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CHKO Broumovsko) ACTA MUSEI REGINAEHRADECENSIS S. A., 34 (2014): 155-158 ISBN: 978-80-87686-03-4 Příspěvek k poznání některých čeledí dvoukřídlých (Diptera) v lomu Rožmitál (CHKO Broumovsko) Contribution to the knowledge of some families of Diptera in the Rožmitál quarry (Czech Republic, Northeast Bohemia, Broumovsko Protected Landscape Area) Bohuslav Mocek 1, 2) 1) Muzeum Východních Čech v Hradci Králové, Eliščino nabřeží 465, CZ – 500 01, Hradec Králové, e-mail: [email protected] 2) Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Hradec Králové, centrum interdisciplinárního výzkumu, Rokitanského 62, CZ – 500 03, Hradec Králové Abstract: The list of 117 species of Diptera of 23 families is the main content of the article. This part of the material collected in the years 2000 – 2014 was determi- ned. The fauna of Diptera comprises meadow, wetland and forest species. Xylomya maculata (family Xylomyidae) is the most important find. This species is bound on original beech forests with old trees (relict species) and was published as new for Bohemia (MOCEK & MIKÁT 2010). Key words: Diptera, faunistics, Rožmitál quarry, Broumovsko PLA, Northeast Bohemia, Czech Republic ÚVOD severního lomu), převažuje jihozápadní sklon terénu směrem do Broumovské kotliny. Průzkum entomofauny v roce 2000 a letech 2008 a 2009 Z geologického hlediska patří území lokality k sedimen- byl součástí širšího biologického průzkumu pro účely po- tárně eruptivnímu komplexu hornin, který je součástí vnitro- souzení vlivu postupující těžby do 2. ochranné zóny CHKO sudetské pánve. Geologický podklad tvoří melafyry a tufy. Broumovsko a projekt ekologické obnovy vrchu Homole po Klimaticky leží území na rozhraní oblastí mírně teplé ukončení těžby (SAMKOVÁ & kol. 2000, MOCEK & kol. (MT2) a chladné (CH7) (QUITT 1970). Průměrná roční 2009). Terénní metody sběru byly zaměřeny především na teplota je 7,2 °C, průměrný roční úhrn srážek činí cca 850 mm řády motýlů (Lepidoptera) a brouků (Coleoptera), autorem (ŽID 1999, BRANDA 1998). Mikroklimatické podmínky byly sbírány smykem a individuálním odchytem i některé lomu a okolí jsou ovlivněny převládající jižní a jihozápadní čeledi řádu dvoukřídlých, množství exemplářů dvoukřídlých expozicí lomových stěn akumulujících teplo, proto má lom bylo odloveno do odchytových zařízení (Malaiseho pasti, celkově teplejší mikroklima a uplatňuje se zde inverzní Moerickeho misky). V průběhu průzkumu byla preparovaná efekt. a specialisty z ČR do druhové úrovně determinovaná dosud Podle biogeografického členění ČR náleží studované území malá část sběrů v počtu asi 1500 exemplářů. Zpracování do provincie středoevropských listnatých lesů, podprovincie seznamu dosud determinovaných druhů přináší cenné fau- hercynské, biogeografického regionu 1.38. – Broumovský nistické údaje o fauně dvoukřídlých z oblasti Broumovska, (CULEK 1996). odkud nebyly zatím ve větší míře publikovány. Podle fytogeografického členění spadá území do fytogeografické oblasti mezofytikum (Mesophyticum), fytogeografického obvodu Českomoravské mezofytikum CHARAKTERISTIKA ZKOUMANÉHO Ú ZEMÍ (Mesophyticum Massivi bohemici), fytogeografického okre- su Sudetské mezihoří, podokresu Javoří hory (SKALICKÝ Území lomu Rožmitál