DOCSLIB.ORG

Branched Broomrape

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Branched Broomrape ~ ·. o F c IIL 1·F o RN I A" a ,___ -; t $ --- ----''----,-L------- "-::l!' ...:....,,..__:_®:..· ---,,-,,:.__··__,,:...,,.. <~,, ~, A_u;l~"' f '$ Mature broomrape plant bearing numerous black seed capsules which split open when ripe, releasing tiny seed. Broomrape matures seed during the entire tomato harvest. COVER Broomrape as it appears in tomato fields in midsummer. Bright yellow shoots of the parasite contrast sha rply with the green tomato plant. Below ground, broomrape roots fuse with tomato roots, and all nutrition of the broomrape is supplied by the tomato. Any individual who has seen tJ1e broomrape p est or who has knowledge of its presence is ur gently re­ BRANCHED quested to notify the Agricultural Commissioner of his county. Help s1.amp ou t broomrape. BROOMRAPE THE AUTHORS: (Orobanche ramosa) Stephen Wilhelm is Professor of Plant Pathology and Plant Pathologist in the Experiment Station, Berkeley; Ja mes E. Sagen is Laboratory Technician in the Department of A THREAT TO CALIFORNIA CROPS Plant Pathology, Berkeley; D. H. Hall is Extension Plant Pathologist, Davis; Dan Y. Rosenberg, Carl W. Nichols, and A. Schlocker a re Plant Pathologists, California State Depart­ ment of Agriculture, Sacramento. JUNE, 1965 -w -···~-,,, ('.(l~!ln n,i,-<: E11:1cn~ion wcHl: in A,:riculiurc- a.th.I Hon'I~ [ conomio . Collrc r (ll Apirul1ur(', Uni~tt~hy al Cali. f1>rnin, 1111d Unil<ld Sr, 1ce Dcportm('nl of 1\i;:.riculture co-(Jp,u ~tini;. Di~1rih111('d in hmhcren« o( lite ,\(:a.., of Convcu of May 8, alltl Ju1ic 30, 19H. Gco1g~ B. i\kom, Dirf:1:tor. C.:i.lilomin :\t1H.'ul1u,al E,,1n,sion &nice. CALIFORNIA [email protected]<s~tr l Rft.lt * E X p e r i m ein4' M 5 t O t ron ® 1 i>m·6,'65 (F4346)Wr Leaf. 182 Extension@ Service @ @ @ @ "' - The branched broomrape, Orobanche ramosa L., is be can-ied in trouser cuffs, in tire treads holding wet a flowering plant parasitic on the roots of tomato, soil or squashed tomato fruit, on tomato boxes, and lettuce, safflower, and other crops, and is a serious pest by farm machinery. Seed can also be spread long· in several areas of California. First recognized in and distances by surface water, as the rough structure of confined to one field in Alameda County in 1929, the the seed surface traps air in depressions, and causes pest has spread o,ver many acres between Centerville the seed to float. 'i.Yater also deposits seed below the and Alvarado. In San Joaquin and Sacramento soil surface where roots may contact it and where it counties, broomrape still has a limited distribution is protected against drying. Spread by wind un­ but the heavy concentrations on certain farms on doubtedly occurs, but the importance of wind d"is­ Grand and Roberts islands suggest infestations of long semination is not presently known. standing. The branched broomrape is not known to On perennial hosts, such as poison hemlock, Conium · occur in any other areas of California at this writing. rnaculatum L., .the broomrape grows as a perennial DESCRIPTION AND HABITS and may send shoots aboveground at any time of the year. Perennial weed hosts also may perpetuate the , Shoots are yellow-they lack chlorophyll-smooth pest in pastures, along railroads, canals, etc., where or hairy, and arise as branches from a central shoot. cultivation is not possible and where inspection is Roots are short, non-branched, and fleshy. Certain difficult. This creates a particular hazard. roots attach to tomato or other host roots and with­ Seeds of broomrape lie dormant in soil for many draw nutrients through the attachments. Flowers, years (12 according to a Kentucky study, 7 thus far in borne in spikes on the upper portions of the branches, our studies), and germinate only in the close presence are tubular - resembling small snapdragons - and of roots of susceptible plants. Thus, broomrape seed range in color from white to faint yellow, violet to may lie dormant for years while land is planted to non­ blue. host crops such as alfalfa, corn, sorghum, sugar beets, Seeds are produced in capsules which split open at or potatoes, then germinate when the land is planted the top when mature. They are about the size of to tomatoes. Also, during one year, a crop such as ground pepper and one plant may produce 5,000 to tomatoes starts germination of only a portion of the 50,000 or more. broomrape seed in t11e soil. In our studies, five suc­ 'il\Then the branched broomrape attacks annual crops cessive plantings of tomatoes grovm in large pots were such as tomato, it grows as an annual, appearing above­ required to deplete the soil of viable broornrape seed. ground in June or July, flowering from July through November, maturing seed from August to December. