Franco Francesco Zazzara

The Future Of The

2013

For you Antonio,

cafone 1, provincial, righteous man

I have passed, with my genes, unto the present day, through you,

and … Grazia !

your son Franco Francesco

…

1 In the original Italian, “cafone ”, a word derived from Caf(u)one (Acadian) = man with animal (man who labors) – as in calf and, in the following text, “- one” INDEX

…I Have Not Put Away My Pen ...... 3

INTRODUCTION ...... Errore. Il segnalibro non è definito.

PART ONE ...... 4

MAP OF EVENTS AND MAIN CHARACTERS ...... Errore. Il segnalibro non è definito.

PART TWO ...... 57

The Future Of The Marsi Region Is ...... 116

BIBLIOGRAPHY - First Part ...... 117

BIBLIOGRAPHY Second Part ...... 118

…I Have Not Put Away My Pen

The sign for Inn (ɩnn ) in the cuneiform Acadian language symbols meaning river, resembling the spires of a serpent, together with the discovery of the name of the river Sangarius which flows in Turkey (a river with the same name of ‘’ flows in ), and that of the name of a river today called ‘Giovenco 1’ and that once was called ‘Pitone 2’ (like the snake), led me to describe the migration of Mankind (over various periods of time) from the land between the rivers, Mesopotamia, towards the center of the future Europe, going by way of the Danube and the Rheine, and in (land of calves and rivers) going by way of the rivers of Ofanto, Trigno, Sangro, , Reno, which all have similar etymologies.

The Sangro river up to Gioia (Vecchio) and down towards Sperone, , , Antino, Angizia and the Pitone-Giovenco River from to , to Armenio, and , has been a fascinating vehicle for the movement of Mankind over appreciably long distances, thousands of years ago, pursuing life along those waters.

The final destination of those journeys with reference to our story was Pit-Sa-In (opening in the rock-that- river), the Sumeric name of my extraordinary little town (Pescina) at the outlet of the snake-river Pitone which fed the Fucino Lake, which the Powers That Be, not History (Culture and Religion), would like to cancel.

17 July 2013

Franco Francesco Zazzara

1 calf, n. of tr. 2 Python , n. of tr.

PART ONE

They had invented writing in the year 2350 before Christ, a prescription for memory.

They had written ‘ One’ to mean MAN(KIND), Lord, Chief. They had written SA – Ta – Za – To in clay to indicate This, That (this , that thing).

They had imagined a path of river waters that rendered fertility to the land like the spires (the bends) of serpents … Inn They had written Ange with the meaning of narrow place/strait and Pitu to mean opening in the rock. Aighu indicated water and El was for High, up …

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They were navigators, navigating along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the fertile Half-moon, between Mesopotamia and the delta of the Nile.

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“The path along the waters of the Marsians of Germany and the Marsians of Abruzzo”

Beyond Mount Taurus, in Armenia, where the Tigris and the Euphrates are born, out of the high plains of Bayat towards the North, there was the Sangarius River (also described by Homer in the Iliad) which means: Sa = That Ange = narrow place (strait) Rheu = flows (runs ) and they followed it downstream until its mouth on the Black Sea. They navigated until the mouth (mouth, Pitu ) of the Danube, which means: Da = Ta = That nu = inn = river be = pit = opening. They went upstream on that, even on foot, on to its fountainhead in the (Black) Forest, near its opening in the rocks ( Pitu) . Next to this there was the Pitu (opening in the rocks, in the earth) of the Rheine River which comes from Rheu = flows Inn = river Through the straits of Bosporus, they navigated the Aegean Sea, they crossed the Peloponnese (Greece), heading upwards towards Arktos; cold, North, Arctic. They found the pitu (openings, orefices) of the Rivers of Ofanto, of Trigno, of Sangro, of Pescara, of Rheine. They went upstream along the Sangro ( Sa-Ang-Rheu = that narrow/strait flow ) River until its fountainhead, behind Yoya (light, day), Gioia Vecchia (the antique Gioia).

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The Sangarius River (Sakarya – Turkey) is the third largest river of Turkey, and flows across Asia Minor in a region once known as Phrygia. It is 824 km long. It empties into the Black Sea.

