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First Record of the Family Caristiidae (Osteichthyes) from the Gulf of Mexico S

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First Record of the Family Caristiidae (Osteichthyes) from the Gulf of Mexico S Northeast Gulf Science Volume 11 Article 9 Number 2 Number 2 12-1990 First Record of the Family Caristiidae (Osteichthyes) from the Gulf of Mexico S. Gregory Tolley University of South Florida Mark M. Lelby Florida Department of Natural Resources John V. Gartner Jr. Florida Department of Natural Resources DOI: 10.18785/negs.1102.09 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Tolley, S., M. M. Lelby and J. V. Gartner Jr. 1990. First Record of the Family Caristiidae (Osteichthyes) from the Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Science 11 (2). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol11/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tolley et al.: First Record of the Family Caristiidae (Osteichthyes) from the Gu Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 11, No. 2 December 1990 159 FIRST RECORD OF specimen was taken off the northeast THE FAMILY CARISTIIDAE (Osteichthyes) coast of Florida in March of 1977. Owing FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO to a number of morphological differ­ ences from previously described species, The manefishes of the family Caris­ we present a description of these speci­ tiidae are relatively rare, deep-living mens. Since our specimens most closely fishes. The taxonomy of the group is resemble Maul's (1949) original descrip­ poorly known: although the family has tion for C. maderensis, we compare them traditionally been allied with the Beryci­ to the holotype. This species has not formes (Regan, 1912; Post, '1986), most been previously reported from western current authors place it within the Perci­ Atlantic waters. Counts and measure­ formes on the basis of the pelvic-fin ments follow Hubbs and Lagler (1949), formula (1,5) and the occurrence of 17 with additional morphometric data in­ principal caudal rays (Greenwood et at., cluded. One of the larger specimens was 1966; Scott et at., '1970; Nelson, 1984; cleared and double stained in order to Johnson, 1984; Fujii, 1984; Heemstra, examine osteology and facilitate meris­ 1986). lntrafamilial relationships are also tic determinations. unclear. Nelson (1984) and Johnson (1984) recognize but one genus, Caris­ Caristius sp. cf. maderensis tius, however, Post (1986) and others (Penrith, 1969; Parin and Golovan, 1976; (Fig. 1) Parin et at., 1978) accept two: Caristius and Ptatyberyx. Four nominal species are Material examined. 3 specimens, 30.2- currently recognized (Caristius macropus 67.9 mm standard length: GCRL (Gulf (Bellotti 1903), C. groentandicus Jensen Coast Research Laboratory) 17426, 29° 1942, C. maderensis Maul 1949, and 36'N, 80°11 'W, depth 226m, macro­ Ptatyberyx opatescens Zugmayer 1911), epifaunal trawl, 3 March 1977; FDNR along with several undescribed forms (Florida Department of Natural Re­ (Parin et at., 1977; Fujii, 1983, 1984; sources) 17906, 27°N, 86°W, depth Heemstra, 1986). Most specimens have 0-600 m, 12'x6' Tucker trawl, RIV Sun· been collected in the Atlantic and coaster, 17 September 1984; FDNR Pacific, with only a few individuals taken 17905, 28°15'N, 86°37'W, depth 0-900 m, from the Indian Ocean. Although adults 41' semi-balloon Otter trawl, RIV Cape are most frequently captured at meso­ Hatteras, 24 April 1987. pelagic depths, larvae and juveniles Description. The following account com­ occur in more shallow waters. Collection pares data from our western Atlantic sites are generally in the vicinity of con­ specimens with the holotype of Caristius tinental margins or oceanic ridge sys­ maderensis. Values determined from a tems (Gartner, Tolley and Leiby, unpubl. re-examination of the 247 mm SL halo­ data); recent evidence suggests an asso­ type are given in parentheses. Ranges of ciation with mesopelagic siphonophores meristics are as follows: dorsal29-30 (26); (Janssen et at., '1989). anal '18-19 ('15); principal caudal17; pro­ Two specimens identified as Caris­ current 6-7 (6); pectoral16-18 (16); pelvic tius sp. were collected from the eastern 1,5 (1,5); gill rakers 23, 7+1+15 (22, Gulf of Mexico in September 1984 and 6 + 1 + 15); branchiostegals 7 (7). April 1987. These fish represent the first Morphometric data are presented as reported occurrence of the family Caris­ percent standard length, or percent head tiidae from the Gulf of Mexico. A third length (HL) when specified. Head length Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1990 1 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 11 [1990], No. 2, Art. 9 160 Short papers and notes 34.3-38.4% (30.6% ); body depth 62.9· sal fin folds into sheath extending length 72.2% (52.1 %); predorsal length 12.2· of fin base. Ventral sheath also present, 