1. Claims Northumbria 2. Celtic Uprising CHAPTER XIV SCOTIA, NOW FEUDAL SCOTLAND, Continued Alexander II, (1214-1249) 1. Coronation 2. Moray 3. Argyll and Galloway 4. War with Norway for the Isles Alexander III, (1249-1285) 1. Coronation 2. Enshrining of Queen Margaret, ( 1250) 3. Change in Regency 4. War with Hakon for the Isles 5. Results of the Battle of Largs 6. Treaty with Norway 7. Estates Settle the Succession 8. Death of the Maid of Norwa¥ IV CONTENTS Scotland During Alexander's Reign 1. Consolidation 2. Two Special Features 3. People and Language CHAPTER XV SCOTLAND FROM THE END OF THE CELTIC DYNASTY TO THE HOUSE OF STUART, (1290-1370) 1. Rival Heirs, Decision 2. Edward I. as Overlord John Baliol, ( 1290-1296) 1. Causes of Hostility to England 2. Results in Scotland 3. War for Independence Under Wallace. Until 1303 Robert Bruce, (1303-1329) 1. Crowned in 1306 2. War Renewed by Edward II. 3. Bannockburn, Results 4. Edward II. Concludes Peace, ( 1328) David II., (1329-1370) 1. Barons Revolt Under Edward Baliol 2. Condition of the Kingdom 3. Battle at Neville's Cross, Results, ( 1346) CHAPTER XVI. Part 1. THE STUART DYNASTY IN SCOTLAND, (1370-1603) 1. List of Kings 2. Act of Settlement Transfers Rule to the House of Hanover THE STUART RULERS Robert II, (1370-1390) 1. Otterburn 1388) Robert III., (1390-1406) 1. Halidon Hill 2. Prince James Captured, (1405) James I., (1424-1436) 1. Condition of the Kingdom .James II., (1437-1460) 1. Regency 2. Assist Lancaster Party James III., (1460-1488) 1. Character and Favorites 2. Cause of War with England 3. Revolt of the Nobles James IV., (1488-1513) 1. Marriage 2. Enforcement of Laws 3. Invasion of Eng. Flodden CHAPTER XVI, Continued .James V., (1513-1542) 1. Dissension with Henry VIII., Results Mary Stuart, (1542-1567) 1. Invasion of Scotland 2. Battle of Pinkie 3. Alliance with France --- CONTENTS v 4. Religion a Cause of Discord 5. Regency 6. Treaty with Elizabeth 7. The Queen's Reception, (1561), Her Marriage 8. Causes of Mary's Abdication, ( 1567) 9. Imprisonment in England 10. Estimates of Mary Stuart's Character James VI., ( 1567-1603), James I., (1603-1625) 1. Regency 2. Cause of Civil War, Results 3. The Covenants 4. The Black Acts, (1584) 5. Church Lands, (1587) 6. Roman Plot 7. James I. of England, (1603) Record of the House of Stuart The Scotch Irish CHAPTER XVII THE CHURCH IN ERIN AND ALBAN (Abridged from Celtic Scotland, Vol. II. arranged in twelve sec· tions each having special features, landmarks of the period.) Section I. The Primitive Religion Section II. Introduction of Christianity Section III. The Irish Church under St. Patrick Section IV. The Dalriadic Church Section V. Monasticism Section VI. The Church of St. Columba Section VII. The Southern Church Section VIII. Periods of Change in the Celtic Church Section IX. The Culdees Section X. Coming of the Danes Section XI. The Scottish Church Section XII. (12th Century) The state of the Church Extinction of the old Celtic Church CHAPTER XVII Section I. The Primitive Religion 1. The Druids 2. Nature Worship Section II. Introduction of Christianity 1. Ninian 2. Palladius Section III. Irish Church Under St. Patrick 1. Early Life, Episcopate 2. Leading Features of the Church, Three Periods 3. Influence of Gaul Section IV. The Dalriadic Church 1. Colony of Scots, 498 2. Iona, Seven Bishops Section V. Monasticism 1. Columbanus 2. Introduction of Monastic Life 3. Clonard Section VI. Church of St. Columba 1. Columba comes to Alban, (563), Iona 2. Organization of the Columban Church 3. Devotional System VI CONTENTS 4. Conversion of the Picts 5. Political Object of Columba 6. Results of Twelve Years' Labor 7. Death of Columba, ( 597) 8. Monastery and "Family of Iona" 9. The Brethren, Vows, Classes 10. Manner of Life, Discipline Section VII. The Southern Church 1. Conflict Between Christian and Pagan, ( 573) 2. Kentigen, Early Life, Fi;r~t Bishop of Glasgow 3. Meeting with Columba 4. His Death, ( 603) 5. Wars of Penda with Aeduin, Two Events Section VIII. Periods of Change in Church 1. Two Leading Events 2. Columban Church in Northumbria 3. Southern Irish Church Conforms in 634 4. Synod of Whilby, Northumbrian Church Conforms, 664 5. Andanman, Abbot of Iona, 704. Synod of Tara. 6. Northem Picts Conform, 710 7. Schism at Iona, Dunchad's Party Conform, 716. 8. Monks Expelled by Nectan, 717. St>ction IX. The Culdees 1. Names of the Anchorites 2. Origin and Development Section X. Coming of the Danes 1. Iona Monastery Burned, 795. 2. Changes at Iona, 704-772) Monastery rebuilt. 3. Changes in Government, 844-860. 4. Columban Church Restored, Dunkeld CHAPTER XVII Section XI. The Scottish Church 1. Giric's Measures, 875-889. 2. Assembly at 'Scone, 908, Primacy Transferred to S"t. Andrews 3. Keledei and St. Andrews 4. Dunkeld a Lay Possession, Consequences 5 Celibacy Enforced, 1139 6. Character of Queen Margaret, Influence, Rebuilds Iona. Story of the Queen's Missal. 7. State of the Church, 12th Century and Keledei of St. Andrew 8. Dr. Reeves Explanation of Keledei. 9. State of Iona 10. Cele De of Clonmacnois Section XII. Extinction of the Old Celtic Church 1. Causes; Internal Decay and External Change 2. Roman Influence, Edgar, Alexander, and David 3. English Archbishops C~aim Supremacy 4. Bishop Robert, David's Policy 5. Aggressive Measures Against the Culdees, 1144; St. An- Andrews, 1248; They Disappear, 1332. 6. Lochleven and other Culdees Disappear. 7. Bull of Pope Clement, 1188. 8. Conditions at Iona 9. Reginald Inherits Iona 10. Resistance of the Family of Iona. CONTENTS VII QHAPTER XVIII. Part 1. LEARNING AND LANGUAGE 1. Monastic Schools 2. Writings of Columbanus and Others 3: The Scriba, Duties, the Ferleigium or Lector 4. Beginning of a Written Language 5. Differences in the Dialects 6. Scotch Gaelic 7. Gaelic Termed Scottish 8.
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