Approved Access Dredging Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Approved Access Dredging Plan 800,000 cys of required and allowable overdepth. The minimum production rate required to complete operations within thi s time frame is 8,695 cys per day. This production rate will be achieved by committing two dredges at the site during the duration of the job. The two dredges combined are capable of producing over 1,200 cys per run hour. Committing two dredges to the project will assure redundancy and allow for anticipated inefficiencies in the dredging cycle, while effectively compl eting the project within the allowed ti me frame. This work will be conducted in a manner that the free navigation of the waterway is not unreasonabl y interfered with and the present navigational depths are not impaired. Timely notice of any and all events that may affect nav igation shall be given to the District Commander during the performance of the work. Dredging methods will be employed to ensure that there is no increase in sedimentation and turbidity ou tside of the 500 ft mixing zone during the work . At all times during performance of the work a copy of the USACE Permit will be kept upon all vessels engaged in dredging and transporting the dredged materials. At all times during the performance of the work reasonable accommodations will be made to transport NMFS certified observers to and from both dredges to ensure that observer coverage is sufficient for 100% monitoring of dredging operations. Weeks Marine, Inc. understands that the monitoring coverage must involve the placement of a NMFS approved observer on board the dredge for every day that dredging is occurring. Prior to the start of the work the NMFS approved observer liaison will be provided with a 2417 point of contact associated with the dredging operation. Transport to the dredges will be coordinated through that point of contact. Once aboard the dredges an area will be dedicated to allow the observers to safely view the bucket operations in a manner that does not impede normal production rates. In addition to accommodations made for transport to the dredges, Weeks Marine, Inc. will make available all information and contacts for the NMFS cel1ifi ed observers to be present during di sposal operati ons. Coordinati on will occur in accordance with the TZC Dredging and Pile Driving Monitoring Plan. Condition 21 This Pelmit authorizes no upland handling, transferring, storage, di sposing or pl ac ing of dredged materi als in New York State; any such acti vity will require approvals from the Department before dredging begins. All material that is dredged from the site will be directly placed into sealed scows and shipped via tug to a permitted processing and or re-handling facility. Page 3 of 33 At the Don Jon site the offloading will occur at both the processing site described above and the offl oading si te incl uded below. The processed dredge material will either be pl aced into a stockpil e and then into tri -axle trucks or loaded directl y into tri-axle trucks for transport to the designated approved upland sites described fu rth er in this section. Prior to exiting the facilities, each truck will have its tires and body washed down . This will prevent tracking of material onto public roadways. Each truck will receive a bill of lading. This bill of lading will be utilized at the landfill to record each truck received and its pl acement locati on site. Material that is in-barge processed at the Weeks Marine, Inc. facility will be transported by tug to a temporary mooring and off-loading area in the Arthur Kill Ri ver immed iately adj acent to the DuPont-Grasselli site. At the temporary mooring a stevedoring crane will unload the processed materi al from the barges and place it directly on the DuPont - Grasselli property. Best Management Practices during the off-loading of the processed dredge materi al onto the Grasselli site will include controlling the swing rate of the off-loading crane and using spill pl ates as necessary to prevent discharge into the waterway during off-loading. Material off-loaded at the Grasselli site will remain there for beneficial use placement. The following sites are proposed to be utili zed as off-loading sites of In-barge processed dredge materi al onl y: DuPont - Grasselli Point Location Temporary Offloading and Transfer Facility Grasselli Point Road Linden, NJ (Weeks Marine, Inc. in-barge processed materi al) SIMS Metal Management NE Offloading and Transfer Facility Berth 30 Port Newark, NJ (Don Jon Marine, Inc. in-barge processed materi al) Upland Placement & Disposition Sites: Materi al processed at the Clean Earth Dredging Technologies, Inc. sites and the Don Jon Marine, Inc. site will be hauled by tri -axle truck to the sites li sted below. Prior to ex iting the processing facilities, each truck will have its tires and body