Ahn, Byung-Mu, 240–1 Ahn, Chang

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Ahn, Byung-mu, 240–1 Bang, Ji-il, 285 Ahn, Chang-ho, 97, 117, 123, 127–8, 146, Baptist churches, 102, 171, 279, 309 154, 319 Baptists, 22, 111, 171, 200, 214, 240, 248, Ahn, Geong-geun, 126 290, 302 Ahn, Hak-man, 127 Benedictines, 115–16, 131, 143, 145, 155, 167, Ahn, Ik-tae, 179 172, 193 Ahn, Jeong-bok, 24 Berneux, Siméon-Françoise, 43, 45–6, 60 Ahn, Jeong-geun, 126 Bible Christianity, 88, 115, 142, 148, 212, 227, Ahn, Jung-geun, 99–100, 127, 171 229, 277 Ahn, Myeong-geun, 112 Bible Society Ahn, Sang-jin, 45, 297 American Bible Society, 57 AKCSNA (Association of Korean British and Foreign Bible Society, 56, 115 Christian Scholars in North America), Korean Bible Society, 154, 171, 182, 280 260, 267, 321 National Bible Society of Scotland, 55–6 Allen, Horace Newton, 62–3, 65, 66, 89, Bible Women, 67, 76–7, 87, 104, 106, 137–8, 92, 224 184, 216, ancestor veneration, 11, 26–7, 45, 75, 133, Billy Graham Crusade, 220, 222, 229 147, 209, 214, 296, 314 Blair, William, 94 ancestors, 8, 27–8, 31, 150, 152, 171, 196 Bongsu Church, 264–5, 271 Anglican Church, 73, 109, 201, 289 Buddhism, 1, 20, 22–4, 26, 30–1, 57, 66, 71, Anglicans, 4–5, 72, 100–1, 144, 201, 211, 219, 73, 85, 95, 109, 115, 142, 164, 196, 205, 234, 250, 290, 350 214, 274, 282, 291, 295–8 anti-Communism, 165, 169–71, 174, 177, Popular, 8, 50–1, 53–4 179, 186–7, 189, 198, 212, 220–1, 231–2, Buddhists, 8–9, 18–19, 43, 48, 101, 109, 114, 245, 267 120, 128, 167, 178, 207, 214, 251, 256, Appenzeller, Henry G., 64, 66–9, 101 274, 276, 278, 286, 291, 296 Assemblies of God, 204, 214, 228, 278–9, 309 Byeon, Seon-hwan, 214 Australian Presbyterian mission, 72, 115, Byeong-in persecution, 45, 48 199, 236 Byeong-o persecution, 42 Byun, Joon-chang, 324 Baek, Hong-jun, 58, 66 Baeron, 34, 43, 61 Canadian Presbyterian mission, 89, 197, 199 seminary (St Joseph’s), 43, 61 Canadian student mission, 72

