Street Art – Vandalismus Nebo Umění?

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Street Art – Vandalismus Nebo Umění? UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav d ějin k řes ťanského um ění Dějiny k řes ťanského um ění Eva Grabmüllerová Street art – vandalismus nebo umění? Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Milan Pech Praha 2012 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci s názvem „Street art – vandalismus nebo um ění?“ napsala samostatn ě a výhradn ě s použitím uvedených pramen ů a literatury a že jsem ji nevyužila k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. Souhlasím s tím, aby práce byla zve řejn ěna pro ú čely výzkumu a soukromého studia. V Praze dne 26. června 2012 Eva Grabmüllerová 2 Pod ěkování Na tomto míst ě bych ráda pod ěkovala vedoucímu diplomové práce Mgr. Milanu Pechovi za cenné rady a čas strávený p ři konzultacích. Za podporu b ěhem celého studia chci pod ěkovat svým rodi čů m. 3 Bibliografická citace Street art – vandalismus nebo um ění? [rukopis] : diplomová práce / Eva Grabmüllerová; vedoucí práce: Mgr. Milan Pech. -- Praha, 2011. -- 118 s. Anotace Diplomová práce „Street art – vandalismus nebo um ění?“ se zabývá celosv ětovým fenoménem sou časného um ění, nasti ňuje definici street artu a podrobn ě rozebírá jeho vztah ke graffiti. Práce dále mapuje historii street artu, jeho vznik a vývoj a poukazuje na odlišné formy a podoby, se kterými se u streetartových d ěl m ůžeme setkat. Pozornost je v ěnována také n ěkolika nejznám ějším sv ětovým p ředstavitel ům tohoto fenoménu a situaci street artu v České republice. Sledováním podobností s reklamou a souvislostmi s některými tendencemi um ění 20. století se práce pokouší zachytit složitou pozici street artu, který se nachází na rozhraní mezi vandalismem, komer čním sv ětem marketingu a sv ětem výtvarného um ění. Klí čová slova Street art, graffiti, Banksy, Blek le Rat, Shepard Fairey, vandalismus, reklama, um ění 20. století, sou časné um ění Abstract The diploma thesis ‚Street Art – Vandalism or Art?‘ deals with a world-wide phenomenon of contemporary art. The thesis focuses on the characterization of street art and history of street art (its origin and development) and analyzes the difference between street art and graffiti. The thesis presents street art techniques as well as notable street artists. The thesis also observes street art scene in the Czech Republic and depicts features that street art has in common with other art movements of the 20 th century as well as with advertising. The diploma thesis will try to answer the question whether street art belongs to art or is pure vandalism. Keywords Street art, graffiti, Banksy, Blek le Rat, Shepard Fairey, vandalism, advertising, art of the 20 th century, modern and contemporary art Po čet znak ů (v četn ě mezer): 188 174 4 OBSAH ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................... 6 1. STRU ČNÝ P ŘEHLED LITERATURY A STAVU BÁDÁNÍ..................................... 8 2. CHARAKTERISTIKA STREET ARTU...................................................................... 9 2.1. DEFINICE STREET ARTU .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. DISKUZE O POJMU ................................................................................................................................. 11 2.3. STREET ART VS . GRAFFITI ..................................................................................................................... 13 3. HISTORIE STREET ARTU ........................................................................................ 18 4. TECHNIKY A PODOBY STREET ARTU ................................................................ 27 4.1. MALBA ................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.2. ŠABLONY (STENCIL GRAFFITI) .............................................................................................................. 29 4.3. NÁLEPKY (STICKERS , STICKERKY )........................................................................................................ 30 4.4. PLAKÁTY (STREET POSTER ART ) ........................................................................................................... 30 4.5. ADBUSTING .......................................................................................................................................... 31 4.6. INSTALACE A 3D OBJEKTY .................................................................................................................... 32 4.7. MOZAIKY .............................................................................................................................................. 33 4.8. YARN BOMBING .................................................................................................................................... 