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i Early morning UNREP operations in the Ionian Sea. with the,frigate USS Brumby (FF 1044) steaming alonpide the ammunition ship USS Santa Barbara (A E 28). Photo by Santa Barbara's FN R0dne.v Kruse. I WND6 MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 56th YEAR OF PUBLICATION M A R C H 1979 NUMBER 1979 MARCH 746 Chief of Naval Operations: ADM Thomas B. Hayward Chief of Information: RADM David M. Cooney OIC Navy Internal Relations Act.: CAPT James E. Wentz

Features 6 REVOLUTIONARY BREAKTHROUGH IN DEEP-SEA DIVING Navy tests a new underseas outfit

3-10 A BETTERWAY OF DOING BUSINESS Civil Service Reform Actsets a new pace '" I 12 BREAKING LOCKS ANDFINDING ANSWERS A study in endurance

22 BEHIND THE SCENES - THE ADVANCEMENT SYSTEM A rung-by-rung explanation of the advancement ladder

32 GUAM.. . WHERE AMERICA'S DAY BEGINS An efficient complexin a vacation setting

38AMERICANS HAVEA WAYWITH CHILDREN Kennedymen make a dream come truein Naples

40 FAMILY ASSISTANCE Fourth in a series on Navy Rights and Benefits

Page 22 PETTY47 OFFICER ACADEMY USS Fort Fisher goes into the education business

Departments 2 Currents 19 Bearings 48 Mail Buoy Covers Front: Eqht years as Amerlca's senlor POW In North Vletnam and the Medal of Honor mean VADM James B. Stockdale brings unlque qualiflcations to hls job as presldent of the Naval War College in Newport, R.I. HISstory beglns on page 12. Photo by JO1 Rick Boyle. Back: A famlllar sight to sallors IS the sunrise ove~Guam. For more on the scenic beauty and challenge of duty on Guam, see page 32. Photo by PH2 Robin Tedder.

Staff:Editor: John F. Coleman; News Editor; Joanne E. Durnene Associates: Richard Hosier (Layout); Michael Tuffli (Art); Catherine D. Fellows, Edward Jenkins (Research); and Elaine McNeil (Editorial Assistant)

Send mail to: A// Hands, Hoffman No.2, 200 Stovall St., Alexandria, Va. 22332. Phone: (202) 325-0495; AUTOVON 221-0495. Page 40 Message: NAVINRELACT WASHINGTONDC (PASS TO ALL HANDS) currents

Wins I reel I have the best wardroom and crewof any snip m me r~eet.”While Truett Arleigh he admits there might be others in the Atlantic Fleet who feel the same Burke Fleet Trophy way about their ships, it’s hard to argue with the man who has won the Atlantic Fleet Arleigh Burke Trophy for FY 78. Commander Thomas Lynch, commanding officer of trophy winnerUSS Truett (FF 1095) said it was a team effort: “Aboard Truett we’ve had a motto - ‘Working together to make Truett the best.’ That’s been our goal.” The Arleigh Burke Fleet Trophyis presented annually to that unit which has demon- strated outstanding improvement in battle efficiency with significant accomplishments in enhancing readiness inall areas. “We recognize our superstars on board,” CDR Lynch explained. “We’ve been able to doa lot for the guys who are doing the job above and beyond the normal workday requirements.” Truett, whoserecent operations have included a Mediterranean deployment, an INSURV and a COMPTUEX, is in Boston, Mass., undergoing an 1 1-month overhaul. Helicopter ASWRON 3 and USS Skipjuck (SSN 585) also were nominated by their type commanders for demonstrating the greatest improvements in battle efficiency during the FY 78 competitive year.

The $135.5 billion defense budget submitted to Congress in January was FY 1980 DOD characterized by Defense Secretary Harold Brown as lean and austere but Budget enough for a “balanced defense program.” The proposed budgetis almost $10 billion larger than last year and includes $1.8 billion more for Navy programs than the FY 79 budget before adding the Oct. 1, 1979, pay raise. Secretary Brown said the FY 80 budget fulfilled the president’s pledge to NATO to increase U.S.defense spending by 3 percent a year in real terms. The FY 80 budget includes a provision for a5.5 percent military and civilian pay raise in October. The manpower budget request for the Navy supports an active strength force of 528,000, an increase of4,450 over current levels. Reserve strength in the new budget would be reduced from 87,900 to 48,700 members in a drill pay status. The long-term ship-

building program which accompanied ’ the budget submission outlines plans to authorize construction of 67 new ships over the next five years, including 15 planned in 1980. The program also calls for conversionof 10 DDG 2 destroyers and a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) for two aircraft carriers during the same period. For FY 80, more than$5 billion is set aside in the president’s budget for new ship authorization including $1.6 billion for a new, conventionally powered, 62,000-ton air- craft carrier (CVV), and $1.1 billion for anotherTrident submarine. Ad- ditionally, the president asked for funds to build one DDG 47,six FFG 7s, one SSN 688 andfive ocean surveillance ships. Funding for the first DDG 2 conversion and advance procurement for follow-on shipsis also included in the total $6.2 billion request for shipbuilding and conversion. Another $4 billion is requested for 103 Navy aircraft in FY 80. Included

L ALL HANDS Budget in that figure are funds for 24 F-14, 15 F-18, 15 CH-53E, 12P-3C, six E-2C, six EA-6B, 22 UC-12B and three EC-13Q aircraft. The president's re- quest for $2 billion in weapons procurement included purchase of 82 Trident missiles in addition to other major items such as air-to-air, surface- to-air and Harpoon missiles. Research and development costs accounted for $4.5 billion of the Navy's budget,and military construction for $.6 billion. Funds for the Surface Effect Ship(SES) program and the AV-8B Harrier aircraft were not included in the FY80 budget request. Thepresi- dent is submitting an FY 79 supplemental budget request along with the FY 80 request to Congress for approval. That submission requests that funds be added to the FY 79 appropriation to purchase an additional FFG 7 frigate and a guided missile destroyer.

The keel for the first of five new patrol combatant missile (hydrofoil) Keel Laid for ships (PHM) was laid on Jan. 30 in Renton, Wash. The five hydrofoil Second Patrol missile ships, scheduled for delivery to the Navy by 1982, are based on the Hydrofoil Missile prototype hydrofoil USS Pegasus (PHM 1) commissioned in July 1977. When foil-borne, the PHM can carry a 21-man crew to speeds in excess of Ship 40 knots on itsgas turbine-powered, waterjet propulsion unit. PHM arma- ment includes Harpoon surface-to-surface missiles, MK 92 gunfire control system, 76mm lightweight gun, and the rapid bloom offboard chaff system.

The 1979 CNO Sailor of the Year Program is open to active duty men and 1979 Sailor of the women in paygrades E-4, 5 and 6 except that those firstclass petty of- Year Program ficers selected for chief are ineligible for the competition. Sailorsof the Announced Year will be chosen in the Pacific Fleet, Atlantic Fleet, and from the shore community. To be eligible in any of the three categories, the nominee must have been selected previously as a Sailor of the Month or Quarter during the 12-month period which ended on Dec. 3 1, 1978. Units not having an ongoing Sailor of the Month or Quarter program may nominate one individual citing the lack of such a programin the command's for- warding endorsement. The Sailor of the Yearwill be selected primarily on the basis of professionalism and performance, although medals, awards and civic involvement will also play an important role in the selection. OPNAVNOTE 1700 of Oct. 31, 1978, which announces the program, states that its purposeis to recognize the very best all-around sailor in any eligible paygrade, not to limit selection to firstclass petty officers. Being selected as Sailor of the Year means a meritorious promotion to the next higher paygrade if minimum time-in-rate and time-in-service requirements are filled. Additionally, the Fleet Reserve Association (FRA) will assume the costs of an expense-paid trip for the winners and their dependents to Wash., D.C., to receive official recognition. FRA also will sponsor five days' rest and relaxation for the Sailors of the Year and their dependents at any CONUS location. Atlantic and Pacific Fleet winners may choose a year's duty with their respective fleet master chief. The shore Sailor of the Year may choose to serve a year with the force master ofchief the Naval Education and Training Command. Deadline for submission of nominees to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Manpower, Person- nel and Training is May 9. Further information on deadlines, eligibility requirements and format is contained in OPNAVNOTE 1700.

MARCH 1979 The Navy’s portion of the proposed $3.7 billion Military Construction Ecology, Safety Authorization Bill submitted to Congress recently emphasized ecology, Stressed in FY 80 safety and energy conservation in construction projects at Navy activities Navy Construct ion around the world. The Navy and Marine Corps shareof the $3.7 billion measure is almost $480 million. After thebill is approved by Congress, it will be submitted to the president for signature intolaw. Although no new construction for family housingis included in the bill, a number of Navy activities would receive funding to modernize enlisted barracks. Naval Security Group Activity, Adak, Alaska, and Naval Station, Adak, Alaska, would receive funds for enlisted barracks modernization. A modernized dining facility is also proposed. A new housing and dining facility for sailors at Naval Weapons Station, Concord, Calif., is included in the bill, as is new unaccompanied enlisted housing at the Naval Submarine Base, New London, Conn. Additionally, the Naval Air ,Station at New Orleans, La., would receive a barracks modification. Much of the funding in this year’s Military Construction Authorization Bill for the Navy would go toward such projectsas oil spill prevention, sanitary sewage collection and treatment, air emission control, and industrial waste collection and treat- ment. Included are funds for fire protection, energy monitoring and con- trol systems, steam and condensate systems, asbestos removal facilities, insulation, ventilation improvements, pier improvements and ship waste- water collection ashore. Naval Station, Keflavik, Iceland, could receive $16.2 million for a geothermal heating system and Naval Station, Adak, $19.95 million for housing modernizations and sewage collection and treatment. Other activities which would receive significant construction include Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, Calif.; Naval Submarine Base, New London, Conn.; Naval Submarine Support Base, Kings Bay, Ga.; Naval Supply Center, Norfolk, Va.; Naval Air Station, Oceana, Va.; Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Va.; and Naval Submarine Base, Bangor, Wash.

While optimistic about the present state of the Navy, Chief of Naval CNO Sees a Operations Admiral ThomasB. Hayward told the House Armed Services GrowinSoviet Committee recently that the growing Soviet fleet is a serious concern. “In Threat 8ut U.S. the past 15 years, the Soviet navy has steadily grown from a coastal defense force into a blue water navy powerful enoughto challenge the Navy Predominant U.S. Navy in most major ocean areas of the world,’’ the CNO said. “These impressivedevelopments . . . representa disturbing trend.” ADM Hayward, who was testifyin’gon the FY 80 budget and the Navy’s military posture, said Navy weapons on board ship and in the air are the finest anywhere in the world. Hesaid another important ingredient, however, made the U.S. Navy the strongest in the world today. “My optimism about the current state of the Navy stems not only from steadily im- proving hardware and combat readiness, but from its people whose esprit, competence, and protential continue to impress all who have an op- portunity to observe them in action,’’ the CNO told committee members. He indicated some concern over the Navy’s ability to recruit and retain adequate numbers of qualified men and women to operate the ships and aircraft of the 1980s. “The long-term key to our numbers problems clearly lies in the area of improved retention. Low retention means a heavy recruiting load and generates high turnover and increased training costs,” the CNO stated. He listed a numberof factors which affect reten- tion including lengthy and repetitive overseas deployments, the arduous

4 ALL HANDS Soviet Threat .... demandsof sea duty,and the need for a genuine sense of job satisfaction. “Our people must feel that the quality of their lifein the Navy is good- and improving - and that they are being properly remunerated in both pay and benefits for their efforts and sacrifices.” In terms of combatant capabilities, the CNO said the U.S. Navy today is in good shape and getting better. “It has the flexible, balanced, global capability required to meet current commitments, though its forcelevels are not adequate to meet those commitments without significant stress on fleet personnel induced by lengthy deployments and heavy work schedules,” ADM Hayward said.

Tour lengths for enlisted men and womenserving in the Philippines will be Length of increased from 24 to 36 months for an accompanied tour and from 15 to Philippine Tours 18 months for an unaccompanied tour. Additionally, the Chief Naval of Personnel announced that duty served ashore in the Philippines nowwill Extended be credited as shore duty rather than sea duty for rotational purposes. The changes are part of an effortto reduce personnel turnover and increase operational readiness and fleet support. Navy men and women now serv- ing in the Philippines will not be extended involuntarily, norwill they be affected by the type-of-duty change. The changeswill affect only those ordered to the Philippines with a PRD at their old duty station on or after April 1 this year.

Though not without its problems, the all-volunteer force (AVF) has fared Retention, Education well over the last six years. Consider these conclusions from a report Levels up in AV F, issued recentlyby the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower, StudySays Logistics:ReserveAffairsand - Retention of enlisted personnel has increased under the AVF and is well above pre-Vietnam rates. - The education levels and average test scores of new recruits in all the armed services have steadily improved since the end of the draft. - The recruit class of FY 78 has the highest percentage of high school graduates in the nation’s history. - Discipline has shown a steady and, in some cases, dramatic improve- ment since the early 1970s. How much has all this cost? The report states the costs are within20 per- cent of the levels predicted in 1970 and most of the increases are the result of payraises for junior personnel. The report credits the AVF with offering better opportunities to women and minorities, a choice of train- ing and occupations to new recruits, and improved living standards for junior personnel on active duty. Thebiggest problem throughout all the armed services is the high number of losses of first-term members prior to completion of their initial enlistment. These losses, according to the re- port, are up almost50 percent compared to the same figures during the days of the draft. The report blamesloss of GI bill education benefits as one possible reason for a tightening in the enlisted recruitingrrfarket. The AVF also has had an adverse effecton the number of physicians in the services, according to the report. It suggests improving the CHAMPUS program as one way to combat that problem. Additionally, the report urges a more responsible standby draftdo provide manpower case in of a major war in Europe. As a minimum, improvements were recommended in the standby selective service system.

