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Lighter aboard ship : Barrage or other shallow water craft carried onboard a ship for transporting from ship to shore and the other way around. MV Rhine Forest in the of Rotterdam The lighter aboard ship (LASH) system refers to the practice of loading (lighters) aboard a larger vessel for . Development The palette of the ship types was extended in September, 1969 by an other type. With the commissioning of the Acadia Forrest the transport of in the ship to the connection through of separate inland waterways took his beginning. A big carrier ship takes as a lighter or barges (ships without own impulse) called swimming normed cargo containers on. In the port of destination the carrier ship separates from these barges again. They become moved there in the harbour, on and as vehicles of the inland shipping in a push line. The carrier ships are called LASH- Carrier, -carrier, Kangaroo ships or Lighter Transport Ships. Economic meaning Regardless of the respective harbour situations should transport every Barge-carrier 5- spot more goods than one piece good transporter conventional more commonly at that time. In it the special interest also lay with this ship type in the beginning of the 1970s and to him so optimistically to intended future prospects. The seaside piece good transport already did not correspond in the 1950s any more to the claims of many sea transport customers. A rationalisation of the piece good envelope at that time was to be reached only about a standardization in her dimensions, forms and in her external state often to very different load parts. Worldwide the standardised ISO container asserted itself in the 1960s only slowly. The big container terminals with his extensive conveyor-technical arrangements and the gigantic resting places were still in planning or in the development. Under these conditions offered the LASH-Carrier system with his lighters which are also to be characterised as swimming containers, as an alternative and supplement to the developing container traffic. At that time transport experts thought of a future-laden and rational transport technology. With the lighters there was no pressure of time in the unloading and loading. Insufficient equipment of the harbours and missing quay moorings had no influence on the company of the carrier ship. While the lighters were unloaded and loaded the carrier ship with other lighters already was on the move again. It had become possible with the fact that themselves these ships spent more than 80% of her annual application time at sea. Customary ships often lay half of her annual application in the harbour. History The LASH system was developed by the American shipbuilding engineer Jerome Goldman in the 1960s. The worldwide first LASH-Carrier was the Acadia Forest (1969). This ship type could take up 75 standardised lighters with about 376 metric tons of loading capacity. On the 15th December touched for the last time the Rhine Forest, ex Bilderdijk of Holland-Amerika Line the . It is a sister's ship of MV München. The LASH lighter with the registration p. CG 6013 was handed over to the museum De Binnenvaart' in Dordrecht and now is a component of this inland ship journey museum. Because of the bad extent of utilisation the regular traffic was put between New Orleans and Rotterdam.

Technology LASH-System An important technical problem by the realisation of the new transport system was the envelope of the lighters. A differentiation sign of the different projects and also built vehicles was the way as the lighters from or aboard were brought. The LASH-System found the biggest range of application. On this occasion, the lighters individually from the water were heaved in the rear of the carrier ship by a very big main entrance . This main entrance crane could move about the whole ship length and stow away thus the taken up lighters several times about one another in the ship body and in deck. The cranes had a load-carrying capacity of more than 500 Mp. Turning a lighter lasted on average 15 min LASH ships in Europe, Japan and the USA were built almost uniform para metres had. Technical data LA Typ of Carrier SH LASH2 1 26 Length about everything m 250 2 32, Beam m 30,50 50 11, Draught m 10,70 30 to 43 Tonnage nn 00 29600 s 0 kn Speed ot 19 22 s Power hp 26 32000 00 0

