Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance
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Transport Scotland Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance 5.3 Edinburgh 5.3.1 Setting the Context Edinburgh is Scotland’s capital city and plays a vital role in contributing to the economic well-being of the country. The city has a population of approximately 436,000190, and the SEStran area191, which largely correlates with the functioning of the Edinburgh labour market, has a population of approximately 1.5 million192. The city’s economy, which has been growing steadily in recent years, is dominated by the service sector with a strongly performing financial services sector and a significant number of public service employees. This growth has resulted in rising land and property prices and demand for further development in and around the city. Average house prices more than doubled between 1998 and 2006193. One of the consequences of this is the increase in the number of those working in Edinburgh but residing outside the city, increasing the levels of demand on radial routes into the city. Putting this into context, Edinburgh accounts for 45 per cent of the total employment in the SEStran area but only 30 per cent of the population. Figure 5.3.1 highlights the areas of particular relevance within Edinburgh. This shows the three key areas of economic activity within the city and the principal components of the transport network that support the city region. 190 General Register Office for Scotland Mid-2004 population estimates for town/city populations: http://www.gro- scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/04mid-year-estimates-localities-table3.xls 191 SEStran includes City of Edinburgh Council, Clackmannanshire, East Lothian, Falkirk Council, Fife, Midlothian, Scottish Borders and West Lothian 192 General Register Office for Scotland Mid-2006 population estimates for administrative areas: http://www.gro- scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/06mype-cahb-t2-revised.xls 193 Edinburgh City Council Capital Review www.capitalreview.co.uk 184 Transport Scotland Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance 185 Transport Scotland Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance Table 5.3.1 below summarises some relevant socio-economic characteristics for Edinburgh and provides a comparison against the regional and national context. Table 5.3.1: Summary of Socio Economic Characteristics Indicator Edinburgh “Region” Scotland UK (SEStran) Population (2005)194 436,000 1,437,000195 5,078,000 60,000,000 Population (2022)196 497,000 1,523,000 5,118,000 62,400,000 Population Change +14% + 6% +1% +4% (2005 – 2022)196 Employment (2005)196 298,300 668,100 2,330,900 27,900,000 Employment (2022)196 329,400 750,900 2,427,800 29,300,000 GVA per head £27,600 £17,390 £15,500 £16,200 (2005)197 Cars / capita (2005)198 0.35 0.40 0.39 0.42 Households with Car 60% 68% 67% 75% (2005)199 Figure 5.3.2 highlights the areas of particular growth in population and employment in future years within the city and its immediate environs. As the corridors serving Edinburgh are forecast to experience an increase in population in future years, there is expected to be a rising trend in commuting from the wider area to jobs located in Edinburgh. Inactivity rates are projected to decline in Edinburgh from 59,900 in 2005 to 50,700 in 2022196. Median gross weekly earnings in Edinburgh are £462, approximately 12 per cent higher than the national average for Scotland (£412)200. 194 General Register Office for Scotland Mid-2004 population estimates for town/city populations: http://www.gro- scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/04mid-year-estimates-localities-table3.xls 195 General Register Office for Scotland Mid-2006 population estimates for administrative areas: http://www.gro- scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/06mype-cahb-t2-revised.xls 196 TELMoS 197 Scottish Economic Statistics 2007 198 STS No.25 (2006) 199 Scotland’s Census 2001 www.scrol.gov.uk Table KS17 200 Scottish Economic Statistics 2006, table 4.20 186 Transport Scotland Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance 187 Transport Scotland Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance 5.3.2 Land Use Patterns Within Edinburgh, three areas of economic activity of national significance have been identified as being particularly relevant in terms of the STPR: • City centre (historic business and retail centre); • West Edinburgh (expanding business centre and established retail centre); and • South East Edinburgh (projected significant growth in business with nationally significant employers). Another key economic generator in Edinburgh is the international airport. The airport, located north of the A8, is one of the fastest growing airports in the UK having experienced an increase in passengers of approximately 160 per cent between 1995 and 2005. The changing land use patterns, particularly the projected growth in employment on the periphery of the city, will mean new challenges for the city’s transport network. The historical focus towards providing high quality public transport services to the city centre from the surrounding areas, whilst still important, will need to be augmented with improvements to peripheral economic locations, including the airport. These patterns have been in evidence in recent years with the increase in the level of orbital movements in Edinburgh to these areas of economic activity. This is forecast to continue in the years to come. This issue has been recognised in the SEStran Regional Transport Strategy201. 