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND T HREAT The long flowering season, coupled with the fact that Broomrape reduces tomato yields in direct propor­ seed matures during the entire tomato harvest, con­ tion to the number of parasites attached to a plant, tributes to the ease of spread of this pest. Seed may and to the earliness of the attack. In heavily infested Left. Tomato plants abundantly parasitized by broomrape yield nothing at all. At least 50 parasites were counted on this one pla nt. Right. Branched broomrape attacks lettuce; if lettuce is young when attocked a head does not form. Lettuce appears to be attacked only in the summer and fall. areas as many as 50 broomrape plants attached to a Though preferring the semi-arid climate where it is single tomato plant have been counted. Such plants most destructive, the branched broomrape occurs in yield nothing at all. (See photo.) every country of Europe, in England and in several eastern states of the U.S. WORLD DISTRIBUTION The present distribution of 0. ramosa shows it HOSTS well adapted to many different climatic regions of The primary hosts of the brandied broomrape are the world, but thriving in countries where rain falls hemp, tobacco, and tomato, but melons, safflower, let-· primarily during the winter and spring, and where the tuce, crucifers, and grapes may also be attacked. (See summer and are dry. The Caucasus, western and fall photo.) 0. ramosa also attacks many different kinds of central Siberia, the Middle East, Turkey, Greece, North ornam,ental plants and weeds. On some weeds it grows and South Africa are among the semi-arid countries luxuriously, on others feebly. But in all instances where the branched broomrape thrives. Thus, there is weeds serve to perpetuate, increase, and disseminate little doubt that O. could become established ramosa the pest either during years when the susceptible crop and destructive in any part of California. The pest is has not been planted, or even after the crop has been a potential threat to the tomato industry, to lettuce, safflower, and possibly to other crops. (<.;ontinued on back) HOSTS OF BRANCHED BROOl\ffiAPE Tropaeolum majus L. nasturtium Veronica sp. This list has been gathered from observations on plants speedwell Vicia faba L. in California and from the world literature on broomrape, broadbean and contains the most complete information available to Weeds or crop hosts not grown in California date. In some instances the literature includes under the designation "branched broomrape" species to which other Amaranthus retrofiexus L. rough pigweed investigators have given different botanical names. Dif­ Angelica archangelica L. garden angelica ferences between species are often so slight that they are Brassica napus L. rnpe felt to be of questionable importance. Cannabis sativa L. hemp Capsella bursa---pastoris (L.) Medic. shepherd's-purse Crops or ornamentals grown in California Conium maculatum L. poison-hemlock Fagopyrum escu/entum Moench buckwheat "' Armoracia rusticana Gaertn. horseradish Gnaphalium sp. cudweed Begonia semperftorens Link & Otto perpetual begonia Lactuca perennis L. perennial lettuce Brassica caulorapa Pasq. kohlrabi Lamium album L. white deadnettle Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cabbage Lamium maculatum L. spotted deadnettle Brassica rapa L. turnip Lamium purpureum L. purple deadnettle Calceolaria integrifolia Murr. shrubby calceolaria Lepidium virginicum L. pepper-grass Carthamus tinctorius L. safflower Leucas martinicensis R. Br. West Indian leucas Coleus sp. coleus Nicotilma glauca Grah. tree''tobacco Cuphea ignea A. DC. cigarflower Nicotiana tabacum L. common tobacco Eupatorium ligustrinium DC. Mexican eupatorium Perilla frutescens Britt. var. crispa Deane Fuchsia speciosa Hort. Fuchsia hybrida Voss. purple common perilla Helianthus an-nuus L. sunflower Plantago lagopodus L. round-headed plantain Heliotropium arborescens L . common heliotrope Rumex acetosa L. garden sorrel Lactuca sativa L. lettuce Solanum sarachoides Sendt. hairy nightshade Lycopersicon esculentum Mill tomato Taraxacum lwk-saghyz Rodin Russian dandelion Me/ilotus alba white sweet clover Triganella Foenum-Graecum L. fenugreek Melilotus ofjicinalis yellow sweet clover Xanthium strumarium L. cocklebur Pelargonium domesticum Bailey Martha Washington geranium Questionable hosts-reported only once or Pelargonium zonale Willd. horseshoe pelargonium identity uncertain Penstemon hartwegii (Mc Lind!.) Benth. penstemon A nthyllis tetraphyl/a kidney vetch Petunia hybrida Vilm. co=on petunia Chrysanthemum coronarium L. garland chrysanthemum Salvia coccinea