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Habitat Preferences and Distribution of The HJB21_proof ■ 17 May 2016 ■ 1/6 HAYATI Journal of Biosciences xxx (2016) 1e6 55 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 58 59 journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/ 60 hayati-journal-of-biosciences 61 62 63 Original research 64 65 1 Habitat Preferences and Distribution of the Freshwater Shrimps of the 66 2 67 3 Genus Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Lake Lindu, 68 4 69 Q8 Sulawesi, Indonesia 5 70 6 1* 2 3 3 3 71 7 Q7 Annawaty, Daisy Wowor, Achmad Farajallah, Dede Setiadi, Bambang Suryobroto 72 8 Q1 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia. 73 9 2 Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia. 74 3 10 Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia. 75 11 76 12 77 article info abstract 13 78 14 79 Article history: 15 Q2 The objectives of this study were to reveal ecological preferences and distribution of all species of 80 Received 3 November 2015 Caridina found in Lake Lindu and their catchment area. Specimens from 39 sampling sites were caught 16 81 Received in revised form using tray net and hand net. There are three species of Caridina found in the lake system, i.e. Caridina 17 13 April 2016 82 linduensis (Roux 1904); Caridina kaili (Annawaty & Wowor 2015) and Caridina dali (Annawaty & Wowor 18 Accepted 25 April 2016 2015). There is no overlapping distribution among the species. C. kaili is a true riverine species and it is 83 19 Available online xxx never encountered sympatric with C. dali nor C. linduensis. This species is abundant in streams and 84 20 ditches with moderate flow running water and gravelecobble substrate. It is mainly spread within 85 KEYWORDS: 21 streams west to the lake. Both C. dali and C. linduensis can be found in the lake and streams with very 86 22 Caridina, distribution, slow current to almost stagnant water, muddy sand substrate and associated with roots of water plants 87 23 endemic, and leaf litter. However, C. dali is never occurred together with C. linduensis and they are less abundant 88 24 Lake Lindu, compare to C. kaili. Distribution of Caridina spp. in Lake Lindu is probably affected by the temperature of 89 fi 25 Sulawesi their habitats and the occurrence of introduced sh such as Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mos- 90 26 sambicus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and an alien riceland prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri). 91 These introduced and alien species can have the potency to become predators or competitors for the 27 92 Caridina spp. It is also the first record for M. lanchesteri present in Lake Lindu. 28 93 Copyright © 2016 Institut Pertanian Bogor. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access 29 article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 1. Introduction 2006; Cai & Wowor 2007; Klotz et al. 2007; von Rintelen et al. 99 35 2008; von Rintelen & Cai 2009; Cai & Ng 2009; Cai et al. 2009; 100 36 Q3 Fresh water atyid shrimps are widely distributed in Indonesia. De Grave & Fransen 2011; Klotz & von Rintelen 2013). The major- 101 37 They can be found in various water bodies such as lake, pond, river, ity of the species are lacustrine Caridina which are endemic to the 102 38 stream and ditch, both in surface and underground waters (Wowor island. 103 39 et al. 2004). The shrimps are characterized by having chelipeds with In the last 10 years, the study of the lacustrine Caridina spp. in 104 40 setae on the tip of the fingers which are used for filtering small Sulawesi has been focused in taxonomy and evolution of the spe- 105 41 aquatic organisms or scraping detritus during feeding (Fryer 1977). cies. The studied lakes are Poso and Malili lake systems which were 106 42 The family Atyidae consisted of 469 species, a majority of them considered by Schon€ & Martens (2004) as ancient lakes. Recently, 107 43 belonging to the genus Caridina. This genus has 290 species the ancient status of the lakes was confirmed both in terms of their 108 44 members (De Grave & Fransen 2011). In Indonesia, there are 62 estimated age as well as their fauna (von Rintelen et al. 2012). In 109 45 species of atyid shrimps and 52 are reported to be found in Sula- agreement with the definition of ancient lake which is usually 110 46 wesi and nearby islands (Roux 1904; Cai & Ng 2005; Zitzler & Cai perceived as more or less long-lived lake that was often associated 111 47 with both high species numbers and endemicity in various sys- 112 48 tematic groups (Albrecht 2012). 