5.3.3 Transport Network and Operations Infrastructure and Services A number of radial routes serve Edinburgh, as shown in Figure 5.3.1. The A720, Edinburgh City Bypass Trunk Road, which stretches from Gogar in the west to Old Craighall in the east, provides the link between these routes. At the western end, the City Bypass connects with the A8 (non-trunk) at Gogar and the M8 Motorway at Hermiston. The A720 is a dual carriageway road with grade separated junctions, except at Gogar and Sheriffhall. The radial routes are a combination of single and dual carriageway. To the north west of the city, the A90 carries traffic between the Forth Road Bridge and Edinburgh. This route is not directly connected to the A720, although there are indirect links via either the recently opened M9 Spur or the A902 (non-trunk) from Barnton to Gogar. 201 SEStran Regional Transport Strategy www.SEStran.gov.uk 188 Transport Scotland Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance Edinburgh Waverley railway station is the second busiest in Scotland and is located in the heart of the city, with Haymarket Station at the western edge of the city centre providing access to the rail network throughout Scotland and beyond. To the east of Waverley is the East Coast Main Line, which provides a link to London and northeast England. There are also branch lines off the East Coast Main Line which serve North Berwick and Newcraighall. To the west, three lines converge at Haymarket: the East Coast Main Line to the Forth Bridge, serving Fife, Perth, Dundee and Aberdeen; the Edinburgh - Glasgow line to the west serving Glasgow Queen Street, Stirling and Bathgate and intermediate stations; and another connection to the west serving Glasgow Central, Motherwell, Shotts and northwest England. Service patterns vary throughout the day and week but are generally: • Four services per hour between Edinburgh and Glasgow via Falkirk; • One service per hour between Edinburgh and Perth; • One service per hour between Edinburgh and Dundee; • One service per hour between Edinburgh and Glasgow via Shotts; • Two services per hour between Edinburgh and Bathgate; • One service per hour between Edinburgh and North Berwick; • Two services per hour between Edinburgh and Stirling / Dunblane; • One service per hour between Edinburgh and London (National Express East Coast); • One or two services per hour to other English destinations (Arriva Cross-Country); and • One overnight sleeper service to London. The main railway stations within the City of Edinburgh Council area currently cater for some 17.1 million passengers per annum (2005). In addition, 15.8 million passengers per annum (2005) pass through stations within Edinburgh city centre202. Edinburgh has an extensive network of bus services to and from the city centre. The main urban operator in the Edinburgh area is Lothian Buses which is a publicly owned company with over 700 buses and 50 routes. First Edinburgh operates a network of services to and from some of the towns in the Lothians and the Scottish Borders. Stagecoach also operates services into Fife. There are also a range of medium sized and smaller companies operating services. St Andrew Square Bus Station is the hub for an extensive network of long distance bus services. Citylink and Megabus run services to much of Scotland. Citylink also operate a high frequency service between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Megabus and National Express provide services from Edinburgh to the rest of the UK. 202 Rail industry LENNON data (Station Usage 2004/2005) 189 Transport Scotland Strategic Transport Projects Review Report 1 – Review of Current and Future Network Performance Service patterns are generally: • Four buses per hour between Edinburgh and Glasgow (Citylink); • One bus per hour between Edinburgh and Galashiels (First); • Three buses per hour between Edinburgh and Stirling (Citylink/First); • Three buses per hour between Edinburgh and Dundee (Citylink / Stagecoach); • One bus per hour between Edinburgh and St Andrews (Stagecoach); • Two buses per hour between Edinburgh and Dunfermline (Stagecoach); and • One bus per hour between Edinburgh and Aberdeen (Citylink). Integrated tickets in Edinburgh are available in the form of the PLUSBUS ticket and ‘One- Ticket’. PLUSBUS covers rail journeys into Edinburgh and provides the addition of unlimited bus travel within the urban network.