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On July 28, , however, the IRA announced that it had ended its armed campaign and instead would pursue only peaceful means to achieve its objectives. The IRA was back in the headlines in when an investigation into the murder of a former IRA leader revealed that at least some of the organizational structure of the Provisional IRA was still in place. Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. Crime Museum - Irish Republican Army. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. See Article History. Britannica Quiz. World Organizations: Fact or Fiction? Fewer than 50 countries belong to the United Nations. Get exclusive access to content from our First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today. Learn More in these related Britannica articles:. Simultaneously, the Irish Republican Army IRA was organized to resist British administration and to secure recognition for the government of the Irish republic. The IRA launched widespread ambushes and attacks on…. In the IRA declared a cease-fire, and for the next 18 months there was considerable optimism that a new period of political cooperation between north and south had been inaugurated. The cease-fire collapsed in , however, and the IRA resumed its bombing campaign. History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On This Day , every day in your inbox! Email address. By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. On 28 July the IRA announced an end to the armed campaign, stating that it would work to achieve its aims solely by peaceful political means, with volunteers to dump all weapons and to end all paramilitary activity. Having compared the weapons decommissioned with the British and Irish security forces' estimates of the IRA's arsenal, and because of the IRA's full involvement in the process of decommissioning the weapons, the IICD arrived at their conclusion that all IRA weaponry has been decommissioned. In the early days of the Troubles the IRA was poorly armed, in Derry in early the IRA's weaponry consisted of six M1 carbines , two Thompson submachine guns , one or two M1 Garand rifles, and a variety of handguns. The IRA was mainly active in Northern Ireland, although it took its campaign to England and mainland Europe, and limited activity also took place in the Republic of Ireland. The IRA was responsible for more deaths than any other organisation during the Troubles. All levels of the organisation were entitled to send delegates to General Army Conventions. The convention elected a member Executive, which selected seven members, usually from within the Executive, to form the Army Council. The chief-of-staff would be assisted by an adjutant general as well as a General Headquarters GHQ staff, which consisted of a quartermaster general , and directors of finance, engineering, training, intelligence, publicity, operations, and security. In late the IRA in Belfast restructured, introducing clandestine cells named active service units, consisting of between four and ten members. The IRA's goal was an all-Ireland democratic socialist republic. American TV news broadcasts tended to describe the Provisional IRA as "activists" and "guerrillas", while British TV news broadcasts commonly used the term "terrorists", particularly the BBC as part of its editorial guidelines published in It is unclear how many people joined the IRA during the Troubles, as it did not keep detailed records of personnel. Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi , was a supplier of arms to the IRA, donating two shipments of arms in the early s, [] and another five in the mids. Another main source of support was from Irish Americans in the United States, who donated weapons and money. In May , the Federal Security Service , Russia's internal security service, accused Estonia of arms smuggling, and claimed that the IRA had bought weapons from arms dealers linked to Estonia's volunteer defence force, Kaitseliit. The IRA publicly condemned sectarianism and sectarian attacks, however some IRA members did carry out sectarian attacks. Protestants in the rural border areas of counties Fermanagh and Tyrone , where the number of members of the security forces killed was high, viewed the IRA's campaign as ethnic cleansing. To fund its campaign, the IRA was allegedly involved in criminal activities such as robberies, counterfeiting , protection rackets , kidnapping for ransom, fuel laundering and cigarette smuggling. Generally, the IRA was against drug dealing and prostitution, because it would be unpopular within Catholic communities and for moral reasons. The vigilantism of the IRA and other paramilitary organisations has been condemned as " summary justice ". Throughout the Troubles, some members of the IRA passed information to the security forces. The IRA regarded informers as traitors, [] and a threat to the organisation and lives of its members. Former IRA volunteers are involved in various dissident republican splinter groups , which are active in the low-level dissident Irish republican campaign. Irish War of Independence. Dissident Campaign. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the association of physics education professionals and enthusiasts, see Physics Instructional Resource Association. For other uses, see Pira disambiguation. See also: Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign — See also: Irish hunger strike and Armalite and ballot box strategy. Main article: Northern Ireland peace process. Main article: Active service unit. See also: Provisional IRA arms importation. Main article: Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland. Main article: Dissident republican. O'Neill" was used during the s. The three judge Special Criminal Court was re-introduced following a series of regional court cases where IRA volunteers were acquitted or received light sentences from sympathetic judges and juries, and also to prevent jury tampering. This generally happened where the volunteer had children whose father was dead or imprisoned. There are some other cases where male IRA volunteers were permitted to present a defence. This was due to convictions being based solely on the evidence of dubious witnesses, as most supergrasses were paramilitaries giving evidence in return for a shorter prison sentence or immunity from prosecution. Ackerman, Gary. A Journal of Strategic Security. Aldridge, Meryl; Hewitt, Nicholas Manchester University Press. Armstrong, Charles I. Palgrave Macmillan. BBC News. Retrieved 7 June Bean, Kevin Oxford University Press. Bew, Paul ; Gillespie, Gordon Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, Biersteker, Thomas J. Countering the Financing of Terrorism. Bowyer Bell, J. Poolbeg Press. Transaction Publishers. Boyne, Sean O'Brien Press. Brown, Joesph M. Columbia University Press. Campbell, Anne 24 February Irish Independent. Retrieved 25 August Clancy, Mary Alice C. Ashgate Publishing. Clarke, Liam; Johnston, Kathryn Mainstream Publishing. Cochrane, Feargal Journal of Peace Research. Connelly, Mark Conway, Vicky Coogan, Tim Pat Martin's Griffin. The I. A Farewell to Arms? Beyond the Good Friday Agreement. Dempster, Lauren Dillon, Martin The Dirty War. Arrow Books. Bantam Books. Dingley, James Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland. Praeger Publishing. English, Richard Pan Books. Eriksson, Anna Justice in Transition: Community restorative justice in Northern Ireland. Willan Publishing. Pluto Press. Findlay, Mark Springer Publishing. Frampton, Martyn Geraghty, Tony Gillespie, Gordon Scarecrow Press. Goodspeed, Michael Grant, Patrick Hamill, Heather Princeton University Press. Hamilton, George 22 August Police Service of Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 24 August Retrieved 23 August Hanley, Brian; Millar, Scott Penguin Books. Harding, Thomas 9 September The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 May Harnden, Toby Irish Republican Army: The Troubles, Attacks & Ceasefire - HISTORY