Juss. Texas salvia Cucumis melo L. melon Salvia splendens Sello scarlet salvia Gossypium spp. Sea Island and Egyptian cottons Solanum pseudocapsicum L . Jerusalem cherry Pisum sativum L. garden pea Trifolium sp. clover Vitis vinifera L. European grape A. Prior to fumigotion, heavy soil must often be rotovated. The roller compacts the soil to conserve moisture. B. Simultaneous iniection of methyl bromide and chloropicrin and covering of the soil with polyethylene sheeting, Men on the back inspect for rips, riding on small platform. C. Close view of fumigant distribution system. A polyethylene tube leads to each chisel. D. Soil remains covered for 48 hours. Soil between the polyethylene strips is fumigated after the polyethylene has been removed .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • COLEUS 'FAIRWAY RUBY' Solenostemon Scutellarioides 'Fairway Ruby' Characteristics Culture Noteworthy Characteristics Problems Ga
    COLEUS 'FAIRWAY RUBY' Solenostemon scutellarioides 'Fairway Ruby' Characteristics Zone: 10 to 11 Soil: Moist, well-drained Height: 10 to 15 Inches Water: Medium Width: 12 Inches Maintenance: Low Bloom Time: Flowers not showy Flower: Insignificant Bloom Description: Blue to white Leaf: Colorful Sun: Part sun Tolerate: Shade Culture Winter hardy to USDA Zones 10-11. In other zones, grow as garden annuals or in pots that can be overwintered indoors or as houseplants. Outdoors, grow in moist, organically rich, loose soils in part shade. Soils must not be allowed to dry out. ‘Fairway Ruby’ coleus produces foliage with bright red center and wide off-white margin with green edging. Produces tiny blue or white flowers, 1/2" long anytime throughout year. Pinch out to maintain plant health, foliage color, and attractive, compact plants. Does not tolerate water logging. Water moderately when in growth and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer at alternate waterings. When in growth, apply a high nitrogen fertilizer every 2 weeks. Keep just moist. Plants grown in too much shade may become leggy. Noteworthy Characteristics Plectranthus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a tropical evergreen tender perennial that has been a popular foliage plant since at least Victorian times. It is native to Southeast Asia and Malaysia. It has been assiduously hybridized over the years into a very large number of vegetatively propagated and seed propagated strains with an almost infinite number of leaf color combinations including most colors of the spectrum except true blue. Cultivars range in size from dwarf 6” tall plants to large mounded 36” tall plants.
    [Show full text]
  • An Account of Orobanche L. in Britain and Ireland
    Watsonia, 18, 257-295 (1991) 257 An accountof OrobancheL. in Britain and Ireland J. RUMSEY and S. L. JURY Departmentof Botany, Universityof Reading,P.O. Box 221,Reading, Berkshire, RG6 2AS ABSTRACT Morphological descriptions are given of the 14 speciesof Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) recorded in the British Isles, together with separate keys for identifying fresh material and herbarium specimens. Accounts of the history of the speciesare presented together with illustrations and distribution maps. The variation in Orobanche minor is accounted for with the recognition of four varieties. INTRODUcnON ..,,; . The genus Orobanche is renowned as a taxonomically very difficult one. In most casesthis is a result of many of the useful charactersbecoming lost on drying, and the lack of adequate field notes. Plants which are very distinct in the field become reduced to a hideous brown uniformity when pressed. Therefore, herbarium specimens are often incorrectly determined (an average of 5-10% in fact). The loss of characters on drying, considerable intra-specific variation, confusing synonymies, incorrectly cited names and badly described specieswith poor types (often with different specieson the same sheet) have done little to generate interest in the genus. Too many botanists have shown a reluctance to deal with this genusin herbaria, perpetuating the myth that the speciesare impossible to identify once dried. Certainly, Orobanche minor Sm. and its close relatives often cannot be positively determined without descriptive notes made at the time of gathering, but all other species from the British Isles are distinct enough not to need any additional information. It is hoped that this account will stimulate other botanists to study, identify and record members of this fascinating parasitic genus in Britain and Ireland, as well as clear up some errors and confusions made in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Infestation of Field Dodder (Cuscuta Campestris Yunck.)