17.9% (15.8%); preanal length 49.7- from insertion of pelvics to posterior 53.3% (56.2%); prepectoral length 35.7- margin of anal fin. Anal fin origin be­ 40.4% (30.1% ); prepelvic length 23.0- neath middle of dorsal fin base. Last ray 25.7% (31.5%); length of caudal pedun­ of dorsal and anal fins deeply branched. cle 13.3·15.3% (8.0%); depth of caudal Pectorals just below horizontal midline peduncle 13.2-15.3% (15.3%); dorsal of body. Pelvics long, extending entire origin to upper edge of orbit 15.0-18.5% length of fish in the smallest specimen, (16.2%); dorsal origin to lower edge of or­ and to midpoint of anal fin base in larger bit 29.6-36.4% (28.1 %); dorsal origin to individuals; pelvics inserted in advance pectoral insertion 42.2-44.7% (32.6%); of pectorals and hind margin of pre­ snout length 20.1-25.0% HL (7.1% HL); opercle. diameter of orbit 35.7-44.0% HL (42.1% Scales cycloid, highly variable in HL); lower edge of orbit to ventral margin size. Lacrymal shield present, completely of premaxilla 21.9-22.4% HL (19.0% HL); covering maxilla and most of premaxilla. snout to rear edge of orbit 53.1-58.6% H L Preopercle and lacrymal shield with ex­ (51.6% HL); length of upper jaw 38.0· tensive lateralis system; numerous addi· 44.0% HL (32.0% HL). tiona! pores located on head. Posterior Body deep, compressed laterally; margin of maxilla extending to vertical lateral line absent (Fig. 1). Eyes relatively through center of orbit or slightly be­ large; nostrils double, second aperture yond, not reaching the rear margin of the approximately twice the size of the first. orbit. Jaw teeth pointed, recurved, uni· Dorsal fin origin above or just behind a serial; teeth absent on tongue, vomer and vertical line through center of orbit. Dor- palatines. Gill rakers in two rows: outer B Figure 1. Caristius sp. of. maderensis. A: FDNR 17906, 65.3 mm SL, from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. B: GCRL 17426, 30.2 mm SL, from the northeast coast of Florida. https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol11/iss2/9 2 DOI: 10.18785/negs.1102.09 Tolley et al.: First Record of the Family Caristiidae (Osteichthyes) from the Gu Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 11, No.2 December 1990 161 row relatively long, bladelike, numerous As the holotype of Caristius mader­ stout bristles on lateral surfaces; medial ensis (247 mm SL) is considerably larger row club-like, bristles terminal. than any of our specimens of Caristius Pigmentation in smallest specimen: sp. (30.2-67.9 mm SL), allometric growth three broad, vertical bars of brown, back­ may account for some morphological ground lighter brown, numerous chroma­ dissimilarities. However, a preliminary tophores present on head (Fig. 1). Larger examination of a large number of caris­ specimens light brown (bars absent), tiid specimens of varying sizes, obtained operculum dark brown, visceral region from all over the world, suggests that this intermediate, fin membranes darkly group is much more taxonomically com­ pigmented (Fig. 1). plex than previously thought. For these Discussion. The characters of Caristius reasons, and because enough differ­ sp. collected from the western Atlantic ences were found between our speci­ and the eastern Gulf of Mexico are mens and the holotype, we cannot similar to those of the holotype of C. assign a positive species identification maderensis from the eastern Atlantic. at this time. The number of fin elements present over­ laps between our specimens and those ACKNOWLEDGMENTS obtained from the holotype and the origi­ nal description (Maul, 1949). Descriptions Gulf of Mexico specimens were col­ of pigmentation, fin size and placement, lected during cruises directed separately dentition and the occurrence of key by Raymond R. Wilson and Thomas L. characters such as the dorsal and anal Hopkins, to whom we are grateful. We fin sheaths and the lacrymal shield, are also thank Stuart Poss (GCRL) for al­ also in general agreement. lowing us to examine the additional However, from both Maul's (1949) specimen mentioned, and to Jack Briggs original description and our own re­ for free run of his invaluable library. The examination of the holotype, we note the senior author expresses his appreciation following discrepancies. The holotype to the William W. Knight family for their possesses two rows of club-shaped gill financial support in the form of a fellow­ rakers with rounded ends and terminal ship. Ship support was provided by bristles. In our specimens, two raker National Science Foundation Grants structures were noted: a relatively slen­ BSR86-00186 (R. Wilson) and OCE8410787 der, bladelike outer row, and a medial (T. Hopkins). row of rakers similar to the holotype. The dorsal fin origin in our specimens is LITERATURE CITED above the center of the orbit, although in the holotype, it occurs well behind the Fujii, E.
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