Habitat Preferences and Distribution of The

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55 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 58 59 journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/ 60 hayati-journal-of-biosciences 61 62 63 Original research 64 65 1 Habitat Preferences and Distribution of the Freshwater Shrimps of the 66 2 67 3 Genus Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Lake Lindu, 68 4 69 Q8 Sulawesi, Indonesia 5 70 6 1* 2 3 3 3 71 7 Q7 Annawaty, Daisy Wowor, Achmad Farajallah, Dede Setiadi, Bambang Suryobroto 72 8 Q1 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia. 73 9 2 Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia. 74 3 10 Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia. 75 11 76 12 77 article info abstract 13 78 14 79 Article history: 15 Q2 The objectives of this study were to reveal ecological preferences and distribution of all species of 80 Received 3 November 2015 Caridina found in Lake Lindu and their catchment area. Specimens from 39 sampling sites were caught 16 81 Received in revised form using tray net and hand net. There are three species of Caridina found in the lake system, i.e. Caridina 17 13 April 2016 82 linduensis (Roux 1904); Caridina kaili (Annawaty & Wowor 2015) and Caridina dali (Annawaty & Wowor 18 Accepted 25 April 2016 2015). There is no overlapping distribution among the species. C. kaili is a true riverine species and it is 83 19 Available online xxx never encountered sympatric with C. dali nor C. linduensis. This species is abundant in streams and 84 20 ditches with moderate flow running water and gravelecobble substrate. It is mainly spread within 85 KEYWORDS: 21 streams west to the lake. Both C. dali and C. linduensis can be found in the lake and streams with very 86 22 Caridina, distribution, slow current to almost stagnant water, muddy sand substrate and associated with roots of water plants 87 23 endemic, and leaf litter. However, C. dali is never occurred together with C. linduensis and they are less abundant 88 24 Lake Lindu, compare to C. kaili. Distribution of Caridina spp. in Lake Lindu is probably affected by the temperature of 89 fi 25 Sulawesi their habitats and the occurrence of introduced sh such as Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mos- 90 26 sambicus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and an alien riceland prawn (Macrobrachium lanchesteri). 91 These introduced and alien species can have the potency to become predators or competitors for the 27 92 Caridina spp. It is also the first record for M. lanchesteri present in Lake Lindu. 28 93 Copyright © 2016 Institut Pertanian Bogor. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access 29 article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 1. Introduction 2006; Cai & Wowor 2007; Klotz et al. 2007; von Rintelen et al. 99 35 2008; von Rintelen & Cai 2009; Cai & Ng 2009; Cai et al. 2009; 100 36 Q3 Fresh water atyid shrimps are widely distributed in Indonesia. De Grave & Fransen 2011; Klotz & von Rintelen 2013). The major- 101 37 They can be found in various water bodies such as lake, pond, river, ity of the species are lacustrine Caridina which are endemic to the 102 38 stream and ditch, both in surface and underground waters (Wowor island. 103 39 et al. 2004). The shrimps are characterized by having chelipeds with In the last 10 years, the study of the lacustrine Caridina spp. in 104 40 setae on the tip of the fingers which are used for filtering small Sulawesi has been focused in taxonomy and evolution of the spe- 105 41 aquatic organisms or scraping detritus during feeding (Fryer 1977). cies. The studied lakes are Poso and Malili lake systems which were 106 42 The family Atyidae consisted of 469 species, a majority of them considered by Schon€ & Martens (2004) as ancient lakes. Recently, 107 43 belonging to the genus Caridina. This genus has 290 species the ancient status of the lakes was confirmed both in terms of their 108 44 members (De Grave & Fransen 2011). In Indonesia, there are 62 estimated age as well as their fauna (von Rintelen et al. 2012). In 109 45 species of atyid shrimps and 52 are reported to be found in Sula- agreement with the definition of ancient lake which is usually 110 46 wesi and nearby islands (Roux 1904; Cai & Ng 2005; Zitzler & Cai perceived as more or less long-lived lake that was often associated 111 47 with both high species numbers and endemicity in various sys- 112 48 tematic groups (Albrecht 2012). 113 49 The taxonomy and the evolution of the Caridina spp. in the 2 114 50 * Corresponding author. ancient lake systems of Sulawesi have been studied for more than a 115 51 E-mail address: [email protected] (Annawaty). decade; on the contrary, Lake Lindu, a putatively ancient lake in 116 Peer review under responsibility of Institut Pertanian Bogor. 52 117 53 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2016.04.001 118 54 1978-3019/Copyright © 2016 Institut Pertanian Bogor. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// 119 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