a jeho okolí jsou podrobněji 1988). Podle výškového členění je území zahrnuto do popsány v příspěvku shrnujícím výsledky průzkumu bota- stupně submontánního. Na mapě potenciální přirozené nických a zoologických skupin publikačně zpracovaných vegetace (NEUHÄUSLOVÁ & et al. 1998) jsou ve zkou- v monotématickém čísle tohoto časopisu (MOCEK 2014). maném území vymapovány bučiny s kyčelnicí devítilistou Charakteristika zájmového území je zde proto omezena na (Dentaria enneaphylli–Fagetum OBERDORFER ex W. et základní informace. A. MATUSZKIEWICZ 1960). Floristicky zpracovala území Studované území se nachází na jihozápadních svazích SAMKOVÁ (2014). Javořích hor, asi 4,5 – 5 km SSV od středu města Broumova, Zoogeograficky náleží lokalita k provincii listnatých lesů v katastrálním území Rožmitál. Lokalita spadá do Chráněné (BUCHAR 1983) a leží v kvadrantu 5364c středoevropské krajinné oblasti Broumovsko. Lom leží na severním okraji sítě pro faunistické mapování (PRUNER & MÍKA 1996). osady Rožmitál na západním úpatí vrchu Homole (541,4 m) v údolí horního toku Rožmitálského potoka, pravostranného Podstatnou část prostoru v severozápadní části areálu přítoku Černého potoka ústícího do říčky Stěnavy. Nadmořská kamenolomu tvoří jáma aktivního lomu (cca 200 x 200 m), výška se pohybuje mezi 500 m n. m. (údolí potoka na jižním obklopená ze tří stran lomovými stěnami, její dno je v sou- okraji areálu kamenolomu) a 575 m n.m. (okraj lomové hrany časnosti téměř bez vegetace. Nad lomovými stěnami severně 155 (severozápadně) od lomu se nachází na hraně poslední etáže Se z n a m z j i š t ě n ý c h d r u h ů pás bezlesí. V letech 2000 až 2003 měl pás charakter kamenité stráně s xerotermní bylinnou vegetací na původním substrátu, Materiál dvoukřídlých byl vyhodnocen jen částečně, řada na který severně navazoval fragment klenové bučiny, (střed čeledí nebyla dosud do druhů determinována. Na determinaci 50°37‘06.70‘‘N, 16°22‘10.00‘‘E), odkud pochází značná část se podílela řada specialistů z různých institucí (uvedeno sběrů dvoukřídlých z roku 2000. V roce 2003 byl les smýcen u jednotlivých čeledí). Systém a nomenklatura jsou podle a po skrývce svrchních vrstev půdy se zde vytvořila dočasně elektronické verze seznamu českých a slovenských dvou- sekundární, velmi řídce zapojená xerofilní společenstva, křídlých (Checklist of Diptera of the Czech and Slovakia) jejichž poloha a rozsah se mění s postupující těžbou. (JEDLIČKA & kol. 2009). Severně a severozápadně k horní hraně lomu přiléhá Exempláře jsou uloženy ve sbírce Muzea východních lesní komplex zasahující na Dlouhý vrch a Cikánský kopec. Čech v Hradci Králové (coll. RMHK). Převažují zde jehličnaté (převážně smrkové) a smíšené porosty s enklávami listnáčů, světliny a paseky, na Dlouhém vrchu Použité zkratky: i rozsáhlé holiny po větrné kalamitě. Nejhodnotnějším poros- RL: druh je zařazen v Červeném seznamu bezobratlých ČR tem v tomto prostoru je klenová bučina (střed 50°37‘22.50‘‘N, (FARKAČ & kol. 2005): 16°21‘54.00‘‘E) na západním svahu Cikánského kopce. Jde VU – v kategorii zranitelný (vulnerable) o starší zachovalý porost s převažujícími kleny (Acer pseudo- CR – v kategorii kriticky ohrožený (critically endangered). platanus) a buky (Fagus silvatica), na vlhčích místech rostou K: Viz komentář