It is thus described by Homer: “…once I went to Phrygia, the land of vines and galloping horses, and learnt how numerous the Phrygians are when I saw the armies … encamped by the River Sangarius … “

(The Iliad, Book III, verse 187)

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The Sangro River of Abruzzo has the same name as the Sangarius (River) of Turkey.

The mouth (the Pitu ) of the Sangro River which can be found at Turin is a cacophony:

To = that Sa = that Rheu = flows Ang = strait Inn = river Rheu = flows

That flows river That strait flows

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The river path of the Danube. Beginning at the source in the Black Forest on to the mouth in the Black Sea. Its name, by way of an exchange of labial consonants, is similar to other words :

Da – nu – be That river opening (mouth) Sa – inn – pit = Pit – sa – in Pitsain = Pescina Sa - in - bi = Sa – bi – na B(P)itsain = Bisegna

Da = Sa Nu = inn Be = pit

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THE BEAUTIFUL BLUE DANUBE

Da – nu – be Ta – Inn – Pit Pit – Sa – Inn Sa – Inn – Bit Sa – Bi – Inn (Pescina = Sabina = Danube)

THAT – OPENING (fount – mouth) –RIVER

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The Danube and the Rheine are navigable.

(Rheu-Inn – flowing river) Da –nu – be Sa –inn –bi With an exchange of consonant B/P Sabina – Danube …..

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The sources of the Danube and the Rheine are relatively near each other. Those men discovered, near the fountainhead (Pitu opening in the rock) of the Danube, the pitu (opening in the rock) of the Rheine which they followed on until the Northern Sea.

As we shall see the sources of the Sangro and the Giovenco rivers are near each other also.

Note: The Rivers of the Seine and the Rhodane in have the same Acadian etymology. S(a)e-inn = ‘that river’ and R(he)o-(d)ta-inn = flows (runs) that-river

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Along the course of the Rheine River the German Marsi encamped. In the year 9 after Christ, they, with the Cheruscan Leader Armenio commanding, annihilated the Roman Legions under Varo, in the forest of Teutoburg .

In (in Italy) there is the town of Colle Armele, which once was called Armenio.

From Armenio, a hero who died fighting the Roman tyranny, the name of the Germanic nation is born, = Herman = German

In the Rhenania (the Rhenish Republic) there are cities with the names of Marsberg, Obermasberg and in there is a Volkmarsen

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Those migrating men went up the sea towards the ‘arktos’, (the North) and going along the coasts (“land and sea”), they discovered the Pitu (the openings) of the Inn (the rivers).

The Ofanto (river), which means:

Ofis = serpent Inn = river To = that That – serpent - river

The Trigno(river):

To = that Reo = flows Inn = river That – flows - river

The Sangro(river):

Sa = that Ange = narrow/strait Reo = flows That – strait - flows

The Pescara(river):

Pit = opening,mouth Sa = that Rheu = flows Opening-that-flows

The Rheine(river):

Reo = flows Inn = river Flow(ing) – river

All that region was called TYRRHENIUM = the land of rivers Ta – Rheu – Inn That flowing river

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THE OFANTO

Ofis = serpent Inn = river To = that

This is the river that is born on the Tyrrhenian side of the Apennines and flows out into the Adriatic.

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THE SANNIO

Sa = that Inn = river

(Sagne – Bisegne - Agnone ?!) In Abruzzese dialect the vowels in front of the consonant ‘N’ is sometimes pronounced /ng/, the same pronunciation as for the Italian spelling ‘ GN ’.

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THE TRIGNO

To = that Reo = flows Inn = river

This river is born out of Mount Capraro in the Molise Region and flows out into the Adriatic Sea near San Salvo.

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When they went upstream along the Sangro River, which means

Sa = that Ange = narrow/strait Reo = flows

up until its source, those men could see from up above the large extension of water (Lake Fucino).