Typ of lighter Length 18,70 m Beam 9,50 m Headway 4,00 m Weight total 80,00 tonns Capacity 380,00 tonns Draught 2,60 m Sea bee-System The first ship of a series of three Sea bee-ships was the MV Doctor Lykes. A system with which in the rear of the carrier ship a lift is arranged is called Sea bee. These lift is also called Syncrolift. This has a lifting force of more than 2000 Mp. The Syncrolift is lowered under the water surface. On this underwater platform two to 1,000 metric tons lighters are swum and raised by this in the suitable deck height. On special rails transport carriage the lighters are rolled in lengthwise of the ship to her traffic jam places. On three decks of the MV Doctor Lykes 38 lighters could be stopped. Of it 12 on the lower decks and 14 in upper deck. The double function of the ship is noteworthy. The side tanks and the unusually big double ground of the vehicle showed a tank capacity of nearly 36000 m³ volume. The ship could be used also as a product . The lighters used in the Sea bee-System are considerably bigger than the LASH-Lighter. BACAT-System A Danish project with the name BACAT (Barge-Catamaran) was introduced to BACAT system in the end of 1973. Was planned of the Transport of several hundred thousand metric tons of load between Northern Europe and Great Britain. For the application a system similar to the Sea bee should come. However, the lighters were smaller and had only one load-carrying capacity of maximum 140 t. Problems and risks With the application of Barge-Carriers originated problems which were unknown to the sea ship journey shipping companies up to now. Aboard the carrier ship the lighter is nothing else than one big load container. In the seaport and on the inland waterways he becomes a vessel. Requirements for equipment regulations like anchor, winches, coupling facilities, signal lamps arise from it. For put together ship unities had to be provided so-called head barges. These regulations can be quite different in the different harbours in Europe, North America and Asia. Elaborately the transport system developed with a service of waterways which freeze over in winter and it came to a setting of the inland ship operation. This required a high capital expenditure. This expenditure, linked with the risks for an economic operation of the carrier ships and her lighters, required conscientious traffic-economic investigations which were much costlier than for customary freighters or for the container ships conquering the market and her transport system. Barge carrier and lighter show a technological interesting sea transport system. They are economic only if many specific traffic-economic conditions are fulfilled. Web links • http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/LASH (German) • http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/lash.htm

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; from the article "Lighter Aboard Ship". Image Credit.

Synonym: LIGHTER ABOARD SHIP Position Synonym (sorted by strength) Expression barge carrier. Source: Eve, based on meta analysis.

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Translations: LIGHTER ABOARD SHIP Translations (or nearest inflections or synonyms, in Language parentheses) Central Danish LASH-skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægterkænguruskib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægtebærende skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Central Danish, Denmark, , lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Danish LASH-skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægterkænguruskib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægtebærende skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Danish, Denmark, Germany, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Dansk LASH-skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægterkænguruskib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægtebærende skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Dansk, Denmark, Germany, lighter aboard ship . (volunteer & more translations) Deutsch Umschlag mit Leichtern (lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Deutsch, Germany, Austria, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) carrier (lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship, lighter carrier), lichterschip (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lichtersdragend vaartuig (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), kangoeroeschip (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), transportschip (transport, trooper- ship, barge carrier, freighter, lash carrier). Additional references: Dutch, Netherlands, Aruba, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) German Umschlag mit Leichtern (lighter aboard ship). Additional references: German, Germany, Austria, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Greek πλοίο για φορτηγίδες (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), πλοίο μεταφοράς φορτηγίδων (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), πλοίο φορτηγίδων (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), φορτηγιδοφόρο πλοίο (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), πλοίο για φορτηγίδες τύπου LASH (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Greek ploio ya fortiydhes (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash (transliteration) vessel, lighter aboard ship), ploio metaforas fortiydhon (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), ploio fortiydhon (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), fortiydhoforo ploio (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), ploio ya fortiydhes tupoi lash (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Greek, Greece, Albania, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) High German Umschlag mit Leichtern (lighter aboard ship). Additional references: High German, Germany, Austria, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Hochdeutsch Umschlag mit Leichtern (lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Hochdeutsch, Germany, Austria, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Sjaelland LASH-skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægterkænguruskib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship), lægtebærende skib (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Sjaelland, Denmark, Germany, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Spanish barco portabarcaza (barge carrier, lash carrier, lash ship, lash vessel, lighter aboard ship). Additional references: Spanish, Spain, Mexico, lighter aboard ship. (volunteer & more translations) Source: Eve, based on a combination of meta analysis and graph theory (for near and back translations).

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