Dialect-Sundanese Language, West Java- Indonesia Based on Lingual Mapping Geographical Information System (Arcgis): a Study of Dialectology

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

Tracking The Traces Of The Influence Of Javanese Language Towards Pangandaran- Dialect-Sundanese Language, West Java- Indonesia Based On Lingual Mapping Geographical Information System (Arcgis): A Study Of Dialectology

Wagiati, Nani Darmayanti, Duddy Zein

Abstract:This research examines the traces of Javanese language and its influence on Pangandaran-dialect-Sundanese language, in West Java Province, Indonesia, which based on lingual mapping by using Geographical Information System (ArcGIS) with geolinguistic perspective. The approaches used in this research are theoretical approach and methodological approach. Theoritically, the approach used in this research is the diactology research. As for methodology, the method used in this research is the qualitative-descriptive method. This study starts with provision data done through the conversation (cakap) and observation (simak) method. The data is the language in system of existing kinship, the pronouns, and the body parts which is collected by using the vocabulary basic list method (Swadesh list). The data is analyzed by using the comparative-synchronic method. This research was carried out in Pangandaran Regency, by selecting five districts as observation area which determined based on the direction of the wind. The districts are Cimerak District, Sidamulih District, Kalipuncang District, Padaherang District, and Pangandaran District. The research results show (1) the traces of Javanese language are found in Pangandaran. One of the traces is the names of place in the region of Pangandaran which are identically with the phonology rules of Javanese language; (2) dialectal variation of Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language which is influenced by Javanese language can be seen from phonology and lexical aspects; and (3) based on the dialectometry calculation, the lingual symtomps on Pangandaran dialect-Sundanese language are only phenomena which only shows subdialect differentiation.

Key Word: dialectology, dialectometry, phonological correspondence, lexical ——————————  ——————————

INTRODUCTION can be adapted directly without going through the The rapid development of Indonesian language into adjustments and sound changes. Thus, the mutual national language and official language in the country of influence is a form of resistance from each language to Indonesia, becomes a very pleasant condition. Almost all keep their existence. In a dialectological perspective, educated generations use Indonesian language as the daily interacting between language leads them to possibly affect language. Indonesian language as national language has one to another. Thus, one language can influence another been successfully becoming a communication tool or language, and on the other side, the “native” language has medium for many ethnic groups which widely-spread-live in imunity to survive from the impact brought by foreign our country. By using Indonesian language, they whom languages, and later in times, there is found a compromise with the background culture and language are different from the both interacting languages. The lingual condition each other, are still able to communicate. However, in the in Indonesia, besides having Indonesian language which is other condition, the occurrence of political use of served as national language, there is also local languages Indonesian language as National language, is seen which can also be used as intergroup communication tools differently by some of Indonesian society, that this condition which with the existence belongs to intellectual assets that can lead to fears of the marginalization of the local should be maintained, preserved, and protected. As languages in Indonesia as mother language. Moreover in considered as local languages, those languages are the midst of globalization that makes English as the included in one family language, namely Austronesian international language. Thi condition also contributes to the (Blust, 1977 in Darheni, 2010: 969-986). One of the local lingual constellation in its use. Pople will more forget about languages which functions as communication tools between the existence of local languages as their first language. its speakers is Sundanese language that is used by Although, as stated by Putu Wijana, there has not been Sundanese people who are scattered in Pangandaran enough evidence to explain that learning two languages or Regency, West Java Indonesia. Sundanese language is more will cause barriers. Amid the solicitudes of the local appointed as mother language by the Sundanese people, community towards the loyalty of their member in using as well as being used as a communication tool in daily life. local language, instincts towards language preservation The existence of Indonesian language which is politically have been naturally owned by speakers of the language placed as national language has more or less influenced since long ago. Tensile vocabulary and mutual influence the use of local languages, including the use of Sundanese between languages is a real form of language retention language by the Sundanese community. That is why, efforts. Unconsciously, the vocabulary tugging has an recently, the existence of Sundanese language which just influence on the language of the opponent and the like other local languages, starts to experience functional language of the speakers themselves. These influences pressure, along with the politics use of the language. Based on the abovementioned fact, Sundanese language today is