355

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356 Index

Catholic Bishops’ Conference, 231, 236, Confucianism, 1, 7–13, 17–19, 20, 22–8, 286–8, 291, 295, 313–14 30–2, 36–7, 39, 41, 43, 45, 50–2, 61, Catholic College, 192 69–70, 73, 75–6, 79–85, 87–8, 109, 114, CCC (Campus Crusade for Christ), 221–2, 138–9, 142–3, 152, 196, 205, 208, 210, 269, 350 212–13, 218, 228, 257, 274, 287, 295–7 CCF (Choso˘n Christian Federation), 165–7, see also neo-Confucianism 256–7, 259–61, 269–72, 279, 336 Confucianists, 53, 69, 95, 101, 150, 167, 177 CCK (Christian Council of Korea), 170, Cooper, Cecil, 144, 201 267, 269, 280, 282, 299 Corea Gate, 16, 56 Chae, Je-gong, 24, 27 CPAJ (Catholic Priests’ Association for Chaebol, 186, 217, 226 Justice), 243, 267, 293 Chang, Myon (Jang Myeon), 131, 169, CRS (Catholic Relief Services), 183, 192–3 177–8, 187–8, 207, 238 Cultural Policy, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 146 Changhyeon Church, 237–8 CWS (Church World Service), 183 Cheoljong, King, 45 Cynn, Hugh, see Shin, Hyeung-u Cheondogyo, 109, 119–20, 123–5, 196, 256 Cheong, In-gwa, 128 Dallet, Charles, 2, 51 Cheong, Jin-seok, 286–7 Dangun, 9, 101, 109, 120, 125, 141, 147, 178, Cheonju Gonggyeongga, 20 196, 213–14, 257, 298–9 Cheonju Silui, 17 Dasan, 21, 26, 30 Chi, Hak-soon, 242–3, 265 Daveluy, Marie-Antoine-Nicholas, 43, 51 Chilgeuk, 17 Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), 185, 222, 264, 322 Chilgol Church, 162, 265 Deokwon Abbey, 131, 144, 158, 164, 166–7, Cho, Kwang, 24–7, 29, 34, 36, 52–3 193, 213, 288 Cho, Man-sik, 116, 123, 135, 146, 162–4 diaspora churches, 123, 159, 232, 304 Cho, Yong-gi, 203, 212, 217–18, 228, 280, 299 communities, 5, 117, 300, 304, 306 Choi, Bang-je, 39, 41 DMZ (Demilitarized Zone), 185, 222, 264 Choi, Byeung-hyeun, 101, 213 Donghak, 78, 82, 246, 257 Choi, Chang-mou, 265 movement, 44, 58, 79, 109, 240, Choi, Jae-sun, 313 Dongnip Hyeophoe, 81 Choi, Je-u, 44, 317 Dongnip Sinmun, 69, 81 Choi, Ki-man, 306 Dowager Queen Cho, 46 Choi, Nam-seon, 128, 192, 120 Dowager Queen Kim, 32 Choi, Yang-eop, 39, 41–3, 71 Christian Socialist Democratic Party, 163 Eonhaeng Sillok, 25, 317 Chun, Doo-hwan, 223, 234, 248, 254 evangelicalism, 228 Chung, Hyun-kyung, 255, 291 conservative, 174, 200 Chung, Jin-kyung, 230 revivalist, 305 Chungdong Church, 67, 101, 122, 170, 177 evangelicals, 6, 70, 199, 230, 269, 274–5, 278 Chunghyeon Church, 233, 243 Ewha School/College/University, 8, 121–2, Chungshin Girls’ School, 69 138, 191, 219, 225, 279, 295 Church of Christ, 170, 202 Church of the Nazarene, 171, 202 FBO (Faith-Based Organisation), Columban Fathers, 145, 155, 171–2, 193 269–70, 280 comity agreement, 72, 103 Ferréol, Jean Joseph, 43