MARCH 1979 5

Revolutionary’

Breakthroughu i,n’Deep-sea Diving

BY J02 BETTY PEASE HCU-1, threePearl Harbor-based Navy ships and the Naval Diving and Off Hawaii, Navydivers-looking Salvage School in Wash., D.C., suited more likeastronauts-descended 300 up eight times a day, six days a week. feet to test what isbelieved to be the They completed more than 300 total most revolutionarybreakthrough in diving expeditions. The divers repeat- deep-sea diving wear in the last 45 edly tested the Mark 12 outfit and its years-the Mark 12mixed gas diving accessories-an underwater television outfit. camera system, Surveyor, and a new The Mark 12 is a system consisting of three-way communications system. a blue and yellow plastic-fiber suit with A team from theNavy Experimental black rubberboots, mixed gas back- DivingUnit, Panama City, Fla. pack and squared divinghelmet. Divers (designers of the Mark 12), headed by spent six weeks, recently, testing the LieutenantMaurice Coulombe and suit’s efficiency and maneuverability at Senior ChiefMachinist’s Mate(and various depths. master diver) William Yarley, evaluated Until the Navy designed the Mark 12, the equipment under various situations. divers had no prospects of diving in any- Making countless charts, notes and thing but the cumbersome Mark5. The reports, they recorded every phase of old suit isof heavy canvas, complete the testing, notingperformance and with a copper helmet and heavy boots. diver reactions when supplying mixed The old suithas been around since gases in the air hoses. One test proved almost thebeginning of deep-sea diving. that the Mark 12 works well for divers The new Mark 12 “will make a big even whenreceiving pureoxygen for difference tothe diving world,” said decompression. LieutenantCommander ArthurR. Though air embolism (the “bends”) Erwin, commanding officer of Pearl remains a constantthreat to divers, Harbor’s Harbor Clearance Unit ONE Commander Frederick L. Kavanaugh, (HCU-1). “Divers willbe able to do project medical officer, said the Mark more work because thesuit is more 12 greatly reduces the risk. “The Mark comfortable in thewater. And it’s 12is an addedbonus, medically,” he safer.” said. “Since the suitis lighter, divers are Innumerous tests, 33 divers from more comfortable,and the suitis simple to get in and out of. The plasticyfiher Mark 12 olfers ,flexibility, “Speed is extremely important,” allowing easy movement underwater. CDR Kavanaugh said. “The diver has

7 only five minutes from a depthof 40 feet in which to surface, undress and reach simulated 40-footpressure inside the tender’s recompressionchamber. The I Mark 12 achieved this surface decom- pression procedure in three minutes. When the call to “surface”echoes over the deck of the diving barge, spe- cially trained unsuiting teams go into action. Thesquare, “picture-window” helmet goes first, then the boots. The round “neck-dam” andthe specially treated suit zippers (unique features of theMark 12) are pulled, tugged and opened. Followinga 300-foot dive, a Navy diver sat in one of the recompression chambersand said he felt “hunky- dory.”He was justone diver to be delighted with the new Mark 12. Other divers, too, had favorable com- ments about the new rig. “The weight is

MARCH 1979 wellplaced,” said one.Boatswain’s head,” he said. “The Mark 12 has a 35- improvedcommunications equipment Mate First Class Hayden V. Spalding pound helmet, 60 pounds of weights in also rated high in the tests. Before the agreed.“The old Mark 5 madethe the legs, and (for mixed-gas, deep-sea Mark 12,only hand-held, “ray-gun”- weight rest onyour shoulders and diving only) a 65-pound backpack.” typeunderwater cameras were Overall, thelightweight outfit is more available. flexible and provides greater visibility “The Surveyor can be affixed to the Facing page: The squared diving helmet of the than earlier contraptions. The new suit Mark 12 helmet,” said Senior Chief new Mark I2 diving suit is light and offers bet- ter visibi1it.v. Members of Harbor Clearance is so flexible that a fewof the divers Machinist’s Mate Michael Anderson.A Unit One which tested the Mark 12 recently at experimented successfully in a game of master diver with 11 years’ experience, Pearl Harbor. Below: Two divers come up underwater “checkers.” Anderson appreciates the smaller, more ,from below: one has the “Survqvor” svstem att- ached to his helmet. The Surveyor’s TVsystem andthe convenientcamera unit. “In fact,” he said, “the diverusually forgets it’s there. He’s able to function with both hands free for working.” The Mark 12’s improved communi- cations system, according toLCDR Erwin, is another great advancein deep- sea diving. “Theold Mark 5 had a ‘shhhhhh’ sound from airbeing pumped inside the helmet,” he said. “The Mark12 issilent. In fact, many divers first going down with the Mark12 are somewhat at a loss because they don’thear airor mixed gas coming to them.” With diver speaking to diver, diver to surface, and surface to diver, the recent tests demonstrated that the equipment offers considerablea improvement. Before,with theMark 5, “divers sounded like DonaldDuck,” said Erwin,“but with Mark 12’s unscrambler, it’s easy for us to figure out what they want.” All the data from thetests are now at laboratories being double-checked and evaluated. A full-scale operational eval- uation will determine Mark 12’s future for use with mixed gas. The system has been approved for service use with air. If the initial reactionis any indication of its acceptance, the Mark12 will soon be an integral part of the Navy’s diving community. L

Photos hv pH3 Lawrence R. Sandwick

ALL HANDS 9 A better way of doing business

” On Jan. I, 1979, the Civil Service managers and supervisors at grades 13, took effect. On Jan. 18, W. Graham Commission, an agencyof the U.S. 14, and 15 will be keyedto performance. Claytor Jr., the Secretary of the Navy, Government since 1883, quietly went Annual merit pay will be awarded to outlined the Navy’s planning forthe out of existence. Inits placewere those who excel as managers. This merit Senior Executive Service to some 400 created two new agencies, the Office of pay system is expected to go into effect civilians in GS-16, 17, and 18 or equiv- Personnel Management and the Merit by Oct. 1, 1981, with an earlier phase-in alent public law positionswho are Systems ProtectionBoard, plus an date authorized. Some 20,000 Navy eligible for SES. Military executives in independentFederal Labor Relations managers and supervisors in these the shore establishment, most of them Authority. grades will be moved into this plan. of flag rank, who are superiors of the This major shift was a result of a pres- Many other reforms will take place as civilian executives, also were atthe idential reorganization which took a result of the CSRA. Forexample, the briefing. place so that the Civil Service Reform Federal Labor Relations Authoritywill Secretary Claytor spoke of the SES Act, signed by the president on Oct. 13, have the force of law to protect basic as a “one-time opportunity.” He told 1978, could be implemented. The Civil rights of employees and theirrepresent- the gathering that the CSRA basically Service Reform Act (CSRA) of1978 ing unions. Under the old system, these means a better way of doing business waspassed to boost government effi- provisions had only the force of an exec- and said he sees the new performance ciency while stillprotecting the rights of utive order. appraisal system asthe keystone of employees andmanagement. Theact The Merit Systems Protection Board efforts. In SES, bonuses will be availa- affects2.1 million civil service will hear and decide appealsfrom ble for outstanding performers while employees, 308,739 of whom are Navy employees. Its special counsel will be those who do not measure up will not be civilians. authorized to protect “whistle blowers” eligible for bonuses or promotions. Under CSRA, many long-standing who previously had no protection. On March 15,executives in positions features of civil serviceemployment will Under the previous system, the Civil designated as SES-type will be officially disappear.Certain levels of managers Service Commission was faced with a invited to join the SES.They will have and supervisors will no longer be eligi- dual role of representing both employee 90 days to convert. If they decline, they ble for within-grade periodic step and management. The new board will will be allowed to remain in their cur- increases. Super grade executives (GS- assure that employees’ rights are rent appointment authority andwill still 16,17, 18) will be invited to join the respected. be rated, butthey will not be eligible for Senior Executive Service with its bonus Each agency will be required to con- promotion nor will they have fallback provisions whileGS-13, 14, and 15 duct recruitment programs for minori- rights to a lower grade. managers and supervisors will be placed tiesand women. The Equal Although the Senior Executive Serv- under a Merit Pay Provision Plan. Employment Opportunity Commission ice becomes operative in July, the new Also, each agencywill develop its will determine under-representation salary rates won’t take effect until Oct. own performance appraisal system to and will establish recruitment guide- 1. The top base salary is established at replace the current federalwide perfor- lines. $52,800. Considering bonuses and sti- mance rating system. Veterans preference will be modified pends, however, a member of the Senior Throughoutthe government, the so that preference for non-disabled mil- Executive Service could earn asmuch as Senior Executive Service will consist of itary retirees who leave military service $66,000in one year. An additional about 8,000 senior executives from GS- at rank of major or above will be elimi- benefit in SES is that there is no limit on 16 up through executive levelIV and nated in hiring procedures. New bene- annual leave accumulation. those in equivalent public lawposi- fits willbe provided for veterans The Navyis responding justas tions. Those eligible can joinSES disabled 30 percent or more. Also, rapidly to the otherchanges which must voluntarily. Thosewho enter govern- changes will be made in salary systems be made under CSRA. Itis formulating ment service after July13 willautomati- for military retirees appointed to civil plans for the 20,000 Navy employees in callybe members of SES. They may service jobs. grades 13,14, and 15 who will come earn bonuses and meritoriousrank under the Merit Pay Provision Plan. through exceptional service, but they The Navy also is designing, with the also may be removed from SES forfail- Senior help of private contractors, newper- ure to meet.performance goals. SES was formanceevaluation systems. The designed to encourage performanceand performanceappraisal system for the productivity by making salaryincreases Executive SES must be ready by July 13 when SES dependent upon performance. Agency will be operational throughoutthe boardswill review candidates’ government. Eventually, the perform- Service -. qualifications. Navy’s response to the Civil Service ance of every Navy employee willbe Under the Merit Pay Provision Plan, Reform Act of 1978 was swift. evaluated under the terms of new plans. pay increases for more than 72,000 On Jan. 1 1,1979, the Reform Act ”J. E. Dumene

ALL HANDS 11 VADM James B. Stockdale Breaking locks and finding answers

CNO SITREP30 scheduled for release B in May 1979.

It would seem likea routine. unevent- ful assignment for a veteran three-man ,,::A::,,~~~~~:~~~1, , ,(_, ("13 'la Navy film crew to doa short profile on the man who runs the Naval War Col- lege at Newport, R.I. But it wasn't. The white-haired, blue-eyed officer in front of the camera wears 25 personal

12 J Stockdale is seated in his office. His window overlooksNewport Bridge, spanninghistoric Narragansett Bay. His left leg is stiff; it projects straightout from the chair-almost parallel to the floor. Broken twice by Vietnamese pri- son guards, the leg won’t bend at the knee. “There was never any question in my I mind when I came out of prison that I wanted to devote all my energies to my service and my country. To leave at that point would have been like turning in your football uniform when the team was behind 13 to nothing. I came home from thatexperience feeling, first of all, confident in thesuperior ability of Americans,and the overwhelming superiority of our military might. “And I just felt that it is my country

Right: As President of the Naval War College, VADM Stockdale spends much of his time in meetings. Below: The admiral and Mrs. Stock- dale near their home on the colleges campus- Mrs. Stockdale .jogs regular1.v. c and thatI wantto have something to say about how it’s protected.” The admiral’s chair is next to a small, circularconference table. He reaches and picks up an enameled tin cup. It is chipped and banged up-it is conspicu- ously incongruous in themahogany paneled office. It stands out among the more traditionalcoffee mugs also on the table,each decorated with ship or squadron emblems. He holds thecup and stares at it momentarily. “You knowthis may look like a receptacle from which I would take a drink. It was that for eight years, but it wasmuch more. It wasmy link with sanity and with my community. It was my link with the world. This enameled tin cup is similar to those that hang on the pumpsof most farmsin Illinois from where I come.

Lefi: Walking with his longtime.friend, Sen. John Glenn. Lefr, below: Teaching his new course, “The Foundations of Moral

