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“ESPECIES, ENSAMBLAJES Y PAISAJES DE LOS BLOQUES MARINOS SUJETOS A EXPLORACIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS” CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA MEGAFAUNA Y EL PLANCTON DEL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO Convenio específico de cooperación No. 008 de 2008 INFORME DE ACTIVIDADES INVEMAR – ANH Fase III - Pacífico Vinculado al Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial Santa Marta, Octubre 31 de 2010 “ESPECIES, ENSAMBLAJES Y PAISAJES DE LOS BLOQUES MARINOS SUJETOS A EXPLORACIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS” CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA MEGAFAUNA Y EL PLANCTON DEL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO INFORME DE ACTIVIDADES Directivos INVEMAR Coordinación INVEMAR Francisco A. Arias Isaza, M. Sc, Dr. Director General David A. Alonso Carvajal, M. Sc. Francisco Armando Arias Isaza Milena Benavides Serrato., M. Sc. Subdir ector Coordinación ANH Coordinación de Investigaciones Boris Navarro Jesús Antonio Garay Tinoco GRUPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Subdirector Componente de biodiversidad Recursos y Apoyo a la Investigación Carlos Augusto Pinilla González Adriana Gracia, M. Sc. Biología Marina Andrea Polanco, M. Sc. Biología Marina Coordinador Programa Andrés Merchán, M. Sc. Biología Marina Biodiversidad y Ecosistemas Marinos Christian Díaz, B. Sc. Biología Marina David A. Alonso Carvajal Erika Montoya C., B. Sc. Biología Marina Erlenis Fontalvo, B. Sc. Biología Johanna Medellín, B. Sc. B iología Marina Coordinadora Programa Martha Díaz Ruíz, M. Sc. Biología Marina Investigación para la Gestión Marina y Milena Benavides, M. Sc. Biología Marina Costera Manuel Garrido Linares, B. Sc. Biología Paula Cristina Sierra Correa Paola Flórez, B. Sc. Biología Marina Componente análisis áreas significativas Luis A. Mejía, B. Sc. Biología Marina para la biodiversidad Ana M. Lagos, Estudiante. Biología Coordinadora Programa Vanesa Izquierdo, Estudiante Biología David A. Alonso Carvajal, M. Sc. Geociencias Marinas Lenny Sánchez, Estudiante Biología Marina Carolina Segura Quintero, Ing. Esp. SIG Georgina Guzmán Ángela López Rodríguez, Cand. M Sc. Componente geológico Martha Vides Casado, M. Sc. Coordinadora Programa Desarrollo y Diseño Web y Geoweb Calidad Ambiental Marina Javier Idarraga García, M. Sc. Luisa Fernanda Espinosa Componente geográfico Leonardo Arias, Ing. Esp. Ingeniería de Software Coordinador Programa Daniel M. Rozo, Ing. Catastral y Geodesta Juan José Ballesteros, Ing. Civil Valoración y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Jiner Bolaños, Ing. Topográfico Julián Pizarro, Ing. Sistemas Marinos José Espriella, Geógrafo Jiner Bolaños, Ing. Topográfico Mario Rueda Hernández Juan José Ballesteros, Ing. Civil Daniel M. Rozo, Ing. Catastral y Geodesta Carolina Segura Quintero, Ing. Esp. SIG René Pinzón, Ing. Catastral y Geodesta Técnico Museo de Historia Natural Marina Cítese como: INVEMAR-ANH, 2010 . José Fuentes, Geográfo M. Sc Especies, ensamblajes y paisajes Carolina Rodríguez, Ingeniera forestal Miguel Martelo López de los bloques marinos sujetos a exploración de hidrocarburos. Informe de actividades INVEMAR – ANH Fase III-Pacífico Caracterización de la megafauna y el pláncton del Pacífico colombiano, Santa Marta , 226 p Octubre 31 de 2010 - Santa Marta - Colombia Imagen portada: Organismos colectados durante las campañas ANH y Macrofauna I y II. Autoria BEM-SIBM. Fitoplancton tomado y modificado de http://www.explora.cl/otros/VIIsemana/fotocient/img/ microcosmos.jpg INVEMAR - Cerro Punta de Betín, Santa Marta - Colombia, Apartado Aéreo 1016 Tel: (57) (5) 4328600 http: // www.invemar.org.co TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................................. 9 2 ANÁLISIS DE INFORMACIÓN BIOLÓGICA .............................................................................................. 13 2.1 CONTEXTO OCEANOGRÁFICO DEL PACIFICO COLOMBIANO ........................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Introducción ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.2 Antecedentes ............................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3 Clima ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.4 Condiciones oceanográficas del OPC ..................................................................................................... 16 REFERENCIAS ............................................................................................................................................................ 31 2.2 CONTEXTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO DEL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO ........................................................................ 35 2.2.1 Introducción ............................................................................................................................................. 35 2.2.2 Metodología General ............................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.3 Contexto Geológico Regional .................................................................................................................. 36 2.2.4 Caracterización Geomorfológica ............................................................................................................. 39 2.2.5 Conclusiones ............................................................................................................................................ 51 REFERENCIAS ............................................................................................................................................................. 52 2.3 CARACTERIZACIÓN PLANCTÓNICA ................................................................................................................ 54 2.3.1 Caracterización Fitoplanctónica ............................................................................................................. 54 REFERENCIAS ............................................................................................................................................................ 78 2.3.2 Caracterización Zooplanctónica .............................................................................................................. 82 REFERENCIAS .......................................................................................................................................................... 106 2.4 CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MEGAFAUNA ........................................................................................................... 110 2.4.1 Peces ...................................................................................................................................................... 110 REFERENCIAS .......................................................................................................................................................... 130 2.4.2 Moluscos ................................................................................................................................................ 131 REFERENCIAS .......................................................................................................................................................... 145 2.4.3 Crustáceos .............................................................................................................................................. 148 REFERENCIAS .......................................................................................................................................................... 165 2.4.4 Equinodermos ........................................................................................................................................ 168 REFERENCIAS ........................................................................................................................................................... 178 2.4.5 Cnidaria ................................................................................................................................................. 182 REFERENCIAS ........................................................................................................................................................... 199 2.5 REPRESENTACIÓN ESPACIAL DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD MARINA ...................................................................... 200 2.5.1 Introducción ........................................................................................................................................... 200 2.5.2 Contexto biogeográfico. ......................................................................................................................... 200 2.5.3 Zonación marina .................................................................................................................................... 204 2.5.4 Caracterización del fondo marino ......................................................................................................... 206 2.5.5 Profundidad ........................................................................................................................................... 209 2.5.6 Rasgos topográficos ............................................................................................................................... 210 2.5.7 Parámetros físicos y químicos del agua adyacente al fondo .................................................................
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