929 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 started to be abandoned by its speakers, even the by lingual mapping based on geographical information Sundanese native speakers to communicate each other. system (GIS) application. The relation between the Hereafter, whether it is realized ot not, Sundanese Sundanese and Javanese language can be seen from the language has experienced a shift in language. If this influence given each other by the both languages in form of condition continues to be ignored, it is possible to lead certain lingual patterns and certain preservation level too. Sundanese language to the symptoms of language This research is beneficial for the development of linguistics extinction (language death). Sundanese language in theory, especially dialectology and comparative linguistics, Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia, has typical and practically this research also contributes for making the characteristics which makes it different from Sundanese policy on language preservation and development, language in other regions in West Java, due to its position especially in Pangandaran and West Java. which is near the border of Central Java Province. This state also caused by the geosocial condition of RESEARCH METHODS Pangandaran District which is directly bordered by the There are two approach used in this study, namely the Javanese ethnic, so that lead it to the unique lingual theoretical approach and the methodological approach. phenomena. Moreover, the interaction between ethnics Theoretically, the approach used in this study is the brings influence to the lingual characteristics in that region. dialectology approach. Weijnen et al. (Ayatrohaedi, 2002: 1- That‟s why Sundanese language in most regions in East 2) argues that dialect is a linguistic system that is used by Priangan has typical language symptom caused by the one community to distinguish them from other neighboring interaction between Sundanese language and Javanese communities that use different systems despite their close language. Pangandaran is one of the regencies in relationship. Mahsun (1995) limits dialect as a variety of Javanese Province with which the complexity in population languages used in some countries (local dialects), or by is high enough. One of the factors which caused the residents who have certain social classes (social dialects or complexity is the geographical factor of Pangandaran that is sociolect), which differ in several words, grammar, and / or boarderd by Cilacap Regency, West Java Province, to the pronunciation from other forms in the same language. From east. This condition makes Pangandaran as one of some of the views above, it can be concluded that the language enclave in which allows the intersection happens dialect is a system of language variations. As for between two or more languages. The intersection between methodologically, this study uses qualitative-descriptive languages will bring the more complex lingual dynamics. methods. Qualitatively, it means the data examined and the Sundanese ethnic people mostly populates Pangandaran results of the analysis are obtained from recordings, Regency. However, due to one of the political policies in the observations, interviews, or written material and the data is New Order era, namely transmigration and distribution of described in words or letters not numbers (Djojosuroto and population in Indonesia‟s territory, especially in Java island. Kinayati, 2004: 17). Meanwhile, the descriptive approach is After joining this program, many Javanese people who based on facts, which are empirically available to the moved from their residence and began to settle in speakers, so the results are in the description of language Pangandaran Regency. Transmigration has affected, more as it is. The use of this descriptive method is in line with or less, to the sociocultural and lingual dynamics in what Sudaryanto (2015) explained that the data obtained is Pangandaran Regency. Sundanese and Javanese the result of observations of the author without assessing language. In terms of linguistic status, are two related the correct or incorrect data. This research was conducted languages which belong to Austronesian or Archipleago in three stages, which are (1) provision of the data, (2) data language family (Mulyana, 1975). The relations between analysis, and (3) presenting the research result. The the languages which are still relative, in fact, are apparently research begins with the provision of data which with the not as close as one language to another; some are closer methods used are conversation (cakap) and observation or even farther (Blust, 1977). Blust classifies the language (simak) method (Sudaryanto, 2015). At the stage of wich are considered as relatives, based on the distance of providing data, the first step taken is to determine the area the relationship of the language called subgrouping. There that is used as the location of the research. After that, the have been many studies on the subgrouping of langauages steps that must be carried out are to provide data using the in Indonesan archipelago, such as the study done by Dyen skillful method, namely the method of collecting lingual data (1965), Mees (1967), Blust (1977), or Suryata (1998). by conducting a conversation between researchers and Suryata (1998), specifically, groups Sundanese and speakers as resource persons. The data collection is also Javanese languages as kinship languages which are done by several techniques, including doing directed closely enough related. In order to revitalize the Sundanese conversation, asking direct questions, asking indirect language as a local language in Pangandaran Regency, questions, provoking answers, and asking for multiple West Java, Indonesia, it is important to make an inventory answers. The instrument used in the collecting data of the factors which influence the life of language whether it process is a list of vocabulary (swadesh) which contains is survive or not, in the midst of cultural and language several parts that will be asked, namely the language in the “strikes” that originates from outside the administrative existing kinship system, pronouns, and body parts. The region of the speech. This effort can be used as a following are data collection tools (instruments) used in the consideration for policy making by the local government to form of: maintain and preserve the local language and the lingual- a) Data informants addressed to informants to cultural constellation that still exists today. This research reveal the identity of informants, starting from aims to reveal the relation between Sundanese and the place of birth, length of stay in the research Javanese language in Pangandaran Regency, which area, and mobility of the informant; interact and influence each other (language contact), done