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They went upstream along the course of the Pescara river, Pescara means

Pit = opening (mouth) Sa = that Ra = flows

until they reached Konkulion, in the Sagittarius River (‘that strait that flows’) up to

‘L’ Aquila’ = (over the water) El = high (up) Aighu = water

Note: Aielli, also, in the Marsica area, means, like l’Aquila, “ Acqua Alto”, Water High = Aighu-El

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The source ( Pitu ) of the Pescara River at .

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The Italic populace, those from the land of calves who had come from the East (Mesopotamia), following the same path of the Inn s (serpentine rivers) that permeate (‘spermeate’), irrigate, water, fertilize the lands so as to liven them, used the Accad tongue (the first language, written in clay) to name these territories along the routes of those rivers.

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The source of the Sangro River emerges from Mount Turchio, near Devil’s Pass (“ il Passo del Diavolo” ) (in Acadian dia-vel = separation of heights/high places).

Before the last rise along the road that comes from , there is the great valley of “Terre Egna” ( Ta – Reo – Inn = that flowing river), now dry. Going up towards Bisegna ( Pit –Sa – Inn = opening that river), we can find the source of the Giovenco River, which was once called the Pitone ( Pit = opening in the rock and One = lord, man).

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The Egna Valley joins the valley of the Sangro River.

The Terre Egne (like Trigno, Tyrrhenium, etc.) maybe was a branch of the fountainhead of the Sangro River which today goes on the other side of the mountain, through Carsican orifices in the Great Mountain 1, out of which stream the waters of the Sagittarius River, which flows in the area of , town of the snake-men 2.

1 Montagna Grande

2 ‘serpari’ in the local tongue ______

COCULLO

Konkulion – Seashell

The town of the snake-men; the first Thursday of the month of May they repeat the propitiatory ritual against fear, the unknown, ignorance. The serpents return from the dark (the underground) in May, coming out of their hibernation, when the snows and the ice of winter melt. The serpent returns – river, water, the beginning of life.

(The Earth, without water, would be a desert - the planet of Mars has no water. Mankind can’t exist without water)

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Cocullo and Saint Domenico with the snakes. The natural and the divine. (Nature and Divinity)

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Going downstream along the bed of the Sangro River from its source, we come upon Pescasseroli, which means

Pit = opening in the rocks Sa = that Reo = flows El = high, up Pit.sa.sa.reo.el = opening in the rocks - that – that – flows - high.

Like the name of the plane of Pezarelle just before Bisegna ( pit-sa-re-El)

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Along the course of the Sangro River there is , which means:

Aufi-Ofis = serpent Da(Ta) = that Inn = river

(as in Ofanto…)

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Beyond the source of the Sangro River after the pass of the Passo del Diavolo (Dia-vel = separation of heights), we come upon Gioia (Vecchio – antique). Gioia 1, in Acadian YOJA (the Sumeric language), means Light, day. From up there the men who had come from the Orient had seen Lake Fucino for the first time.

Further on after the source of “that which flows narrow strait” (the Sangro River) and from behind them they noticed that the Sun rose to shine and illuminate, after the darkness of the night, with its light, on the lands laying below, called Lycia (Lecce) and the Valley farther down, the valley of Lucia (today’s Saint Lucia Valley, between Gioia and Ortucchio.)

1 = “ Joy” - n. of transl. ______

In their descent towards the extension of water in the Lake, they stopped at SPERONE, which means:

Sper = Esperion = evening

One = man, lord

Lord of the Evening

At night, above its sky seen from below, where Lake Fucino once was, you could see and still can see the planet of Venus, confused for centuries as a star, the star of Venus, the goddess of love and of beauty, born out of the foam of the sea and, here, from the waves of the Lake, just farther on after Ortygia (Ortucchio) and venerated at Venere di Pescina 1, where she had a temple built and dedicated to her cult, today the sanctuary of the Madonna of Good Counsel.

