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Safety in the Chemical Laboratory

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Safety in the Chemical Laboratory Safety in the Chemical Laboratory Prelab Assignment Read the entire laboratory write up including the “Laboratory Safety Rules”. Write an objective and answer the following questions in your laboratory notebook before coming to the lab. On a separate page in your laboratory notebook make blank tables for the data that will be collected in lab. Have the prelab assignment (the objective, hazards, and answers to the prelab questions) ready to be checked at the beginning of lab. Read the entire laboratory write up before answering these questions. 1. When do you notify the instructor if there is an accident, injury, or spill? 2. When should you taste chemicals in the laboratory? 3. How do you dispose of used or excess chemicals? 4. When are safety glasses or goggles required in the lab? 5. Why is a clean, neat lab necessary? 6. How much of a chemical should you take from the container? 7. Describe appropriate laboratory attire. 8. When are food and beverages allowed in the lab? 9. When should you work on a lab you particularly want to do on your own? 10. What will happen if you violate any of the safety rules discussed in class? Introduction In this experiment, you will investigate situations related to safety in the chemistry laboratory. Write detailed and explicit notes of your observations in your lab notebook, following the format listed below. The investigations do not need to be done in the order they are presented here. I. For sections A-I below, write in your laboratory notebook: 1. the question you are answering, 2. the method or procedures you used to answer the question (you can say the procedure was a class discussion), 3. your observations (Record exactly what you see, hear, smell, feel, etc. Remember the physical properties and list of observations that indicate a chemical change has occurred that we discussed in lecture.), and 4. answer any questions asked in each section. A. Where is “away?” We will discuss this as a class. Imagine that you have to dispose of the following toxic materials. Trace the fate (where it ends up) of each: A liquid – a highly infectious agent – poured down the drain, A solid – a mercury-containing battery – in the trash, and A gas – the chemical warfare agent, mustard gas – released into the air. Why should you never dispose of chemical waste down the sink or in the trash without first consulting your instructor about the chemical’s proper disposal? B. How does acid affect protein? Materials: Petri dish or watch glass, egg, nitric acid Crack an egg into a Petri dish or watch glass without breaking the yolk. Place a few drops of acid on the egg and observe the egg for a few minutes. Be careful not to get any of the acid on your hands. Cleanup: Discard the egg in the appropriate container. Wash the watch glass and your hands. C. What safety equipment is in the room that you and I need to know about? Make a map of the laboratory and the hallway with the location of the following: o Fire alarm pulls, o Emergency shower, o Eye wash, o Fire blanket, and o First aid kit. Discuss as a class how to use each of the items listed above and record the answers in your notebooks. D. How do chemicals enter your body? Imagine that a terrorist is out to poison you. List at least three ways that the poison could enter your body (they must be unique; for example, eating and drinking are the same route). E. How do chemicals affect fabric? Materials: watch glasses, nitric acid, strips of fabric Lay a strip of each fabric on a watch glass. Place several drops of acid on each fabric strip; wait at least 5 minutes and observe what happens. Be careful not to get any acid on your skin. Clean up: Discard fabric in the trash, wash your hands and the lab bench. F. Where is the fire extinguisher and how do you use it? Examine the fire extinguisher(s) and read the label(s); describe the types of fires the extinguisher(s) can put out and how to use them. Return the extinguisher(s) to their original location(s). G. Why should you and I not eat in the lab? Why should you and I wash our hands before we leave the lab? Discuss these as a class and record your answers in writing. H. What is the procedure for evacuation of the laboratory? Look at the layout of the room; find the exits and make a map of the room with arrows to indicate the safest escape route from each part of the room. Also note the closest “safe” area to evacuate to when leaving the building in an emergency. I. How does clutter in the lab affect transit time? Suppose you splash acid in your eye while in the farthest part of the room and you need to go to an eyewash station. Determine the time it takes to walk calmly to the eyewash station when the path is clear. Now clutter the path with backpacks, chairs, etc. and measure the same transit time. Cleanup: Unclutter the path in the room. Lab Safety Rules 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory. 2. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a direction or part of a procedure, ASK YOUR TEACHER BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE ACTIVITY. 3. Never work alone in the laboratory. No student may work in any chemistry laboratory without the presence of the teacher. 4. When first entering a laboratory, do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are instructed to do so. 5. Perform only those experiments authorized by your teacher. Carefully follow all instructions, both written and oral. Unauthorized experiments are not allowed. 6. Never eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. Do not bring food or beverages into the laboratory. Do not use laboratory glassware as containers for food or beverages. You may inadvertently ingest toxic compounds. 7. Be prepared for your work in the laboratory. Read all procedures thoroughly before entering the laboratory. Never fool around in the laboratory. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited. 8. Observe good housekeeping practices. Work areas should be kept clean and tidy at all times. Untidy or cluttered floors and/or lab benches may cause spills and make evacuating the lab difficult. Clean all materials used and the laboratory area after each lab. 9. Be alert and proceed with caution at all times in the laboratory. Notify the teacher immediately of any unsafe conditions you observe. 10. Dispose of all chemical waste properly. Sinks are to be used only for water. Check with your teacher for disposal of chemicals and solutions. 11. Labels and equipment instructions must be read carefully before use. Set up and use the equipment as directed by your teacher. Always properly label any solutions you make. 12. Keep hands away from face, eyes, mouth, and body while using chemicals or lab equipment. Wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments. 13. Experiments must be personally monitored at all times. Do not wander around the room, distract other students, startle other students or interfere with the laboratory experiments of others. 14. Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment including: first aid kit(s), and fire extinguisher. Know where the fire alarm and the exits are located. 16. Dress properly during a laboratory activity. SAFETY GLASSES MUST BE WORN AT ALL TIMES. Long hair, dangling jewelry, and loose or baggy clothing are a hazard in the laboratory. Long hair must be tied back, and dangling jewelry and baggy clothing must be secured. Shoes must completely cover the foot. No sandals allowed in the lab. 17. Report any accident (spill, breakage, etc.) or injury (cut, burn, etc.) to the teacher immediately, no matter how trivial it seems. 18. If you spill a chemical notify your instructor immediately. If a chemical contacts your skill, wash the area thoroughly with cold water and notify your instructor immediately. 19. All chemicals in the laboratory are to be considered dangerous. Avoid handling chemicals with fingers. When making an observation, keep at least 1 foot away from the specimen. Do not taste, or smell any chemicals. 20. Check the label on all chemical bottles twice before removing any of the contents. Take only as much chemical as you need. 21. Never return unused chemicals to their original container. This may contaminate the entire container of chemical. 22. Never remove chemicals or other materials from the laboratory area. 23. Never handle broken glass with your bare hands. Use a brush and dustpan to clean up broken glass. Place broken glass in the designated glass disposal container. 24. Examine glassware before each use. Never use chipped, cracked, or dirty glassware. 25. If you do not understand how to use a piece of equipment, ASK THE TEACHER FOR HELP! 26. Use of a hot plate or Bunsen burner is only allowed in the presence of the teacher. 27. Heated glassware remains very hot for a long time. It should be set aside in a designated place to cool, and picked up with caution. Use tongs or heat protective gloves if necessary. 28. Never lean over and/or look into a container that is being heated. Failure to follow any of the rules listed above may result in serious injury and will result in being asked to leave the laboratory with no opportunity for making up the lab.
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