b) Village data that is addressed to the village Pangandaran Regency area is one of the interprovincial head and the population; border areas, namely West Java Province and Central Java c) Questions list which contains vocabulary lists Province. Each border area is often a transitional language, addressed to informants to reveal vocabulary not only in administrative aspects but also in aspects of data. language and culture. Mutual influence between languages Furthermore, in the observation method, the researcher and intercultural is commonplace in border areas. directly interviews the informants (Teknik cakap semuka) Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language interacts with and listen to them by taking a note and recording (teknik Javanese language from Cilacap Regency, Central Java. rekam dan catat) on their responses or their spontaneous Javanese language is also widely found in the stories that are successfully provoked by the researcher. Pangandaran area. Traces of the influence of Javanese This record is used as a data checker when there is a doubt culture are clearly seen in Pangandaran, such as the about the data (which has been recorded). If the required names of the places in several Pangandaran area that are data has been obtained, the next stage is how the data is identical to the phonological rules of Javanese language, processed and analyzed. The list of questions used in this such as Kedung Wuluh, Tunggilis, Bagolo, Wonoharjo, study is 300 basic vocabulary Swadesh modified according Sidomulyo, and Sukoharjo. This condition reinforces one to the needs and objectives of the study. The question list thing, that the administrative region cannot limit where a consists of three groups of questions and is divided into 12 language must be spoken. The influences of Javanese parts, namely vocabulary which contains meanings, such language on Sundanese language can be seen in the as kinship system, pronouns, body parts, parts of a house, phonological and lexical aspects. The existence of internal tools, geography, plants and fruits, animals, food/drinks, innovations in Sundanese language vocabulary influenced human characteristics/circumstances, abstract expressions, by Javanese language through various phoneme verbs, question words, and conjunctions. The vocabulary correspondences and external innovations through the used is the Sundanese vocabulary everyday. The analytical whole realization of Javanese language vocabulary is one method used in this study is the comparative-synchronic sign of the influence of Javanese language on Sundanese method. In other words, the data obtained from the various language. villages studied are compared with each other and compared to other Sundanese languages. This research Dialectal Variation of Sundanese Language in was conducted in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Pangandaran-West Java, Indonesia Province, Indonesia, by selecting five districts as Sundanese language with Pangandaran dialect has a observation areas which are determined based on the significant difference from the standard Sundanese direction of the wind. In each the district, four villages are language. The differences occurred due to many factors, also chosen based on the direction of the wind. The areas such as the influence of Javanese language which were that are taken as research sites are Cimerak District (Legok brought by Javanese who have lived and settled in Jawa Village, Kertaharja Village, Masawah Village, and Pangandaran area (geographically and demographically Sindangsari Village); Padaherang District (Wuluh Village, influenced). Historically, Javanese people migrated to Paledah Village, Maruyungsari Village, and Sindangwangi Pangandaran region. This migration had more or less Village); Kalipucang District (Tunggilis Village, Bagolo influenced the cultural and lingual condition in Pangandaran Village, Cibuluh Village, and Emplak Village); Sidamulih region itself. Therefore, it is natural that Sundanese District (Cikembulan Village, Pajaten Village, Sidamulih language with Pangandaran dialect has differences with Village, and Sukaresik Village); and Pangandaran District Sundanese language in standard. The differences will be (Wonoharjo Village, Sidomulyo Village, Sukaharjo Village, clearly seen if calculated by using dialectometric calcutions and Pananjung Village). Dialectal variation of Sundanese (this explanation is briefly discussed below).Dialectal language in Pangandaran is shown in form of language variation of Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language is mapping with which based on Geographical Information seen from the phonological and lexical aspects. From the System (ArcGIS). Generally, GIS is a system (with phonological aspects, there are found the lingual symtoms computer based) which is used to store and to analyse in form of phonological correspondence of Pangandaran- objects and phenomena; and geographical location which dialect Sundanese language. Meanwhile, from the lexical are taken as characteristics to anaylize. By using GIS aspect, there are many lexicons of Javanese language approach, we can answer several questions, such as which were fully absorbed or adopted into Sundanese location, conditions, trends, patterns, and meodeling. In the language with Pangandaran dialect. contexts of dialectology, GIS application can be used to make language mapping patterns and models in a certain (1) Dialectal Variation on Phonology Aspects area with which the area in the context of this study is There are dialectal variations on phonology aspects found Pangandaean region, West Java Province, Indonesia. in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language, such as correspondence Ø ~ = h / #-; correspondence w ~ = b / #-; RESULTS AND DISCUSSION correspondence i ~ = ε / #-; correspondence Ø ~ = k / #-; The geographical position of the Sundanese ethnic correspondence o ~ = u / #-. community in Pangandaran Regency, West Java, as a native speaker of Sundanese language is very strategic. It Correspondence Ø ~ = h / #- is because the speakers of Sundanese language in There are several lexicons of Pangandaran-dialect Pangandaran Regency make it possible to interact with Sundanese language which have correspondence Ø ~ = h / other language speakers, especially Javanese language. #-. The lexicons are mentioned below. head : sira