1 ‘Venere’ = Venus the goddess, ‘Venere di Pescina’ is a suburb of the town of Pescina. ______

LECCE VECCHIO

This town was illuminated (Light) by the sun that rose behind Yoia (Gioia Vecchia), when in the morning Venus left the illumination (luci-fero) to the Sun God Apollo, and illuminated the Valley of Lucia, too, between Gioia and Ortucchio. The Sun came to be identified with the divinity A-Pollo (without ‘pool’ – not Created, not born)

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Lake Fucino, which could be seen from the heights of Gioia Vecchia, from Sperone, from Lecce, with the single and perennial tributary, the Pitone-Giovenco River that formed it. Not having emissaries, it overflowed into the Palentine Planes and its waters reached, crossing the Sa-bi-na (that opening, river), and flowed into, the Aniene ( ain-inn) River, onward to the mouth of the Tiber.

After thousands of years of “drop-by-drop rock carving,” going through (‘that strait’) at the Petogne (the Pitone at the Petogne 1) it ended up under the mountain and surged up again at Pit-na Ferona (opening in the rock – river – river-bringer), today’s , then to flow into the River and flow out into the Tyrrhenian Sea.

1 The author points out the similarity between the names of the river and the place of its outlet. ______

THE ISLE OF ORTUCCHIO ON LAKE FUCINO

Arktos ( arctic, North, straight up) Aigu = water (straight) over the waters

This is no longer an island after the draining of Lake Fucino.

The myth had it that on there was born the most beautiful god, the free-est, the one perfect in music, in poetry because he was straight above the water (sea cliff – high) and mobile, like liberty, like the light of the sun that makes truth visible.

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In the Louvre Museum in Paris a Greek plate is preserved from the 6th century b.C. that depicts Apollo while he is killing the Python snake on the isle of Delos, in order to obtain the gift of prophecy from it.

The god of the sun, Apollo, who is born on the Island of Ortygia (Delo – Pitu = opening in the rock) in Greece and Ortygia and also the island of Ortucchio, kills the serpent-river … Pit-one near Angizia (“that narrow strait”) – , where effectively the river Pitone-Giovenco, after having become Lake Fucino, poured out its waters (died).

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After 1600 before Christ and after the destruction of the city of Troy (Schliemann), a few who had escaped with the head of Ænea came upon the open fields (in Latium) in the land of the rivers and began to sack and raid, thieving from the indigenous inhabitants, in order to survive.

The Etruscan poet in the Æneid describes the killing of the enchanter of snakes Umbrone (man of the lake and of shade/soul), who was called on to aid Turno against the intruding aggressors.

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Going back up from the road crossing that comes from Pescasseroli, one encounters (and they came onto) the Egna Valley, the Egna lands, the terregna (a word like Trigno), which means

Ta = that Reo = flows Inn = river

Today there is no such river. The Valley continues on with the Pezarelle ( pit-sa-reo-el) plains

Pit = opening Sa = that Reo = flows El = high (Eli, eli…high, god)

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Only a short way after its source coming out of the mountain Pietra Gentile, the Pit-one (Vuteije-Giovenco) flows along the valley under Bisegna until it flows out at Pit-sa-inn (Pescina), in a zig-zag like a snake…

Bisegna like orifice (mouth, fount) and Pescina like orifice, (mouth) of Pit = opening in the rock are the same word ( Pit-sa-inn ).

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The Giovenco River

The Pitone River has become vuteije (calf, young cow) son of the vitulia (cow, the name for Italy) Here is the land of calves, the land of the Giovenchi (young cows): along these waters should have been born the real Italy, as Quintus Pompaedius Silo (Silone) had wished, he who was the Marsi general between the years 91 – 88 before Christ, years of war by the Italic League against .

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The Pit-one (python) snake

Pit = opening in the rock One = lord, man

On the isle of Ortygia (Delos) in Greece, there was, in the temple where the Pythoness (the Pythe) read the prophecies of the Oracle, a cleft in the rock out of which came a gas that stunned her, (like the orifice, the mouth of the snake). The python has its den under the ground, it is the animal that slithers, formed by sludge after the biblical flood and, like the river Pitone-Giovenco, was born and died in the openings of the earth at Bisegna and Petogne, going through Pescina ( Pit-sa-inn ).

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At Rivoli – Collecavalli of Carrito of , there are these megalithic (big stone) walls of Milonia, last bulwark and defense of the Marsians against the oppression of Rome, human settlement from around two thousand years before Jesus Christ, not an oppidum.