Obligarions. ” I

I A “Its material is very crucial. It trans- Stockdale spoke of the years which material. You candraw out the past mits sound well.” He raises the bottom began in September 1965 when he was with remarkable recall by simply easing of the cup to his left ear. shot downwhile leading a bombingrun slowly toward the event, not crowding “What you can hearwith your earto over Thanh Hoa. It is not possible for your mind too closely. the wall can be greatly magnified if you him or any of the prisoners today to “You’ll try to remember who was at put the cup between the wall and your forgetthe yearsof loneliness in rat- your birthday party when you were 5 ear andpress down onit. This cupreally infested cells, the hungerand the years old and you can bring it back, but got banged up over the years. Whenever unspeakable torture. only after months of effort. You can we weremoved, our hands were tied But what he likes to remember mostis break locksand find answers. You need behind our backs and we were blind- the bond of love forged among fellow time and solitude to learn how to use folded. Then some guard would grab prisoners, and how their commitment thismarvelous device in your head this andthrow it in the backof the to their own honor, integrity and coun- which is the greatest computeron earth. truck. I’ve heardit jangling on side- try enabled them to summon astonish- “Of coursemany of thethings we walks and down ditches. And I would ing courage in orderto survive and recalled from the past were utterly use- just pray that I would get the cup back ultimately win. less as sources of strength or for practi- when I got to my new cell. During his four years in solitary con- cal purposes. Events brought back from “The Vietnamese thought it was only finement, Stockdale says he sorted out cocktail parties were almost repugnant a drinking cup. But without this cup, I who he was. “I was searching through because of their emptiness, theirlack of would have been out of the society of and refining my bag of memories. The value. the prison camp.Thank Godthey didn’t values were therebut they were all “More often thannot, the locks know that.” mixed up with technology, bureaucracy The admiral carefully sets the cup on and expediency. The values had to be the table. His mind rushes back to Hoa brought out in the open. Lo prison, or “Alcatraz,” where he said “I discovered what a tremendousfile- VADM Stockdale regularlv uses the college’s swimming pool and moves eifortless1.v through he spent “some of the best years” of his cabinet the human mind really is. You the water despite a stiif lefi leg which he can’t life. can memorize an incredible amount of bend at the knee. worth picking had been on old school- space program, you’re in it for a few passageway. It had been my toilet can roomdoors. Schools days can be hours, a few days or weeks and you’re the night before; I was scooting it along thought of as a time when one is filling out of it. But when I think of Jim in the with my good leg. I was led to a cell with the important stacks of one’s memory prison camp going through the things an improvised shower, an old rusty library.” he went through and keeping the same shower head on the back bulkheadover Inprison, Stockdale carefully dis- kind of devotion for eightyears, to me an opendrain. The guard grunted, tilled the influence and lessons of his that’s simply incredible!” slammedthe door and bolted it. The life. He discovered that his real strength At the swimming poolwhere the doc- idea was for me to dumpmy bucket and came from theknowledge ofhistory and umentary filming has progressed, the take a shower. the classics. admiral seems to move effortlessly ‘‘I was totally depressed until, in the “Thoseschool years provided me through the water. betweenIn a few laps dim light, under a nail hole in the con- with more toolsto resist my tormentors he talked to the crew by the side of the crete below the shower head,I was able than all my military training.I drew pool. to read some American’s words etched strengthfrom Epictetus, the Roman in very small print: ‘Smile, you are on “Icouldn’t run,I can’t run now philosopher who wrotein his “manual” Candid Camera!’ fcw the Roman field soldier: because of my stiff leg. But inprison I’d do sit ups and push ups. I did 400 a day “That mademy whole month. I knew “It’s better to die in hunger, for years. I couldeven do them in porta- it couldn’t be all that bad because some- exempt from guilt and fear, than ble leg irons. to live in affluence and with per- body else was around-some fellow turbation” (and) “Lameness is an “I didn’t do all 400 at once. I did them Americanprisoner with a sense of impediment of the body but notof in patterns. Some of my fellow prison- humor. the will.” ers became real gymnasts. They could “Soon there were other peoplein walk on their hands and do push ups those cells and1 got to knowthem. Thosestatements were particularly from that position without support. I There was great penalty for communi- signifieant to the admiral, whosaid per- could never dothat. It’s particularly cating, so we’d whisper surreptitiously. turbation was what he was living with. important thatwe seagoing people have One day anew guy came in; he had just He wasalso unableto stand up orphysi- a regimen-a regular exercise program beenpicked up. I remember his very cally support himself on his badly because of our confiningshipboard first words to us under his cell door: broken leg from time to time in prison. duty, and the wear and tear of the ner- ‘Theynever told me about this when The Navy film crew tagged along as vous system after months at sea. they were trying to get me to join the the admiral walked around the campus “I thinkthat one of the positive ROTC.The only thingthey told me with a visitor-hislong-time friend, changes in thecountry when Icame about was the graduation ball.’ US. SenatorJohn Glenn,a former home was to see all these people jogging “Then there was this air crewman, a astronaut. In themid-’50s, the two were and skiing. Sports andhealth concious- medic, who had been shot down in a in the same test pilot class at Patuxent ness have really swept America. helicopter. One morning when we were River, Md. “In prison, it was quite obviousthat a whispering and feelingcold and “Stockdale is one ofmy all-time weak body had a debilitating effect on depressed he said, ‘Theywere right heroes,” says Glenn proudly.He the mind and on personalresolve. So we when theytold me in boot camp you just recountsthe admiral’s resistance to exercised every day.” can’tbuy experience like this.’ Prison torture and his self-inflicted wounds to While thelong prison daystrigger humor between cells was never coarse, stopinterrogation about prisoner memoriesof torture,Stockdale says butmore often tongue-in-sheek and organization or to prevent his captors there weretimes when he wassimply always good for a belly laugh. from using him in propaganda films. overcome with laughter. “You cannot “Americans have the ability to take a Glennexplains that Stockdale’s really appreciate how much strength I pathetic situation and make a joke out devotion to his country defied descrip- gatheredfrom those cocky, talented of it. Their humor is symbolic of that tion. “You know many of us have been American fighting men ... and you’ll spirit of spontaneityand intelligence in combat or have had a dedication to never know the meaning of love until that makes them a force that can’t be duty in different projects, whether it’s you come across some Americanhumor topped in this world.” been in the space programor whatever. after a long period of isolation. Even when the odds were all in the “We’ve experienced periods of dedi- “Imagine my predicament one cold enemy’s favor, American ingenuity pre- cation where you just sort of put your November morning.It got cold in those vailed in theprison camp. Stockdale country and whatyou thought was right clammy cell blocks. ’Been shot downfor tells of how the prisoners stood united ahead of everything else for a few min- three months andhadn’t been withinear against their captors-never giving in, utes at a time. shot of an American voice. never becoming traitors. He tells of the “You make a combat run-you grit “I’d been sick; I was crippled. I was on massive underground communications your teeth and you go in and afew min- my feet, on crutchesfor the first time. I network they had and how in the quiet utes later, you’Fe out of it. And in the was pushing arusty bucket down darka solitude of the evening he wouldtap his

ALL HANDS 17 THE ALPUABET - ONE HAND P0.W MUTE COK”

messages of instructions, of plans, of “Through these various forms ,of * Reprintedwith permission from Prisoner Of encouragement. commun~cat~onsthe ,,prisoners, kept War: Six Years in Hanoi by LCDR John McGrath USNIP, AnnapoIis, Md. The prisoners developed their own each other’s hope ,alive. Unshakable code.They learned it by heartand bonds of friendships were formed taught it to new arrivals. Messages were among men who neversaw eachother But forthe 100 studentswho have passed not only by tapping butby hand untilafter ‘years of ‘tap’ conversation.”chosen to take Stockdale’s class this flash, by knotting strings pulled from The familiar “Stockdale gram” that , year, the excursion has taken themdeep blankets, and bywriting coded mes- penetrated the prison wallsin Southeastinto the philosophies of Aristotle, sages on toiletpaper leftin certain Asia and which gave desperate men the Plato, Epictetus and Kant and to more places. will to live, today continues to be heard recent authors asLenin, Emerson,Dos- A bentwire of a. “honeybucket” halfway around theworld. It is heard in toyevsky and Solzhenitsyn. might alert prisonersas towhere a mes- the halls of learning at the Naval War “There is an intellectual basis for sagecould be found. A pole,almost College in Rhode Island where some of commitmenttoduty, honor and imperceptible, nodding in and out of a the finest military minds are sentfor country-it’s called moral philosophy.I vent pipe gave meaning, and so did the advanced studies. want to get into people’s heads by let- way a man walked, coughedor sneezed. As its president, Stockdale has added ting them .wrestle with the intellectual When the Vietnamese learned the pri- a coursein military.ethics this.academic roots of what I call military ethics.” soners’ tap code and tried deception by year as part of the traditional triad of The man who has given so much to sendjng their own messages, they were strategy, management and operations. ,his country andhas chosen to remain in easily thwarted. On theintellectual shopping list thestu- uniform, walkspurposefully-with a “For one thing, they could not even dents maynow elect totake beyond slight limp-on his way for anotherses- imitate our call-up sign signal-the old their required core program is a course sion with his students. . ‘Shave and a haircut’ rhythm and ‘two entitled“The Foundations of Moral “If I cannurture the spark in the bits’response,” explainedStockdale. Obligations” which Stockdale himself breasts of only a few of these wonderful “That tapping rhythm came naturallyto teaches. officers who cometo Newport, I think I us. Americans knew oneanother’s “It’s based on classic 3phiIosophy and willhave donesomething for my touch on the wall just like old Navy literature. It’s just anexcursion through country.” radiomen knew the man on the distant some old-fashionedbcIassi,cs,’’the admi? .. speed key. We always knew when the ral modestly explains as he stands upto (Photos by LCDR O.J.Marquez and Vietnamese were trying to deceive us. get ready to meet with hi$ class. PHI Richard J. Boyle) .

18 MARCH 1979 Bearinss

Containing Spill Battalion(NMCB) 133 lined the beaches west ofMundo Point haltto the Last of the P-3As Racingagainst time, Seabees and advancing oil slick. They began setting The last NavyP-3A Orion aircraft Roosevelt Roads Naval Station person- 1,700 feet of oil-confinement booms to was phased out of active service Nov. nel helped avert contamination of the retard the floating menace. Naval sta- 13,1978, “when Lima Mike 11” took off scenic shoreline on the northeast coast tion skimmer boats launched into the fromNaval Air Station, Brunswick, of Puerto Rico recently when a 126,000- choppy seas managed to pick up about Maine, with a veterancrew from Patrol gallon oil spill threatened to invade the 3,000 gallons of oi1,hefore seaweed and Squadron 44 (VP 44). It was a routine, beaches. thick crude oil clogged the siphoning two-houranti-submarine surveillance It all began when rough seas forced a pumps. operation-but it marked the end of an commercial oil company barge to hit a The bulk of the job was leftto the men era innaval aviation. It was the last reef. This caused cracks in the forward wrestling with the heavy containment operational flight of a P-3A Orion by an crude oil tanks and ripped a large gash booms and to the cleanup crews who active duty squadron. in herafter tanks. As the black oil used foam anddried grassto absorb the The flight also marked transition to gushed out, it spreadover a 25-mile greasy mess. the new P-3C Update I1 Orion by VP- area, carrying it toward the naval sta- When the crisis ended, the men were 44, the first squadron exclusively outfit- tion. The nearby Navy base was imme- pleased with themselves for a job well ted with the new plane. The 13-member diately alerted. done. They had prevented a near disas- crew has a total of 172 years of service Fast action and teamworkprevented ter. Becauseof them,the beaches and 42,500 total flight hours. the on-rushing hazardwhen 70 Seabees remain clean and safe forothers to The P-3As will continue, of course, in fromthe Naval Mobile Construction enjoy. -BY 503 Jefl Powers the Naval Reserve.

Steaming on Salt Molten salt heated to 385 degrees C (725degrees F) willbe converted to ready-to-use steam at 800 p.s.i. for heat- ing homes, offices and working spaces. This is the plan unveiled recently by the Naval Research Laboratory in Wash., D.C.,when work began on aunique boiler tank. The prototype tankis the key compo- nentof a new concept called SOL- CHEM developed by NRL‘s Dr. Talbot A. Chubb. “The energy storage and transfer tank operates very much like a home pres- sure cooker, butat a higher temperature

ALL HANDS 19 Bearinss

andon a massivescale,” said Dr. as difficult, the guided missile cruiser as to set aside more time for shipboard Chubb. This fusion process concept USS Fox (CG 33) is tackling her over- training. could be the forerunner of much larger haul at Bremerton, Wash.,in a different The goal of the programis to increase storage systems for industrial or mil- manner. crew readiness while ships are in over- itary uses,” the NRL scientist said. USS Fox is implementing the Chief haul. The information collected by Fox “These tanks will someday be used in of Naval Operations’ Pilot Ship Pro- will determine thefuture of the new large solar thermal power plants where gram for crew training during theship- concept. energy collected during daylight would yard period. Under the program,a be made available at night. significant part of the work package In Memoriam “In NRL‘s experimental tank,the normally accomplished by the ship’s heat input will be by means of electrical force has been allocated to theshipyard Near sundown on Nov. 8 last year, heaters,” Chubb said. “But eventually, forcompletion. This, coupled with snare drumsechoed once againover the in large commercial storage tanks, ther- additional funds from CNO, will allow one-time campground in Annapolis, mal input could be supplied from any the ship to send a greater number of Md., where, in 1781, French and Ameri- source of high temperature heat, such as crew members to outside schools as well can troops under Count Rochambeau nuclear reactors, fossilfuels or solar thermal collectors.” Thetank underconstruction will measure 10 feet in diameter and be 12 feethigh, actually astorehouse for about 2,000 kilowatt hours of thermal energy. Salts in large steel cans will absorb energy at an input rate of150 kilowatts, while turning out up to 500 kilowatts of power, the transfer being accomplished by a method of evapora- tion and condensation. NRL’s Director of Research, Dr. Alan Berman, said the tank “will store energy 24 hours aday, making it an important contribution to our nation’s energy efforts.” NRL’s new developments in energy storage and transfer are being jointly I supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Department of Ener- gy’s Division of Energy Storage.

’ IncreasingReadiness

Overhaul. That’s when a ship’s home- port is exchanged for a shipyard; when the crew makes major modifications to ship components;and whennew sys- tems are installed. Although an overhaul is recognized

20 paused en route to the climactic battle ceremonysponsored by the midship- cated in 1911 by then-President William of Yorktown. men for the past dozen years. Howard Taft. As the bugle sounded taps, a wreath Troops in colonial army attire,veter- was laid in memory of thoseFrench ans of more recent wars and descend- soldiers and sailors who gave theirlives ants of others, and acontingent of Australian Visit in America’s fight for freedom, at a midshipmen from the Naval Academy monument believed to be the first in the joined American and French officials. On her first deployment, USS Hewirr world dedicated to the unknown dead Approximately 150 French veterans (DD 966), one of the new Spruance- of any war. of World War I participated this year class destroyers, pulls into Sydney, Aus- TheFrench Ambassador, Francois along with community representatives tralia, (see below) past USS Niagara de Laboulaye, joined Maryland’s Act- of the Alliance Francaise, the Order of Falls (AFS 3). The two ships, alongwith ing Governor Blair Lee 111, and Mid- Cincinnati, Sons and Daughters of the USS Kinkaid (DD 965), another new shipmanRobert Smout, president of AmericanRevolutioh, and Military Spruance-classdestroyer also on her the US. Naval Academy French Club, Order of the World Wars. firstdeployment, participated in in placingthe wreath-an annual Themonument initially was dedi- Longex 78 off New Zealand.

