MARITIME ORIENTATION PACKAGE Port Nelson 1 MARITIME ORIENTATION PACKAGE Introduction This ‘Maritime Orientation Package’ will introduce the complex Maritime industry to Health Protection Officers (HPOs) who may have to implement and apply health measures within it. Background New Zealand Public Health Units are designated as ‘competent authorities’ by the World Health Organisation for ensuring maritime Points of Entry (POE) comply with the standards required by the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) and the International Maritime Organisation. Most New Zealand Public Health Units have a Maritime POE in their region. The Maritime Environment comprises many unique factors and has its own language rich with acronyms. For a HPO to be competent and feel confident working in the maritime environment they need a basic understanding of: • Vessel Types – their purpose and the possible public health issues associated with them. • The layout of a ship – where to go and what to look for. • Maritime Terminology – communication with the personnel on board and dockside in the lexicon. • The sequence a vessel follows upon entering NZ waters and the ensuing processes; o gaining pratique, o berthing, o discharging and loading cargo, o replenishment of food and water, o refuelling, and o departure for another jurisdiction, and • The suite of documents that ships maintain to show that management practices on board comply with international regulations and requirements. Purpose The purpose of this orientation package is to familiarise HPOs with some background information that will enable them to be able to confidently conduct their duties at the port. The package is in three parts; • maritime terminology, • an illustrated compendium of ship types that might be encountered in NZ waters, and • a schematic showing the layout of a ship. 2 PART 1 - TERMINOLGY SHIPS’ GEOMETRY Beam (B): The breadth of the ship at the widest point. Draft (T): The depth from waterline to the keel. Freeboard (F): Distance between the waterline and the uppermost watertight deck. Depth (D): Total depth from the keel to the top of the watertight deck. Depth = draft + freeboard. Length Overall (LOA): The extreme length of the ship, bow to stern. Length on Waterline (LWL): The length at the waterline in the ship's loaded condition. VESSEL TERMINOLGY AFT: Toward the stern of the ship. AMIDSHIPS: In or toward the centre of the ship. BALLAST TANK: Tanks used to adjust the ship’s trim by pumping water in or out BILGE: The interior of the hull below the floor boards. BOLLARD: is a short vertical post used on a ship or a quay, used principally for attaching mooring lines. BOW: The forward part of a ship. BOAT DECK: Deck on which the ship’s lifeboats are stowed (Cruise Ships and Ferries). BRIDGE: The location from which a vessel is steered and its speed controlled. BULKHEAD: A vertical partition separating compartments. CAPSTAN: Deck mounted stationery winch used to draw lines – a hazard when operating DISPLACEMENT: The weight of water displaced by a floating vessel, thus, a ship’s weight. DRAFT: The depth of water a ship draws. FATHOM: Six feet or 1.82 meters FORPEAK: Furthest forward compartment (as opposed to AFTPEAK). GALLEY: The ship’s kitchen GANGWAY: The area of a ship's side where people board and disembark. HATCH: The opening in the deck of a vessel giving access to the cargo hold. HEADING: The direction a vessel's bow points at any given time. HEADS: Toilets. HEADWAY: The forward motion of a ship. Opposite of STERNWAY . HELM: The wheel or tiller controlling the rudder. HULL: The main body of a vessel. KEEL: The centreline of a ship running fore and aft; the backbone of a vessel. LINES: Cables or ropes used to secure the ship to the dock/wharf. KNOT: A measure of speed equal to one nautical mile, 6076 feet per hour. LEE: The side sheltered from the wind. LEEWARD: The direction away from the wind. Opposite of WINDWARD . LEEWAY: The sideways movement of the ship caused by either wind or current. MAIN DECK: The uppermost weatherproof deck, running the full length of a ship. MARINE ENGINEERING: Propulsion and systems within the ship. (Pumps, power generation, air & water systems etc.) 3 MHE. Mechanical Handling Equipment – mobile plant that handles cargo, includes straddle carriers, fork lifts, log loaders, front end loaders, mobile grabs, but not fixed derricks, gantry’s or cranes. MIDSHIP: Approximately the location equidistant from the bow and stern. NAUTICAL MILE : One minute of latitude; approx 6076 feet: 1/8 longer than the statute mile of 5280 feet. PORT: The left side of a ship looking forward. QUARTER: The sides of a ship aft of amidships. RINGBOLT: a. Deck Fastening for cables or lines, OR b. a freeloading/non-paying passenger STANCHION: Vertical support (a bar or post) for chains or ropes, as