34 4.9. GUERILLA GARDENING ......................................................................................................................... 36 4.10. PERFOMANCE ..................................................................................................................................... 37 5. NEJVÝZNAMN ĚJŠÍ SV ĚTOVÍ P ŘEDSTAVITELÉ STREET ARTU ................. 39 5.1. BLEK LE RAT ........................................................................................................................................ 39 5.2. BANKSY ................................................................................................................................................ 42 5.3. SHEPARD FAIREY .................................................................................................................................. 46 6. STREET ART V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE ..................................................................... 50 6.1. PRAŽSKÁ STREETARTOVÁ SCÉNA ......................................................................................................... 52 6.2. STREET ART V DALŠÍCH M ĚSTECH ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY ........................................................................... 62 6.3. GALERIE A VÝSTAVNÍ PROJEKTY ZAM ĚŘ ENÉ NA STREET ART ............................................................... 64 7. STREET ART – VANDALISMUS NEBO UM ĚNÍ?................................................. 69 7.1. STREET ART A REKLAMA ...................................................................................................................... 69 7.2. STREET ART A VÝTVARNÉ UM ĚNÍ ......................................................................................................... 72 7.2.1. Spole čné rysy street artu a výtvarného um ění.............................................................................. 72 7.2.2. Prezentace street artu ve výstavních prostorách........................................................................... 76 ZÁV ĚR ............................................................................................................................... 78 PŘÍLOHY .......................................................................................................................... 79 SLOVNÍK........................................................................................................................... 79 OBRAZOVÁ P ŘÍLOHA .................................................................................................. 80 SEZNAM VYOBRAZENÍ.............................................................................................. 106 SEZNAM LITERATURY .............................................................................................. 110 5 ÚVOD Dějiny um ění dvacátého století jsou zapln ěny řadou modernistických avantgard, které svými radikálními teoriemi a nekonven čními p řístupy posunuly tradi ční pojetí a vnímání um ěleckého díla. Um ělci hledali nové zp ůsoby vyjád ření a experimentovali s uznávaným systémem forem. Vedle d ěl uzav řených v prostorech galerií a muzeí se za čala objevovat tvorba, zasahující do krajiny a do m ěstského prost ředí. Přibližn ě v sedmdesátých letech dvacátého století vstoupilo do prostoru m ěsta graffiti, které ve řejnost v ětšinou vnímá jako vandalství, ale které se na druhou stranu stalo inspirací pro respektované um ělce. Sou částí p ředevším velkých m ěst se po celém sv ětě zhruba od konce devadesátých let stále čast ěji stávají streetartové intervence do ve řejného prostoru. Tento nový fenomén rychle vzbudil zna čnou pozornost a za řadil se mezi nejdiskutovan ější témata sou časného um ění. Diplomová práce se pokusí street art nejprve charakterizovat a nastínit jeho definici. Ačkoliv se práce již ve svém názvu soust ředí výhradn ě na problematiku street artu, je nevyhnutelné zmínit v ní také fenomén graffiti, který sice vzniku street artu předcházel, ale je s ním úzce sp řízn ěný. Komplikovaný vztah obou projev ů by mohl vnést řadu nejasností, a proto bude nezbytné jasn ě vymezit vzájemný pom ěr mezi graffiti a street artem hned na za čátku. Po charakteristice street artu následuje kapitola věnovaná historii street artu, jeho vzniku a vývoji. Vzhledem ke krátké existenci street artu je pom ěrn ě obtížné zmapovat historii tohoto fenoménu, jehož po čátky v ětšinou bývají dávány do souvislosti s graffiti. Protože street art je um ělecký projev, který není definován nám ětem ani technikou, bude diplomová práce prezentovat podoby street artu, se kterými se m ůžeme setkat nej čast ěji. Street art má v dnešní dob ě velký po čet sv ětov ě proslulých p ředstavitel ů a práce bude zahrnovat medailónky
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