Index 357

folk Christianity, 213, 277 Hong, Nak-eon, 24, 27 Fundamentalism (fundamentalists), 63, 149, Hong, Taek-gi, 152, 161 200, 208 Hulbert, Homer, 80, 92 Hwang, Sa-yeong, 34–5, 40, 43 Gabo gyeungjang (reforms), 79, 109 Baekseo, 35, 333 Gale, James S., 68, 141 Hyeopseonghoe, 80 Gapsin Jeongbyeon (Coup), 62, 72 gibok sinang, 139–40, 142, 212, 217, 219, Imbert, Laurent Marie Joseph, 38, 40 228–9, 277 Gihae persecution, 39–41, 48 Jang, In-hwan, 99 Gil, Jin-gyeong, 122, 232 Jang, Jae-cheol, 265 Gil, Seon-ju, 85, 89, 94, 96, 98, 103, 113, Jangdaehyeon Church, 85, 94, 96, 103 119–20, 122–3, 135–6, 141 Jeamni, 124–5, 215 Gojong, King/Emperor, 49, 62–3, 71, 80, Jeon, Deok-gi, 67, 89, 97 92, 98, 120, 224 Jeon, Tae-il, 237–8, 240 Goryeo, 8–9 Jeong, Do-ryang, 18 Gouvea, Alexandre de, 21, 25–8, 37 Jeong, Gyeong-ok, 147, 201 Graham, Billy, 189, 224, 272, 309 Jeong, Ha-sang, 29, 37–8, 41 Gützlaff, Karl, A. F., 55, 202 Jeong, Nam-soo, 171, 202 Gwangju Democratization Movement, 234, Jeong, Yak-jeon, 20–1, 27 249–50, 255 Jeong, Yak-jong, 30–2, 37, 40 Gwon (Vincent), 15, 22, 27–8 Jeong, Yak-yong, 21, 27 Gwon, Cheol-sin, 22, 27, 37 Jeonggamrok, 18, 88, 205 Gwon, Il-sin, 22, 27, 36 Jibong Yuseol, 16 JOC (Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne), 210, Ham, Sok-hon, 107, 163, 213–14, 245 236–7 Ham, Tae-yeong, 178 Joseon Gyodan, 156, 159, 279 Han, Chul-ha, 306 Joseon Seminary, 150, 161, 173, 175–6, 197–8 Han, Kyung-chik, 163, 173, 176, 179, 189, Ju, Gi-cheol, 152–3, 160, 224 191, 197, 200, 212, 215, 222–3, 230, 249, Juche, 193, 196, 256–7 257, 267–8 Juche-Kimilsungism, 195, 257, 259, 261, 268 Han, Seok-jin, 103–4, 132 philosophy, 193, 207, 256, 260–1, 267 Haneulnim, 101 Jueosa, 20–3 Haneunim, 44, 211 Jugyo Yoji, 30–1 Haneunim/Hananim, 44, 57–8, 100–1, 106, 205 Kang, Ban-seok, 162 Hapdong denomination, 199–200, 279–81, Kang, Wan-suk (Columba), 29–30, 34 290, 309 Kang, Won-yong, 235, 242, 297 Hardie, R. A., 93, 142, 147 Kang, Yeong-seop, 270–1 Heungseon Daewongun (Grand Prince Kijang denomination, 175, 198, 200, 235, Heungseon), 45–9, 56, 71, 80 242–3, 250, 254, 290, 293–4 Holiness churches, 103, 140, 153, 170–1, 185, Kim, Beom-u, 23–4, 26, 61 188, 200, 214, 230 Kim, Byong-suh, 188–90, 225–7, 284 movement, 93, 102, 228 Kim, Byoung-lo, 194 Hong, Hyeon-seol, 219, 232 Kim, Chang-sik, 102

