The Chinese Higher Education System and the Impact of Gender

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Chinese Higher Education System and the Impact of Gender The Chinese higher education system and the impact of gender The structure of Chinese education system and previous research and an empirical study Von der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg – Fakultät I Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften – zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktor der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr.rer.pol.) genehmigte Dissertation von Frau Hua, Jiang geboren am 19.08.1975 in Beijing, China Erste Gutachterin: Prof. Karin Flaake Zweite Gutachterin: Prof. Heike Fleßner Tag der Disputation: 29.10.2010 The Chinese higher education system and the impact of gender The structure of Chinese education system and previous research and an empirical study Von der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg – Fakultät I Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften – zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktor der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr.rer.pol.) genehmigte Dissertation von Herrn Jinsong, Gu geboren am 15.02.1976 in Beijing, China Erste Gutachterin: Prof. Karin Flaake Zweite Gutachterin: Prof. Heike Fleßner Tag der Disputation: 29.10.2010 The Chinese higher education system and the impact of gender The structure of Chinese education system and previous research and an empirical study Gu Jinsong Jiang Hua Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany 1 Table of Contents Abbreviations……………………………………………………………6 Introduction……………………………………………………………..7 Part I The Chinese higher education system and the impact of gender – The structure of Chinese education system and previous research Chapter 1 Chinese education system (Hua Jiang)…………………….9 1.1. Main forms of Chinese education system………………………………………9 1.1.1. Basic education…………………………………………………………...11 1.1.2. Secondary schooling……………………………………………………...13 1.2. Higher education……………………………………………………………….16 1.2.1. History of Chinese higher education……………………………………16 1.2.2. Chinese higher education at present……………………………………18 1.2.3. Tuition fees………………………………………………………………..24 1.3. Other forms of Chinese education system…………………………………….27 1.4. International exchange of Chinese higher education………………………...31 1.5. Characteristics of Chinese higher education…………………………………34 1.5.1. Hierarchical structure of higher education…………………………….34 1.5.2. The proportion of the colleges students…………………………………36 1.5.3. Information technology in higher education……………………………38 1.5.4. The restructuring of the higher education……………………………...39 1.6. The future development of Chinese higher education……………………….41 Chapter 2 Male and female students in Chinese higher education (Jinsong Gu)……………………………………………………………43 2.1. Some statistical data about Chinese students today…………………………43 2 2.2. The socio-economic background of the students……………………………..48 2.3. The career aspiration among students and graduates……………………….54 2.4. Countryside students vs. City students……………………………………….58 2.5. The situation in the labor market……………………………………………..67 2.6. Differences between male and female graduates…………………………….73 2.6.1. Humanities students vs. Science students………………………………73 2.6.2. Number of students with different academic level…………………….81 2.6.3. Attitude towards the occupation as teacher……………………………83 2.6.4. Gender differences in other fields of higher education……………......84 2.6.5. Gender differences among postgraduate students……………………..85 Chapter 3 Teaching professions: Hierarchies, social conditions, and qualifications among Chinese university teachers (Hua Jiang)……90 Chapter 4 Women as teachers in Chinese higher education (Jinsong Gu)……………………………………………………………97 4.1. Few women in Chinese higher education……………………………………..97 4.1.1. Historical reasons………………………………………………………...99 4.1.2. Gender reasons………………………………………………………….101 4.2. Why are there few women leaders in Chinese universities?..........................107 4.3. Female’s behaviors at work in higher education……………………………115 4.4. Gender politics in China……………………………………………………...117 4.4.1. Women’s center in the college………………………………………….117 4.4.2. Occupation………………………………………………………………119 4.4.3. Why do female teachers return to the colleges recently?.....................119 3 Part II The empirical study: Women and men in Chinese universities Chapter 5 The empirical study – Methods and results (Hua Jiang and Jinsong Gu)…………………………………………121 5.1. Concept and methods of the study (Hua Jiang and Jinsong Gu)………….121 5.2. Interviews with the female teachers – biographical summaries (Hua Jiang) 5.2.1. FA………………………………………………………………………..125 5.2.2. FB………………………………………………………………………..131 