Lecture 3 National Romanticism and Art Nouveau
Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889
C.L. Dutert and Victor Contamin, Galeries des Machines, Paris Universal Exposition of 1889
1 Semper’s “Four Elements of Architecture” (the mound, the hearth, the roof, the wall) versus Marc Antoine Laugier’s theory of the “primitive hut” as the origin for a rationalist theory of architecture based on structure
Wilhelm Bernatzik, Entrance to Paradise, Mistelbach bei Wien (Vienna), 1906
“Arlington Row” in Cotswold village of Bibury (17th c.); Webb’s Red House (1860); Voysey’s design for a cottage (1885); John Ruskin, decorated cusped Gothic window (1853)
2 E. W. Godwin, Brochure for “Art Furniture”, London, 1877
Hector Guimard, Castel Henriette, Sevres, 1899, with detail of window grate
“Modern Interior,” 1878, as featured in Jacob von Falke, Die Kunst im Hause [trans. as Art in the Home] (Boston, 1879), plate 30
3 Late 19th-century buffet in the “modern baroque style,” 1880; E.W. Godwin, Sideboard of ebonized wood and Japanese leather paper, 1867
Anonymous, Study for Interior Elevation of a Room, Munich, 1900
Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1892-93 view of street facade
4 Façade detail
Plan of ground floor and mezzanine
Plan and view of entry & vestibule showing mosaic floors
5 Victor Horta Tassel House, Brussels, view back toward entrance from reception hall, with plan of ground floor
Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, view of staircase
Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, detail of staircase column, compared to ornamental ironwork of Viollet-le-Duc from 1860s
6 Longitudinal section through Tassel House, with detail of staircase showing structural modifications due to construction in the Art Nouveau style
Horta Brass fittings, 1895-1905
Detail of staircase
7 Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, view of staircase
Main floor and second floor plans
Horta, Maison du Peuple (Belgian Socialist Party Headquarters), Brussels, 1899, street view
8 Poster advertising grand opening of the Maison du Peuple, Brussels, 1899
Horta, Maison du Peuple, ground floor plan, with ceiling structure notated
Horta, Maison du Peuple, section
9 Horta, Maison du Peuple, view of dining hall/cafe
Horta, Maison du Peuple, view of top-floor auditorium, with clerestory daylighting enabled by thin iron trusses in ceiling and balcony railings/ supports
Henry van de Velde, Interior of the Paris shop La Maison Moderne, designed for Julius Meier Graefe, 1898
10 The house of the 'Art Nouveau [of Sigfried] Bing' , Paris World’s Exhibition, 1900 Studio Vol. 20 June, July 1900, pp.164-180
Anti-academic art: Hermann Obrist, Design for a Memorial, Basel, Switzerland, 1892 (left); study of movement, 1893 (right)
August Endell, Elvira Photography Studio, Munich, 1897, exterior views
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Elvira Photography Studio, view of entrance hall
Elvira Photography Studio, view of staircase
12 Charles Rennie Mackintosh (w/ Margaret McDonald), Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04
Hill House plan of ground floor
View of Hill House entrance hall
13 Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04, master bedroom
Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04, master bedroom
Hill House, furniture in master bedroom
14 Furniture in Hill House master bedroom
Hill House, washstand
Mackintosh, competition drawing for “A House for a Friend of Art” , 1903, perspective view of music/reception room
15 Version of Mackintosh’s Music Room constructed in 2002 in Glasgow
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Mackintosh, chair design and fireplace design
16 Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903, and Willow Tea Room, Glasgow, Scotland, interior view, decorative wall panels, 1901
Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvritask, general view, 1903.
Karelian and Finnish national identity, awakened especially vis a vis conflicts w/Russia over the region of Karelia, stimulate Finnish idenitification with landscape, local roots, natural materials, craft traditions
Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvritask, elevation drawing and section elevation, 1900
17 Heinrich Tessenow, “Dwelling for the Simple Life,” Germany, 1905
CFA Voysey, “Perrycroft,” north elevation, 1893; below: Inglenook and gallery from “Blackwell,” by M.H. Baillie Scott, 1899
Henry Hobson Richardson, Ames Gate Lodge (1879-81) and Ames Memorial Library (1877-79), North Easton, MA
18 Wassily Kandinsky, Russian lawyer-turned-painter, “The Old Village,” 1903, painted in Munich, but thematizing Russian villages and folk traditions in a distinctive, individualistic style of painting
Mikalojus Ciurlionis, “A Fairy Tale of Kings,” 1909
Like the Finns and some Russians, the Baltic peoples (here a Lithuanian artist) identified with their local landscape and traditions in opposition to occupation by Czarist Russia
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19 Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvrittask, general view (recent view; original tower was destroyed by fire in 1922)
Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvrittask, site plan
Villa Hvrittask, view of garden front
20 Villa Hvrittask, view of entrance and gate tower
Villa Hvrittask, view of living room
Eliel Saarinen, Library at Suur Merijoki, 1903, Watercolor Interior View
21 Details from work of Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren
Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Finnish Exhibition Pavilion, Paris World’s Exhibition of 1900
The fusion of national representation with religious architectural motifs helps sacralize modern Finnish identity and fuse it with native building forms
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23 Alphonse Mucha (Czech, 1860– 1939), Brooch, ca. 1900 Manufacturer: Georges Fouquet; Gold, enamel, mother-of-pearl, opal, emerald, colored stones, gold paint
Vienna and surroundings
Late 19th century
Otto Wagner, author of 1894 textbook, Modern Architecture, redesigns Vienna’s infrastructure
24 Vienna 1st district bird’s eye view
Otto Wagner, Karlsplatz subway station entrance pavilion, 1896-1900 of dozens of different stations designed after he won a competition for expanding the system
Karlsplatz Station, entrance details and construction details
25 Wagner’s Post Office Savings Bank, 1904, near the Vienna Ringstrasse
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Sanatorium outside Vienna and site of Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902
26 Steinhof Sanatorium, outside Vienna, with Wagner church at top
Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902
Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902
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Joseph Maria Olbrich, Secession Building, Vienna, 1897-99, with Gustav Klimt
28 Joseph Maria Olbrich, Elevation for Villa Friedman, Ladies Sitting Room, 1902
“Der Zeit Ihre Kunst Der Kunst Ihre Freiheit
To the time its own art And to art its freedom
View of Vienna, with Gottfried Semper’s Court Theater in the foreground, directly on the Ringstrasse boulevard
29 Erik Gunnar Asplundh, Forest Chapel at Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm, Sweden, 1918-1920.
Erik Gunnar Asplundh, Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm, Sweden, 1918-1920.
Louis Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, Owatonna, Minnesota, 1908
30 Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, distant view
Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, exterior wall detail with tiles and terra cotta ornament
Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, lamps hung from iron wall bracket
31 Frieze detail
Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, postcard view of interior banking hall
Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, hanging chandelier
32 Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, second view of hanging chandelier
Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, ornaments above entrance on the interior
Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, stained glass window
33 Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, decorative painting on interior arch
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