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National Romanticism and Art Nouveau

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National Romanticism and Art Nouveau Lecture 3 National Romanticism and Art Nouveau Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889 C.L. Dutert and Victor Contamin, Galeries des Machines, Paris Universal Exposition of 1889 1 Semper’s “Four Elements of Architecture” (the mound, the hearth, the roof, the wall) versus Marc Antoine Laugier’s theory of the “primitive hut” as the origin for a rationalist theory of architecture based on structure Wilhelm Bernatzik, Entrance to Paradise, Mistelbach bei Wien (Vienna), 1906 “Arlington Row” in Cotswold village of Bibury (17th c.); Webb’s Red House (1860); Voysey’s design for a cottage (1885); John Ruskin, decorated cusped Gothic window (1853) 2 E. W. Godwin, Brochure for “Art Furniture”, London, 1877 Hector Guimard, Castel Henriette, Sevres, 1899, with detail of window grate “Modern Interior,” 1878, as featured in Jacob von Falke, Die Kunst im Hause [trans. as Art in the Home] (Boston, 1879), plate 30 3 Late 19th-century buffet in the “modern baroque style,” 1880; E.W. Godwin, Sideboard of ebonized wood and Japanese leather paper, 1867 Anonymous, Study for Interior Elevation of a Room, Munich, 1900 Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1892-93 view of street facade 4 Façade detail Plan of ground floor and mezzanine Plan and view of entry & vestibule showing mosaic floors 5 Victor Horta Tassel House, Brussels, view back toward entrance from reception hall, with plan of ground floor Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, view of staircase Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, detail of staircase column, compared to ornamental ironwork of Viollet-le-Duc from 1860s 6 Longitudinal section through Tassel House, with detail of staircase showing structural modifications due to construction in the Art Nouveau style Horta Brass fittings, 1895-1905 Detail of staircase 7 Victor Horta, Tassel House, 1893-95, view of staircase Main floor and second floor plans Horta, Maison du Peuple (Belgian Socialist Party Headquarters), Brussels, 1899, street view 8 Poster advertising grand opening of the Maison du Peuple, Brussels, 1899 Horta, Maison du Peuple, ground floor plan, with ceiling structure notated Horta, Maison du Peuple, section 9 Horta, Maison du Peuple, view of dining hall/cafe Horta, Maison du Peuple, view of top-floor auditorium, with clerestory daylighting enabled by thin iron trusses in ceiling and balcony railings/ supports Henry van de Velde, Interior of the Paris shop La Maison Moderne, designed for Julius Meier Graefe, 1898 10 The house of the 'Art Nouveau [of Sigfried] Bing' , Paris World’s Exhibition, 1900 Studio Vol. 20 June, July 1900, pp.164-180 Anti-academic art: Hermann Obrist, Design for a Memorial, Basel, Switzerland, 1892 (left); study of movement, 1893 (right) August Endell, Elvira Photography Studio, Munich, 1897, exterior views 11 . Elvira Photography Studio, view of entrance hall Elvira Photography Studio, view of staircase 12 Charles Rennie Mackintosh (w/ Margaret McDonald), Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04 Hill House plan of ground floor View of Hill House entrance hall 13 Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04, master bedroom Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903-04, master bedroom Hill House, furniture in master bedroom 14 Furniture in Hill House master bedroom Hill House, washstand Mackintosh, competition drawing for “A House for a Friend of Art” , 1903, perspective view of music/reception room 15 Version of Mackintosh’s Music Room constructed in 2002 in Glasgow . Mackintosh, chair design and fireplace design 16 Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Hill House, Helensburgh, Scotland, 1903, and Willow Tea Room, Glasgow, Scotland, interior view, decorative wall panels, 1901 Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvritask, general view, 1903. Karelian and Finnish national identity, awakened especially vis a vis conflicts w/Russia over the region of Karelia, stimulate Finnish idenitification with landscape, local roots, natural materials, craft traditions Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvritask, elevation drawing and section elevation, 1900 17 Heinrich Tessenow, “Dwelling for the Simple Life,” Germany, 1905 CFA Voysey, “Perrycroft,” north elevation, 1893; below: Inglenook and gallery from “Blackwell,” by M.H. Baillie Scott, 1899 Henry Hobson Richardson, Ames Gate Lodge (1879-81) and Ames Memorial Library (1877-79), North Easton, MA 18 Wassily Kandinsky, Russian lawyer-turned-painter, “The Old Village,” 1903, painted in Munich, but thematizing Russian villages and folk traditions in a distinctive, individualistic style of painting Mikalojus Ciurlionis, “A Fairy Tale of Kings,” 1909 Like the Finns and some Russians, the Baltic peoples (here a Lithuanian artist) identified with their local landscape and traditions in opposition to occupation by Czarist Russia . 19 Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvrittask, general view (recent view; original tower was destroyed by fire in 1922) Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Villa Hvrittask, site plan Villa Hvrittask, view of garden front 20 Villa Hvrittask, view of entrance and gate tower Villa Hvrittask, view of living room Eliel Saarinen, Library at Suur Merijoki, 1903, Watercolor Interior View 21 Details from work of Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren Saarinen, Gesellius, and Lindgren, Finnish Exhibition Pavilion, Paris World’s Exhibition of 1900 The fusion of national representation with religious architectural motifs helps sacralize modern Finnish identity and fuse it with native building forms . 22 . 23 Alphonse Mucha (Czech, 1860– 1939), Brooch, ca. 1900 Manufacturer: Georges Fouquet; Gold, enamel, mother-of-pearl, opal, emerald, colored stones, gold paint Vienna and surroundings Late 19th century Otto Wagner, author of 1894 textbook, Modern Architecture, redesigns Vienna’s infrastructure 24 Vienna 1st district bird’s eye view Otto Wagner, Karlsplatz subway station entrance pavilion, 1896-1900 of dozens of different stations designed after he won a competition for expanding the system Karlsplatz Station, entrance details and construction details 25 Wagner’s Post Office Savings Bank, 1904, near the Vienna Ringstrasse . Sanatorium outside Vienna and site of Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902 26 Steinhof Sanatorium, outside Vienna, with Wagner church at top Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902 Otto Wagner, Church am Steinhof, Vienna, 1902 27 . Joseph Maria Olbrich, Secession Building, Vienna, 1897-99, with Gustav Klimt 28 Joseph Maria Olbrich, Elevation for Villa Friedman, Ladies Sitting Room, 1902 “Der Zeit Ihre Kunst Der Kunst Ihre Freiheit To the time its own art And to art its freedom View of Vienna, with Gottfried Semper’s Court Theater in the foreground, directly on the Ringstrasse boulevard 29 Erik Gunnar Asplundh, Forest Chapel at Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm, Sweden, 1918-1920. Erik Gunnar Asplundh, Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm, Sweden, 1918-1920. Louis Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, Owatonna, Minnesota, 1908 30 Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, distant view Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, exterior wall detail with tiles and terra cotta ornament Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, lamps hung from iron wall bracket 31 Frieze detail Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, postcard view of interior banking hall Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, hanging chandelier 32 Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, second view of hanging chandelier Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, ornaments above entrance on the interior Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, stained glass window 33 Sullivan, National Farmers’ Bank, decorative painting on interior arch 34.
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