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The Relationship Between Targum Song of Songs and Midrash Rabbah Song of Songs

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The Relationship Between Targum Song of Songs and Midrash Rabbah Song of Songs THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TARGUM SONG OF SONGS AND MIDRASH RABBAH SONG OF SONGS Volume I of II A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2010 PENELOPE ROBIN JUNKERMANN SCHOOL OF ARTS, HISTORIES, AND CULTURES TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. 6 DECLARATION ........................................................................................................ 7 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ....................................................................................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DEDICATION ............................................................... 9 CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 11 1.1 The Research Question: Targum Song and Song Rabbah ......................... 11 1.2 The Traditional View of the Relationship of Targum and Midrash ........... 11 1.2.1 Targum Depends on Midrash .............................................................. 11 1.2.2 Reasons for Postulating Dependency .................................................. 14 1.2.2.1 Ambivalence of Rabbinic Sources Towards Bible Translation .... 14 1.2.2.2 The Traditional Hierarchy of Jewish Literature ............................ 16 1.2.2.3 Christian Appropriation of Targum .............................................. 22 1.3 Inappropriate Literary Models .................................................................... 26 1.4 The Approach of the Present Dissertation .................................................. 28 CHAPTER TWO : TARGUM SONG OF SONGS ......................................................... 33 2.1 The Text of Targum Song .......................................................................... 33 2.1.1 Manuscripts and Editions..................................................................... 33 2.1.2 Recensions ........................................................................................... 37 2.2 Language .................................................................................................... 39 2.3 Provenance ................................................................................................. 41 2.4 Date ............................................................................................................ 43 2.5 The Nature of Targum Song ....................................................................... 46 2.6 Unity and Structure .................................................................................... 51 2.7 Theology ..................................................................................................... 54 2.8 Sitz im Leben .............................................................................................. 59 2.9 Sources ....................................................................................................... 64 2 CHAPTER THREE : SONG OF SONGS RABBAH ......................................................... 67 3.1 Song of Songs Rabbah as Part of Midrash Rabbah .................................... 67 3.2 The Text of Song Rabbah ........................................................................... 69 3.2.1 Complete Manuscripts ......................................................................... 70 3.2.2 Genizah Fragments .............................................................................. 70 3.2.3 Testimonia Manuscripts ....................................................................... 74 3.2.4 Other Text-Witnesses .......................................................................... 75 3.2.5 Printed Editions.................................................................................... 76 3.2.6 Stemmatics and the Question of Recensions ....................................... 77 3.2.7 Overview of the Textual Evidence ...................................................... 79 3.3 Language .................................................................................................... 81 3.4 Provenance and Date .................................................................................. 83 3.5 Structure and Coherence ............................................................................ 85 3.6 Genre .......................................................................................................... 92 3.6.1 The Interpretative Stance of Song Rabbah .......................................... 95 3.6.2 The Forms of Song Rabbah ................................................................. 98 3.7 Theology ................................................................................................... 102 3.8 Sources .................................................................................................... 105 3.9 Sitz im Leben ............................................................................................ 109 CHAPTER FOUR : TEXTUAL PARALLELISM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS .................. 111 4.1 Parallelism and Textual Dependency ....................................................... 111 4.2 When is a Parallel Not a Parallel? ............................................................ 113 4.2.1 What is a Parallel? ............................................................................. 113 4.2.2 Sandmel’s Parallelomania ................................................................ 114 4.2.3 Morton’s Smith’s Tannaitic Parallels to the Gospels ....................... 116 4.2.4 Parallelism in The Manchester-Durham Typology Project ............... 119 4.2.5 Parallelism and Genre ........................................................................ 123 4.3 One-to-One Parallelism ............................................................................ 125 4.3.1 The Case of Mishnah-Tosefta ............................................................ 126 4.3.2 The Case of the Yerushalmi-Bavli..................................................... 128 4.4 Multiple Parallelism ................................................................................. 130 4.4.1 The Synoptic Problem in the Gospels................................................ 130 4.5 Signs of Dependency ................................................................................ 134 3 4.6 General Conclusions ................................................................................. 140 CHAPTER FIVE : TARGUM SONG AND SONG RABBAH : ONE -TO -ONE PARALLELS 141 5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 141 5.2 Case Study 1: Song of Songs 1:12 ........................................................... 142 5.3 Case Study 2: Song of Songs 2:14 ........................................................... 152 5.4 Case Study 3: Song of Songs 3:9-10 ........................................................ 160 5.5 Case Study 4: Song of Songs 4:1 ............................................................. 168 5.6 Case Study 5: Song of Songs 5:14 ........................................................... 175 5.7 Case Study 6: Song of Songs 8:14 ........................................................... 181 5.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 186 CHAPTER SIX : TARGUM SONG AND SONG RABBAH : MULTIPLE PARALLELS .. 187 6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 187 6.2 Case Study 7: Song of Songs 1:5 ............................................................. 188 6.3 Case Study 8: Song of Songs 1:12 ........................................................... 193 6.4 Case Study 9: Song of Songs 2:14 ........................................................... 196 6.5 Case Study 10: Song of Songs 5:1 ........................................................... 203 6.6 Case Study 11: Song of Songs 8:14 ......................................................... 210 6.7 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 214 CHAPTER SEVEN : CONCLUSION : TARGUM SONG AND SONG RABBAH ................ 216 7.1 Language .................................................................................................. 216 7.2 Literary Form and Genre .......................................................................... 217 7.3 Exegetical Method .................................................................................... 220 7.4 Exegetical and Aggadic Content .............................................................. 224 VOLUME TWO TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................ 232 TABLE OF CONTENTS : VOLUME TWO .................................................................. 233 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 234 Note to Appendices 1 to 6 .............................................................................. 234 Appendix 1 ..................................................................................................... 235 Appendix 2 ....................................................................................................
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