washed down. Thi s will prevent tracking of materi al onto public roadways. Each truck will receive a bill of lading. This bill of lading will be utilized at the landfill to record each truck received and its pl acement location site. Page 5 of 33 Prior to exiting the upland placement area each truck will have its tires and body washed down to prevent tracking material onto public roadways. The processed dredge material is proposed for upland disposal or beneficial use at multiple sites in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. These sites are as follows: DuPont - Grasselli Beneficial Use Site South Wood Avenue Linden, NJ 07036 Koppers Seaboard Site I Fish House Road Kearny, NJ 07032 AHA Meadowlands Landfill Closure Site Lyndhurst, NJ Rutherford, NJ Bellmawr Waterfront Development Site 204 Harding A venue Bellmawr, NJ 0803! 269 Canal Road L. P. 269 Canal Road Fairless Hills, PA 19067 Bethlehem Earth, L.P. Site Bethlehem Steel Slag Processing Area Bethlehem, PA Coplay Aggregates Quarry Reclamation Project West Coplay Road Coplay, PA Former National Lead Site Sayrevil)e Seaport Associates, L.P. ("SSA") Sayrevi Ite, NJ Fenimore Landfill Site Adjacent to Mountain Road Roxbury Township, NJ All of the facilities and sites listed above are incl uded in the Acceptable Use Determination (AUD) application submitted to NJDEP on June 30, 2013 for the offloading, processing and disposal of dredged materia! from the New Tappan Zee Bridge Project, Tarrytown, NY. Page 6 of 33 Condition 22 Barge Overflow is prohibited. Weeks Marine, Ln c. understands that barge overflow is prohibited. All operators and crew members wi ll be instructed of thi s prior to the start of dredging operations. No barge overfl ow will be allowed during any part of the dredging cycle. All loaded scows will be shipped with adequate freeboard for the conditions at the time of shipment to allow for no barge overflow. Condition 23 Dredging must be conducted using a closed clamshell dredge, Drawings and specifications of the closed clamshell bucket and other dredging equipment, including specifications demonstrating that appropriate design considerations are incorporated in the equipment, must be provided to the Depattment at least 45 days before dredging related activi ties statl . Weeks Marine, Inc. will be utili zing the Cable Arm, Ln c. closed clamshell buckets contained in Appendix C of this Document. These closed clamshell buckets have a sealing system that minimizes the loss of materi al during transport through the water column. Any excessive loss of water from the buckets during the duration of the Project wi ll be in vestigated and repaired. Condition 24 The bucket must be lifted in a continuous motion through the water column and into the barge. Bucket decanting and loss of dredged material into the Ri ver during barge loading will be minimized to the maximum extent practi cable. Weeks Marine, Ln c. will employ experienced operators that wi ll have sufficient control over bucket depth, bucket closure, and bucket hoist speed during the duration of the work . Any malfunction of these controls wi ll be reported immediately and corrected. Condition 25 Dredgi ng equipment must be operated in a manner that minimizes the re-suspension of sediments in the Hudson Ri ver. Dredging operations may not cause turbidity that results in a substantial visible contrast to the Hudson River outside of the 500 ft mixing zone as set fo rth in the Water Quality Monitoring Section of the Permit. The cl osed clamshell buckets contained in Appendi x B reduce the amount of suspended solids in the upper water column at the dredging location. The movement of the spuds on the dredge wi ll be controlled in a fashion that wi ll minimize turbidity. Page 7 of 33 The dredges will be equipped with the maximum sized buckets that can be installed on each. This will minimize the amount of suspended solids di spersed during dredging operations by reducing the number of "bites' needed to dredge at each particular site. Turbidity monitoring wi ll be conducted as stated in the Water Quality Monitoring Plan. Results of the monitoring wi ll be communicated to the dredge superintendent and adjustments or controls will be put into place if turbidity approaches permit condition requirements. Condition 26 Best management practices include lowering the bucket to the level of the barge gunwales prior to release of the load and placing the dredged material in the barge in a controlled manner. Excessive loss of material from the bucket should be investigated and repaired. Bucket retrieval rates will be controlled to minimize turbidity. Prior to starting the work all dredge operators will be instructed of best management practices (BMP's) which include lowering the bucket to the level of the barge combing prior to releasing the load and placing the dredge material in the barge in a controlled manner.
