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Dialect-Sundanese Language, West Java- Indonesia Based on Lingual Mapping Geographical Information System (Arcgis): a Study of Dialectology

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Dialect-Sundanese Language, West Java- Indonesia Based on Lingual Mapping Geographical Information System (Arcgis): a Study of Dialectology INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 Tracking The Traces Of The Influence Of Javanese Language Towards Pangandaran- Dialect-Sundanese Language, West Java- Indonesia Based On Lingual Mapping Geographical Information System (Arcgis): A Study Of Dialectology Wagiati, Nani Darmayanti, Duddy Zein Abstract:This research examines the traces of Javanese language and its influence on Pangandaran-dialect-Sundanese language, in West Java Province, Indonesia, which based on lingual mapping by using Geographical Information System (ArcGIS) with geolinguistic perspective. The approaches used in this research are theoretical approach and methodological approach. Theoritically, the approach used in this research is the diactology research. As for methodology, the method used in this research is the qualitative-descriptive method. This study starts with provision data done through the conversation (cakap) and observation (simak) method. The data is the language in system of existing kinship, the pronouns, and the body parts which is collected by using the vocabulary basic list method (Swadesh list). The data is analyzed by using the comparative-synchronic method. This research was carried out in Pangandaran Regency, by selecting five districts as observation area which determined based on the direction of the wind. The districts are Cimerak District, Sidamulih District, Kalipuncang District, Padaherang District, and Pangandaran District. The research results show (1) the traces of Javanese language are found in Pangandaran. One of the traces is the names of place in the region of Pangandaran which are identically with the phonology rules of Javanese language; (2) dialectal variation of Pangandaran-dialect Sundanese language which is influenced by Javanese language can be seen from phonology and lexical aspects; and (3) based on the dialectometry calculation, the lingual symtomps on Pangandaran dialect-Sundanese language are only phenomena which only shows subdialect differentiation. Key Word: dialectology, dialectometry, phonological correspondence, lexical —————————— —————————— INTRODUCTION can be adapted directly without going through the The rapid development of Indonesian language into adjustments and sound changes. Thus, the mutual national language and official language in the country of influence is a form of resistance from each language to Indonesia, becomes a very pleasant condition. Almost all keep their existence. In a dialectological perspective, educated generations use Indonesian language as the daily interacting between language leads them to possibly affect language. Indonesian language as national language has one to another. Thus, one language can influence another been successfully becoming a communication tool or language, and on the other side, the “native” language has medium for many ethnic groups which widely-spread-live in imunity to survive from the impact brought by foreign our country. By using Indonesian language, they whom languages, and later in times, there is found a compromise with the background culture and language are different from the both interacting languages. The lingual condition each other, are still able to communicate. However, in the in Indonesia, besides having Indonesian language which is other condition, the occurrence of political use of served as national language, there is also local languages Indonesian language as National language, is seen which can also be used as intergroup communication tools differently by some of Indonesian society, that this condition which with the existence belongs to intellectual assets that can lead to fears of the marginalization of the local should be maintained, preserved, and protected. As languages in Indonesia as mother language. Moreover in considered as local languages, those languages are the midst of globalization that makes English as the included in one family language, namely Austronesian international language. Thi condition also contributes to the (Blust, 1977 in Darheni, 2010: 969-986). One of the local lingual constellation in its use. Pople will more forget about languages which functions as communication tools between the existence of local languages as their first language. its speakers is Sundanese language that is used by Although, as stated by Putu Wijana, there has not been Sundanese people who are scattered in Pangandaran enough evidence to explain that learning two languages or Regency, West Java Indonesia. Sundanese language is more will cause barriers. Amid the solicitudes of the local appointed as mother language by the Sundanese people, community towards the loyalty of their member in using as well as being used as a communication tool in daily life. local language, instincts towards language preservation The existence of Indonesian language which is politically have been naturally owned by speakers of the language placed as national language has more or less influenced since long ago. Tensile vocabulary and mutual influence the use of local languages, including the use of Sundanese between languages is a real form of language retention language by the Sundanese community. That is why, efforts. Unconsciously, the vocabulary tugging has an recently, the existence of Sundanese language which just influence on the language of the opponent and the like other local languages, starts to experience functional language of the speakers themselves. These influences pressure, along with the politics use of the language. Based on the abovementioned fact, Sundanese language today is 929 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 started to be abandoned by its speakers, even the by lingual mapping based on geographical information Sundanese native speakers to communicate each other. system (GIS) application. The relation between the Hereafter, whether it is realized ot not, Sundanese Sundanese and Javanese language can be seen from the language has experienced a shift in language. If this influence given each other by the both languages in form of condition continues to be ignored, it is possible to lead certain lingual patterns and certain preservation level too. Sundanese language to the symptoms of language This research is beneficial for the development of linguistics extinction (language death). Sundanese language in theory, especially dialectology and comparative linguistics, Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia, has typical and practically this research also contributes for making the characteristics which makes it different from Sundanese policy on language preservation and development, language in other regions in West Java, due to its position especially in Pangandaran and West Java. which is near the border of Central Java Province. This state also caused by the geosocial condition of RESEARCH METHODS Pangandaran District which is directly bordered by the There are two approach used in this study, namely the Javanese ethnic, so that lead it to the unique lingual theoretical approach and the methodological approach. phenomena. Moreover, the interaction between ethnics Theoretically, the approach used in this study is the brings influence to the lingual characteristics in that region. dialectology approach. Weijnen et al. (Ayatrohaedi, 2002: 1- That‟s why Sundanese language in most regions in East 2) argues that dialect is a linguistic system that is used by Priangan has typical language symptom caused by the one community to distinguish them from other neighboring interaction between Sundanese language and Javanese communities that use different systems despite their close language. Pangandaran is one of the regencies in relationship. Mahsun (1995) limits dialect as a variety of Javanese Province with which the complexity in population languages used in some countries (local dialects), or by is high enough. One of the factors which caused the residents who have certain social classes (social dialects or complexity is the geographical factor of Pangandaran that is sociolect), which differ in several words, grammar, and / or boarderd by Cilacap Regency, West Java Province, to the pronunciation from other forms in the same language. From east. This condition makes Pangandaran as one of some of the views above, it can be concluded that the language enclave in which allows the intersection happens dialect is a system of language variations. As for between two or more languages. The intersection between methodologically, this study uses qualitative-descriptive languages will bring the more complex lingual dynamics. methods. Qualitatively, it means the data examined and the Sundanese ethnic people mostly populates Pangandaran results of the analysis are obtained from recordings, Regency. However, due to one of the political policies in the observations, interviews, or written material and the data is New Order era, namely transmigration and distribution of described in words or letters not numbers (Djojosuroto and population in Indonesia‟s territory, especially in Java island. Kinayati, 2004: 17). Meanwhile, the descriptive approach is After joining this program, many Javanese people who based on facts, which are empirically available to the moved from their residence and began to settle in speakers, so the results are in the description of language Pangandaran Regency. Transmigration has affected, more as it is. The use of this descriptive method is in line with or less,
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