21 The Advancement System

STORY BY JOI DAN WHEELER tions.Instead, it highlightsthe ments that every individual is qualified PHOTOS BY PHITERRY advancement process and explains the and any or all should be advanced if MITCHELL behind-the-scenes operation of the manning quotas permit.” entire advancement system. A.fter breezing bysome and agonizing Discriminating and Qualifying Exams over other multiple choice questions on *** a Navywide advancementexamination, “The most important requirement in ,few people would compliment the Navy the enlisted advancement system is the “Man,oh man. There wasn’tany- .for aioh well done. But, that is exactly CO’s recommendation of individual thing on that examI have to know to do what a U.S. House of Representatives’ candidates,” said Walter Birdsall, edu- my job” has been the lament of Navy committee did 10 years ago after com- cational specialist at the Naval Educa- people for years. Usually, if the truth pletingits investigation of military tionand Training Program enlisted promotion s-vstems.Congress DevelopmentCenter (NETPDC)at concluded that the Navy’s advancement Pensacola,Fla. “When a CO recom- system was superior to all others mends a sailor,that means the person is because it is total1.v visible to qualified in all respects to assume the participants. duties and responsibilities of the next Every sailor knew then, and knows paygrade.” today, whatmust be done to he In thepast, some CPOs, division advanced. Each understands the impor- officers and others all the way up the tance of performance, exam scores, chain of commandthought the awardsand an assortment of other advancementexam would disqualify items in .figuring the ,final multiple- marginal candidates. This, accordingto that all-importantcalculation based NETPDC officials, is not true. sole(v on a person’s overall quallfica- “The exams will not qualify not dis- tions and experience. qualify anyone,” saidCommander H.V. Step by step, the advancement pro- Fischer Jr., NETPDC‘sDeputy of cessis outlined intraining manuals. Training Programs and ExamDevelop- Detailed information is available from ment.“COS are tasked with making Navy career counselors. Qualifications honest and conscientious performance for advancement in each ratingare out- evaluationand advancement recom- lined in The Manual of Navy Enlisted mendations. It is the CO’s responsibility Manpowerand Personnel Classifica- to recommend onlv those people who tions andOccupational Standards are fully qualified.Therefore, we can (NA VPERS18068-0). assume when authorizingadvance- Just as Congress noted, all who want Because Navywide advancement examinations to advance in the Navy have the “how- are “discriminating” tests, each exam writer to” information attheir ,fingertips. must maintain a bank cfpotential questions qf Therefore, this presentation doesn’t the “should know” variet.v. The answer to each question in the hank must he confained in a delve in.to minute details already out- reference listed in the rating’s Occupational lined in otficial manuals and instruc- Standards or Bibliography Sheets.

22 were known,the disgruntled sailors So, must know information is that 9 are discriminating exams-they dis- were admitting theydidn’t study allref- knowledge a petty officer must have to criminate between qualified people of erences listed in their rating’s Occupa- function effectively. Should know varying abilities and .knowledge. tional Standards (NAVPERS 18068-D, information is that knowledgewhich ’ On the other hand, qualifying exams, Change “X) and Bibliography Sheets places apetty officer anotch above suchas the seaman’s exam,contain (NAVEDTRA 10052-Z), both of which those who have not applied themselves questions of the must know variety. To are available fromtheir educational as diligently. (Should know is the infor- pass such. an exam, a candidate must services officer (ESO). mation tested on advancement exams.) know the answers to certain key ques- Still, there is some truth in the com- Nice to know information is just that, tions about the essentials of a job. plaint. Navywide advancementexams and is not generally tested because most It gets tougher to advance the higher were not designed to test must know of it has no practical application. one goes because of keenercompetition information. When an individual is “Ourexams do not ‘qualify’ people for fewer billets and lower manning recommended foradvancement, the for advancement-Cos are supposed to quotas in the higher paygrades. At the command is certifying that he or she do that,” said Master Chief Signalman beginningof the advancement ladder, already knows themust know informa- Jerome Dederich, anNETPDC exam however, an unqualifiedperson could tion. That leaves only the should know writer. “Navywide exams merely rank become a petty officer simply because of and nice to know information as testa- already qualified people fromthe most good recall ofrate training manual ble material. qualified to the least qualified.Their material and the CO’s recommenda- How do the threediffer? Consider an final multiple showshow they stack uption. “When that does happen, and example from the journalist rating. against everyoneelse who tookthe I’m not implying that ithappens often,” * Every JO must know how to scale a exam.” saidFrank Commander E. Bassett, photograph for publication. That is the purpose of advancement Deputy for Enlisted Advancement, “it * Every JO shouldknow several exams in the petty officer paygrades- hurts the individual because he or she is methods of scaling a photograph. to place people in order of competence unable to handle increased responsibil- * It would be nice to know how many based on their overall job knowledge. ity. Ithurts qualified people because methods there are of scaling photos. Advancement exams for E-4 through E- there is more competition for advance- ment where, perhaps, only a few billets I exist.And i; huris Navy commands because they have to function, at least temporarily, with an unqualified person in a position of responsibility.”

P-Values and Other Mysteries ^. Navy people sometimes wonderhow, or if,150 multiple choice exam ques- tions can measure an individual’s job comprehension. The answer liesin statistics. “We are trying to test people’s total occupational knowledge,” saidPhil Baranowski, an NETPDC statistician. “Since we couldn’t possibly askthe thousands upon thousandsof questions this would require, we use a statistically valid sample of 150 questions, each of which has four answer choices. “We assume candidates are qualified for advancement,” he said,“so the test doesn’t distinguish between those who are andthose who are not, but simply it ranks them according to their should know knowledge. Following an exam, each test ques- tion is computer-analyzed and assigned a P-value. Each P-value represents the

23 The Advancement Svstem percentage of people who answered a perfect raw score,” Baranowskisaid. ple high enough to be selected,” Birdsall particularquestion correctly. For “The highest legitimate score was120 said. “Conversely, a person whowrites a instance,a P-50 means 50 percent of correct responses. To write 150, you’d 70, for instance, hasonly excelled in one thosewho answered it,got it right. have to know everything about every advancementqualification. That sail- (This, incidentally, isconsidered the aspect of your rating.” or’s performance marks could bringhis ideal question.) Navy Standard Scores are represen- or her multiple down to the pointwhere “Eachquestion in theacceptable tative of statisticalpercentiles. They are he or she would not be selected.” range of difficulty, sayP-40 to P-60, computed on the basis of the mean and The Chief of Naval Personnel deter- may appear on a later exam,” Birdsall standard deviation foundin each group mines how many candidatesin each rate said. “Obviously, we can’t ask the same of exam takers. Generally, a standard from E-4 through E-9 will be advanced. question repeatedly or everyone would score of 80 is in the 99thpercentile; a 50 It’s based on manningrequirements and know what questions to expect. How- in the 50thpercentile; and a35 inthe 6th projected losses due to retirements, dis- ever, we do draw on previously asked percentile. chargesand deaths. CNP tells questions when writing new exams.” “Raw scores have to be converted to NETPDC the quotas foreach paygrade NETPDC personnelalso evaluate Navy Standard Scores to be meaning- in each rating. NETPDC thenadvances incorrect responses. Each answerchoice ful,” Baranowski said. “A raw score of those with the highest multiples in each must be feasible because “we are testing 102, for instance,may seem lowout of a rating, taking the personwith the high- people who know theirrating,” Birdsall possible 150, but if it is 15 points above est final multiple first and so on down said. “What have we accomplished if we the second highest score, it’s a very good the list until the rating’s quota is met. ask these ‘experts’ to choose between score. A Navy Standard Score of 79 or The final multiple for advancement one obviously valid answer and three 80 makes the raw score of 102 imme- to E-4 through E-6 consists of points obviously incorrect answers? Each diately recognizable asan excellent awarded for exam score, performance alternative has to be so plausible that a accomplishment.” marks, length of service, time in rate, person with only superficial knowledge The pass/fail cutoff point,which var- awards,and high qualitypoints (for- will select an incorrect response.” ies with each paygrade, is only slightly merly called PNA points).Table 1 No one scores 150 on a Navywide higher than the score which could be depicts final multiple computations for exam; the highest score is 80. (Only one written if a person guessed at all the E-4 through E-9. out of every 400 scores that high.) This answers. It is a failing score because it For advancement to E-7 through E-9, isbecause raw scores, which arethe falls within therandom chance score Each Navywide advancement exam contains number correct out of the total asked, range. Noone who fails a Navywide 150 questions representative of the rating’s are converted to Navy Standard Scores advancement exam is advanced regard- “total universe” of knowledge. Completed exam ranging from 20, a failing score, to 80, .forms are computer scanned at NETPDC to less of how highhis or her final multiple ensure that each question has been answered the highest score. would have been. on(v once and that each answer circle is “In my 15 years at NETPDC, I have “However, you could pass the exam complete!v blackened. As answer sheets are never seen an exam which resulted in a scanned, they are put on magnetic tape which with a low score and have a final multi- is sent to NARDAC,for grading. the final multiple is not the determininl factorthough it does determine whc will be “selection board eligible.” Thosc TABLE 1. FIGURING THE FINAL MULTIPLE who have been so designated will havc their service records reviewed bythc 7 -r E-4&5 3-6 E.-7 i-8 -E-9 appropriate board whichconvene! Max FM Max FM ILlax FM Aax FM KiTm annually.Requirements sought b! Scoreweight score Weighl1s core Weigh) core Weighlt Score Wt, selection boards vary from year to year - - StandardScore 80 35% 80 30% 80 60% 80 50% 80 40% but usually they lookfor leadership cap ability and experience, off-duty educa. PerformanceFactor 70 30% 92 35% 5240% 80 50% 12060% tion, time at sea, and support of tht Length of Service 30 13% 3413% n/a* n/a* n/a* Navy’s equal opportunity goals. (E4/5=LOS-TIR+15) (EG=LOS-TIR+19) Changes made in 1973 allow 95 per. cent of those who tookan advancemeni Time in Rate 30 13% 34 13% n/a* n/a* n/a* exam to move into the zoneof consider. (E4/5=TIRx2+15) ation for advancement. To some, this (E6=TIRx2+19) indicated a gross relaxationof advance. Awards 4.5% 10 12 4.5% n/a* n/a* n/a* ment standards; therefore, the change should be explained. High Quality Points 10 4.5% 12 4.5% n/a* n/a* n/a* Though 95 percent of test takers da (formerly PNA points) pass the exam, that doesn’t mean they L willbe advanced.However, if it did Total 230 100% 264 100% 132 100% 1 60 100% 200 100% meanthey wouldbe advanced, that should cause no one any concern since *Though these items do not figure into calculating the final multiple for E-7 the examis a discriminating, not a qual- through E-9, they are considered by the selection board as directed by the Chief of ifying, test. Naval Personnel. When the Navy reviewed itsadvance- mentsystem, it concluded that an advantage existed for the best test tak- * Standard score-The examscore (BUPERS-INST 1430.16) containsa ers at the expense of many outstanding weighs heavily in the final multiple for list of medals andawards and the performers who were only average test :ach paygrade. If you fail theexam, number of pointsassigned to each. The takers. Twomajor policy changes ‘you will not be advanced,” CDR Bas- maximum number of points possible is resulted: ;ett said. “There are standards which 10 for E-4 and E-5, 12 for E-6. 0 A revision of examination pass nust be met even on a discriminating scores allowed 95 percent of the candi- :xam. A person must have at least a rec- High QualityPoints-Formerly dates to pass and move into thezone of )gnizable minimumof shouldknow called PNA points, ’ HQPs are deter- consideration.This change allows aowledge.” mined by NETPDCand assigned to nearly all candidates to have their final * Performance factor-These points those whohave previously passed an multiplecomputed and all their Ire awarded for performanceevalua- exam in theirpaygrade but have not advancement factors considered. ions over a given period which varies been advanced. Navy officials have long 0 Increased emphasis was placed on rom paygrade to paygrade. felt that recognition was due those who performance, and the weight assigned * Length ofservice-Points for scored well on advancement exams but exam scores in the final multiple was ength of service are determined by sub- were notadvanced. So, in1972, the downgraded. Instead of the old 45/25 racting the number of years served in PNA point systemwas developed.It percent mixof exam/performance in he current paygrade from the number was a compromisebetween requiring all paygrades E-4 through E-6, an almost ,f years served on active duty; add15 to candidatesto start from scratch with equal weight for each factor was hat figure for E-4 and E-5, 19 for E-6. each exam cycle, andnot requiring assigned. (SeeTable 1, Figuringthe * Time inrate-Points for time in them to retake the advancement exam. Final Multiple) ate are computed by multiplying the To qualify for HQPs, a candidatemust These changes did nothingmore than umber of years served in the current have achieved a relatively high score on officially recognize what Navy people aygrade by two and then adding15 for previous exams and received high per- have known all along-sustained supe- 1-4 and E-5, 19 for E-6. formance marks. Points are automati- riqr performance is the major criterion x Awards-Somemedals and cally awarded by NETPDC and range foradvancement. Theentire enlisted wards are worth final multiple points. from .5 to 3 points per exam to a maxi- advancement system is basedon that ‘he Manual for Advancement mum of 10 for E-4/ E-5 and 12 for E-6. principle. .&

MARCH 1979 25 The Advancement System

79 rest of the Navy’s ratingscould easily be RTMs to assist every member of a rat- ing regardless of his or her job at any ble civilian jobs. given.time.” “A sailor may not have to perform all .Except when a new rating is formed, Taking a Navywide advancementthose jobsat any one duty station,” NETPDC personnel are responsiblefor firring exam is especially- tough for the unin- Birdsall said, “but he is responsible for each command’s exam order. Here one petty formed, but writing one challenges even knowing how to do them al,l. Because officer pulls the proper number of exams in each rate and rating. boxes them and ships them the experts. That’s the jobof 300 Navy duties vary from billet to billet, we have ofli Each exam is sealed in plastic and is color officers, chiefs, and civilians at the to provide enoughinformation in coded accordinn to securirv classification. Naval Educationand Training Pro- gram Development Center (NETPDC) in Pensacola, Fla. They alsowrite non- resident.career courses (NRCC)and ratetraining manuals (RTM) for 95 Navy occupations. “These chiefs and officers are the sub- ject matter experts,” said Commander Herman V. Fischer Jr., Deputy for Training Program and Exam Develop- ment.“Their knowledge, ability and experience form the basis for. the initial development of. exams and RTMs. Ci- vilian educational specialists trained in effective communicationtechniques checkevery manualfor format and every examquestion for effective wording.”