sirah bö?öŋ neck : böhöŋ huntu? tooth : Untu? Untu hatε ? heart : ati atε ? buhaya : buaya? hayam chicken : ayam hεjo? green : εjo? ijo? Hidöŋ black : idöŋ irәŋ hujan rain : ujan udan hirup life : idup urip nyösöhan wash : ? nyösö an iruŋ nose : hiruŋ lεta? tongue : letah litah tihaŋ pole : ti?aŋ huraŋ shrimp : uraŋ pasihan to give : pasi?an hituŋ to count : ituŋ εtaŋ lahaŋ fermented palm wine : la?aŋ

Correspondence Ø ~ = h / #- on Pangandaran-dialect Besides correspondence Ø ~ = h / #-, is found on Sundanese language occurrs with the different location Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language, the symptom of variation; there are in the beginning phonem, middle correspondence w ~ = b / #- is also detected. The lexicons phonem, and ending phonem. which experience those correspondence is as written below. Correspondence w ~ = b / #- abu? ashes : lәbu? awu? batu? rock : watu? bulan moon : wulan bötöŋ stomach : wötöŋ bubuŋan roof : wuwuŋan binih seed : winih

iwuŋ bamboo shoot : ibuŋ tәbu? sugar cane : tiwu? bәriŋin banyan tree : wariŋin

Correspondence i ~ = ε / #- correspondence is not as intensive as the first two The other phonological symtom found in correspondences. There are only three lexicons that appear Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language is with the symptom of correspondence i ~ = ε / #-. The two correspondence i ~ = ε / #-. The appearance of the lexicons are written below.

lεta? tounge : lεtah litah lintah leech : lεntah bintaŋ star : bεntaŋ

Correspondence Ø ~ = k / #- In Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language, there is also found the symptom of phonological correspondence Ø ~ = k / #-. Below are some lexicons which experience the the symptom of phonological correspondence Ø ~ = k / #-.

manuk bird : manu? tεmbok wall : tεmbo?

Correspondence o ~ = u / #- The last phonological symptom found in Pangandaran-dialect is correspondence o ~ = u / #-. There is only one lexicon found with this correspondence as written below. buruk rotten : borok

(2) Full Absorption of Javanese Language Lexicon into Pangandaran-Dialect Sundanese Language

Besides phonological symptom, there is also another word classes, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Below symptom which appears in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese are several lexicons in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language as influence from Javanese, namely lexical language which have been influenced by Javanese symptom. This symptom is relatively found numerous. The language. full absorption of Javanese language lexicon into Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language occurs in several