Recommended publications
  • Dredging and Disposal Plan
    DREDGING AND DISPOSAL PLAN PORT OF OLYMPIA MARINE BERTHS 2 & 3 INTERIM ACTION DREDGING Contract No.: 2008-0011 Project No. MT0601 Submitted To: Port of Olympia Attn: Rick Anderson 915 Washington Street NE Olympia, WA TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Dredging ..................................................................................................................... 1 Trans-loading ............................................................................................................. 1 Material Barge ............................................................................................................ 2 Dredge Bucket ............................................................................................................ 3 Dredge Sediment Disposal ........................................................................................ 3 Working Hours .......................................................................................................... 3 Position & Progress Surveys .................................................................................... 3 Dredge Navigation ...................................................................................................... 4 Survey Boat ................................................................................................................ 4 Water Quality BMP’s ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NCITEC National Center for Intermodal Transportation for Economic Competitiveness
    National Center for Intermodal Transportation for Economic Competitiveness Final Report 525 The Impact of Modifying the Jones Act on US Coastal Shipping by Asaf Ashar James R. Amdal UNO Department of Planning and Urban Studies NCITEC National Center for Intermodal Transportation for Economic Competitiveness Supported by: 4101 Gourrier Avenue | Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 | (225) 767-9131 | www.ltrc.lsu.edu TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/LA.525 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date The Impact of Modifying the Jones Act on US Coastal June 2014 Shipping 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Asaf Ashar, Professor Research, UNOTI LTRC Project Number: 13-8SS James R. Amdal, Sr. Research Associate, UNOTI State Project Number: 30000766 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. University of New Orleans Department of Planning and Urban Studies 11. Contract or Grant No. 368 Milneburg Hall, 2000 Lakeshore Dr. New Orleans, LA 70148 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Louisiana Department of Transportation and Final Report Development July 2012 – December 2013 P.O. Box 94245 Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9245 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Conducted in Cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Federal Highway Administration 16. Abstract The study assesses exempt coastal shipping defined as exempted from the US-built stipulation of the Jones Act, operating with functional crews and exempted from Harbor Maintenance Tax (HMT). The study focuses on two research questions: (a) the impact of the US-built exemption on the cost of coastal shipping; and (b) the competitiveness of exempt services.
    [Show full text]
  • SHORT SEA SHIPPING INITIATIVES and the IMPACTS on October 2007 the TEXAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: TECHNICAL Published: December 2007 REPORT 6
    Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-08/0-5695-1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date SHORT SEA SHIPPING INITIATIVES AND THE IMPACTS ON October 2007 THE TEXAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: TECHNICAL Published: December 2007 REPORT 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. C. James Kruse, Juan Carlos Villa, David H. Bierling, Manuel Solari Report 0-5695-1 Terra, Nathan Hutson 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. Contract or Grant No. College Station, Texas 77843-3135 Project 0-5695 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report: Research and Technology Implementation Office September 2006-August 2007 P.O. Box 5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, Texas 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Project Title: Short Sea Shipping Initiatives and the Impacts on the Texas Transportation System URL: http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5695-1.pdf 16. Abstract This report examines the potential effects of short sea shipping (SSS) development on the Texas transportation system. The project region includes Texas, Mexico, and Central America. In the international arena, the most likely prospects are for containerized shipments using small container ships. In the domestic arena, the most likely prospects are for coastwise shipments using modified offshore service vessels or articulated tug/barges. Only three Texas ports handle containers consistently (Houston accounts for 95% of the total), and three more handle containers sporadically.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Economics of Using Barges on the Mississippi River to Transport Agricultural Commodities
    Exploring the Economics of Using Barges on the Mississippi River to Transport Agricultural Commodities Margaret Budde, Louisiana Tanna Nicely, Tennessee A bit of history: The voyages of Columbus excited Europe, and explorers began searching for routes that would help them reach the riches of Asia without having to sail around the lands of the Americas. Without sea access across Central or South America, explorers began searching for a water route through North America. As governor of Cuba, Hernando DeSoto is credited with discovering the Mississippi River in May 1541 on his travels through the southeastern part of North America what is now the states of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana. When he died of a fever, his men weighted down his body and sunk it in the river. LaSalle claimed all land drained by the Mississippi River for France and named it Louisiana. Over 140 years after DeSoto, the next important explorer was LaSalle, a Frenchman who traveled down the Mississippi River from Canada. Reaching the mouth in 1682, he claimed all of the land drained by the great river for France, naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV. He left for France with the great news and promised to return soon. Tonti of the Iron Hand, an Italian adventurer, friend of LaSalle and historian for the trek down the Mississippi River, left Canada for a second trip hoping to meet LaSalle along the way. Unfortunately, LaSalle misjudged the location of the mouth of the river from the Gulf of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Barge Canal” Is No Longer an Accurate Description of the New York State Canals Marine Activity on New York’S Canals