113 49 The taxonomy and the evolution of the Caridina spp. in the 2 114 50 * Corresponding author. ancient lake systems of Sulawesi have been studied for more than a 115 51 E-mail address: [email protected] (Annawaty). decade; on the contrary, Lake Lindu, a putatively ancient lake in 116 Peer review under responsibility of Institut Pertanian Bogor. 52 117 53 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2016.04.001 118 54 1978-3019/Copyright © 2016 Institut Pertanian Bogor. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// 119 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Annawaty, et al., Habitat Preferences and Distribution of the Freshwater Shrimps of the Genus Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Lake Lindu, Sulawesi, Indonesia, HAYATI J Biosci (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2016.04.001 HJB21_proof ■ 17 May 2016 ■ 2/6 2 Annawaty, et al 1 Sulawesi, was almost neglected for more than a century. Caridina 2.3. Data analysis 66 2 linduensis was the only atyid shrimp reported from the lake and The data of coordinate and altitude of sampling location were 67 3 only recently two more species are encountered, i.e. Caridina kaili overlaid to the map of Lake Lindu system published by Badan 68 4 and Caridina dali (Annawaty & Wowor 2015). These two new spe- Informasi Geospasial. The percentage of each species of Caridina 69 5 cies increase the total number of Caridina spp. in the lake system to found was measured by the amount of particularly species caught 70 6 three times as high as previously reported. to the total of Caridina caught. 71 7 The Caridina spp. from the lake occupy different habitats and 72 8 have specific distribution pattern. Therefore, to reveal the habitat 3. Results 73 9 preferences and to map the distribution of the Caridina spp. in 74 10 Lake Lindu and its catchment area became the objectives of this A total of 1743 specimens of Caridina were obtained. They were 75 11 study. consisted of 89.4% C. kaili, 7.5% C. dali and 3.0% C. linduensis. From 76 12 the 39 sampled sites, only 21 sites were inhabited by Caridina spp. 77 13 2. Materials and Methods C. kaili was the most common species and it was found in 11 sites, 78 14 while C. dali and C. linduensis were only obtained from six and four 79 15 sites, respectively. Water temperature of the lake and its catchment 80 2.1. Study area 16 The Lake Lindu system (01 16ʹe01 23ʹ S, 120 1ʹe120 11ʹ E) is area was ranged between 18 C and 29 C, and the altitude ranged 81 17 located in the Lindu enclave in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi between 982 and 1020 m (Table 1). 82 18 (previously Celebes), Indonesia. This relatively small lake covered Distribution of the species of Caridina in Lake Lindu and the 83 19 an area of 34.5 km2 with 72.6 m maximum depth, drain to the north catchment area showed there is no overlapping among the species. 84 20 via Rawa River, the only outlet for Lake Lindu, to Palu Bay (Lukman C. linduensis is never found in sympatry with C. kaili as well as 85 21 2007). The lake is fed by several streams from its catchment area, C. dali. The species was found both in lake and the outlet of the lake 86 22 where 83.3% of the catchment area belongs to the Lore Lindu Na- with small amount of specimen. There are only three sites in the 87 23 tional Park. However, generally the gentle sloped eastern part and lake where C. linduensis are present and one site in the outlet 88 24 several small parts in the western sites of the lake have been (Figure 1). For the outlet population, the species dwell in the shore 89 25 converted into agricultural land. Most of the converted land has of the river with very slow current or almost stagnant. Even though 90 26 been turned into rice fields and cacao plantations. The study area this species was never found in sympatry with the other species of 91 27 was divided into four, i.e. north, east, south and west area. Uwe is Caridina, however four specimens of C. linduensis were found 92 28 Kaili dialect of Central Sulawesi for stream. together with riceland prawn, Macrobrachium lanchesteri in Tom- 93 29 ado beach at cottage of Festival Danau Lindu (FDL). 94 30 C. kaili, the true riverine species only inhabit the stream or ditch 95 2.2. Collecting specimen 31 with moderate flow running water (Figure 2).
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