2 Annawaty, et al

1 Sulawesi, was almost neglected for more than a century. Caridina 2.3. Data analysis 66 2 linduensis was the only atyid shrimp reported from the lake and The data of coordinate and altitude of sampling location were 67 3 only recently two more species are encountered, i.e. Caridina kaili overlaid to the map of Lake Lindu system published by Badan 68 4 and Caridina dali (Annawaty & Wowor 2015). These two new spe- Informasi Geospasial. The percentage of each species of Caridina 69 5 cies increase the total number of Caridina spp. in the lake system to found was measured by the amount of particularly species caught 70 6 three times as high as previously reported. to the total of Caridina caught. 71 7 The Caridina spp. from the lake occupy different habitats and 72 8 have specific distribution pattern. Therefore, to reveal the habitat 3. Results 73 9 preferences and to map the distribution of the Caridina spp. in 74 10 Lake Lindu and its catchment area became the objectives of this A total of 1743 specimens of Caridina were obtained. They were 75 11 study. consisted of 89.4% C. kaili, 7.5% C. dali and 3.0% C. linduensis. From 76 12 the 39 sampled sites, only 21 sites were inhabited by Caridina spp. 77 13 2. Materials and Methods C. kaili was the most common species and it was found in 11 sites, 78 14 while C. dali and C. linduensis were only obtained from six and four 79 15 sites, respectively. Water temperature of the lake and its catchment 80 2.1. Study area 16 The Lake Lindu system (01 16ʹe01 23ʹ S, 120 1ʹe120 11ʹ E) is area was ranged between 18 C and 29 C, and the altitude ranged 81 17 located in the Lindu enclave in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi between 982 and 1020 m (Table 1). 82 18 (previously Celebes), Indonesia. This relatively small lake covered Distribution of the species of Caridina in Lake Lindu and the 83 19 an area of 34.5 km2 with 72.6 m maximum depth, drain to the north catchment area showed there is no overlapping among the species. 84 20 via Rawa River, the only outlet for Lake Lindu, to Palu Bay (Lukman C. linduensis is never found in sympatry with C. kaili as well as 85 21 2007). The lake is fed by several streams from its catchment area, C. dali. The species was found both in lake and the outlet of the lake 86 22 where 83.3% of the catchment area belongs to the Lore Lindu Na- with small amount of specimen. There are only three sites in the 87 23 tional Park. However, generally the gentle sloped eastern part and lake where C. linduensis are present and one site in the outlet 88 24 several small parts in the western sites of the lake have been (Figure 1). For the outlet population, the species dwell in the shore 89 25 converted into agricultural land. Most of the converted land has of the river with very slow current or almost stagnant. Even though 90 26 been turned into rice fields and cacao plantations. The study area this species was never found in sympatry with the other species of 91 27 was divided into four, i.e. north, east, south and west area. Uwe is Caridina, however four specimens of C. linduensis were found 92 28 Kaili dialect of Central Sulawesi for stream. together with riceland prawn, Macrobrachium lanchesteri in Tom- 93 29 ado beach at cottage of Festival Danau Lindu (FDL). 