    plants Article Infestation of Field Dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) Promotes Changes in Host Dry Weight and Essential Oil Production in Two Aromatic Plants, Peppermint and Chamomile Marija Sari´c-Krsmanovi´c 1,*, Ana Dragumilo 2, Jelena Gaji´cUmiljendi´c 1, Ljiljana Radivojevi´c 1, Ljiljana Šantri´c 1 and Rada Ðurovi´c-Pejˇcev 1 1 Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] (J.G.U.); [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (L.Š.); [email protected] (R.Ð.-P.) 2 Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Panˇci´c”,Tadeuša Koš´cuška1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +38-111-3076-133 Received: 13 July 2020; Accepted: 23 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.) are aromatic plants with considerable economic value. These plants and their essential oils are used in medicine, cosmetics, and the food industry. One of the main limiting factors in peppermint and chamomile commercial cultivation is weed competition since weeds are able to decrease both oil amount and biomass yield. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of parasitism by field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on peppermint and chamomile dry weight and their essential oil yield and composition. Essential oils from both noninfested and infested peppermint and chamomile plants were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized chemically by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The amount of dry matter accumulated by peppermint and chamomile plants infested by field dodder was lower (25% and 63%, respectively) compared to noninfested plants.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lamiaceae): a New Species from South Western Ghats, India
    NEW SPECIES Vol. 21, Issue 68, 2020 NEW SPECIES ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Coleus anthonyi (Lamiaceae): a new species from South Western Ghats, India Jebin Joseph1, Jose Mathew2,, Kadakasseril V. George1 1Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, St. Berchmans College, Changanassery, IN – 686101 Kottayam, Kerala, India 2Department of Botany, Sanatana Dharma College, Alappuzha, IN - 688003, Alappuzha, Kerala, India Corresponding author: Department of Botany, Sanatana Dharma College, Alappuzha, IN - 688003, Alappuzha, Kerala, India Email: [email protected] Article History Received: 05 October 2020 Accepted: 12 November 2020 Published: November 2020 Citation Jebin Joseph, Jose Mathew, Kadakasseril V George. Coleus anthonyi (Lamiaceae): a new species from South Western Ghats, India. Species, 2020, 21(68), 337-342 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT A new species of Coleus (Lamiaceae: Ocimeae: Plectranthinae), C. anthonyi, from the South Western Ghats region of India is described. Detailed taxonomic description, colour photographs, illustration, status and key to the allied species of the new taxon are provided. Keywords: New species, Coelus, Kerala, Western Ghats 1. INTRODUCTION 337 Coleus Loureiro is an old world tropical distributed genus having more than 450 species (Paton et al., 2018). Recent phylogenetical Page and nomenclature studies on Subtribe Plectranthinae has resulted in the generic delimitation and inclusion of Anisochilus Wallich ex © 2020 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS NEW SPECIES ARTICLE Bentham to Coleus (Paton et al., 2018; 2019). This genus consists of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs and can be recognized by its 5 lobed calyx (1 upper, 4 lower) with pedicel attached asymmetrically to the base of calyx tube, opposite the posterior lip and usually, corolla with upper lip shorter than lower.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutive and Facultative Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) in Cuban Oregano, Coleus Amboinicus (Lamiaceae)
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Functional Plant Biology, 2021, 48, 647–654 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP20127 Constitutive and facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Cuban oregano, Coleus amboinicus (Lamiaceae) Klaus Winter A,C, Aurelio Virgo A, Milton GarciaA, Jorge ArandaA and Joseph A. M. Holtum A,B ASmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama. BCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Plants exhibiting the water-conserving crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway provide some of the most intriguing examples of photosynthetic diversity and plasticity. Here, a largely unnoticed facet of CAM-plant photosynthesis is highlighted: the co-occurrence of ontogenetically controlled constitutive and environmentally controlled facultative CAM in a species. Both forms of CAM are displayed in leaves of Coleus amboinicus Lour. (Lamiaceae), a semi-succulent perennial plant with oregano-like flavour that is native to southern and eastern Africa and naturalised elsewhere in the tropics. Under well-watered conditions, leaves assimilate CO2 predominantly by the C3 pathway. They also display low levels of CO2 uptake at night accompanied by small nocturnal increases in leaf tissue acidity. This indicates the presence of weakly expressed constitutive CAM. CAM expression is strongly enhanced in response to drought stress. The drought-enhanced component of CAM is reversible upon rewatering and thus considered to be facultative. In contrast to C. amboinicus, the thin-leaved closely related Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. exhibits net CO2 fixation solely in the light via the C3 pathway, both under well- watered and drought conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
    Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Indicators – Herbarium
    State Herbarium of South Australia Research Prospectus 2008–09 The State’s key institution for advancing and disseminating knowledge of plants, algae and fungi Table of Contents Overview..............................................................................................................................3 Background .........................................................................................................................3 Reporting .........................................................................................................................3 History..............................................................................................................................3 Vision & Mission ..................................................................................................................5 Research expertise, strengths and opportunities.................................................................6 Background......................................................................................................................6 Current strengths .............................................................................................................7 Taxonomic expertise ........................................................................................................8 Key groups.......................................................................................................................9 Opportunities .....................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Demonstration of Commonly Suggested Shade Annual Alternatives to Garden Impatiens
    Demonstration of Commonly Suggested Shade Annual Alternatives to Garden Impatiens Nora Catlin, Floriculture Specialist, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County A trial was established at the Long Island Horticultural Re- Plants were planted into the field under a high tunnel fitted search & Extension Center in the summer of 2013 to demon- with 50% shade cloth from June 20-25. Three plants of a strate commonly suggested shade annual alternatives to cultivar were planted in a row on 12-in centers within the garden impatiens (Impatiens walleriana). The goal of this plot, with 24 inches between plots. Each plot was replicat- trial was to serve as a resource for growers, gardeners, and ed 3 times to account for varying soil conditions or pests. landscapers seeking substitute plants for garden impatiens, The majority of the plant material was in 3- to 4-inch con- which are threatened by impatiens downy mildew. A total tainers at planting, with a few exceptions: the Coleus plants of 43 cultivars of 16 species were grown in the demonstra- were in 4-packs, and Begonia ‘Encanto Orange’ and the two tion garden (Table 1). cultivars of Caladium were in 6-in containers. 2013 Annual Shade Plant Demonstration Trial at the Long Island Horticultural Research & Extension Center. Table 1. Plants and cultivars included in the 2013 Shade Annual Demonstration Trial. Plant Cultivar Plant Material a Ajuga (Ajuga reptans) ‘Burgundy Glow’ V Begonia (Begonia x benariensis) ‘BIG Red w/ Bronze Leaf’ S Begonia (Begonia x benariensis) ‘BIG Red w/ Green Leaf’
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Risk Assessment for Phelipanche Aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel (Orobanchaceae) – Egyptian Broomrape
    United States Department of Weed Risk Assessment Agriculture for Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Animal and Pomel (Orobanchaceae) – Egyptian Plant Health Inspection broomrape Service December 21, 2018 Version 1 Left: Phelipanche aegyptiaca parasitizing carrot (Dr. Reuven Jacobsohn, Agricultural Research Organization, Bugwood.org); Right (top): P. aegyptiaca seeds (source: Julia Scher, Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules, USDA APHIS ITP, Bugwood.org); (bottom): carrot field infested with P. aegyptiaca, left treated with soil solarization, right untreated with crop completely destroyed (source: Jaacov Katan, University of Jerusalem, Bugwood.org). AGENCY CONTACT Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape) 1. Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use the PPQ weed risk assessment (WRA) process (PPQ, 2015) to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • COLEUS WIZARD 'MIGHTY MOSAIC' Solenostemon Scutellarioides