Writing RTMs & NRCCs I

Self-scoring ratetraining courses were developed after World War I1 for the benefit of Navy reservists. Working with University of Chicago educators, Navy officials wrotecorrespondence courses and RTMs. Within two years, they’ddeveloped courseson 100 sub- jects. Before long, theprogram was opened to active duty personnel (who enrolled en masse) and the Navy found itself operatingthe country’s largest correspondenceschool. Considering the obstacles whichhave to beover- come to write even one RTM, this was

ALL HANDS RTMs don’thave to be written from which I know nothing, and answer any poorly worded, inaccurate or ambigu- scratch. “It’smostly cutand paste question correctly, without guessing, ous. Exam writers are the experts and work,”.said YNCS Roy E. Turner, who something is wrong with it. Something it’s their job, to ensure that “correct” is currently revising the yeoman RTM. about it tells me the answer, or the answers are indeed correct. Taking the “We take a paragraph written by answer is common knowledge-in test is one final check. another CPO, massage it a little, add either case, the question testsnothing.” Thousands of sailors are advanced some up-to-date information,and com- ExaT writersmaintain a classified and millions of dollars disbursed based bine it with accuratematerial in the ‘bank‘ of,-.prsviously used questions on thematerial developed at NETPDC. manual being revised. The whole pro- which have been statistically analyzed Thejob is tough,the challenges are cess takes about two years; most of it to determine their validity as test items. great and, in no small way, the futureof spent incorporating changes since the Questions, once analyzed, fall into one the Navy depends on the training tools last edition.” of five categories ranging from “accep- and exams NETPDC develops today. In addition to writing the text, RTM table for reuse” to “needs major revi- ‘writers develop NRCCs to accompany sion.” When preparing an exam, writers each manual. Many newer RTMs have audit their question banks andcarefully NRCCsincorporated in an appendix screen each item for wording andtimeli- Step by Step vice a separate book as before. Ques- ness. Each item is double checked - tions in NRCCs are designed to guide against the Bibliography to ensure that studentsthrough RTM material and it is still appropriate for the rate. If you are among the thousandswho will not necessarily appear onNavywide Those are but fewa ofthe examwrit- want to wear a rocker and stars above advancement exams. ing procedures. Others are: writingjob a your crow, prepare now for advance- “Some RTMsections are very impor- description foreach rate, outlining ment. This “journey of a 1,000 miles” tant, yet no questions are asked about exam objectives, and writing new ques- begins with a single step into the educa- themin the NRCC,” said oneRTM tions to reflect changes in Navy ratings. tional services office for a copy of The writer. “Thatmaterial is still testable Writing original questions is the most Manualof Navy Enlisted Manpower and you’dbe foolishnot to studyit; difficult task exam writers face. Each andPersonnel Classifications and however, the writerfelt the information item must comply with nearly 30 struc- OccupationalStandards’ (NAVPERS was self-explanatory”. tural requirements.Some, such as 18068-D). Study itscontents. It con- avoiding awkward wording, are easy. tainsa listing of the minimum skills Others, however, are more complex: required for advancement to each pay- Writing the Exams Itemsshould not involve pure grade andis considered “must”reading. recall of information. Foryour convenience, the Occupa- Working sideby side with RTM wri- Every item must stand independent tional Standards portion of the manual ters are the exam writers. They try to of all other items on an exam. has been reprinted in apamphlet for capture theessentials of a Navy occupa- An item should measure informa- each rating. tion in 150 multiplechoice questions tion of the should know variety. Next, get a copy of the latest edition written from references listed in the Bib- All alternativeanswers must be of The Bibliography for Advancement liography for Advancement Study. similarly structured. Study, also from the educational serv- “If you can’t ‘bib’ (bibliography) it, Positive, not negative, aspects of a ices officer (ESO). It lists required and you can’t ask it,” said Senior Chief Jim rating should be emphasized. recommended ratetraining manuals Dewater who writes journalist exams. Clues to correct answers must be (RTM)and other reference material “Thisprocedure eliminates inappro- avoided. used to write Navywide advancement priate questions andlets each candidate Alternative answers shouldbe con- exam questions. Courses marked by an know in advance exactly what material cise and nearly equal in length. asterisk (*) are mandatory. is testable.” Eachalternative answer must be Once you’ve studiedrequired and Writing exams, accordingto one edu- plausible. recommended RTMs, completethe cational specialist, is a combination of appropriate non-resident career courses high art form and sophisticatedscience. “The ideal answer is the one which (NRCC) included in themanuals. A Navy chiefs combinetheir technical comes immediately to the mindof a word of caution: don’t study only the knowledgeof an occupation with the knowledgeable candidate after reading NRCC questions, studythe entire man- specialized communication skills of ci- thequestion,” said an exam writer. ual. Questionswere written to guide stu- vilians to produce anexam freeof “Actually,writing thequestions and dents through the RTMmaterial; how- ambiguities. correct answers is easy-finding plausi- ever, the entire manual is testable. “There are atleast 73 potential prob- ble incorrect answers is the tough job.” Complete Personnel Advancement lem areas in any question, all of which On the day the exam is given in the Requirements (PAR) as soon aspossi- occurfrequently,” Birdsall said. “For fleet, the writer takes the test and can ble. PAR factors, which replaced “Prac- example, if I take the sonar exam, abouttoss out questions which then seem ticalFactors,” are based oncurrent

MARCH 1979 27 The Advancement System occupational standards for each rating your service record to make sure all per- up four orfive times in a row and then and all E-4 through E-7 candidates are formance evaluations, TIS, TIR, cor- doesn’t appearagain for several required to have them checked off. respondence courses and awards have columns of questions. PAR is divided intothree sections: been accuratelyrecorded. Check this Also,don’t look for “trick administrativerequirements such as informationagainst exam worksheets questions”-there aren’t any.Read time-in-service (TIS)and time-in-rate prepared by the ESO to ensurethat each qdestioncarefully and don’t try to (TIR);formal school and training your beginning multiple (same as final read more into an item than what is requirementssuch asmandatory “A” multiple minusexam score) shows every asked. Even if a question seems unusu- schools; and occupational and military point to which you are entitled. ally easy, don’tfret-every exam has abilityrequirements for which candi- Onceall this is completed, you’re some freebies. Remember also there is datesdemonstrate ability to perform ready to take the exam. only one correct answer for each ques- tasks applicableto their rate and rating. All Naiywideadvancement exams “Hitting the books” and completing have 150 multiple choice questions, check-off lists arenot the only pre- each with four answer choices. They are requisites for advancement.Perform- given on the same day worldwide to anceonthe job extremely is minimize opportunity for compromise important-evaluationsdictate if you and give every candidate equal oppor- will be recommended for advancement. tunity for advancement. At each exam Additionally,superior performance center,proctors explain exam proce- evaluations add points to the final mul- dures and answer “how to” questions tiple and even one extra point has been about completing answer sheets. known to make a difference. Thereare no secrets to takingthe A few weeks before the exam,review three-hourexam except these: know your subject, get a good night’s sleep Writing rate training manuals is a precise and beforehand, and come prepared to do possess sufficient militaryand demanding,joh. Here, BUC B.G. Hinkle,an your level best. Answers don’t conform RTM writer, confers with Glenn R. to any prearranged system, so don’t be Mc Monigle. an educational specialist, to ensure that what was written was what was meant. alarmed if answer 2, for instance, pops 0 Have the required time-in-rate and

0 Demonstrate an understanding of he information in mandatoryrate

areer courses. 0 Demonstrate the abilityto perform

0 Be certified by thecommanding fficer to be eligible in all respects for

0 PO3and PO2 candidates must

ership examination. Demonstrate knowledgeof the

g a Navywideag advancement

dual meets all require- s satisfactorily onthe mmended by the com-

28 ALL HANDS tionand it is absolutely correct,not blackened.“Frequently, this happens cies include listing an incorrect social “mostcorrect” or “morecorrect.” In because people use a light pencil,” said security number. Either typeof mistake practically all cases, however, alterna- Norma Kyser, lead clerk at NETPDC. can delay an individual’s exam results. tive answer choiceswill be plausible “The scanner won’t ‘read‘ light marks, Both slow the scoring system and cause enough to stump thosewith only super- so it’s advisable to use either an electro- headaches for Navy civilians and offi- ficial knowledge of their rating. graphic mark-sensing pencil or a 1 or 2 cers at NETPDC. Duringeach exam cycle, advance- pencil.” “When exam answer sheets arrive,” ments are delayed becauseeither exami- 0 Doodling in thecomputer time CDR Bassett said, “they are logged in nees or theircommands incorrectly tracks on the left side of answer sheet. and placed in batches of 11 commands complete exam paperwork. “However,” Don’t make any unnecessary marks on each.Each batch is immediately said CommanderFrank E. Bassett, the answer sheet. assigned acode number so we can Deputyfor Enlisted Advancement at Failure to include correct primary retrieve it easily at anypoint in the scor- NETPDC, “it’susually a case of Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC). ing process. improperly marked answersheets. That 0 Incorrect TIR or TIS. Frequently, “Batches gothrough an optical alone candelay an examresult for upto the TIR indicated exceeds TIS. scanner which transfers information on three weeks.” Incorrectunit identification code exams to magnetic tape. The tapeis sent Some common errors are : (UIC). Not matching printed information Somemistakes are “mechanical at top of exam with computer-scanned errors;”others are “discrepancies.” Ella Arnold, an edit clerk, threads magnetic information at bottomindicated by Mechanical errors include notblacken- tape on one of NETPDCs computers. This computer scans exam answer sheets.for darkened circles. ing in circles entirely and marking a“Q mechanical errors and records the information Answer circles not completely where an “0was intended. Discrepan- on magnetic tape.

MARCH 1979 The Advancement Svstem tothe Navy RegionalData Center answer sheets separatelyand correct the “Sometimes incorrect informationis on (NARDAC)at NASPensacola for errors. Sometimes, this entails copying theworksheet prepared by theESO; scoring by computer,’’ the commander damagedexams onto new answer other times, thecandidate actually said.“Answer sheets containing sheets.” doesn’t have enough time inservice. In mechanical errors are ‘kicked’ out by When magnetic tapes arrive at NAR-either case, we send anExamination thescanner and manually corrected DAC, they are ‘read‘by the Navy’s Status Verification Report (ESVR) to before being reinserted and recorded. examscoring computer. Each non- the appropriate command tolearn can- “About 7,000 to 10,000 answer sheets discrepant exam is graded andassigned didates’ actual status.” out of 75,000 eachexam cycle are a Navy Standard Score.Discrepant Discrepant candidatesdon’t delay the rejected by the scanner for errorswhich exams are handled individually. scoring process for anyone but them- should have been caught at the local “Themost common discrepancy is selves. Fact is, most discrepancies are command exam center.We reviewthese insufficient TIS,” CDR Bassett said. resolved before exam results are pub- lished due tothe diligence of NETPDC personnel in locating errors andcorrect- ing them. “Afterthe computer scores the exams, it adds theNavy Standard Score to each individual’s beginning multiple and codifies them by rate and rating,” CDR Bassett said. “Next,BUPERS tells us how many in each rate and rat- ing to advance based on their quotas. If, for instance, BUPERS says to advance six DM2s to DM1, we have the compu- ter count down the six DM2s with the highest finalmultiple andthey are advanced.The sixth candidate’s final multiple then becomes thecut-off score for that rate and rating.” Next, rate change authorizations are mailed to commands. They containper- tinent information such as examinees’ final multiple, exam scores, exam pro- files, and date tobe advanced. With CO approval, each candidate is advanced on the date specified by NETPDC. Al! others get notices explaining where they were deficient. Greatlysimplified, that is the advancement process. Those who suc- ceed are rewarded with moremoney, prestige, and responsibility. And, since everyone can’t be advanced at once in a vacancy drivenadvancement system, some don’t succeed until nexttime. Yet, they also profit. Each gains increased occupationalknowledge from their preparation; each is all the more ready next time around. Frequentlv, exam results are dela.ved because answer sheets are incorrectlv completed. One bv one mechanical errors are corrected, but sometimes it takes more than simplv darkening a circle or erasing doodling in time tracks. Here, Ella Arnold irons a wrinkled answer sheet to make it,flat enough to go through the optical scanner. On occasion. IUS Arnold also has to c0p.v answer sheets onto new,forms because the originals have been stapled, had coffee spilled on them, 01 in some other nqqr were damaged beyond repair.