in marine applications STARBOARD: The right side of a ship when looking forward. STEM: The front of the ship. STERN: The back of the ship. SCUPPERS: Area where there is the collection and conduit of water runoff off the decks. UPPER DECK : The highest deck of the hull, extending from stem to stern. WATERLINE: A notional line of the level of water against the ship’s side when it is properly trimmed. WAY: Movement of a vessel through the water such as headway, sternway or leeway. GLOSSARY OF MARITIME TERMS Advance Notice of Arrival (ANA). All commercial and cruise ships must submit an advance notice of arrival form not less than 48 hours prior to their entering New Zealand territorial waters (12 mile limit ). T he ANA includes information regarding health on board and the currency of the vessel’s Ship Sanitation Exemption Certificate. Astern. – Behind a vessel or – Move in a reverse direction. Break Bulk. – Any non–containerized cargo, either loose or packaged. Cargo. Freight loaded into a ship. Cargo Manifest. A manifest that lists all cargo carried on a specific voyage. Competent Authority. The authority responsible for the implementation and application of the International Health Regulations 2005. In NZ this is the Regional Public Health Service. Container. A Cargo container. Containers may be ventilated, insulated, refrigerated, (Reefer), flat rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid or equipped with interior devices. A container may be 20 feet, 40 feet, 45 feet, 48 feet or 53 feet in length, 8’0” or 8’6” in width, and 8’6” or 9’6” in height. Container Terminal. An area of the port designated for the stowage of cargoes in container; usually accessible by truck, railroad and marine transportation. Here containers are picked up, dropped off, maintained and housed. Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight abbreviated to DWT , D.W.T. , d.w.t. , or dwt ) is a measure of how much weight a ship is carrying or can safely carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew 4 Demurrage. A penalty charge against shippers or consignees for delaying the carrier’s equipment or vessel beyond the allowed time. Devanning. The unloading of a container or cargo van, can occur dockside or at a devanning site. Dunnage. Any material or objects utilized to protect cargo. Examples of dunnage are wooden blocks, boards, burlap and paper. Can provide a good environment for vertebrate or invertebrate pests. Evidence Report Form (ERF). Documentary evidence of public health risks detected on a ship and the prescribed control measures; see SSCC & SSEC below. Flat Rack/Flat Bed Container. A container with no sides and frame members at the front and rear which can be loaded from the sides and top. Flo Flo: Float on Float off – a submersible ship/dock that can carry heavy items of equipment. Freight Forwarder. A person whose business is to act as an agent on behalf of the shipper. A freight forwarder frequently makes the booking reservation. Handysize. Any vessel between 10000 to 30000 tons dead weight. These vessels make up the majority of the world's short haul fleet. Harbour. Any place to which ships may resort for shelter, or to load or unload passengers or goods, or to obtain fuel, water, or supplies. This term applies to such places whether proclaimed public or not and whether natural or artificial. Harbour Master. The official who is responsible for the construction, maintenance, operation, regulation, enforcement, administration and management pertaining to marinas, ports and harbours. HACCP. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. HAZ MAT. An industry abbreviation for “Hazardous Material.” International Health Regulations. Purpose – “to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease…….and to avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade” Jacob’s Ladder. A rope ladder suspended from the side of a vessel and used for boarding. Jettison. Act of throwing cargo or equipment (jetsam) overboard when a ship is in danger. Lighter. An open or covered barge towed by a tugboat and used mainly in harbours and inland waterways to carry cargo to/from a vessel. Manifest. Document that lists in detail all the bills of lading issued by a carrier or its agent or master for a specific voyage. A detailed summary of the total cargo of a vessel. Declared for Customs purposes. 5 Maritime Declaration of Health. To be completed and submitted to the competent authorities by the masters of ships arriving from foreign ports. Provides a medical “history” of the vessel’s voyage. Nautical Mile. Distance of one minute of longitude at the equator, roughly 6,076 feet. The metric equivalent is 1852 metres. No Change of Health Status Notice. The ship’s master must send a “no change in health status” notice 12– 24 hours before free pratique can be granted.