i olše (Alnus glutinosa), v porostu se řídce nacházejí i stojící torza, zlomy a duté stromy. LIMONIIDAE (det. J. Starý) Kromě raně sukcesních stanovišť s xerothermní by- Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) mitis (Meigen, 1830) linnou vegetací jsou v areálu lomu zastoupena ruderální Epiphragma ocellare (Linnaeus, 1761) společenstva, zejména na západním, jižním a východním Limonia flavipes (Fabricious, 1787) okraji aktivního lomu, kde je deponován materiál ze skrývek Limonia nigropunctata (Schummel, 1829) (odvaly), postupně zarůstající bylinnou vegetací a náletovými Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818 dřevinami. Východní části lomového areálu dominuje z části odtěžený PEDICIIDAE (det. J. Martinovský ) vrch Homole (báze 502,5 m, vrchol 549 m n. m.), v současnost Tricyphona immaculata (Meigen, 1804) po ukončení těžby citlivě rekultivován s ponecháním skalních stupňů. Na úpatí Homole jsou dvě udržovaná jezírka, kde CYLINDROTOMIDAE (det. J. Martinovský) jsou záměrně potlačovány sukcesní změny (odstraňování Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) sedimentu a části vegetace). Západní a východní okraj lomového areálu je lemován TIPULIDAE (det. J. Starý) pásy listnatých dřevin a křovin, sever je ohraničen lesním Tipula (Lunatipula) fascipennis Meigen, 1818 komplexem. V jihozápadní části lomového areálu se nacháze- Tipula (Pterelachisus) pabulina Meigen, 1818 jí svahové xerofilní (malé plošky na kamenitých výchozech), Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudovariipennis Czižek, 1912 mezofilní až vlhké luční porosty. Tipula (Vestiplex) hortorum Linnaeus, 1758 Mapa území viz obr. 1-1, 1-2 v barevné příloze. RHAGIONIDAE (det. B. Mocek) Chrysophilus auratus (Fabricius, 1805) METODIKA A MATERIÁL XYLOMYIDAE (det. B. Mocek) Dosud determinovaný materiál dvoukřídlých byl získán Xylomya maculata (Meigen,1804) – RL (CR); K převážně v roce 2000 smýkáním a individuálním odchytem imag, především na okraji lesního porostu v severní části lomu. STRATIOMYIDAE (det. R. Rozkošný) Část determinovaných exemplářů byla autorem vytříděna Beris geniculata Curtis, 1830 a převedena na exikátové preparáty ze vzorků Malaiseho pasti Beris chalybata (Forter, 1771) a „žlutých misek“ (Moerickeho pasti) z roku 2000, v menší Beris morrisi Dale, 1841 míře v roce 2008. Past byla exponována v roce 2000 od Beris strobli Dušek et Rozkošný, 1968 20. dubna do 10. října v okraji fragmentu klenové bučiny Chloromyia formosa (Scopoli, 1763) (50°37‘06.70‘‘N, 16°22‘10.00‘‘E), který později ustoupil další Microchrysa cyaneiventris (Zetterstedt 1842) těžbě. V roce 2008 byla instalována od 14. května do 25. září Microchrysa polita (Linnaeus, 1758) na horní hraně aktivního lomu (50°37´06,8“N, 16°22´13,6“E), Odontomyia tigrina (Fabricius, 1775) kde se na štěrkovitém a kamenitém podloží vytvořila sekundár- Pachygaster atra (Panzer, 1798) ní xerofilní společenstva. (viz obr. 24-5 v barevné příloze) Malaiseho pasti byly vybírány přibližně 1x za 14 dní, BOMBYLIIDAE (det. B. Mocek) v závěru vegetační sezóny v delším intervalu (20-25 dní). Bombylius major Linnaeus, 1758 Žluté misky byly exponovány pouze v roce 2000. Umisťovány byly na povrch půdy ve dvou liniích po 10
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