30 ALL HANDS Table 2. Specific Requirements for Advancement

Requirements . E-I to E-2E-2 to E-3 E-3 to E-4 E-4 to E-5E-5 to E-6 E-6 to E-7 E-7 to E-8E-8 to E-9 Service 6 mos. 6 mos.as 6 mos. as 12 mos.as 24 mos.as 36 mos.as 36 mos. as 36 mos. as E-2E-3, 2 yrs. E-4, 3 yrs.E-5, 7 yrs: E-6, 10 yrs. E-7, 13yrs. E-8, 16 yrs. 1 TIS TIS TIS TIS TIS TIS RTC (CO none Class"A" Naval Jus- n.oneNavy School none none 1School advance may for PR3, ticefor School AGC, up to 10% IS3,DT3, for LN2 MMCMUC, of company) AMS3,HM3, . PH3, FTB3, MT3, MU3, EW3

PAR none none (PersonnelPAR Advancement Requirement),must none none NAVPERS be completed for advancement to E-4 through E-7 14141'4 I Performance none none Specified ratingsmust completeapplicable none none Test performance tests before taking Navywide advancement examination

Military none none Must be passed before none none none none Leadership advancement exam for Examination E-4 and E-5 candidates

Enlisted As used by ' co 'Counts toward performance factor credit in advancement Performance when approving ' finalmultiple for all E-4 through E-9 candidates Evaluation advancements ,

Obligated There is no set amount of obligatedservice required either to All CPO candidates must have two Service Re- take the Navywide advancement examination or to accept yearsremaining obligated service to quired advancement to paygrades E-I through E-6 accept appointment to a CPO paygrade

NETPDC Examinations Locallypre- Or . Navywide advancement examin- Must take Navywide advancement pared testslocally ations required for advancement - examand be selected by Navywide CPO Prepared to all petty officer paygrades or SCPO/MCPOSelection Board, - test

~ Non-resident none Requiredfor E-3 and all pettyofficer advancements unlessNon-resident career career course waived because of completion of Navyschool.Courses need coursesand recom- and RTM notbecompleted but once, Le.,thosewhocompletethe3&2 mended reading, see course for PO3 need not complete same course again forNAVEDTRA 10052 advancement to P02. CO reco'm- All Navy advancements require the commanding officer's recom )datl:pn for advancement ., mendation I ., -

Authorization Commanding Officer Naval Education and Tr.ainingProgram Development Center authorizatienre- for advancement I quired for advancement to E-4 through E-9 in addition to command approval Table 3. Scheduling, Scoring and Notification Process for Advancement Exams

P AYG RA DE EXAM GIVEN EXAM OUOTA NOTIFICATIONSELECTIONOUOTA EXAM GIVEN EXAMPAYGRADE SCORED ,BOARD/ DETERMINED NOTIFICATION

E-4 - E-6 MarchrAprilMarch May . . ' June not applicable

September September- November . December for E-4 thrOUg~~.~,;~C.*.'~,~.~~*:".Y7 .;"'5*&%3* October E-6 candidates re>?::zpeqF;: E-7 February January May April (board JuneIAugust eligible) E-8 - E-9 November December JanuaryFebruary (board March/June eligible)

ARCH 1979 31 GUAM... Where America’s day begins

STORY BY J02 JANET DAWSON AND LT H.A. HILTON

“Hafa adai,”is one of the first expres- sions everynewcomer learns. It’s a catch-all phrase in Chamorro-Guam’s nativelanguage-equivalent to “Aloha.” It means “Hello,” “How are you?” or “You’re looking good today.” One of the most progressive of the Western Pacific islands, Guam lies 13 degrees north of the equator,some 3,600 miles west and slightly south of Hawaii. It is the largest in the Marianas group. Located on the otherside of the inter- national dateline, Guam is always a day ahead of the Continental United States. Guam is, indeed, “where America’s day begins.” Magellan discovered the island group in 152 1 and named it Ladrones Islands. In 1668 theSpanish colonized the islands and changed the nameto Maria- nas in’ honor of Mariana of Austria, then regent of Spain. Guam was ceded to the United States after the Spanish-American War by a peace treaty signed in Paris onDec. 10, 1898. During World War I1 the island wasoccupied by theJapanese from December 1941 to July 1944. The island was governed by military governors until the OrganicAct of 1950, then by appointed civilian governors. Under the jurisdiction of the Depart- ment of the Interior, theisland’s gover- nors havebeen elected since 1970. Nativeislanders are U.S. citizens, although they cannot vote in presiden- tial elections. Certain things about Guam remind you of home. The island boasts thebest road systemin the western Pacific, along with modern shopping areas,ho- tels andrestaurants. Shoppers find a

ALL HANDS wide variety of goodsfrom Taiwan, mainland China, Japan, thePhilippines and Micronesia-items that mightbe difficult to find, let alone expensive, back in the states. Television is available through two local stations-oneeducational-as well as via transoceanic cable fromCali- fornia.Broadcasts from California, however, are generally a week late, on the average. Guam boasts fourradio stations, a daily newspaper, and Navy internal media including an islandwide newspaper andan AmericanForces Radio Service outlet. Militarydependents usually attend Guam’s public schools. The University of Guam offers bothgraduate and undergraduateprograms. Classes are also available for the military through the Navy Campusfor Achievement, with offices at major installations, and through other programs. Thereare more than 30 separate Navy commands on the island, as well as Andersen Air ForceBase, the Marine Barracks, the Army’s 5 15th Ordnance Co.,and several U.S. CoastGuard activities. Coordinating all Navy activi- ties is Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Marianas,currently Rear Admiral David S. Cruden.

Opposite page: “Boonie stompers”hike through Guamanian .jungleto a,favorite swimming hole. This page: Old churches, modern homes and friendlv ,farm animals are part of Guam’s sights.

MARCH 1979 35 I In addition, ComNavMarianas is the Commander in Chiefs Pacific represen- tative for Guam and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI). The TTPI, also known as Microne- sia, is a vast territory encompassing six districts made up of over 2,000 islands, spread fromthe Marshalls in the east to Palau in the west. Guam’s Navy commands arediverse. They include the Naval Air Station, Fleet WeatherCentral, Naval Com- munications Area Master Station, Ship Repair Facility, Naval Supply Depot, the submarine tender USS Proteus (AS 19) and deployed Seabees. Thereare regional medical anddental centers (and clinics at most facilities). Consolidatedrecreatlon, with three districts, offersclasses rangingfrom martial arts and mechanics to ceramics and cake decorating. Military personnel and their dependents are served by 3ev-

Y era1 commissaries and exchanges. Therescuba diving and other water sports. Grotto, an inland chimney opening to aretheaters and clubs onmajor The island is the gateway to even the sea. installations. moreexotic diving experiences. The The biggest event in 1975 was Opera- For those with special interests, there Truk Lagoon, where more than 80 Jap- tion Newlife, during which some are sports through consolidatedrecrea- anese ships were sunk by Navy planes 110,000 refugees fleeing South Vietnam tion, a little theatergroup anda myriad during World War11, is only 90 minutes were processedand housed before going of clubs and organizations. There are by air. Palau, reputed to have the finest on to theUnited States. A small percen- trips to Guam's many points of interest, and most unspoiled diving areas in the courtesy of the USO. world, is about two hoursby air. To the Opposite page, top: ComNavMarianas The island's year-round temperature north,Saipan offers reefs, complete headquarters building. Below: Coves ringed b.v rugged mountains and dear mountain streams ranges from 70 to 80 degrees. The with World War I1 relics and the Blue are part of Guam's attraction. waters of the Pacific offer swimming, scuba diving, snorkeling, sailing and surfing. Guam is ringed bycoral reefs; the reef flats and shallows offer beautiful snor- keling. There is no industrial pollution on Guam-air or water-and this makesfor underwater visibility rou- tinely from 50 to 100 feet. The clarity, coupled with the vast coral formations andthousands of fish, tempta large number of people to try their hand at

I MARCH 1979 35 tage of those refugees remained on Guam, ding tothe island‘s already varied population. DuringOperation Newlife,Guam’s military and civilian people were quick to aid the Vietnamese refugees. Centers were established allover the island.Mil- itarypersonnel, particularly Seabees, worked round the clock, building tent cities, a supplydepot anda medical and dental center. In 1976, supertyphoon Pamela hit the island-the first major typhoon in the area since 1962. Reconstructioncosts were estimated at $350 million, with the Navy’s portion of that coming to $125 million. Money for reconstruction is being spent for housing improvements, entertainment,athletic facilities and working spaces. Life on theisland is pleasant and var- ied. Military people participatein island life-evident every time the ComNav- Marianas band gives a concert at the Plaza de Espana or at a local school. On the less visible side, the military and thecivilian community jointlymeet the island’s energy requirements with a chain of power plants. Themajority of Navycivilian workers are local people. The Navy has also turned over variousparcels of land to be used for agriculture, or, as in one case,for a community center. Navy wives also teach in Guam’s schools. There are other military representa- tives in the TTPI. Most notable among these arethe Seabee and Air ForceCivic ActionTeams (CAT) which have workedon projects in Truk,Palau, Kusaie and Yap. In Kusaie, the,Seabees built an emergency airstrip-vitally importantsince the island had been accessible onlyby ship. In Palau, the CAT built both a road andbridge, a and an Air Forceteam on Truk‘s Fefan Island recently completed a perimeter road. The island also benefits from Project Handclasp, with donatedgoods by stateside organizations. Theseare trans- portedon aspace available basis by Navy ships and distributedby the Navy. Various U.S. Navy ships often call at island ports,undertaking people-to- people projects as well.

36 ALL HANDS Guam may be a long way from Cali- fornia, but it’s close toJapan, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, Tai- wan and Micronesia itself. Navy people can visit Saipanto see thebeautiful flame trees and countless World WarI1 relics, Ponape forits architectural ruins, Truk for diving near the remains of the World War I1 Japanese Imperial Fleet, and Palau for the sheer beauty of its rock islands. Anddon’t forget Guam itself. The Chamorro culture has astrong Spanish influence, interesting traditionsand his- tory, friendly people and fiesta foods. Just oneof the many interesting areas the Navy calls home, Guam offers a dif- ferent living experience to thoseused to the Continental United States. “Photos b.v JOCS John D. Burlage. pH2 Rob Tedder and L T Hilton.

Rugged mastlines, .jungle waterfalls, motorcycles and, most imporrant!,*. the people of Guam explain why sailors leave with .fond memories qf this Paciffi’cisland.

MARCH 1979 Americans have

a way withI~ .I children

I 38 ALL HANDS I 1

i

Everyone was there-Sailors and Marines from USS John F. Kennedy (CV67), children, orphanage directors, theMother Superior, Bishop Capano of theNaples archdiocese, Kennedy’s skipper,Captain Lowell R, Myers, Italian dignitaries andUS0 personnel. They were gathered in a newly renovated recreation room of the Family of Mary Orphanage in Naples to celebrate the completion of volunteer work by Kennedymen, a gift of money forrenovations, and the presentation of playgroundequipment by Marines whose “Toysfor Tots” campaign had netted over $2,000. “Americans have always beenthe onesto give,” Bishop Capano said. “They appreciatethe use of the military for goodness.” Six Kennedymen stayed and worked at the orphanage for more than a week. Numerous volunteers came and went to help repair whatever needed to be repaired. As Hull Technician Fireman Harold Dunlap said, “We’ve put on doorknobs, fixed closet doors, windows, shutters, everything.” While the Mother Superior spokeof her happiness at the workdone by the Kennedymen,Luigie Napolitano, a Naples policeman, said, “It’s something she’s wanted to do for years, but nobody would do it.” And when Kennedy arrived in Naples, a dream came true. “Story bv J02 John Fahnley Photos by pH3 Tyrone Ramsey

MARCH 1979 kit fromyour new command. Don’t assume that one will be-forwarded to you automatically,except in a case where you have been ordered overseas. Such welcome aboardinformation is furnished at the same time you receive your entry authorization into the over- seas area. Sponsor Program

Knowing whatto expect and having a specific contact personat your new duty station can make thedifference between a goodmove and a badmove. The Navy Sponsor Program can help make that difference. Upon receipt of change of station orders,the service membershould request assignment of a sponsor. The individual’s commanding officer for- wards the request to the receiving com- , mandingofficer for action. (See BUPERS Manual 1810580.) Thesponsor shouldthen take all steps necessary to ensurethat the incomingservice member receives Family Assistance informationabout the area well in advance. The sponsoralso should make arrangements to assist the new member and member’s family upon arrivalat the new duty station. In its concern .for the welfare of the Personal Services Center total Navy .famil-v, the Navy has gone beyond primaryconsideration of medi- A permanent changeof station (PCS) Legal Assistance Program cal and health care, housing, and survi- transfer is a time of questions for the vors’ benejitsto offerassistance in many Navy family-What will the new area From helping Navy men and women other ways. be like? What kind of housing will be understand an installment contract to This fourth segment on Navy rights available? Where will the children goto andbenefits provides information on writing a will, Navy legal assistance is school? To respond to these questions, where Navyfamily members can get available in many forms. the Navy has established some 40 Per- special kinds of ,family-related assist- This free service, part of the profes- sonal Services Centers (PSCs) at sta- sional help providedunder the Navy ance. From interest:free loans available tions in the United States and abroad. Legal Assistance Program, is intended throughthe Navv Relief Societyto the These centers maintain Welcome primarily as a benefit for active duty .free care provided under lhe Aboard kits describing that 200 Navymembers. It is extendedon a and Drug Abuse Treatment programs, Navy and Marine Corps installations. limited basis to retirees andtheir Navy peoplecan turn,for assistance to a Some PSCs carry similar information dependents,survivors of eligible variety of Navy-sponsored and Navy- on Army and Air Force activities. Kits members, andto civilians employed related organizations. The address, and, contain brochures, maps and informa- overseas by the Armed Services. in some cases, telephonenumbers, of tionon housing,commissary and Services providedunder the Navy these organizations appear at the end of exchange services, schools,recreation Legal Assistance Program include: this segment. facilities and civic activities. 0 Researching the law and advising Housing informationtells you howto Navy members with regard to rights and arrange forbase housing in advance and remedies, as well asduties and how to be placed on the waiting list. obligations. Included are lists of temporary lodgings 0 Preparing legal correspondence on and guesthouses,motels with special behalf of eligible clients, negotiating rates, and mobile home parks. with another partyor his or her lawyer, You may request a Welcome Aboard andpreparing various types of legal