5.2.3. FC………………………………………………………………………..140 5.2.4. FD………………………………………………………………………..147 5.2.5. FE………………………………………………………………………..155 5.2.6. FF………………………………………………………………………..163 5.3. Interviews with the female teachers – results (Hua Jiang)………………...171 5.3.1. Family background……………………………………………………..171 5.3.2. Motivation of working in university…………………………………...172 5.3.3. The significance of family and marriage………………………………173 5.3.4. Educational degree among female teachers…………………………...175 5.3.5. Life of female teachers………………………………………………….175 5.3.6. Disciplines that they study……………………………………………...177 5.3.7. Proportion of male and female teachers in department……………...178 5.4. Interviews with the male teachers – biographical summaries (Jinsong Gu) 5.4.1. MG..............................................................................................................179 5.4.2. MH.............................................................................................................187 5.4.3. MI...............................................................................................................195 5.4.4. MJ..............................................................................................................202 5.4.5. MK.............................................................................................................209 5.4.6. ML……………………………………………………………………….218 5.5. Interviews with the male teachers – results (Jinsong Gu)………………….225 5.5.1. Family background……………………………………………………..225 5.5.2. Motivation of working in university…………………………………...226 4 5.5.3. The significance of family and marriage………………………………226 5.5.4. Educational degree among male teachers……………………………..227 5.5.5. Life of male teachers……………………………………………………227 5.5.6. Disciplines that they study……………………………………………...227 5.5.7. Proportion of male and female teachers in department……………...228 5.6. Similarities among male and female teachers (Hua Jiang and Jinsong Gu) 5.6.1. Family background…………………………………………………….228 5.6.2. Academic degree for the recruitment…………………………………229 5.6.3. The same option to be a teacher………………………………………230 5.6.4. The same conditions of promotion…………………………………….230 5.6.5. For young teachers, career is the most important element…………..231 5.6.6. The same troubles………………………………………………………232 5.6.7. The older teachers have lower pressure than the young teachers…..233 5.6.8. Study abroad……………………………………………………………233 5.7. Differences among male and female teachers (Hua Jiang and Jinsong Gu) 5.7.1. Male and female teachers study different disciplines in the university period…………………………………………………………………..234 5.7.2. The educational degree………………………………………………...235 5.7.3. Different concerns of lives between male und female teachers….......235 5.7.4. More male leaders in university……………………………………….235 Chapter 6 Summary and conclusions (Hua Jiang and Jinsong Gu)238 Bibliography………………………………………………………..…244 Supplement............................................................................................255 1. Questionnaire.....................................................................................................255 2. Interview transcrpits.........................................................................................266 5 Abbreviations CCP Chinese Communist Party CERNET China Education Research Network CPA Certified Public Accountant EPO Education Planning Offices HEIs Higher Education Institutions MOE Ministry of Education NCEE National College Entrance Exam OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PRC People’s Republic of China SOHO Small Office, Home Office SED State Education Commission TFSA Taiwanese Feminist Scholars Association UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNNC University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China 6 Introduction This dissertation focuses on the situation of males and females in Chinese universities. This includes the allocation between males and females in different positions and disciplines, as well as an analysis of the reasons for these differences and the meaning of women’s involvement in universities. The dissertation consists of two parts. The first part is based on theories and previous research done by different researchers and could be seen as fundamental information to the subjects of the dissertation. The second part is an empirical study conducted by the authors, including a questionnaire, interview transcripts and the results of the study. There are four chapters in the theoretical part. The first chapter offers an overview of the Chinese education system, emphasising higher education, its history, forms and characteristics. The second chapter describes the students’ situation in Chinese higher education, including their distribution in different disciplines, socio-economic background and career aspiration. An important point in this chapter is the differences between male and female students. The third chapter focuses on recent developments in teacher training, with special attention to teachers in higher education. The last chapter deals with the female
