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Divergent Evolution of Brain Structures and Convergence of Cognitive Functions in Vertebrates: the Example of the Teleost Zebrafish

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Divergent Evolution of Brain Structures and Convergence of Cognitive Functions in Vertebrates: the Example of the Teleost Zebrafish Divergent evolution of brain structures and convergence of cognitive functions in vertebrates: the example of the teleost zebrafish Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay Préparée à l’Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI) 2019SACLS073 2019SACLS073 : École doctorale n°568 BIOSIGNE Spécialité de doctorat: Sciences de la vie et de la santé NNT Thèse présentée et soutenue à Gif-sur-Yvette, le 2 avril 2019, par Solal Bloch Composition du Jury : Sylvie Granon Professeur des Universités, Université Paris-Sud (Neuro-PSI, UMR 9197) Présidente Alessandra Pierani Directeur de Recherche, Université Paris Descartes (Inserm U894) Rapporteur Onur Güntürkün Professeur, Rurh University Bochum Rapporteur Filippo Del Bene Directeur de Recherche, Institut Curie (U394/UMR3215) Examinateur Olivier Armant Chargé de Recherche, IRSN (PSE-ENV/SRTE) Examinateur Kei Yamamoto Chargé de Recherche, CNRS (Neuro-PSI, UMR 9197) Directeur de thèse Acknowledgements - Remerciements First, I thank all the members of the jury for participating in my defense and reading this manuscript. Your suggestions and our discussion are of great interest to me. Cette thèse est le fruit d’une rencontre que j’ai faite en troisième année de licence, pendant mon stage de fin d’année, l’été 2012. J’ai alors fait la connaissance de Kei, qui était encore chercheur post-doctoral. Rapidement, devant notre intérêt commun pour l’évolution de l’intelligence, Kei m’a fait part de ses projets pour le futur, qui m’ont passionné. Ce premier contact avec le projet qui allait devenir mon sujet de thèse m’a marqué. Par chance, Kei a pu avoir un poste au moment où je suis entré en Master 2, ce qui a pu déboucher sur un stage puis sur la thèse. Kei, je te remercie de m’avoir accepté comme étudiant en thèse. Merci pour ton encadrement sans faille, ta patience, ta générosité et ta gentillesse. Merci pour ta disponibilité continue, pour ton soutien à tous les niveaux, et pour ta volonté de faire toujours le meilleur pour moi, et pour mon futur. Merci enfin de m’avoir transmis ta rigueur scientifique, ton esprit critique, et l’art de rebondir quand les manips ne fonctionnent pas comme on veut. Tu es une directrice de thèse exceptionnelle, je pense avoir eu beaucoup de chance de t’avoir rencontrée. Je te souhaite le meilleur dans tes projets, et j’espère qu’un jour nous pourrons retravailler ensemble. Je souhaite remercier individuellement tous les membres de l’équipe DEN, avec qui j’ai eu la chance de passer ces années de thèse, au fond du bois, au bâtiment 5. Merci à tous pour votre gentillesse et votre soutien au quotidien. Manon, je te remercie pour tout le travail que tu as fourni pendant deux ans pour mon projet de thèse. Sans toi, je n’aurais pas pu autant avancer et nous n’aurions jamais pu compléter les trois articles. Ça a été une expérience exceptionnelle de pouvoir travailler avec toi, tout semblait simple et on formait un duo de choc pour les manips. Je te remercie pour ta motivation et ta persévérance devant la difficulté. Tu es aussi une personne aux qualités humaines exceptionnelles, toujours à l’écoute et toujours de bonne humeur. Je te souhaite le meilleur pour la suite ! Catherine, je te remercie tout particulièrement pour toutes les relectures (pour la thèse bien sûr, mais aussi pour les rapports de stage !) alors que tu avais pleins de choses à faire de ton côté. Merci pour ta grande gentillesse, ta douceur, et pour tous les bons moments que nous avons passés ensemble. Un grand merci à Ingrid pour ton implication dans la vie du laboratoire et de l’équipe ! Merci pour toutes tes actions au quotidien. Ça a été un grand plaisir de partager un bureau avec toi pendant plus de quatre ans. Merci pour ton humour, ta générosité, et ton abnégation au jour le jour. Et merci d’avoir toujours soutenu la bonne ambiance, avec les soirées ciné et tous tes gâteaux ! Merci Cynthia pour ton implication dans le projet « working memory », ainsi que pour tous les échanges que nous avons eus entre Kei, toi et moi. Merci aussi pour ta participation dans la vie de l’équipe, tous les bons moments passés à bavarder au couloir café. Merci à Élodie et Jean-Michel pour votre implication dans le projet. Grâce à vous j’ai pu écrire ce manuscrit plus sereinement, et je vous en suis grandement reconnaissant. Merci 2 pour tout le travail que vous avez déjà pu fournir, et pour la suite. Merci