    The Story of the Afterword Today, the name “Barge Canal” is no longer an accurate description of the New York State Canals marine activity on New York’s canals. Trains and trucks have taken over the transport of most cargo that once moved on barges along the canals, but the canals remain a viable waterway for navigation. Now, pleasure boats, tour Historical and Commercial Information boats, cruise ships, canoes and kayaks comprise the majority of vessels that ply the waters of the legendary Erie and the Champlain, Oswego and Cayuga- Seneca canals, which now constitute the 524-mile New York State Canal ROY G. FINCH System. State Engineer and Surveyor While the barges now are few, this network of inland waterways is a popular tourism destination each year for thousands of pleasure boaters as well as visitors by land, who follow the historic trade route that made New York the “Empire State.” Across the canal corridor, dozens of historic sites, museums and community festivals in charming port towns and bustling cities invite visitors to step back in time and re-live the early canal days when “hoggees” guided mule-drawn packet boats along the narrow towpaths. Today, many of the towpaths have been transformed into Canalway Trail segments, extending over 220 miles for the enjoyment of outdoor enthusiasts from near and far who walk, bike and hike through scenic and historic canal areas. In 1992, legislation was enacted in New York State which changed the name of the Barge Canal to the “New York State Canal System” and transferred responsibility for operation and maintenance of the Canal System from the New York State Department of Transportation to the New York State Canal Corporation, a newly created subsidiary of the New York State Thruway Authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Container-‐On-‐Barge for Illinois Fueled by Biodiesel an Operating
    Container-on-Barge for Illinois Fueled by Biodiesel An Operating Plan and Business Plan August 27, 2011 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction and Overview ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2.0 Research/Investigation/Reports -------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 3.0 Lessons to Consider -------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 4.0 Inland Rivers Operations -------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 4.1 Ownership -------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 4.2 Towboats/Barges -------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 4.3 River Operations Modes -------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 4.4 The “Power Split” -------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 4.5 River Freight Pricing -------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 5.0 Designing Illinois COB -------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 5.1 Design Alternatives -------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 5.1.1 Purchased -------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 5.1.2 Leased -------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 5.1.3 Unit Tow -------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 6.0 Gulf COB – Cargo Flexibility -------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 7.0 COB Program
    [Show full text]
  • The Maritime Trade in Illicit Drugs
    THE MARITIME TRADE IN ILLICIT DRUGS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE COASTAL MEMBER STATES OF O.E.C.D. Bjorn Robertstad Aune Thesis Submitted for the Ph.D. Degree University of London London School of Economics and Political Science 1989 UMI Number: U550164 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U550164 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 T\\£S F 6&06 I X'cQ 1 13/ Lj-3iQ(a ABSTRACT The trafficking of illicit drugs by sea has become an industry comprised of many individual enterprises of variform size and organization. Seizure statistics for the 1980s indicate that 70% of the total quantity of drugs intercepted in the trafficking stage were inter­ dicted in the maritime sector or attributed to having been transported by sea. More significantly, it appears that only between 8 - 12% of the total volume of drugs trafficked are intercepted. The use of the sea­ borne modes of transport is the result of planetary geography which made the maritime medium one of only two ways by which drugs may enter several states.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Roll-On and Roll-Off Transportation of Large-Scale Equipment in Dalian
    World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University Maritime Safety & Environment Management Dissertations Maritime Safety & Environment Management 8-23-2020 Research on Roll-on and Roll-off transportation of large-scale equipment in Dalian Lianbo Li Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/msem_dissertations Part of the Transportation Commons This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Dalian, China RESEARCH ON ROLL-ON AND ROLL-OFF TRANSPORTATION OF LARGE-SCALE EQUIPMENT IN DALIAN By LIANBO LI The People’s Republic of China A research paper submitted to the World Maritime University in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In MSEM © Copyright Lianbo Li, 2020 DECLARATION I certify that all the material in this dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. Signature: Lianbo Li Date: June 28, 2020 Supervised by: DR. ZHANG YINGJUN Professor Dalian Maritime University II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As one of the fruits of my study in MSEM during the year 2019-2020, this work’s inspiration and knowledge come from the lectures and assignments from all Professors and the help form my classmates.
    [Show full text]
  • WATERWAY FACT SHEET Mcclellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System
    WATERWAY FACT SHEET McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System HISTORICAL INFORMATION BRIDGES Highway bridges across the main waterway are fixed The McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System high level spans. Railroad bridges across the main waterway are (“MKARNS”) is the official name of the waterway. In 1946, lift spans from the mouth through Fort Smith, Ark., and fixed the Rivers and Harbors Act authorized the building of the multi- high level spans from Fort Smith to Catoosa, Okla. The railroad purpose system. Beneficiaries include: navigation, recreation, and highway bridges across the navigable portion of San Bois hydropower, water supply, wildlife conservation, and flood Creek are fixed spans. The 2-percent flow line for each bridge control (when considered as a part of the Arkansas River Basin is the elevation of flows exceeded less than 2-percent of the Project and its upstream reservoirs that control water flows). time. The MKARNS is crossed by 29 highway bridges and 10 Construction of the upstream reservoirs in Oklahoma railroad spans. began in 1950. Construction of the navigation system started with Dardanelle Lock and Dam # 10 @ Russellville, Ark., in GAGES 1957. Clearance gages: All bridges have clearance gages Completed in 1970 at a cost of $1.2 billion, the system installed on the pier protection cells or the navigation span pier is 445-miles long (137 miles in Oklahoma & 308 miles in located on the right side of the channel. The gages indicate the Arkansas) and has 17 locks and dams — 5 in Oklahoma and 12 vertical clearance available under the bridge. th in Arkansas.