Table 1 The Absorption of Javanese Language Lexicon into Pangandaran-District Sundanese Language No. Gloss Realization Form Observation Site Word Class 1 mouth bibir 1 noun biwir 2 lambε? 3,4,5 2 back toŋoŋ 1,2,3 noun gәgәr 4,5 3 bone baluŋ 3,4,5 noun tulaŋ 1,2 4 knee dәŋkul 5 noun tu?ur 1,2,3,4 5 mother piyuŋ 5 noun mama? 1,2,3,4 6 sister yayu? 4,5 noun lancök 1,2,3 7 verandah tεrlas 5 noun buruan 1,2,3,4

8 fire sönö? 1,2 noun gәni? 3,4,5 9 sun panonpoε? 1,3 noun srәŋεŋε? 2,4,5 10 sand pasir 1,2,3,4 noun wәdi? 5 11 soil tanöh 1,4 noun lәmah 2,3,5 12 root akar 1,2,3 noun oyod 4,5 13 grass jukut 1,2,3,4 noun sukәt 5 14 fish lauk 1,2,3,4 noun iwak 5 15 crab köyöp 1,4 noun yuyu? 2,3,5 16 goat әmbε? 1,3,4 noun wәdus 2,5 17 monkey mońεt 1,3,4 noun kәtεk 2,5 18 many; much loba 1,3 adjective sö?ör 2,4 sikεh 5 19 wet tәlәs 3,4,5 adjective basöh 1,2 20 swollen baröh 1,2,3 adjective apuh 4,5 21 heavy börat 3,4 adjective abot 1,2,5 22 ugly gorεŋ 1,3,5 adjective εlεk 2,4 23 fat montok 1,2,3 adjective lәmu? 4,5 24 far adoh 5 adjective jauh 1,2,3,4 25 little lötik 2,3,4 adjective cilik 1,5 26 wide amba? 1,2,3,4,5 adjective 27 slippery lö?ör 1,4 adjective luńu? 2,3,5 28 long panjaŋ 1,2,3 adjective dawa? 4,5 29 short pondok 1,4 adjective cilәk 2,3,5 30 narrow hörin 1,2,3,4 adjective rupәk 5 31 sharp sököt 1,2 adjective landәp 3,4,5 32 float ŋapuŋ 1,2,3 verb mabur 4,5 33 listen ŋupiŋ 1,2,3 verb kruŋu? 4,5 34 throw ŋantәm 3,4,5 verb balεdog 1,2 35 cut motoŋ 1,2,3,4 verb nugәl 5

Mapping of Pangandaran-Dialect Sundanese Language From all abovementioned glosses, both from phonological and lexical aspects, only five glosses are be mapped to represent each of the lingual symptoms which have been mentioned previously. As for showing the lingual symptoms in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language, fifteen glosses which represent each lingual symptom are described below.

Gloss Realization Form Observation Site head Sira 4,5 sirah 1,2,3 black hidöŋ 1,2 idöŋ 3 irәŋ 4,5 ashes abu? 3 lәbu? 1,2,4 awu? 5 stomach bötöŋ 1,2,3 wötöŋ 4,5

tounge lεta? 5 lεtah 1,3 litah 2,4 leech lintah 3,4 lεntah 1,2,5 star bintaŋ 2,3,4 bεntaŋ 1,5 bird manuk 1,2,3 manu? 4,5 wall tεmbok 1,2 tεmbo? 3,4,5 rotten buruk 1,3 borok 2,4,5 back toŋoŋ 1,2,3 gәgәr 4,5 knee dәŋkul 5 tu?ur 1,2,3,4 mother piyuŋ 5 mama? 1,2,3,4 fire sönö? 1,2 gәni? 3,4,5 soil tanöh 1,4 lәmah 2,3,5

Picture 1 Map of Dialectal Variation of Lexicon ‘head’

The lexicon „head‟ in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese in Pangandaran Regency which are found using lexicon language (BSDP) is know as word [sira] and [sirah]. The [sira] is Cikembulan Village, Pajaten Village, Sidamulih word that is used in the Standard Sundanese Language Village, Wonoharjo Village, Sidomulyo Village, Sukahurip (BSB) is word [sirah]. The change of word [sirah] becomes Village, Pananjung Village, Legokjawa Village, and Bagolo [sira] in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language is Village. Meanwhile the areas in Pangandaran Regency apocope (the phonemic removal in the end of word]. which show using the lexicon [sirah] are Sukaresik Village, Apocope symptom in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese Kertaharja Village, Masawah Village, Sindangsari Village, language is also found in vocabularies as follows, [letah] Kedungwuluh Village, Paledah Village, Maruyungsari becomes [lεta?] for pronounciation word „tounge‟; [manuk] Village, Sindangwangi Village, Tunggilis Village, Cibuluh becomes [manu?] for pronunciation word „bird‟; [tεmbok] Village, and Emplak Village. becomes [tεmbok?] for pronunciation word „wall‟. The areas