94 30 C. kaili, the true riverine species only inhabit the stream or ditch 95 2.2. Collecting specimen 31 with moderate flow running water (Figure 2). Most of the species 96 Purposive sampling method was applied in 39 sampling sites 32 are disperse in the stream and ditch in western part of the lake, and 97 (Figure 1). Samples were collected with tray net and hand net in 33 only found in two streams in the eastern part of the lake, i.e. Uwe 98 July, August and November 2011. All specimens obtained were fixed 34 Tokaroru and Uwe Lembosa. 99 in 96% ethanol. The ethanol was changed after 24 hours with fresh 35 C. dali is only distributed in the eastern part of the lake, partic- 100 96% ethanol. The specimens are deposited in Division of Zoology, 36 ularly near the mouth of the inlet stream (Figure 2). The species 101 Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), 37 were found not only in the lake but also in a stream with slow 102 Cibinong and Laboratory of Molecular, Division of Animal Function 38 current in eastern part (Kati stream). The sympatry with 103 and Behavior, Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, 39 M. lanchesteri also establish in population of C. dali in the western 104 Bogor, Indonesia. 40 mouth of Uwe Kati. 105 The habitat parameters recorded were (1) temperature of water, 41 106 (2) qualitative water clarity, (3) qualitative water current (slow 42 4. Discussion 107 current water to almost stagnant or moderate flow), (4) substrate 43 108 (sediment classification) based on Wentworth (1922), (5) presence 44 Only three species of Caridina were found in the Lake Lindu 109 or absence of water plant associated with the Caridina habitat, and 45 system which is less in number compared to the other two ancient 110 (6) coordinate and altitude of sampling locations by using Global 46 lake systems in Sulawesi, i.e. Lake Poso (six species) and Malili 111 Positioning System. 47 Lakes system (15 species) (Von Rintelen & Cai 2009). C. kaili was 112 48 found in large numbers in both western and eastern parts of the 113 49 lake system. The high abundance of the shrimp is related to the 114 50 large amount of accumulated vegetation debris on the bottom of 115 51 the stream which in turn provides food sources for the shrimp 116 52 (Bentes et al. 2011). The majority of streams in western and eastern 117 53 part surrounded by dense primary forest belong to the Lore Lindu 118 54 National Park. 119 55 In addition, C. kaili have very short rostrum, the shortest 120 56 rostrum among the species of Caridina in the lake system. Other 121 57 Sulawesi atyids such as Atyopsis spinipes, Caridina sulawesi, Caridina 122 58 leclersi and Caridina parvidentata have short rostum too. They are 123 59 inhabitants of fast flow running water as showed by other atyids 124 60 outside Sulawesi (Felgenhauer & Abele 1983; Hartoto & Wowor 125 61 1986). The short rostrum shape is suitable for inhabiting moder- 126 62 ate to fast flow running water because it reduces frictional resis- 127 63 tance of the oncoming current (Felgenhauer & Abele 1983). 128 64 Figure 1. Location of the Lake Lindu System in Sulawesi Island (right) and overview of The high abundance of C. kaili in streams and ditches demon- 129 65 the sampling sites in the lake (left). Circle refer to the sampling site. strates the favorable habitat of the species. The large mass of 130