358 Index

Kim, Cheong-song, 58 Kumnan Church, 281 Kim, Chi-ha, 192, 240, 242–3, 247 Kwak, Sun-hee, 281 Kim, Dae-geon, 39, 41 Kim, Dae-jung, 238, 246, 249, 251, 253–4, Lee, Beom-seong, 346 272, 274, 290 Lee, Cheon-hwan, 232 Kim, Gu, 162, 169–70, 177 Lee, Chul-shin, 268 Kim, Gyo-sin, 133 Lee, Graham, 94 Kim, Gyu-sik, 119, 127, 133, 162, 169–70, 177 Lee, Myung-bak, 281, 290, 298 Kim, Hong-do, 281 Lee, Myung-bak, 281, 298 Kim, Hui-jun (Mark), 73, 110 Lee, Seong-bong, 153, 171, 188, 203, 265 Kim, Hui-jun (Luke), 110 Lee, Yeon-ok, 238 Kim, Hwal-ran, 130, 138, 155, 184, 191, 219, Lee, Young-hoon, 203 232, 281 Lim, Su-kyung, 266 Kim, Il-sung, 126, 162–3, 165–7, 193–6, 223, 256–8, 266–7, 270–2 MacIntyre, John, 56 Kim, Jae-jun, 149–50, 173, 175, 188, 197, 201, Maclay, Robert S., 62, 66 215, 235 March 1st Independence Movement, 119, Kim, Jang-hwan, 274 122–6, 129, 132, 141, 163, 195, 212, 240, 245 Kim, Jong-il, 196, 256, 265, 267 martyrdom, 36, 48, 50, 84, 153, 177, 241 Kim, Joon-gon, 221, 223, 231–3 martyrs, 3, 15, 24, 27, 36–7, 40, 48–51, 53, 55, Kim, Ok-kyun, 62 61, 70–1, 131–2, 169, 209–10, 223–4, Kim, Sam-whan, 281 242, 288, 314 Kim, Seong-hye, 204, 219 Maryknoll Fathers, 131, 144, 172, 177, 193, Kim, Seong-su, 129, 136, 170 233, 235 Kim, Seong-yong, 248–9 Maryknoll Sisters, 131, 145, 183, 295 Kim, Song-su, 290 McKenzie, William J., 72, 82 Kim, Sou-hwan, 184, 211, 223–4, 235–6, megachurches, 173, 217–19, 226, 281, 283, 238–40, 242, 248, 251, 253–5, 266, 285, 292 286, 297 Methodist churches, 67–8, 72, 93–4, 102, Kim, Sun-do, 281 105, 111, 114, 118, 124, 130, 137, 140, 145, Kim, Yang-sun, 2, 151–4, 156, 160–1 149, 187, 214, 254, 279, 281, 309 Kim, Yeon-i, 29, 34 Methodist seminary, 101, 128, 147, 160, 200, Kim, Yong-bock, 242, 293 219, 232 Kim, Young-sam, 243, 246, 251, 253, 264, Methodists, 4, 65, 67, 69, 72–3, 75, 80, 85, 274, 290, 292 87, 89, 100, 102–4, 120, 137, 144–9, Kim, Yu-sun, 160 151–3, 160, 172, 185, 188–9, 191, 200, Koh, Gi-joon, 259, 261 214, 230, 261, 294 Korean Pentecost, 95, 225 Min, Yeong-ik, 62 Korean War, 5, 7, 61, 167, 171, 181, 183–5, 188, minjung, 6, 135, 234, 239–41, 255, 258, 261, 192–3, 195, 198, 201–5 267, 291 Koshin denomination, 197–8, 200, 290 activists, 290, 305 KSCF (Korean Student Christian art, 247 Fellowship), 237, 242 churches, 240, 250, 277, 284 KSCM (Korean Student Christian movement, 240, 250 Movement), 215, 221, 237 theology, 234, 239–41, 254–5, 277