pour votre bonne humeur : c’est un vrai plaisir de travailler à vos côtés. Merci Jean-Michel pour les discussions autour d’un bon thé, qui m’ont permis de faire de petites pauses conviviales pendant la fin de la thèse. Merci Élodie pour ton sens de l’humour, et ton efficacité. Et merci d’avoir pris grand soin de mes poissons pendant l’écriture ! Merci à Michaël pour tous tes conseils lors des présentations, et pour avoir été toujours à l’écoute lorsque j’avais besoin de conseils pour ma carrière. Merci aussi pour ton initiation au patch-clamp. Merci pour ta bonne humeur quotidienne et pour ton humour. Merci à Romain pour son encadrement en L3 et au début de ma thèse. Tu as été un très bon pédagogue, et tu m’as transmis ta motivation et ta manière de gérer le temps de manière à faire avancer les manips. Merci à Anna pour m’avoir impliqué dans son projet et pour avoir participé à ma formation au début de ma thèse. Merci à Anaïs d’avoir été une super stagiaire ! Ça a été un bonheur de travailler avec toi. Thank you Hanako for your significant participation to the “preglomerular nucleus” project. Thank you for your kindness during your visit in France, I hope we’ll meet again soon! Merci au personnel de l’animalerie, en particulier Krystel, pour s’être occupé des animaux au quotidien. Enfin, merci à Philippe pour m’avoir accueilli dans ton équipe, et pour le premier contact avec le laboratoire qui a finalement débouché sur un Master puis une thèse. Merci aussi de m’avoir recommandé de demander un prolongement de 6 mois, ce qui a été très bénéfique et m’a permis de finir ma thèse plus tranquillement. Merci pour ton soutien et tes lettres de recommandation. Merci d’avoir partagé avec moi ta grande culture lors de nos conversations. En-dehors de l’équipe DEN, je tiens aussi à remercier tous les anciens membres de l’équipe ainsi que toutes les personnes avec qui j’ai pu travailler à Neuro-PSI. Je remercie tous les membres de TEFOR avec qui j’ai pu travailler au cours de ma thèse, en particulier Pierre Affaticati, Arnim Jenett, Elodie Machado, Lorie Riviere, Isabelle Robineau et Elodie De Job. Je remercie Pierre pour son soutien continu, dès le moment où je suis arrivé en L3 et par la suite en thèse à travers la collaboration avec TEFOR. Merci pour tout ce que tu as pu faire pour le projet sur ces quatre années. Merci pour ton humour dévastateur, ta générosité, et tout ce que nous avons pu partager. Merci Arnim pour ton implication dans le projet et pour tes magnifiques reconstructions 3D. C’est un bonheur de travailler avec toi, tu es toujours souriant et enthousiaste ! Merci pour tout. Merci à Élodie et Isabelle de m’avoir accueilli dans le labo des TEFOR pour les dernières manips de transparisation. Élodie, merci beaucoup pour tout le temps que tu m’as consacré, en particulier l’été dernier pour tous les protocoles de clarification. Merci à Matthieu et Aurélie pour leurs inputs scientifiques, et pour la lignée « meis ». 3 Je remercie les membres de l’équipe DECA pour nos réunions d’équipes communes, et pour avoir partagé leurs projets avec nous. Je remercie les membres de l’équipe ZEN, avec qui nous avons partagé le bâtiment 5 pendant la première partie de ma thèse. Merci pour votre interaction au quotidien, autant scientifique qu’humaine. Je remercie Laure pour tout le soutien que tu nous as fourni au bâtiment 5. Merci aussi pour tes explications sur l’organisateur isthmique qui m’ont aidé pour la rédaction. Merci à Sonya et Isabelle pour la lignée her5 et pour avoir partagé les données préliminaires qui ont débouché sur le projet sur le lobe inférieur, puis sur celui sur le noyau préglomérulaire. Merci à Manu et Ale, nos voisins de labo préférés ! J’ai beaucoup aimé travailler à vos côtés et discuter avec vous. Manu, merci pour ton amitié et tous tes conseils pendant la thèse. Merci à Seb pour son humour et pour s’être si bien occupé de nos poissons pendant cette période. Merci à Lucie et Aurore pour tous les bons moments passés ensemble pendant la thèse et à la colloc, et pour toutes nos discussions (scientifiques ou non). Je remercie Catherine Del Negro et Nicolas Giret pour tout le temps qu’ils m’ont accordé pendant ma thèse. Merci pour vos conseils pour les postdocs sur les oiseaux et pour avoir partagé avec moi vos connaissances. Nicolas, merci d’avoir passé du temps pour m’apprendre à fabriquer des électrodes. Merci à toute l’équipe pédagogique des TP de L2 et L3. Ça a été une expérience extrêmement enrichissante, et je vous en suis très reconnaissant. Merci de m’avoir transmis la passion de l’enseignement. Merci à Heather McLean et Élisabeth Traiffort pour leur soutien pour la suite, ce qui m’a permis de trouver un postdoc avant la fin de la thèse.
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