Recommended publications
  • Maharani Dowager Cixi: Wanita Yang Memerintah China Di Belakang Tabir, 1862-1874
    Sejarah: Journal of History Department, University of Malaya; No. 30 (1) 2021: 1-19; ISSN 1985-0611. MAHARANI DOWAGER CIXI: WANITA YANG MEMERINTAH CHINA DI BELAKANG TABIR, 1862-1874 EMPRESS DOWAGER CIXI: THE WOMAN WHO RULED CHINA FROM BEHIND THE CURTAIN, 1862-1874 Ku Boon Dar* Bahagian Sejarah, Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Abstrak Artikel ini menelusuri sejarah hidup Maharani Dowager Cixi sehingga beliau berjaya memegang tampuk kekuasaan pada tahun 1875. Fokus kajian di era pemerintahan Maharaja Tongzhi (1862- 1874) kerana pada zaman tersebut Cixi berjaya melancarkan kudeta yang dikenali sebagai Xinyou 1861 sehingga beliau tersohor sebagai Maharani China yang memerintah ‘di belakang tabir.’ Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan meneliti polemik isu peranan Maharani Cixi dalam sejarah moden China. Hal ini sedemikian kerana tanggapan dalam kalangan ahli sejarah terhadap pentadbiran beliau sebagai wanita di belakang tabir masih berbelah bagi. Hasil dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Cixi hanyalah mangsa pergelutan politik semasa disebabkan kebobrokan dalaman Dinasti Qing yang di luar kawalan beliau. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa Cixi pada awal pemerintahannya mempunyai iltizam dan keazaman membawa China menuju ke arah sebuah negara moden yang berasaskan model dan pentadbiran Barat. Namun, akhirnya Cixi terpaksa menangguhkan segala usaha pembaharuan tersebut demi memelihara dan mengekalkan kedudukannya daripada ancaman pesaing-pesaing politiknya. Kata kunci: Cixi, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Putera Gong, Kudeta Xinyou Abstract This article examines Empress Dowager Cixi’s life history up until her ascension to power in 1875. The focus of the study is on the reign of Emperor Tongzhi (1862-1874) because Cixi successfully launched a coup known as Xinyou 1861 until she was known as the Chinese empress who ruled ‘behind the curtains’ during the reign of Emperor Tongzhi.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis
    MASTER THESIS Titel der Master Thesis „ A Broken Generation – The Social Implications of the One Child Policy, and its Place in China’s Human Rights Development “ verfasst von Jake Mendrik angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 992 884 Universitätslehrgang: Universitätslehrgang Master of Arts in Human Rights Betreut von: Univ. -Prof. Dr. Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik 1 Freedom is priceless, My life is a limited dream, I prefer to be jade broken, To save China in martyrdom. Lin Zhao (1932-1968) 2 Contents My Last Farewell Verse – A Poem ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter One – Origins of the One Child Policy ...................................................................... 12 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Population control in Chinese history – the eugenics movement ............................ 13 1.2 Mao’s China ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Chinese Education in Beijing in June 2016, a Delegation
    Exploring Chinese Education in Beijing In June 2016, a delegation of nine school principals from different parts of Finland visited Beijing, exploring Chinese education and experiencing Chinese culture. This delegation was organized by the Confucius Institute and led by Kauko Laitinen, former Director of the Institute. During their one-week stay in Beijing, the delegation visited the Confucius Institute Headquarters, two high schools and two universities. At the Confucius Institute Headquarters, the principals visited the Chinese Culture Exhibition Hall. They excitedly experienced Chinese calligraphy and tried on the Chinese traditional costumes, for the first time in their life. After learning about the development of the Chinese teaching materials and network resources, the principals showed great interest in Finnish-Chinese textbooks and expressed their hope of offering Chinese courses in Finnish high schools. Pic. 001 At Hanban /Confucius Institute Headquarters Pic. 002 Experiencing Chinese costumes at Chinese Culture Exhibition Hall The principals were well received at both Renmin University of China (RUC) and Beijing Normal University (BNU). They got opportunities to talk with university leaders and students