Picture 2 Map of Dialectal Variation of Lexicon ‘black’

The lexicon „black‟ in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese becomes [εjo?]. The areas of word [hidöŋ] in Pangandaran language (BSDP) is known as lexicon [hidöŋ], [idöŋ] and Regency are Kertaharja Village, Masawah Village, [irәŋ]. The word used in the standard Sundanese language Sindangsari Village, Kedungwuluh Village, Paledah Village, (BSB) dictionary is the word [hidöŋ]. The change of lexicon Sindangwangi Village, Sidamulih Village, and Sukaraesik [hidöŋ] becomes [idöŋ] in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese Village. Meanwhile the areas which use the word [idöŋ] are language is kind of apheresis (phonemic removal in the Tunggilis Village, Cibuluh Village, Emplak Village, beginning of word]. Apheresis symptom in Pangandaran- Maruyungsari Village. Furthermore, the areas which use the dialect Sundanese language is also occurred in other word [irәŋ] are Legokjawa Village, Bagolo Village, Pajaten words, such as lexicon [huntu?] becomes [Untu?]; [hatε ? ] Village, Cikembulan Village, Wonoharjo Village, Sidomulyo becomes [atε? ]; [hayam] becomes [ayam]; and [hεjo?] Village, Sukahurip Village, and Pananjung Village.

Picture 3 Map of Dialectal Variation of Lexicon ‘stomach’

The lexicon „stomach‟ in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese Kertaharja Village, Masawah Village, Sindangsari Village, language (BSDP) is known as word [bötöŋ], and [wötöŋ]. Kedungwuluh Village, Paledah Village, Maruyungsari The word used in the standard Sundanese language (BSB) Village, Sindangwangi Village, Tunggilis Village, Cibuluh dictionary is [bötöŋ]. The areas of word [bötöŋ] are Village, Emplak Village, and Bagolo Village. Meanwhile the

936 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 areas which use the word [wötöŋ] are Legokjawa Village, [wötöŋ] in most regions in Pangandaran Regency is an Cikembulan Village, Pajaten Village, Sidamulih Village, evidence of influence of Javanese language on Sukaresik Village, Wonoharjo Village, Sidomulyo Village, Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language. The lexicon Sukahurip Village, and Pananjung Village. The use of word [wötöŋ] is a Javanese language of word „stomach‟.

Picture 4 Map of Dialectal Variation of Lexicon ‘back’

The word „back‟ Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language Meanwhile the areas which is discovered using [gәgәr] are (BSDP) is known as word [toŋoŋ] and [gәgәr]. The word Legokjawa Village, Cikembulan Village, Pajaten Village, used in the standard Sundanese language (BSB) dictionary Wonoharjo Village, Sidomulyo Village, Sukahurip Village, is [toŋoŋ]. The areas of word [toŋoŋ] are Kertaharja Village, Pananjung Village, and Paledah Village. The use of lexicon Masawah Village, Sindangsari Village, Kedung Wuluh [gәgәr] in most of regions in Pangandaran Regency proves Village, Maruyungsari Village, Sindangwangi Village, the influence of Javanese language on Pangandaran- Tunggilis Village, Bagolo Village, Cibuluh Village, Emplak dialect Sundanese language. The lexicon [gәgәr] a Village, Sidamulih Village, and Sukaresik Village. Javanese language of word „back‟.