Please cite this article in press as: Annawaty, et al., Habitat Preferences and Distribution of the Freshwater Shrimps of the Genus Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Lake Lindu, Sulawesi, Indonesia, HAYATI J Biosci (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2016.04.001 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 laect hsatcei rs s naay ta. aia rfrne n itiuino h rswtrSrmso h Genus the of Shrimps Freshwater the of Distribution http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2016.04.001 and (2016), Biosci Preferences J Habitat HAYATI Indonesia, al., Sulawesi, et Lindu, Annawaty, Lake as: in press Atyidae) Decapoda: in (Crustacea: article this cite Please

Table 1. Distribution of species of Caridina collected in Lake Lindu System

Area Sampling site No Type loc. Water current Water clarity Substrate Associated Water Temperature Caridina Caridina Caridina water plant C kaili (n) dali (n) linduensis (n) North Below Uwe Rawa waterfall 9 River Slow current Clear Boulder & cobble 29 0 0 0 Uwe Tokaroru 10 Stream Moderate flow Clear Cobble 22 159 0 0 Mouth of Uwe Tokaroru 11 Stream Moderate flow Clear Coarse sand þ 27 0 0 0 Mussel bed 12 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand 28 0 0 0 Near mouth of Uwe Rawa 13 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand, pebble þ 29 0 0 0 Uwe Rawa 14 River Almost Stagnant Clear Coarse sand, mud, leaf litter 29 0 0 21 Uwe Kumo 30 Stream Moderate flow Clear Cobble þ 23 66 0 0 Mouth of Uwe Kumo 31 Stream Slow current Clear Coarse sand, mud þ 29 0 0 0 Uwe Bamba 32 Stream Slow current Clear Coarse sand, mud þ 23.5 0 0 0 Bamba beach 33 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 29 0 0 0 East North of Kanawu 2 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 0 0 Caridina Uwe Lembosa 15 Stream Moderate flow Clear Pebble, Cobble þ 22 184 0 0 Kanawu beach 35 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand 28 0 0 0 Uwe Poweroa 36 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 2 0 rmLk id Sulawesi Lindu Lake from Mouth of Air Dingin 37 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 22 0 12 0 Jambu-Jambu 38 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 15 0 South Eastern mouth of Uwe Kati 20 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28.5 0 2 0 West coast of Pulau Bola 23 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 0 16 South coast of Pulau Bola 24 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 0 0 Western mouth of Uwe Kati 28 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 3 0 Uwe Kati 39 Stream Slow current Murky Coarse sand, mud þ 22 0 94 0 West Langko 1 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 0 0 Uwe Posangkara 3 Ditch Moderate flow Clear Pebble, leaf litter 2119 110173 0 0 Uwe KaratambeBoby 54 Ditch Moderate flow Clear Pebble, leaf litter 20 189 0 0 Uwe Pada 6 Stream Moderate flow Clear Pebble, coarse sand, leaf litter 21 78 0 0 Uwe Lumonga 7 Ditch Moderate flow Clear Pebble, leaf litter 21 2 0 0 Uwe Laga 8 Ditch Moderate flow Clear Pebble, leaf litter 21 190 0 0 Uwe Kaongko 16 Stream Moderate flow Clear Cobble þ 22 243 0 0 HJB21_proof Pongku beach at Anca 1 17 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand 28 0 0 0 Anca 2 18 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand 28 0 0 0 Tomado beach at cottage FDL 19 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 0 1 Uwe Kulovo 21 Ditch Moderate flow Clear Pebble þ 30.5 0 0 0 Uwe Salutui 22 Ditch Moderate flow Clear Pebble þ 32 0 0 0 Mouth of Uwe Langko 25 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand, mud þ 29 0 0 14 ■ 7My2016 May 17 Mouth** of Uwe Kulovo 26 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 26 0 0 0 ) 27 Ditch Moderate flow Clear Pebble, leaf litter 18 129 0 0 Uwe Kana Tomado beach at cottage FDL 29 Lake Stagnant Clear Coarse sand þ 28 0 0 0 Anca 3 34 Lake Stagnant Clear Boulder 28 0 0 0 ■ 3/6 Caridina 3 100 120 123 122 129 128 126 125 106 124 104 105 109 108 130 127 103 102 107 121 101 112 110 116 115 114 113 119 118 117 111 66 68 69 75 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 99 98 96 95 94 93 92 67 70 77 73 72 97 71 91 76 74 HJB21_proof ■ 17 May 2016 ■ 4/6

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 112 48 113 49 114 50 115 51 116 52 117 53 118 54 119 55 120 56 Figure 2. Map of the Lake Lindu System, showing distribution of (A) C. kaili, (B) C. dali, and (C) C. linduensis, presence and absence as indicated. 121 57 122 58 123 59 detritus from the surrounding forest and plantation, which is Most of the streams west to the lake have moderate running water 124 60 deposited on the bottom of ditch, offers a large diversity of with boulder and pebble substrate and the slope varies between 125 61 habitats and provides important source of food for them (Bentes 15% and 40% (Lukman 2007). The other limiting factor was caused 126 62 et al. 2011). by the porous stream bed where water inﬁltrates into the ground 127 63 However, C. kaili was not found in the lake. The limiting factor and decreases the amount of water before entering the lake. For 128 64 restricting C. kaili to disperse into the lake probably associated with example, in some cases such as Pada and Lumonga streams, the 129 65 the stream's physical condition which is not present in the lake. water never reached the lake directly. 130