Index 359

Mireuk, 8, 18 Orthodox churches, 4, 16, 88, 110, 167, 201, Moffett, Samuel A., 68, 83 225, 265, 289 Moon, Gyu-hyeon, 266 Osan School, 99, 116, 213 Moon, Ik-hwan, 245, 251, 266 Moon, Seon-myeong (Sun Myung Paichai School, 69, 80–1, 86 Moon), 206 Paik, Lak-geoon (Lakgeoon George Paik), 2, mudang, 9, 78 147, 155, 191, 235 Mutel, Gustave-Charles-Marie, 70–1, 90, Paris Mission (Société des Missions 98–9, 112, 123, 131 Étrangères de Paris; MEP), 38–9, 42, Myeongdong Cathedral, 177, 238, 243, 46, 51, 61, 78, 131, 145, 155, 171–2, 208 245–6, 248, 251–2, 254 Park, Chong-soon, 310 Myungsung Church, 281 Park, Chung-hee, 207, 214–15, 227, 230, 234, 239, 296 Na, Un-mong, 205 Park, Geun-hye, 264 Namgung Hyeok, 148 Park, Hyeong-gyu, 239, 242 nationalism, 82, 86, 90–1, 96–7, 100, Park, Hyeong-ryong, 149, 161, 198, 200 109–10, 116, 121, 124–5, 147, 193 Park, Jong-cheol, 251 Christian, 112, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127 Park, Kyung-seo, 265 cultural, 128, 132 Park, Tae-seon, 190, 205 ethnic, 9, 100, 125, 147, 205, 212–13, 241 Park, Yeong-hyo, 62 Protestant, 125–6, 128 Park, Yun-sun, 176 nationalists, 3, 82, 92, 101, 117–19, 126–7, PCUSA (Presbyterian Church in the United 133, 189 States of America), 62, 143, 176, 197, cultural, 133, 136 248, 259, 294, 303 expatriate, 119 Pentecostal churches, 202, 206, 290 Protestant, 128, 133, 136, 146–7, 160, 177 Pentecostalism, 93, 142, 204, 228, 277 NCCK (National Council of Churches in Pentecostals, 5, 142, 153, 171, 203, 230, 269 Korea), 170, 180, 187–8, 190–1, 198, 200, persecution, 24, 28, 31, 33–7, 39–43, 45–53, 232, 242, 254, 261–2, 266–7, 271, 279–80 60–1, 64, 71, 78, 118, 131, 192, 223 neo-Confucianism, 9, 21, 26, 39 Pierce, Bob, 183, 189 Nestorian Christianity, 14 Pope John Paul II, 23, 224, 249, 285 Nevius method, 73–4, 84, 86–7, 102, 106, Presbyterian churches, 62, 66, 72, 103–4, 114, 199, 216, 218, 226, 279, 301 114, 136–7, 140–1, 148–9, 153, 160–1, New Woman, 136, 138–9 166, 175, 197–9, 232–3, 271, 312 NFDYS (National Federation of Democratic Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 176, Youth and Students), 242–3 197, 199 NKRPC (North Korean Refugees Presbyterianism, 148, 290 Presbyterian Commissioners), 175–6 Presbyterians, 4, 68, 72–3, 83, 85–7, 94, 116, Noh, Chun-kyeung, 66 126, 137–8, 143–4, 146–7, 149, 174–5, Noh, Ki-nam, 177, 182, 187 189, 191, 199, 211, 214, 230, 236, 265, Noron faction, 18, 24 269, 291 Pyongyang seminary, 87, 103, 110, 117, 126, Ok, Han-hum, 281 147–8, 150, 152, 157, 161, 166, 197 OMS (Oriental Missionary Society), 102–3, 111, 171 Queen Min, 62, 80

360 Index

reconciliation, 189, 262, 265–6, 272–3, 278, Shinto ceremonies (worship), 150, 152–5, 286, 291 178, 186 revival, 38–9, 75, 93–9, 101, 104, 107, 113, 140, Shinto shrines, 117, 152, 155, 168, 196 142–3, 147, 189, 204, 212, 222, 225, 273, Silhak, 18–19, 21, 57 287, 301 Sinhae persecution, 28 revivalism, 141–2, 205–6, 277 Sinyu persecution, 32, 34–5, 37, 40 revivalists, 107, 140, 142, 165, 171, Sisters of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, 145, 189–90, 202, 204–6, 216, 219, 222, 181, 193, 210 229, 305 Sisters of St Paul de Chartres, 61, 115, 193 Rhee, Moon-hee, 235, 254 Society of Friends, 183, 213 Rhee, Syng-man (Syngman Rhee; PCUSA), Son, Jeong-do, 105 259, 267 Son, Yang-won, 179 Rhee, Syng-man (Syngman Rhee; ROK Song, Jin-u, 129 President), 81, 117–18, 126, 146, 162, Sogang College/University, 192–3 170, 177, 221 Soongsil School/College/University, 2, 31, Ricci, Matteo, 16–17, 19 33, 86, 110, 162, 179, 191, 279 Ridel, Félix Clair, 46–7, 60, 62 Sorae Church, 59, 66, 69, 72, 74, 78, 82, 102, Roh Tae-woo, 253, 264, 266 216, 224 Ross, John, 56, 73, 301 Suh, Jae-pil, 80, 123 Ryu, Dong-sik, 213 Suh, Nam-dong, 241, 244, 247 Suh, Sang-ryun, 59, 66 Saemoonan Church, 66, 119 sunbogeum (full gospel) theology, 203–4, Salvation Army, 4, 103, 111, 115, 153, 170–1, 212, 228–9, 234, 278 181, 214, 232, 290 Sunbogeum Seminary, 203–4 Sangdong Church, 67, 89, 97, 112 SVM (Student Volunteer Movement), Sangjae Sangseo, 41 63–4 Sanjeonghyeon Church, 151, 160 Sarang Community Church, 281 Thomas, Robert Jermain, 55, 84, 132, 256 Scranton, Mary F., 67–9 Tonghap denomination, 199–200, 232, 242, Scranton, William B., 65, 67 258, 267, 279, 281, 290, 294 Seo, Jae-pil, 62 Tosa Gyomun, 35 Seohak, 16 Seonggyo Yoji, 22 UBF (University Bible Fellowship), 221, 309 Seventh Day Adventist Church, 102 UIM (Urban and Industrial Mission), Seventh Day Adventists, 102, 133, 153, 171 236–9, 243, 245 Severance Hospital, 65, 114, 121, 183, 279 Underwood, Horace G., 64–70, 74, 87, 90, shamanism, 8–9, 31, 75, 109, 140–2, 205, 210, 92, 94, 101, 103 212, 229, 274, 296–7 uniﬁcation, 161, 180, 185, 220, 223, 245, 258, shamans, 8–9, 11, 66, 77, 109, 129, 140, 212, 261–2 241, 291, 296 Uniﬁcation Church, 206, 257 Shandong mission, 105, 233, 285, 306 Shim, Sang-tae, 278 WCC (World Council of Churches), 181, Shin, Chae-ho, 101, 256 185, 198, 199–200, 235–6, 242, 258–61, Shin, Heung-u, 130, 146, 154 265, 269–72, 279, 290–1 Shin, Hyeon-gyun, 222 Wihelm, Joseph, 78, 99, 100