    [Show full text]
  • Terms Applying Only to Narrowboats and the Canals
    TERMS APPLYING ONLY TO NARROWBOATS AND THE CANALS By Jeffrey Casciani-Wood A narrowboat or narrowboat is a boat of a distinctive design, built to fit the narrow canals of Great Britain. Wikipedia This glossary covers terms that apply only to narrowboats and their environs and is included because the author firmly believes that the marine surveyor, in order to do his job properly, needs to understand extensively the background and history of the vessel he is surveying. Abutment The supporting or retaining wall of a brick, concrete or masonry structure, particularly where it joins the item (e.g. bridge girder or arch) which it supports. Advanced Electronic means of managing the charge to the batteries from the Alternator engine's alternator(s). Ensures that the batteries are more fully charged Controller and can increase useful battery life. Aegre Tidal bore or wave which is set up by the first of a flood tide as it runs up the river Trent and the word is sometimes spelt Aegir. Air Draught The overall height of a vessel measured from the water line to the highest fixed part of the superstructure. Ait A small island in the upper reaches of the river Thames and the word is sometimes spelt eyot. Anærobes Micro organisms, many exceedingly dangerous to human health, that live in the absence of free oxygen and often to be found in the condensate water settled at the bottom of diesel fuel tanks. Care is required when bleeding a fuel/water separator or when cleaning out fuel tank as their presence can lead to fuel oil problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Master's Thesis
    SUBS, SWARMS, AND STRICKEN INFRASTRUCTURE: THE VULNERABILITY OF THE UNITED STATES TO NON-TRADITIONAL TERRORIST THREATS by Patrick Collman A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Global Security Studies Baltimore, Maryland May 2017 © 2017 Patrick Collman All Rights Reserved Abstract: The lack of mass casualty domestic attacks in the United States, carried out by foreign fighters, since 9/11 should not be taken for a sign of future invulnerability. Major Islamic terrorist organizations have previously conducted attacks focused on splashy news headlines and high body counts. However, Al-Qaeda‟s original stated goal was to bankrupt the West, not kill everyone in it. Is the United States simply impervious to such an attack aimed at causing extensive financial or economic damage? Or is the United States vulnerable, and ultimately a sitting duck? This paper will argue the latter. By examining the relationships between Islamic terrorist organizations and drug- trafficking organizations in Central and South America, and investing the use of advanced narco-submarines by the latter, the goal is to explore a viable means for inserting a group of armed, trained men undetected into the United States. Case studies examine the effectiveness of swarm-style terrorist attacks when compared to WMD and lone-wolf terror attacks. Further case studies seek to highlight extensive vulnerabilities within the U.S. energy and economic infrastructure that, if taken offline via terrorist attack, would result in long-lasting and immensely expensive consequences if attacked. Were Al-Qaeda or another terrorist organization to decide that they wanted to hit America in the pocket book as opposed to racking up a body count, this paper seeks to show that they possess the means, the ability, and the opportunity to do so.
    [Show full text]
  • Building and Carrying – Page 16 Types of Boats
    Building boats Chapter 3 Boats were originally made from wood, then iron and now steel, and built in docks or yards next to the waterways. Materials used in boat building Wood – used to build the main frame of most boats, although later boats were made of a wider variety materials. The wood had to be a hard wood, such as oak. Iron – iron sections were used to strengthen Fascinating the boat and for parts made for the rudder This is a yard where boats are made and towing. Iron was also used for nails and fixings. Sections were made by local blacksmiths. Facts Oakum – made from old bits of rope and used with tar to plug up gaps between the Boats were often wooden planks to ensure the boat is waterproof. built parallel to During the two world wars a lack of the side of the Rope – an essential part of boating. Before resources and a need to build boats engine, boats were pulled by horses waterways and quickly led to bizarre materials being attached to the boats by rope. Rope was launched into the tried out for boat building, such as also needed to moor boats to the side of water sideways. the waterway and for fenders (which stop concrete! Not a popular material the boats getting damaged if they bump today but a few concrete boats still into anything). Rope makers began to work remain in museums. near boat building yards. Building and Carrying – page 16 Types of boats There were many different boats on the inland waterways, often depending on the size and type of waterway.
    [Show full text]