Picture 5 Map of Dialectal Variation of ‘fire’

The word „fire‟ Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language [2] Blust, Robert. (1977). The Proto Austronesian (BSDP) is known as word [sönö?] and [gәni?]. The word Pronouns and Austronesian Subgrouping. Leiden: used in the standard Sundanese language (BSB) dictionary A Preliminary Report, Rijkuniversiteit. is [sönö?]. The areas of word [sönö?] are Legokjawa Village, [3] Darheni, Nani. (2010). “Bahasa Sunda Perbatasan Kertaharja Village, Masawah Village, Sindangsari Village, (Borderland) di Kecamatan Dayeuhluhur, Kedungwuluh Village, Paledah Village, Maruyungsari Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah: Primordialisme Village, Sindangwangi Village, Tunggilis Village, Sidamulih Masyarakat Perbatasan Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Village, Sukaresik Village, Cibuluh Village, and Emplak Barat” dalam Jurnal Sosioteknologi Edisi 21 Tahun Village. Meanwhile the areas which is discovered using the 9, Desember 2010. Halaman 969-986. word [gәni?] are Bagolo Village, Cikembulan Village, [4] Djojosuroto, K. dan M.L.A. Sumaryati. 2004. Pajaten Village, Wonoharjo Village, Sidomulyo Village, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Pedalam Penelitian Bahasa Sukahurip Village, and Pananjung Village. The use of word dan Sastra. Bandung: Nuansa. [gәni?] in most of Pangandaran‟s areas proves proves the [5] Dyen, Isodora. (1965). “Lexicostatistical influence of Javanese language on Pangandaran-dialect Classification of The Austronesia Language”. Sundanese language. The lexicon [gәni?] is a Javanese Memory of the International Journal of American language word of „fire‟. Linguistics, 28: 31-42. [6] Mahsun. 1995. Dialektologi Diakronis Sebuah CONCLUSION Pengantar. Cet. I. Yoyakarta: Gadjah Mada Goegraphical position of Sundanese community in University Press. Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, as the native [7] Mees, CA. (1967). Perbandingan Bahasa-Bahasa speaker of Sundanese language is very strategic. This is Nusantara. Kualalumpur: University of Malaya due to Pangandaran is situated in a language enclave, Press. which is possible for the Sundanese language speakers to [8] Mulyana, Slamet. (1975). Asal Bangsa dan Bahasa interact with other language speakers, especially Javanese Nusantara. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. language. Pangandaran region is a border area of West [9] Nadra. (1997). Geografi Dialek Bahasa Java Province with Central Java Province to the east. Minangkabau. Disertasi Doktor Universitas Gadjah Traces of the influence of Javanese culture are clearly seen Mada, Yogyakarta. in Pangandaran, such as the names of the places in several [10] Patriantoro. (1999). Dialektologi Bahasa Melayu Di Pangandaran area that are identical to the phonological Kalimanan Barat. FKIP Uiversitas Tanjungpura rules of Javanese language, such as Kedung Wuluh, Pontianak. Tunggilis, Bagolo, Wonoharjo, Sidomulyo, and Sukoharjo. [11] Sudaryanto. 2015. Metode dan Teknik Analisis This condition reinforces one thing, that the administrative Bahasa: Pengantar Penelitian Wahana region cannot limit where a language must be spoken. Kebudayaan Secara Linguistis. Yogyakarta: Dialectal variation of Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese Penerbit Universitas Sanata Dharma. language is seen from the phonological and lexical aspects. [12] Suryata, Pujiati. (1998). “Subgrouping dan Migrasi From the phonological aspects, there are found the lingual Sembilan Bahasa di Indonesia: Kajian Linguistik symtoms in form of phonological correspondence of Komparatif”. Jurnal Iptek dan Humaniora, Nomor 3 Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language. Meanwhile, tahun ke-3, 111-125. from the lexical aspect, there are many lexicons of [13] Wijana, I Dewa Putu. (2006). Sosiolinguistik: Kajian Javanese language which were fully absorbed or adopted Teori dan Analisis. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. into Sundanese language with Pangandaran dialect. There are several dialectal variations on phonology aspects in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language, such as correspondence Ø ~ = h / #-; correspondence w ~ = b / #-; correspondence i ~ = ε / #-; correspondence Ø ~ = k / #-; correspondence o ~ = u / #-. Reffering to dialectometry calculation, the lingual symptoms in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language, both of phonological or lexical symptoms, are considered as phenomena which only display the differentiation on sub dialect. It means that although the lexicons which are influenced from Javanese language are many found in Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language, it doesn mean that Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language is a different language. The difference only lies on its sub dialect.

REFERENCES [1] Ayatrohedi. (2002). Pedoman Penelitian Dialektologi. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.