40 ALL HANDS documentsincluding wills and ways, too. Working closely with Navy wide. Usually, the first step on the road pleadings. Relief, Red Cross and other community to recovery for those who need help is Insome limited cases, providing agencies, the chaplain can help make the 53 Counseling and Assistance Cen- full legal representationincluding in- appropriate referrals to those channels ters (CAACs) whichnow incorporate court appearances on behalf of eligible of assistance which are needed, whether AlcoholRehabilitation Drydocks personnel. itbe for financial, health,marital or (ARDs). Establishment of sixmore 0 Advice to persons with discrimina- emergency leave problems. CAACs is projected for FY 79. tion complaints under the Civil Rights A spirituallyoriented program of As a division within a command,each Act of 1964 and SECNAVINST5350.5 personal growth and spiritual develop- CAAC conformsto theneeds of a geo- series. ment, called CREDO, is another pro- graphical areaand remains accessible to Services which do not fall under the gram inwhich chaplains are deeply command involvement. Although 18 NavyLegal Assistance Programbut involved. It was started in San Diego, CAACs do have10-15 bed inpatient which are provided by the Navy Legal Calif., in1971 by the Chiefof Naval capability, primarily they screen, evalu- Services Office include: Personnel,and chaplains havebeen ate and conduct outpatient counseling continuously assjgned toCREDO to of both alcohol and drug abusers. 0 Assigneddefense counsel for conduct weekend workshops, discus- AlcoholRehabilitation Centers memberscharged with criminalcon- sion groups and to foster family rela- (ARCs), the largest treatment facilities duct under the Uniform Code of Mil- tionships in the various CREDO cen- in the program(75 beds), offer a full six- itary Justice (UCMJ). ters. CREDO also operates in Norfolk week intensive inpatienttreatment 0 Professionaladvice involving and there are plans to expand the con- approach. Professionals-with or with- UCMJ Article 15 proceedings (cap- cept to other areas. out degrees-most of whom are reco- tain’s mast). vered alcoholics on active duty, provide 0 Professionaladvice regarding Alcohol and Drug Abuse a blend of medicaltreatment, individual administrativeproceedings such as Treatment Programs and group counseling, Alcoholics Ano- admin discharges. nymous involvement, therapy and edu- Advice concerninga member’s pri- Alcoholism is an illness. It is preven- cation,and, if desired,spiritual vately owned business or private table and can be treated. Navy studies reinforcement.ARCs, like all Navy income-producingactivity is not show that two years after being treated rehabilitationand treatment facilities, authorized or provided by the Navy in a Navy facility, about 70 percent of stress awhole-life approach to recovery Legal Services Office. the alcoholics performas well as or bet- and encourage family participation in terthan their peers, andare recom- the rehabilitation process. Chaplains mended for or have been re-enlisted or AlcoholRehabilitation Services advanced. In addition,90 percent of the (ARSs) are inpatient facilities attached Navy chaplains are fully qualified treatedalcoholics receive “good” or to hospitals. ARSs operate at 23 loca- ministers, priests and rabbis endorsed “excellent” performanceevaluations tions with one more planned this fiscal by their respective religious bodies to from their commanders. year. As smaller versionsof ARCs, provide appropriate ministry to mil- The Navy Alcohol and Drug Abuse most of these units treat as many as 15 itary personnel and their families. Program(NADAP) operates world- people at a time on an inpatient basis. Theyprovide religious ministry according to the tenets and teachings of their respective religious bodies. Those whodesire particular religious rites (baptism,bar/ bas mitzvah, wedding, etc.) should contact theirlocal chaplain who will assist them personally or refer them to a chaplain of their particular faith. Pastoral care is another way chap- lains assist the Navy family. The chap- lain visits workareas, hospitals, and homes, and isin the field expressing care for the person andhis or her adjust- ment to military life, interpersonal rela- tionships or troublesome prouems. As a pastoral counselor, the chaplain canbring reconciliation and hope to those in need. A chaplaincan assist Navy people andtheir families in moretangible

MARCH 1979 41 (Ten locations have facilities for more tion usually takes from three to seven pose is to assist Navy and Marine Corps than I5 patients.) A hospital staffmedi- days. personnel, both active and retired, their cal officer heads anARS staffed by Benefits extended beyond this stage families, widows and orphans in emer- Navy men and women who are recov- includeinpatient rehabilitation in the gencies. Illness, accidents and delays in ered alcoholics. hospital or othertype of authorized allotment checks are some of the rea- Another Navy program, Navy Alco- institution.However, CHAMPUS sonsfor which theSociety provides hol Safety Action Program (NASAP), reviews each rehabilitative stayto deter- financial aid. aims at early identification of alcohol mine if an inpatient setting is required. The NavyRelief Societyprovides abusers-possibly before they become CHAMPUS limitstreatment for grants of money or interest-free loans alcoholics. NASAP pinpoints problem alcoholism-detoxificationand for emergency financial assistance and drinkersthrough arrests for driving rehabilitation-to 21 days per episode. sponsors other activities such as thrift while intoxicated (DWI)and other CHAMPUS shares the cost for no more shops, budget counseling services, visit- alcohol-related incidents such as disci- than three rehabilitative stays during a ing nurses andlayettes, plus interest- i plinary or performanceproblems. beneficiary's lifetime, but places no free educational loans. NASAP counselors screen between limit on the number of inpatient stays NavyRelief is supported by an 11 to 12 hundred people monthly to for detoxification. annualcontribution drive throughout determinethe severity of alcohol (or the .Navy and Marine Corps and from drug) involvement. After screening, a the incomeof its reserve fund which was counselor then assigns the individualto VA Alcohol andDrug Abuse establishedfollowing a civilian fund one of two levels of action. Less serious Programs drive duringWorld War 11. The work of cases, classified as Level I, attend a 36- the Society is handled by a small staff hour off-duty education program deal- Any VA hospitalaccepts eligible and a large number of volunteers who ing with theprevention of further veterans with alcohol or drug depen- arestationed auxiliariesat and alcohol abuse. (Level I consists of 80 dence problems, but there are facilities branches at the major naval and mil- percent of those screened). Level II- set up specifically for such treatment. itary installations around the world. chronicproblem drinkers or VA provides inpatient hospital care In areas where there is no NRSactiv- alcoholics-means assignment to a fordetoxification of alcoholabuse ity, applicationassistance can be rehabilitative facility for treatment. patients, as needed, with no limit as to referred throughthe American Red Since its inception in September, thenumber of stays. VA limits drug Cross, which will contact Navy Relief. 1974, at Pensacola, Fla., NASAP has dependentpatients up to a 21-day When the application is approved, the expandedto 11 major sites plus 20 detoxification period per episode. Inpa- RedCross is authorized to advance command-sponsored satellites. Of the tientand outpatient services include money to a service member in the name 18,000 people who completedNASAP, rehabilitation and counseling. of the Navy Relief Society. In turn, the , less than seven percentrepeated Red Cross is reimbursed byNavy alcohol-related offenses. Navy Relief Society Relief. The Navy operates one200-bed facil- A similar situation is true for crew ity forthose with drug dependency. The Navy Relief Society is a private, members of ships at sea. Money canbe Both professional civilian therapists charitable organization whose sole pur- advanced by a command foremergency and trained military counselors staff the NavyDrug Rehabilitation Center (NDRC) atNaval AirStation Miramar, Calif. As with all Navy treatment pro- grams, the returnof a patientto produc- tive, full active duty service sumsup NDRC's primary mission. USHBP (Uniformed Services Health Benefits Plan-see All Hands, Jan. '79.) beneficiaries(dependents, retirees, dependentsand survivors of retirees, A etc.) can enter anyof the Navy's rehabi- litation programs on a space available basis. However, a backlogof active duty patientsforces most facilities to refer applicants eligible for CHAMPUS or VA benefits to those programs. CHAMPUS shares the cost, up to seven days, for inpatient hospital care required for detoxification during acute stages of alcoholism. Such detoxifica-

42 ALL HANDS Coast Guard Academy may also join. aids survivors of members in times of Once membership is established, it is disaster. not affected by subsequent changes in Headed by elected officers, the asso- military service, such as retirement or ciation maintains its national executive release from active duty. offices at 1303 New Hampshire Ave., Membership in the Navy Mutual Aid N.W.,Wash., D.C. 20036 (202-785- Association provides an immediate es- 2768) L tate of$18,000 upondeath of the ~ ~ ~" member, no warrestriction clauses, The American Red Cross a membership loans without red tape or undue delay, and repository services for The Red Cross, in addition to its valuablepapers and documents. It reciprocalagreement with the Navy offers the member'sfamily an imme- Relief Society, conducts a program of diate payment of $1,000 which issent as social welfare which includes financial soon as the association is notified and assistance for naval personnel, medical the remaining $17,000 upon receipt of and psychiatric case work and recrea- thedeath certificate. The Association tion services for the hospitalized. also furnishes the forms andassists sur- Red Cross counselors help veterans viving dependents in preparing, submit- obtain benefits to which they are ting and following up claims for federal entitled. In addition, they offer courses benefits. in health and safety, and providevolun- Further information can be obtained teer activities for people withextra time. by contactingthe Navy Mutual Aid Theyalso assist service members in Association. gatheringinformation for emergency leave and leave extensions, dependency Fleet Reserve Association or hardship dischargesor humanitarian transfers. Chartered in 1924, the Fleet Reserve The worldwide communication net- transportation and the command will Association (FRA) is a career organiza- work of the Red Cross helps military be reimbursed by Navy Relief when no- tion made up of active duty and retired families contact service members over- tified. The service member will be con- enlisted personne1,men and women, of seas and at sea when emergencies war- tacted later regarding payment. theNavy, Marine Corps andCoast rant immediate notification. If it isimpossible to contactNRS Guard. The association strives to sup- through the American Red Cross, con- portthe sea services in matters of Ombudsman Program tactcan be madethrough the Army national defense, promotesand safe- Emergency Relief or the Air Force Aid guards the rights of enlisted members, The Navy Family Ombudsman Pro- Society offices. and encourages worthy youngmen and gram is designed to provide better, fast- For further information see the arti- women to seek careers in thesea er communication between Navy fami- cle on Navy Relief in the January 1979 services. lies and Navy officials. Commanding issue of All Hands. The association has more than 300 officers select ombudsmen from among ~~ branchesand units worldwide, and the Navy spouses in their commands. Navy Mutual Aid Association there are more than 145,000 members The ombudsmanis the official represen- ~~ on its rolls. The FRA assists enlisted tative of the command's families and The Navy Mutual Aid Association, operatlng contlnuously since1879, pro- personnel in career matters but doesnot serves as liaison between them and com- vides life insuranceprotection for its attempt to influence the sea services in mand officials. members at asnear the actualnet cost as military decisions involving personnel. Wives especially should become possible. It also helps surviving depen- The association represents active duty acquainted with the local ombudsman. dents of members obtain allgovern- and retired memberson Capitol Hill Theyshould understand thatthe ment benefits to which they may be en- andtestifies before congressional ombudsman is nota counselor or a titled. groups. social welfare worker and cannot offer Regular and reserve officers of the The FRA lends its assistancein deal- specific advice. The ombudqman does, Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard ingwith the Veterans Administration however, takea direct route toward on active duty and not more than 62 andother government agencies in finding solutions by bringing problems years old are eligible to join. Officers of behalf of members; maintains and oper- to the attention of the proper officials. the National Oceanic and Atmospheric ates various life and health insurance Otherlines of communication Administration(NOAA) and Public programs;awards and administers between the Navy family and the parent H.ealth Service, Midshipmen at the scholarships for dependent children of command or base, otherthan the Naval Academy andCadets atthe FRA members living and deceased; and ombudsman program, are the family-

MARCH 1979 43 Veterans Administration-In addi- tion to the drug and alcoholrehabilita- tion helpalready mentioned, the VA maintains hospitals to care for veterans who cannot afford hospital treatment or whose injuriesare a result of military service.The organization handles dependency compensation for service- connected deaths, provides burial flags for veterans and administersUSGLI, NSLI and SGLI insurance. VeteransOrganizations-The fol- lowingorganizations also provide I information concerning claims and help processthem: Disabled American Veterans (DAV), American Veteransof World War I1 (AmVets), Jewish War Veterans(JWV), Non-Commissioned gram, telephone tree and COS action The NWCA also sponsors a special Officers Association (NCOA), Ameri- line. scholarshipprogram for children of can Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars The familygram is a regular newslet- enlisted personnel (see section on (VFW), Blinded Veterans Association terfrom the commanding officer to dependent scholarships). (BVA), Congressional Medal of Honor family andfriends of crew members Society of the US., Legion of Valor of offeringinformation and news about Wifeline Association the U.S.A., Marine Corps League,Mil- the command and its people. itary Order of the Purple Heart, Para- The telephone treeis an informal net- This volunteer Navy wives’ organiza- lyzed Veterans of America, Inc., United work of command wives who pass on tion serves as a clearing housefor Navy SpanishWar Veterans, Veterans of importantinformation such as last- families. Experienced,older members World War I ofthe U.S.A., Inc., Ameri- minutechanges to a ship’s operating aid those wives new to the service and can Veterans Committee, Army/ Navy schedule. serve as channels of communication for Union of the U.S.A., CatholicWar The COS action line is a two-way all Navy wives. The Association reaches Veterans of the U.S.A., Coast Guard communication line which may appear out to all Navy families in an effort to League, Disabled Officers Association, as acolumn in thecommand news- inform them,solicit opinions, and share Military Order of the World Wars,Reg- paper.Dependents can address ques- solutions to problems inherent in Navy ularVeterans Association, United tions and offer opinions directly to the life. Indian War Veterans. commanding officer whose reply can Wifeline Association has been asked State Veterans Commissions-Most benefit the entire command. to advise in such areas as financial aid, states maintain veterans’ organizations legal counsel, moving household goods, which supervisetheir particular pro- Navy Wives Clubs of America survivor benefits andinformation on grams. They can help with federal and permanent duty stations. Actually, any state employment assistance, state Navy wife can get answers to her ques- bonuses (if any), education assistance, NavyWives Clubs of America tions by writing or calling the Associa- landsettlement preference andother (NWCA) is anational federation of tion. Itoperates an around-the-clock benefits. These organizations can usu- wives of Navy,Marine Corps and Coast telephone answering service. ally be found under the state govern- Guard enlisted personnel. It recognizes Wifeline Associationprovides new ment listings in the telephone directory. the importanceof a sea service wife. The Navy spouses with bride’s kits contain- SocialSecurity Administration- organization, charteredin 1936, is dedi- ing publications of special interest. SocialSecurity provides continuing cated to improving life in thenaval Thesealso are available through the financialassistance to survivorsof service. association upon request at little or no deceasedmembers. Retireesdrawing Active clubs throughout the United cost. A non-profit organization, Wife- militafy retirement also are eligible to Statesand overseas promotefriendly line Associationdepends solely on draw Social Securityat the appropriate relationships among wives. The clubs contributions. age. Your local Social Security office can provide you with details. extendassistance to needy members Other Organizations andother Navy, MarineCorps and Decedent Affairs Branch, Bureau of Coast Guardfamilies, assist Navy chap- Medicine and Surgery-Provides for lqins, participate in theblood donor Manyother organizations and the interment of deceased members and programs and inNavy Relief Society government agencies standready to the transport and escort of the remains projects. assist your family in time of need. to the burial site. This service is usually