The organization was declared illegal in and again in Five IRA leaders were executed, and many more were interned. After the withdrawal of Ireland from the British Commonwealth in , the IRA turned its attention to agitating for the unification of the predominantly Roman Catholic Irish republic with predominantly Protestant Northern Ireland. The situation changed dramatically in the late s, when Catholics in Northern Ireland began a civil rights campaign against discrimination in voting, housing, and employment by the dominant Protestant government and population. Violence by extremists against the demonstrators—unhindered by the mostly Protestant police force the Royal Ulster Constabulary —set in motion a series of escalating attacks by both sides. Units of the IRA were organized to defend besieged Catholic communities in the province and were sustained by support from units in Ireland. Conflict over the widespread use of violence quickly led to another split in the IRA. It was estimated that, between and , the IRA killed about 1, people, including approximately civilians. The fortunes of the IRA waxed and waned after In light of declining support in the late s, the IRA reorganized in into detached cells to protect against infiltration. Assisted by extensive funding from some Irish Americans, the IRA procured weapons from international arms dealers and foreign countries, including Libya. It was estimated in the late s that the IRA had enough weapons in its arsenal to continue its campaign for at least another decade. The IRA became adept at raising money in Northern Ireland through extortion, racketeering, and other illegal activities, and it policed its own community through punishment beatings and mock trials. In April the participants in the talks approved the Good Friday Agreement Belfast Agreement , which linked a new power-sharing government in Northern Ireland with IRA decommissioning and other steps aimed at normalizing cross-community relations. Significantly, republicans agreed that the province would remain a part of Britain for as long as a majority of the population so desired, thus undermining the logic of continued military action by the IRA. Although the IRA subsequently destroyed some of its weapons, it resisted decommissioning its entire armoury, hampering implementation of key parts of the peace agreement. On July 28, , however, the IRA announced that it had ended its armed campaign and instead would pursue only peaceful means to achieve its objectives. The IRA was back in the headlines in when an investigation into the murder of a former IRA leader revealed that at least some of the organizational structure of the Provisional IRA was still in place. Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. Crime Museum - Irish Republican Army. Irish republican revolutionary military organisation. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December Learn how and when to remove this template message. An Sionnach Fionn Blog. Britain and Ireland, — Gill and Macmillan, The Irish Times. Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 23 April Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 September Index of articles associated with the same name. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use Irish English from October All Wikipedia articles written in Irish English All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November Articles needing additional references from December All articles needing additional references Articles with unsourced statements from February Use dmy dates from May Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles. Ірландська республіканська армія — Вікіпедія