Index 361

Yang, Gi-tak, 99 Yi, Su-jeong, 57, 62 Yang, Ju-sam, 147 Yi, Yun-yeong, 178 Yanghwajin, 47, 224, 282 YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Yeo, Un-hyeong, 127, 133, 135, 157 Association), 63, 96, 104, 111, 112, 114, YFGC (Yoido Full Gospel Church), 217–18, 118–20, 130, 132, 134–5, 146–7, 154, 170, 229, 233, 279–80 179, 215, 221, 237, 242, 247 Yi Yong-do, 141, 143, 148, 206 Yonsei University, 241, 253, 279 Yi, Byeok, 20–2, 24–5, 29–30 Yoon, Gong-hui, 247–8 Yi, Cheon-hwan, 211 Youngnak Church, 173, 175–6, 179, 217, 268 Yi, Chung-bae, 34 Yu, Gwan-sun, 121–2 Yi, Dae-wi, 134–5 Yu, Hang-geom, 24–5, 34 Yi, Dong-hui, 127 Yu, Ho-jun, 232 Yi, Dong-hwi, 99 Yu, Hong-ryeol, 2 Yi, Eung-chan, 56, 58 Yu, Jin-gil, 40 Yi, Ga-hwan, 22 Yu, So-sa, 29, 40 Yi, Gi-bung, 187 Yuhandang Gwon, 25 Yi, Gi-hyeok, 306 Yun, Bo-seon, 188, 244 Yi, Gyu-gap, 160 Yun, Chi-ho, 72, 80, 97–9, 104, 112, 116, 119, Yi, Ik, 19, 24 125–6, 129, 135, 154–5 Yi, Jun, 92 Yun, Ji-chung, 26 Yi, Kwang-su, 120, 128, 132 Yun, Sung-bum, 213 Yi, Myeong-jik, 135, 140, 153 Yun, Yu-il, 25–6, 28 Yi, Sang-jae, 129, 136, 147 Yushin constitution, 220, 239, 241, 243–4 Yi, Sang-seol, 90 YWCA (Young Women’s Christian Yi, Seung-hun (ﬁrst Catholic convert), Association), 136, 138, 170, 215, 221, 20–2, 24, 28, 99 237, 247, 249 Yi, Seung-hun (Protestant minister), 119 Yi, Su-gwang, 16 Zhou, Wen-mo, 28–30, 34