Caridina from Lake Lindu Sulawesi 5

1 The streams in the eastern side are flat with slope varying be- lake as well as in the mouth of the tributaries such as mouth of Uwe 66 2 tween 0% and 3% (Lukman 2007). C. kaili distributed in the eastern Tokaroru and Uwe Kumo in the north, northern Kanawu in the east, 67 3 part of the lake is restricted to the moderate-fast flow running and Langko in the west. Herder et al. (2012) reported that the Q4 68 4 water of Tokaroru and Lembosa streams which are about 3 and stomach content of introduced fish, flowerhorn cichlid, in Lake 69 5 7 km away from the lake shore, respectively. Apparently this spe- Matano of the Malili lake system consisted of endemic fauna, 70 6 cies is prevented to disperse into the lake by the difference tem- including atyid shrimps. 71 7 perature between the stream and the lake. The maximum M. lanchesteri is another alien prawn species which can give 72 8 temperature of C. kaili habitat is 23 C, while the water temperature negative impact to the native species (Wowor et al. 2004), in this 73 9 in the lake ranges between 28 C and 29 C. The higher water tem- case the population of Caridina in the lake. This alien prawn is a 74 10 perature may play a role as an ecological barrier for C. kaili to potential competitor and predator for the Caridina. During the 75 11 distribute into the lake. study, this prawn was found together with C. dali in the western 76 12 C. dali was found most abundantly in Kati stream at about 3 km part of the mouth of Kati stream, and this species was also occurred 77 13 away from the mouth of the stream. So far, this place is the only site together with C. linduensis in Tomado beach at the front of FDL 78 14 where C. dali can be found in a stream. It is probably caused by the cottage. In contrast, there was no M. lanchesteri found in the 79 15 similar water temperature of the stream site and the mouth of the streams or ditches. It is similar to Johnson's (1961) report about the 80 16 other streams where C. dali has never been found at water tem- distribution of M. lanchesteri in Malaysian region where 81 17 perature more than 22 C. M. lanchesteri is usually found in slow flowing waters in open 82 18 C. dali was found in small populations in some site i.e. Poweroa, country. 83 19 west and east of the mouth of Kati stream. This might be caused by The existence of M. lanchesteri in the lake seems most probably 84 20 the presence of the hard and sparse root of the water plant which is by inadvertent introduction along with other introduced com- 85 21 not flexible enough for the shrimp to cling around and therefore it mercial fish, because there is no previous record of the presence of 86 22 is not a good habitat for the species. Besides that, M. lanchesteri,an M. lanchesteri in Lake Lindu or adjacent water bodies that flows to 87 23 alien riceland prawn is also present at this area and this alien and from the lake. The small population sizes of C. linduensis and 88 24 species is a predator and competitor for C. dali in terms of habitat C. dali in the lake are quite worrying because the occurrence of the 89 25 and food. introduced fish in the lake threatens the shrimps' life. Besides that, 90 26 The non-native aquatic fauna which are predators for Caridina the progressive encroachment of agriculture around the lake, hu- 91 27 spp. are not present in Kati stream. At least there are three species man disturbance and buffalo grazing activity at the bank of the lake 92 28 of introduced fish present in the Lake Lindu such as Mozambique are likely to modify the lake ecosystem. In addition, the small 93 29 tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) which is quite common, and few population of these endemic shrimps in this isolated locality can 94 30 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and walking catfish (Clarias batra- cause their seriously endangered and might be led to their 95 31 chus). Therefore, the more internal side of Kati stream may serve as extinction. 