Church of Ireland Parish Registers are a genealogy goldmine. Patrick's Day. This Irish Cream dessert recipe layers Baileys, Oreos, and chocolate pudding! American bride's heartwarming journey to get married in her Irish ancestor's village. Historic spots in Ireland where public executions took place. A local's guide to ten of Galway's best-kept secrets. This Irish author's new children's book is perfect for lovers of Irish folklore. Paddy Pals introduces five more delightful Irish teddy bears. IRA History. History Remembering the literary legend Brendan Behan with some of his best lines Legendary Irish writer Brendan Behan, responsible for some of the best-known and most wise quotes. History Remembering Northern Irish hunger striker Bobby Sands Bobby Sands was 27 years old when he died on May 5, , following a day hunger strike. Show More. Most Shared Most Recent. Travel Places to see in Ireland before you die — part one. Community American bride's heartwarming journey to get married in her Irish ancestor's village. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December Learn how and when to remove this template message. An Sionnach Fionn Blog. Britain and Ireland, — Gill and Macmillan, The Irish Times. Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 23 April Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 September Index of articles associated with the same name. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use Irish English from October All Wikipedia articles written in Irish English All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November Articles needing additional references from December All articles needing additional references Articles with unsourced statements from February Use dmy dates from May Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles. Namespaces Article Talk.

Provisional Irish Republican Army - Wikipedia

The Dirty War. Arrow Books. Bantam Books. Dingley, James Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland. Praeger Publishing. English, Richard Pan Books. Eriksson, Anna Justice in Transition: Community restorative justice in Northern Ireland. Willan Publishing. Pluto Press. Findlay, Mark Springer Publishing. Frampton, Martyn Geraghty, Tony Gillespie, Gordon Scarecrow Press. Goodspeed, Michael Grant, Patrick Hamill, Heather Princeton University Press. Hamilton, George 22 August Police Service of Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 24 August Retrieved 23 August Hanley, Brian; Millar, Scott Penguin Books. Harding, Thomas 9 September The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 May Harnden, Toby Hayes, Bernadette C. Terrorism and Political Violence. Hayes, David Main Line Book Co. Hennessy, Thomas Irish Academic Press. Holland, Jack ; McDonald, Henry Horgan, John ; Taylor, Max Archived from the original PDF on 11 September Horgan, John Independent Monitoring Commission October The Stationary Office. Ingram, Martin ; Harkin, Greg Stakeknife: Britain's Secret Agents in Ireland. Kennedy, Liam Who Was Responsible for the Troubles? The Northern Ireland Conflict. McGill—Queen's University Press. Kowalski, Rachel Caroline Leahy, Thomas Cambridge University Press. McCann, Eamonn War and an Irish Town. McGladdery, Gary McKearney, Tommy McKittrick, David Mallie, Eamonn; Bishop, Patrick The Provisional IRA. Corgi Books. Moloney, Ed Mulroe, Patrick Munck, Ronnie Journal of Contemporary History. Nordstrom, Carolyn; Martin, JoAnn The Paths to Domination, Resistance, and Terror. University of California Press. O'Brien, Brendan Political Studies. Merrion Press. O'Leary, Brendan a. O'Leary, Brendan b. Oppenheimer, A. Oppenheimer, Andy The Counter Terrorist. Patterson, Henry Quilligan, Michael Clarity Press. Reed, David Ireland: The Key to the British Revolution. Larkin Publications. Reinisch, Dieter 7 September European University Institute. Rowan, Brian Sanders, Andrew Edinburgh University Press. Shanahan, Timothy Sheehy, Kevin Sinclair, Samuel Justin; Antonius, Daniel The Political Psychology of Terrorism. Smith, M. Sutton, Malcolm. Conflict Archive on the Internet. Retrieved 12 June Taylor, Peter States of Terror. Bloomsbury Publishing. Tonge, Johnathan Northern Ireland: Conflict and Change. Tonge, Johnathan ; Murray, Gerard Weitzer, Ronald John State University of New York Press. White, Robert Indiana University Press. English Legal System. Provisional Irish Republican Army. Armed Republican groups in Ireland. The Troubles Northern Ireland. Irish republican paramilitaries. Direct Action Against Drugs. Ulster loyalist paramilitaries. The playwright and former IRA member Brendan Behan once said that the first issue on any Irish organisation's agenda was "the split". The first split came after the Anglo-Irish Treaty in , with supporters of the Treaty forming the nucleus of the National Army of the newly created Irish Free State , while the anti-treaty forces continued to use the name Irish Republican Army. Here in more detail is a representation [1] of a genealogical tree of Irish nationalist movements derived from the original IRA:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Irish republican revolutionary military organisation. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December Learn how and when to remove this template message. An Sionnach Fionn Blog. Britain and Ireland, — Gill and Macmillan, The Irish Times. Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 23 April

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