and teachers, learning about higher education in China. They also toured around the campuses, visited libraries and teaching buildings. Pic. 003 Visiting RUC library Pic. 004 Meeting local principals and teachers at BNU During their visits to the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, and Shijingshan District Middle School Affiliated to Beijing Institute of Education, the principals exchanged with the local principals and teachers their views on the educational systems, the curriculums and students' learning styles in the two countries. At the same time, the two sides also explored the possibilities for further cooperation and exchanges in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of World Civilization. 3 Cyclus (1450-2070) New Time ("New Antiquity"), Capitalism ("New Slaveownership"), Upper Mental (Causal) Plan
    The history of world civilization. 3 cyclus (1450-2070) New time ("new antiquity"), capitalism ("new slaveownership"), upper mental (causal) plan. 19. 1450-1700 -"neoarchaics". 20. 1700-1790 -"neoclassics". 21. 1790-1830 -"romanticism". 22. 1830-1870 – «liberalism». Modern time (lower intuitive plan) 23. 1870-1910 – «imperialism». 24. 1910-1950 – «militarism». 25.1950-1990 – «social-imperialism». 26.1990-2030 – «neoliberalism». 27. 2030-2070 – «neoromanticism». New history. We understand the new history generally in the same way as the representatives of Marxist history. It is a history of establishment of new social-economic formation – capitalism, which, in difference to the previous formations, uses the economic impelling and the big machine production. The most important classes are bourgeoisie and hired workers, in the last time the number of the employees in the sphere of service increases. The peasants decrease in number, the movement of peasants into towns takes place; the remaining peasants become the independent farmers, who are involved into the ware and money economy. In the political sphere it is an epoch of establishment of the republican system, which is profitable first of all for the bourgeoisie, with the time the political rights and liberties are extended for all the population. In the spiritual plan it is an epoch of the upper mental, or causal (later lower intuitive) plan, the humans discover the laws of development of the world and man, the traditional explanations of religion already do not suffice. The time of the swift development of technique (Satan was loosed out of his prison, according to Revelation 20.7), which causes finally the global ecological problems.
    [Show full text]
  • View Marco Polo Chinese Classics Segment Catalogue
    MARCO POLO CHINESE CLASSICS Music that travels well Cat. No. Title Performers UPC ORCHESTRAL / CONERTOS A, Kejian: Violin Concerto, "Hung Hu" / CHEN, Gang: Fantasy on a Sinkiang Folk Takako Nishizaki, Violin / Singapore Symphony Orchestra / 8.225811 636943581124 Song Hoey Choo Lam Fung, Pipa / Takako Nishizaki, Violin / Capella Istropolitana 8.225801 CHEN, Gang: Violin Concerto, "Wang Zhaojun" / Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra / Stephen Gunzenhauser / 636943580127 Yip Wing-sie Takako Nishizaki, Violin / Gunma Symphony Orchestra / Henry 8.225819 CHEN, Gang / HE, Zhanhao: Butterfly Lovers Violin Concerto (The) 636943581926 Shek CHEN, Gang / HE, Zhanhao: Butterfly Lovers Violin Concerto (The) / Popular Takako Nishizaki, Violin / Seow Yit-Kin, Piano / Nagoya 8.225833 636943583326 Chinese Violin Pieces Philharmonic Orchestra / Lim Kektjiang 8.223960 CHEN / HE: Butterfly Lovers Violin Concerto (The) / A Ke: Violin Concerto Vera Tsu, Violin / Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra / Cao Peng 4891030239609 Dong Chen, Baritone / Hsu Fei-ping, Piano / Hong Kong 8.225829 CHEN, Gang / HE, Zhanhao: The Butterfly Lovers Piano Concerto 636943582923 Philharmonic Orchestra / Kenneth Schermerhorn Wong On-yuen, Erhu / Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra / Yip 8.223927 CHEN, Peixun: Fantasia on Cantonese Folk Themes 0730099392723 Wing-sie 8.225831 DING, Shande: Long March Symphony Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra / Yoshikazu Fukumura 636943583128 Takako Nishizaki, Violin / Singapore Symphony Orchestra / 8.225814 DU, Mingxin: 10 Xinjiang Dances 636943581421 Choo Hoey
    [Show full text]
  • Season 2017-2018