96 32 a suitable refuge for the shrimp. It is also more productive because The Lake Lindu as a putative ancient lake is very important to be 97 33 the environment provides greater efficiency with regard to the vital conserved because the lake harbors many endemic fauna, indi- 98 34 processes of the species such as feeding, breeding and running cating its long term isolation. For example, the endemism is present 99 35 away from predator (Bentes et al. 2011). not only in the shrimp but also in other aquatic fauna species such 100 36 On the contrary with the large amount of C. kaili in streams, as freshwater crab (Parathelphusa linduensis), ricefishes (Oryzias 101 37 C. dali and C. linduensis were found in very small population sizes in sarasinorum and Oryzias bonneorum), a bivalve (Corbicula linduen- 102 38 the lake and near the inlet (Table 1). While high water temperature sis) and one semi-terrestrial gastropod (Oncomelania hupensis lin- 103 39 in the lake may perform as a limiting factor for C. kaili to disperse doensis)(Wowor & Annawaty 2013). 104 40 into the lake, the lower water temperature in the streams prohibit 105 41 C. linduensis to distribute into the streams around the lake (Table 1). Uncited reference 106 42 C. linduensis are only found in the lake and near the mouth of the 107 43 outlet where the water temperature is similar, i.e. 28 Ce29 C. Carney et al., 1980. Q6 108 44 The small populations of C. dali and C. linduensis in the lake are 109 45 also affected by the occurrence of the introduced predator fish and Acknowledgements 110 46 a native predator eel (Anguilla marmorata). According to Whitten 111 47 et al. (1987), introduction of tilapia has led to the near extinction The authors thank Lore Lindu National Park Board, Central 112 48 of indigenous fish species and mussels in the Lake Lindu. The exotic Sulawesi, Indonesia, for permitting us to conduct research in Lore 113 49 fishes were begun to be introduced in 1950 to increase commer- Lindu National Park; Abner Tendesabu and Enos Yonathan Paulus, 114 50 cialefish production in the lake (Acciaioli 2000; Lukman 2006). for their help during field work in the Lake Lindu; The first author 115 51 Since 1970, the introduced fishes, particularly the Mozambique thanks Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Edu- 116 52 tilapia, have become the most common fish in the lake (Carney cation and Culture Republic of Indonesia for financial support. Q5 117 53 1991), successfully competed with climbing perch (Anabas testu- 118 54 dineus), the native fish in the lake (Graczyk & Fried 1998). The References 119 55 introduced fish also correspond with the decline of freshwater 120 56 mollusk in the lake particularly the genus Corbicula. The decline Acciaioli G. 2000. Kinship and debt: the social organization of Bugis migration and 121 fi 57 and near extinction of the mollusk were probably due to compe- sh marketing at Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi. Bijdr tot de Taal-, Land-en Vol- 122 kenkd 156:589e617. 58 tition of the tilapia fish for phytoplankton and/or predation by the Albrecht C. 2012. Do lake characteristics explain biodiversity and endemism? In: 123 59 tilapia fish, known to be zooplankton feeders on the veliger stage of von Rintelen T, Stelbrink B, Wowor D, Heryanto (Eds.). Book of Abstract Speci- 124 & 60 the mollusk (Carney 1991). ation in Ancient Lakes 6, Classic Concepts New Approaches. Bogor: Division of 125 Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. pp. 4. 61 During the study, it was observed that there was a high abun- Annawaty, Wowor D. 2015. The atyid shrimps from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, 126 62 dance of tilapia both adults and juveniles in the lake, in the outlet Indonesia with description of two new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). 127 63 and in the mouth of the inlets. It seems that the tilapia has affected Zootaxa 3957:501e19. 128 Bentes BS, Martinelli JM, Souza LS, Cavalcante DV, Almeida MC, Isaac VJ. 2011. 64 the Caridina spp. populations, because no Caridina could be found Spatial distribution of the amazon river prawn Macrobrachium Amazonicum 129 65 where the juveniles of tilapia are present in large numbers in the (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) in two perennial creeks of an 130

6 Annawaty, et al

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