    COLEUS WIZARD ‘MIGHTY MOSAIC’ Solenostemon scutellarioides ‘Mighty Mosaic’ Characteristics Type: Annual Sun: Shade Height: 18 - 26 Inches Water: Medium Spread: 18 - 22 Inches Maintenance: Low Spacing: 10 - 14 Inches Suggested Use: Annual Bloom Time: Flowers not showy Tolerate: Heavy Shade Foliage Description: Multicolor Culture Show-stopping colors…bold patterns…rich textures. Landscapers and gardeners love these center stage varieties for their great looks and reliable performance in sunny gardens and patio planters. Mighty Mosaic Coleus can tolerate full sun in regions of high relative humidity such as Hardiness Zones 9 and 10. Foliage will scorch in full sun with low relative humidity. All are suitable for shade. Noteworthy Characteristics Cherry red leaves with green edge maturing to carmine. For full sun or shade, well branched, vigorous, long lasting color. Plectranthus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a tropical evergreen tender perennial that has been a popular foliage plant since at least Victorian times. It is native to Southeast Asia and Malaysia. It has been assiduously hybridized over the years into a very large number of vegetatively propagated and seed propagated strains with an almost infinite number of leaf color combinations including most colors of the spectrum except true blue. Four-sided stems are semi-succulent. Showy multi-colored leaves are generally ovate to oblong and toothed. Leaves frequently feature mixtures of colors in irregular patterns. Problems No serious insect or disease problems. Watch for aphids, spider mites and whiteflies, particularly on indoor plants. Plants grown in too much sun may wilt. Plants grown in too much shade may become leggy.
    [Show full text]
  • In Virginia Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.)* By
    Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International # Contributions to Tobacco Research Volume 20 # No. 2 # June 2002 Studies on the Control of Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) in Virginia Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)* by Lorenzo Covarelli Dipartimento di Arboricoltura e Protezione delle Piante, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy SUMMARY tralin (1200 mL ha1), n-Decanol (10720 mL ha1), Gly- phosate (180–324 mL ha1) und Rimsulfuron (12.5–25 g During 1997 and 1998, in the province of Perugia (Umbria, ha1) bei der Sorte K 394 getestet. Im zweiten Jahr wurden central Italy), four field experimental trials were carried out Maleinsäurehydrazid (2040 mL ha1), n-Decanol (10720 to study the control of broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) mL ha1) und Butralin (2160 mL ha1) auf derselben Sorte in Virginia tobacco. In 1997, maleic hydrazide (2040 mL eingesetzt. Außerdem wurde ein Feldexperiment zur ha1), flumetralin (1200 mL ha1), n-decanol (10720 mL Anfälligkeit verschiedener nichtgeköpfter Virginia-Tabak- ha1), glyphosate (180–324 mL ha1) and rimsulfuron sorten gegen Orobanche durchgeführt. Die Befallstärke (12.5–25 g ha1) were tested on the variety K 394. In the wurde aufgrund der vorhandenen Orobanche-Pflanzen pro second year, maleic hydrazide (2040 mL ha1), n-decanol m2 ermittelt und nach der Ernte wurde ihr Trockengewicht (10720 mL ha1) and butralin (2160 mL ha1) were utilised bestimmt. in the same variety. Furthermore, a field experiment was Maleinsäurehydrazid erwies sich als hoch wirksam gegen performed to assess the susceptibility of different untopped das parasitäre Unkraut, wenn es im frühen Blühstadium des Virginia tobacco varieties to broomrape. The presence of Tabaks eingesetzt wurde; der Befall verringerte sich durch- the weed was recorded as the number of the aboveground schnittlich um 95% (1997) und 75% (1998) im Vergleich broomrape plants per m2 and after harvest dry weight was zur unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclatural Changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a Tale of More Than Two Genera
    Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open access Paton, A., Mwyanyambo, M., Govaerts, R. H.A., Smitha, K., Suddee, S., Phillipson, P. B., Wilson, T. C., Forster, P. I. and Culham, A. (2019) Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera. PhytoKeys, 129. pp. 1-158. ISSN 1314–2003 doi: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86484/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 Publisher: Pensoft All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 129:Nomenclatural 1–158 (2019) changes in Coleus and Plectranthus: a tale of more than two genera 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera Alan J. Paton1, Montfort Mwanyambo2, Rafaël H.A. Govaerts1, Kokkaraniyil Smitha3, Somran Suddee4, Peter B. Phillipson5, Trevor C.
    [Show full text]