    23 Season 2017-2018 Wednesday, November 1, at 7:30 China’s National Centre for the Performing Arts Orchestra Lü Jia Conductor Ning Feng Violin Gautier Capuçon Cello Zhao Jiping Violin Concerto No. 1 (in one movement) Chen Qigang Reflection of a Vanished Time, for cello and orchestra United States premiere Intermission Brahms Symphony No. 4 in E minor, Op. 98 I. Allegro non troppo II. Andante moderato III. Allegro giocoso—Poco meno presto—Tempo I IV. Allegro energico e passionato—Più allegro This program runs approximately 1 hour, 50 minutes. China’s National Centre for the Performing Arts Orchestra’s 2017 US Tour is proudly supported by China National Arts Fund. International Flight Sponsor: Hainan Airlines Philadelphia Orchestra concerts are broadcast on WRTI 90.1 FM on Sunday afternoons at 1 PM. Visit www.wrti.org to listen live or for more details. 24 Conductor Lü Jia is artistic director of music of the National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) in Beijing, China, as well as music director and chief conductor of the NCPA Orchestra. He is also music director and chief conductor of the Macao Orchestra. He has served as music director of Verona Opera in Italy and artistic director of the Tenerife Symphony in Spain. Born into a musical family in Shanghai, he began studying piano and cello at a very young age. He later studied conducting at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing, under the tutelage of Zheng Xiaoying. At the age of 24 Mr. Lü entered the University of Arts in Berlin, where he continued his studies under Hans- Martin Rabenstein and Robert Wolf.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSITION from ELITE to MASS HIGHER EDUCATION in CHINA By
    TRANSITION FROM ELITE TO MASS HIGHER EDUCATION IN CHINA by YANQINGXUE submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION in the subject COMPARATIVE EDUCATION at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF S G PRETORIUS ~ t I JUNE2001 f II I Student number: 3247-339-7 I declare that TRANSITION FROM ELITE TO MASS HIGHER EDUCATION IN CHINA is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. -LL _j .~ti ... ~ .... ~(./.~/.~/ .. SIGNATURE DATE (MR YQXUE) Acknowledgements I wish to convey my sincere thanks to Professor S. G. Pretorius, my supervisor, for his capable, patient and friendly guidance; Appreciation is also extended to Mrs. Mattie Verwey for her kind helpfulness in many ways; To Professor E.M. Lemmer for language editing and checking the qualitative research; To Professor Y. J. Wang and Professor G.D. Kamper for their warm assistance; To all the informants for their time and energy;. To UNISA library staff for their high quality services; At last, my dedication to Jin and Y angyang, my dear wife and son, for their love and encouragement. SUMMARY The research focuses on the strategies for the transition from elite to mass higher education in China. The expansion of Chinese higher education has accelerated since 1998. The Chinese government plans to increase its gross enrolment rate in higher education to 15% by 2010. According to Trow's (1974:63) phase development theories, this increase of enrolment would lead to fundamental changes in higher education.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Special Education: a Comparative Analysis
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 361 947 EC 302 414 AUTHOR Mu, Keli; And Others TITLE China's Special Education: A Comparative Analysis. PUB DATE Apr 93 NOTE 9p.; Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children (71st, San Antonio, TX, April 5-9, 1993). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) Speeches /Conference Papers (150) Tests/Evaluation Instruments (160) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Attendance; Compulsory Education; *Delivery Systems; Differences; *Disabilities; Early Intervention; Educational History; Educational Legislation; Educational Needs; *Educational Practices; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; Foreign Culture; Higher Education; Incidence; Inservice Teacher Education; Mainstreaming; Parent School Relationship; Regional Characteristics; *Special Education; Teacher Exchange Programs; Teacher Shortage; Vocational Education IDENTIFIERS *China ABSTRACT This paper, written in outline form, summarizes the history and current situation of special education in China. The paper begins by listing milestones in Chinese special education from 200 B.C. to 1990 A.D. and noting that currently there are an estimated 6,500,000 children (ages 7-15, with disabilities, of whom 70,000 are being served in special classes and special schools. Contemporary legislation pertaining to special education are noted, followed by a description of current education practices in the areas of regular education, special schools, higher education, and inservice teacher training. Current examples of educational research are also described, including experiments in service delivery options (such as mainstreaming), early intervention and education, and parent/school collaboration. Activities in the areas of international exchange are briefly noted. Major problems identified include the following:(1) low school attendance rate by children with disabilities, (2) large regional variances in school attendance, (3) limited vocational training options, and (4) shortage of teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • Place and Memory in the Singing Crane Garden Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture
    Place and Memory in the Singing Crane Garden Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture John Dixon Hunt, Series Editor This series is dedicated to the study and promotion of a wide variety of approaches to landscape architecture, with emphasis on connections between theory and practice. It includes monographs on key topics in history and theory, descriptions of projects by both established and rising designers, translations of major foreign-language texts, anthologies of theoretical and historical writings on classic issues, and critical writing by members of the profession of landscape architecture. The series was the recipient of the Award of Honor in Communications from the American Society of Landscape Architects, 2006. Place and Memory in the Singing Crane Garden Vera Schwarcz University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia Publication of this volume was aided by a grant from Wesleyan University. Copyright © 2008 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schwarcz, Vera, 1947- Place and memory in the Singing Crane Garden / Vera Schwarcz. p. cm. — (Penn studies in landscape architecture) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:
    [Show full text]
  • Siba: Bronze Age Culture of the Gansu Corridor
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 86 October, 1998 Siba: Bronze Age Culture of the Gansu Corridor by Jidong Yang Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. We do, however, strongly recommend that prospective authors consult our style guidelines at www.sino-platonic.org/stylesheet.doc.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Destruction of the Palace of the Emperor of China
    Liberal Barbarism: The European Destruction of the Palace of the Emperor of China Ringmar, Erik 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ringmar, E. (2013). Liberal Barbarism: The European Destruction of the Palace of the Emperor of China. Palgrave Macmillan. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 Part I Introduction 99781137268914_02_ch01.indd781137268914_02_ch01.indd 1 77/16/2013/16/2013 1:06:311:06:31 PPMM 99781137268914_02_ch01.indd781137268914_02_ch01.indd 2 77/16/2013/16/2013 1:06:321:06:32 PPMM Chapter 1 Liberals and Barbarians Yuanmingyuan was the palace of the emperor of China, but that is a hope lessly deficient description since it was not just a palace but instead a large com- pound filled with hundreds of different buildings, including pavilions, galleries, temples, pagodas, libraries, audience halls, and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Thinking and Liberal Arts Education in China
    Current Thinking and Liberal Arts Education in China Author: Youguo Jiang Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104094 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2013 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College Lynch School of Education Department of Education Administration and Higher Education Current Thinking and Liberal Arts Education in China You Guo Jiang, S. J. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2, 2013 © copyright by YOU GUO JIANG 2013 Conceptions about Liberal Arts Education in China Abstract Liberal arts education is an emerging phenomenon in China. However, under the pressure of exam-oriented education, memorization, and lecture pedagogy, faculty, university administrators and policy makers have not embraced it whole-heartedly. Through qualitative methodology, this study explores the current thinking of Chinese policy makers, university administrators, and faculty members on liberal arts education and its challenges. A study of the perceptions of 96 Chinese government and university administrators and faculty members regarding liberal arts education through document analysis and interviews at three universities helps in comprehending the process of an initiative in educational policy in contemporary Chinese universities. This research analyzes Chinese policy making at the institutional and national levels on curriculum reform with particular emphasis on the role of education in shaping well-rounded global citizens, and it examines how the revival of liberal arts education in China would produce college graduates with the creativity, critical thinking, moral reasoning, innovation and cognitive complexity needed for social advancement and personal integration in a global context.
    [Show full text]