44 ALL HANDS coordinated through theNavy Regional ren’s educationno mattter where the 261 schoolsscattered throughout 22 Medical Centers. military member was stationed. Private countries. Casualty Assistance Branch,Naval schooling could be arranged, or child- Under this standardizedsystem, tran- MilitaryPersonnel Command- ren could be taught at home, tutoredor sition between dependent schools and Coordinatesthe Casualty Assistance domiciled in the U.S. to continue their stateside schools is relatively easy. The Calls program. Notifies next-of-kin of education. upheaval that sometimes interfereswith service memberswho die or become In 1946 the Navy opened its first over- the educational development of a child seriously ill or injured. Provides guid- seas schoolin Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. is lessened. ance and counselingon matters relating During the nextfew years schools oper- Inaddition to standard curricula, to survivor benefits. ated by the different branches of the somedependent schools offer special Remember, allof these organizations service sprung up throughout the world.education classes for mentally, physi- are available to help you. Family assist- In 1965, with the full support of all cally oremotionally handicapped ance is an important right and benefit, the services, a unified dependents children. and that is the foundation for theexist- school system wasestablished with each Remedialreading specialists are ence of these organizations. branch assigned a specific geographic assigned to largerschools to aid area. As the systemgrew, many changes teachers in improving student commu- Department of Defense were‘ madeand the Department of nication skills. DODDS also provides Dependent Schools Defense DependentSchool System correspondence courses for those who was created by Congress in July 1976. cannotattend school, including the Standardized schooling for overseas The Department of Defense Depen- severely handicapped or students living dependents is a relatively recent devel- dent School System (DODDS) ranks asin remoteareas where there areno opment. Before 1946 it was the parents’ the 1 Ith largest U.S. school systemwith facilities. responsibility to provide for theirchild- more than 130,000 students attending In locations where the student popu-

MARCH 1979 45 Where Navy People lation is scattered, DODDS operates 10 The Naval Military Personnel Com- Can Get Help secondary schools with adjoining dor- mand (NMPC 71IC) administers the mitories. These schools are staffed with DependentScholarship Program and dormitorycounselors who are fully processes applications. The scholar- qualifiedinstructors and provide ships, which are funded by sponsoring Chief of Chaplains (OP 01H) substitute-parentsupervision to the groups,are usually awarded on the Department of the Navy high school age dependents. When basis of scholastic achievement, charac- Washington, D.C. 20350 homes are more than one hour's com- ter, .and financial need. Selection com- Navy Family Ombudsman Program muting distance from the school, stu- mittees of the sponsoring groupsselect NavalMilitary Personnel Command dents live in the dormitories Monday and notify the recipients. (NMPC-71) through Friday. If their homesare more The Scholarship Pamphlet (NavPers Department of the Navy than two hours away, they live in the 15003 series) contains awealth of infor- Washington, D.C. 20370 dorms during the schoolyear with vaca- mation on theDependents Scholarship tion breaks at Christmas and Easter. Program includingrequirements for Department of Defense Dependent Schools Hoffman 1, Room 152 Department ofDefense Dependent eligibility. The pamphlet and applica- 2461 Eisenhower Ave. Schools have proven their worth. Latest tions are available upon request. Infor- Alexandria, Va. 22331 test results indicatethat, asa group, stu- mationabout the following year's dents in military dependentsschools program is usuallyavailable in Dependents' Scholarship Program NavalMilitary Personnel Command scored higher on achievement teststhan December and the application deadline (NMPC-71) a sampling of public school students in is March 15. Department of the Navy the continental United States. Another source for educational aidis Washington, D.C. 20370 the NavyRelief SocietyEducational Navy Relief Society Headquarters Dependent Scholarships and Fund. Interest free loans up to $1500 per year are provided for college educa- 801 N. Randolph St., Room 1228 Educational Aid Arlington, Va. 22203 tion, vocational trainingor preparatory Telephone (202) 696-4904, Autovon 226- work for a state' ornational service 4904 More than 20 Navy-oriented organi- academy. Selectionis basedon financial zations currently sponsor scholarships need and scholastic aptitude. Informa- AmericanRed Cross National or offer aid for study beyond the high Headquarters tion, eligibility requirements and appli- 17th & D Sts. N.W. school level. Sonsand daughters of cationsare available from the Navy Washington, D.C. 20006 Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard Relief Society, after December 1 annu- members and former members areeligi- ally. Application acceptance deadlineis Navy Wives Clubs of America ble for these scholarships or aid. March 15. P.O. Box 6971 Washington, D.C. 20032

Navy Wifeline Association Washington Navy Yard, Bldg. 210 Washington, D.C. 20374 Telephone (202) 433-2333, Autovon 288- 2333

Navy Mutual Aid Association Navy Department Washington, D.C. 20370

Fleet Reserve Association 1303 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036

Decedent Affairs Branch Bureau of Navy Medicine and Surgery Department of the Navy Washington, D.C. 20372

Casualty Assistance NavalMilitary Personnel Command (NMPC 732) Department of the Navy Washington, D.C. 20370

46 ALL HANDS PettvOfficerd AcademvJ

STORY BY J02 GLENN R. AMATO don’t know how to handle themselves or petty officers” and “increasedself- their new duties. confidence”pop up regularly in “These newpetty officers are afraidof conversations. alienatingtheir friends,” Bovey said. Presented to groups of 10 to 12 stu- The USS Fort Fisher, a dock landing “They don’t want to appear authoritar- dents, the course was developed from shiphomeported at San Diego, has ian, and yet they know that the work Navy leadership and human resources developed a petty officer academy for need.s to be done.” managementpublications, textbooks second, third and designated third class Senior Chief EnginemanRalph and formal school course outlines. petty officers. McLeod concurs.“The menneed to “Thepetty officer academy,” CDR “Our petty officer academy gives our consider the size of their workcrew and Gamboa said, “shouldn’t be looked at people a foundation todevelop abilities the availabilityof tools before they start as a grind. The students come fromdif- as leaders,” said CommanderFrank making any concrete plans.” ferent parts of the ship. Some may not Gamboa, then the ship’s commanding As the academy’sweek progresses, have the slightest idea what others do. officer. “They’ve been exposed to these courses in problem-solving, decision- The interactions in the various classes (leadership) theories before, butvery lit- making, professional conduct and petty help to make the pettyofficer academy a tle has been made relative to the local officer behavior are included. Instruc- sound learning experience.” command.” FortFisher tailoredthe tors adapt their own teaching style to “Our goalis to enroll every junior petty officer academy to hermission, the course outline, bringing their own petty officer,” the skipper said. “So far organizational structure and shipboard expertise to the class. about 65 men have ‘graduated.’ ” environment. “One of the basics of problem-solving A formal graduationis held at the end Theacademy, a five-day program involves trusting your men to do their of the course, a list of the graduates is during which students are not on the jobs,” said Commander Eugene Bailey, published in the plan of the day, and watchbill or in a duty status,begins with the ship’s executive officer. “When the appropriate notations are madein each a thorough briefing on theFort Fisher’s crew istrusted andrespected as much as man’s service record. mission. Representatives from various its leaders, they’re going to contribute Good news seemsto be moving at the departmentsthen acquaint students more.” speed of light. So far two ships and two with their areas and answer questions CDRGamboa and the instructors aircraftsquadrons haveused Fort from the class. say it’s difficult to measurethe all- Fisher’s material and have established “Briefings are necessarybecause all important results. However,phrases petty officer academies tailoredfor their petty officers should be a reference like “more enthusiasm on the part of individual needs. point fortheir men,” CDRGamboa said. “They’ve got to know their ship’s resources. Petty officers are leaders and every leader needs this basic informa- tion before moving on.” Moving on is just whatthe petty officer academy is all about.Topics includeapproaches toleadership, humanbehavior, perception, coping with stress, and essentials of person-to- personcommunications. The instruc- tors, Fort Fisher’s chief and first class petty officers, are free to develop and implement their own techniques, Lieutenant Robert Bovey Jr., who teacheswork planning, feels the academy is necessarybecause many men-particularlythose advancing from seaman or airman to third class- - Photo by PHI John H. Greenwood

MARCH 1979 47 Mail Buoy

Marines at Sea costly than most other insurance plans. dle until August 1981. Towards the end of As forthe confusion factor, it usually January we have a third brother,Allen, who Sincepublication theoffeature, results from the fact that the CHAMPUS will be aboard. “Marinesat Sea,” inthe November 1978 regulations, like any other insuranceregula- We are curious as to the last time three issue of ALL HANDS, additional informationtions, are written in technical form and are brothers served together on the same ship.Is has been received concerning requirements generallypresented tothe public in that there another ship in fleet the today with this for selection to attend Sea School at the same technical form. combination?-Rick Corvin OS3, USN. MarineCorps Recruit Depot, San Diego, The main areasof confusion seemto stem We haveno way of telling whether there Calif. fromonly a few basicquestions, such as are other shipsin thefleet with three-brother An applicant for Sea School and subse- “When can you use CHAMPUS? Whendo combinations. If there are, perhaps they’ll quent assignment toa ship’s Marine Detach- you need preauthorization? What is meant get in touch with US.-ED. ment must: by a ‘participating provider? What is the be a U.S. citizen allowance charge? And, howdo these things 0 be of grade corporal or below affectwhat you pay?”-HM1 WayneC. have a good service record Francis. Reunions meet certain grade percentilesin var- ious recruit training areas. 0 We agree that there is a “confusion fac- USS Ashtabula (A0 51)”Reunion for At one time, only members from the top tor”surrounding CHAMPUS. To help allWorld War I1 shipmatesAug. 17-19, 20 percent of recruittraining companies eliminate misunderstanding andto show the 1979, in Huntington Beach, Calif. Contact were selected for assignment to Sea School. benefits of CHAMPUS, we have madeit the DavidR. Todd, 7244Hillside Ave., Apt. This requirement has since been dropped. subject of the second segment in our series 101, Hollywood, Calif. 90046. Complete details on the Sea School pro- on Navy Rights and Benefits.In that article 0 AttackSquadron 106 (VA 106)- gram are found in MCO 1300.20E. (seeJanuary 1979 issue, ALL HANDS) we Reunion May 1979 in Orlando, Fla. Contact also point out the part played by CHAM- Frank G. Clark, 1920 Tahiti PI., Kissimmee, PUSadvisors in clearingup misunder- Fla. 32741. Confusing Terms standings-ED. 0 DestroyerSquadron 48-Reunion SIR: As a CHAMPUS advisor atthe Three Corvins Aug. 8-12, 1979, inshawnee, Okla., forship- Naval Hospital, Whidbey Island, Wash., I mates of USS Kidd Association, Inc., Des- am frequentlyconfronted with comments SIR:I am a crew member aboard the guided troyer Squadron 48. Anyone who served in and published articles pointing out nega-the missile cruiser Biddle, having33 months thefollowing ships is welcome to attend: tive and confusing aspects of the CHAM- aboard as I write. Walker (DD 517), Abbot (DD 629), Erben PUS program. However, on a comparative InOctober 1977,my brotherJohn (DD 631), Hale (DD 642), Stembel (DD basis, I have found it much better and less reported for duty. Hewill be serving on Bid- 644), Bullard (DD 660), Kidd (DD 661), Black (DD 666) and Chauncey (DD 667). Contact Harold F. Manning, 310 E. 8th St., Kewanee, Ill. 61443. U.S. Naval Test Pilot School-Thirty- firstreunion and symposium at Patuxent River,Md., April 28,1979. Alumni are asked for papers on current test projects for presentation at the symposium. Contact LT P.R. Kluever, US. NavalTest Pilot School, Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Md. 20670. 0 USS NorthCarolina (BB 55)--17th reunion June 26-29,1979, in WilmingtOn, N.C. ContactAlton H. Starling, 10839 Hampton Rd., Jacksonville, Fla. 32217.

0 Seabees-30th NavalConstruction Battalionreunion May 25-28,1979, in Scranton, Pa. Contact Marion Bevilacqua, 111 S. Main Ave., Scranton, Pa. 18504. Seabees-I 15thNaval Construction “Nohurry on that, Harris. Take all night if necessary. ** Battalion reunion July 26-29, 1979, in Chi- cago, Ill. Contact Edwardc. Plummer, 5023 E. Naomi St., Indianapolis, Ind. 46203.

48 ALL HANDS Men and women strange currencies in Can you identify the c tries listed below?

Country: Currency: 1.Brazil -A. yen 2. Greece - B. krona 3. Iceland -C. dinar 4. Italy -D. escudo 5. Japan -E. dollar 6. Panama -F. cruzeiro 7. Philippine Is. -G. peseta 8. Portugal -H. drachma 9. Singapore -1. balboa 10.Spain -J. bolivar 11.Tunisia -K. peso 12.Venezuela -L. lira

Answers: 1

All Hands, the magazine of the U.S. Navy. published for the informatlonand interest of 811 membersof Alexandrla. Va. 22332. the Naval service. is Issued monthly by the Officed the Chief of Information. Room 2E-329. Pentagon. DISTRIBUTION. All Hands isdlstrlbuted to all Navy activitles on IheStandardNavy Dlstrlbution LISI Washmyton. D C. 20350. Issuance ol thls publication is approved In accordance with Depanment of ISNDL) on the bass of one copy for approxmately SIX naval offlcersand enlosled personnel on actlve the Navy Publlcallons and Printing R~ulationsP-35(revisedJanuary 1974). Oplnlonsexpresdare duty Llmlted distribution to Martne Corps actlvltoes IS effectedby the Commandant, not necessarily those of the Department of the Navy. Reference to repulations. orders and directives PERSONAL COPIES The mayazlne IS for sale by Supermendent of Documents. U S. Government is for mformatlon only and does not by publication herein constitute authorttyfor action All original Prlntlng Offlce. Wash , D C. 20402 The rate for All Hands IS 81.50 per copy, subscrlptton prlce IS material may be reprlnted. 618.00a year. domestcllncludmg FPO and APO address for overseas mail): 622.50. foreoyn. Remlt- ORIGINAL ARTICLES and informallonof generalinterestmaybeforwardedaddresdtotheEditor. lances should bemade payable to the Superintendent of Documents and forwarded dlrectly to the All Hends. Print Media Divislon. Navy InternalRelations Actlvlty. Hoffman #2. 200 Stovall St.. Government Prlnung Offlce 32