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At Carrito of Ortona dei Marsi you can find ammonites (seashells from 100 milion years ago) and stone axes, walled into the flute of a chimney.

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Going back up the winding road along the Pitone-Giovenco River you come around to to the plains of Saint Nicola of Aschi Alto.

Aschi, a name that in Acadian Austhucli means fountain (water) – Aigu-Hegu’ (water), as in Ascoli Satriano and Ascoli Piceno. You come upon trench and containing walls of a Sumeric settlement.

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On the plains of Saint Nicola of Aschi Alto you can find lead shots from slings. They were used, 10 – 12 at a time, in the slings during the Marsi War (Social-Italic) during the years from 91 – 88 before Christ, against the Roman Legions.

The Marsians ( Maru , in Acadian ’youth, son, man’) were a people of herdsmen, of farmers (calf – giovenco and vitulia – Italy cow).

They were forced to become warriors and were called thus by the Romans, who wanted to occupy their Sumeric-Greek territories. Ares-Mars was the god of war.

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The Giovenco River as it flows out of its source (Pitu – opening in the rock) in the gorge-strait of Pescina.

The Pitone (python) at Pit-sa-inn. The lord of the opening in the rock in that which is the opening part of the river….

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MARSIAN WARRIOR

Marsians, men of rivers and of the lake. The Marsians in Germany, like the Marsians in the valley of the python-calf ( pitone-giovenco ), with their leader Armenio (Herman) and with Q. Pompaedius Silo (Silone), in order to defend their territory from Rome, founded by descendants of the routing of Troy, fought their battle unto death. The Marsians of Italy were conquered twice: with the Julian Law never having been accepted and during the years after the draining of their lake (1861).

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SAMNITE WARRIOR

Sa = that Inn = river

The Samnites made a blood tryst with the Marsians of Pompaedius Silo(-ne), at Corfinius, the capital of that Italy of the calf people, where they coined money with the name of Italy.

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At Le Rosce of Ortona dei Marsi this funeral monument was found along the shores of the Giovenco River.

“Herein are safeguarded the bones of Poppaedius Seconda and of her daughter.” They were the wife and daughter of Quinto Pompaedius Silo(-ne).

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On Mount Parasano, behind the pine grove after the ruins of the castle at Pescina, there are some megaliths (big stones). The antique Plestinia up until now of uncertain etymology is nothing else if not Pit-sa-inn =opening in the rock – that – river (Palestine?!).

Mount Parnassus (Parnassus in Hittite means “the house of the sun god”), looms over the island of Delos with the oracle of Delphi, in Greek Ortygia, (Ortucchio) where the god of the sun was born.

The sun is born at Orient and the Light comes from the East, from the Beginning. The Occident is the occurrence, the descent of the sun, darkness, death (Apollo kills the Python and makes it go back to the dark underground).

(the Sun dries up the Water)

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From Mount Parasano (Parnassus) behind Pescina, Apollo the sun god (the sun rises from there, if it is observed from Luco dei Marsi, from the side opposite Pescina) illuminates the valley of Light, thus is named the high plain where there is a field for pull-shooting, further on after the sanctuary of the Madonna of Carmine.

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ÆNEA AND DIDO

Publius Virgilio Marone in the fourth song of his Poem The Æneide writes about their love affair. After the destruction of Troy, Ænea encounters the Queen of Carthage Dido. The two fall in love. Ænea abandons the Queen of the Phoenecians a people who migrated from Mesopotamia. Dido suicides out of desperation after being abandoned, with the sword that Ænea had left forgotten at Carthage. She swears that in her line of descendants there will come forth a “praised-approved by God” who will have revenge for her (Hanni-Baal).

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Carthage was the most important Phoenician port-city of the Mediterranean.

At Tunis, built up near the ruins of Carthage, there is a suburb called Marsa.

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On the hills that crown the bed of Fucino we find Colle Armele. Even today it is still called Colle Armenio. In “Campo Reale” (in Marsian dialect ‘n’ghambriane ) near the Marsian Road 83, along the shores of Fucino Lake Hannibal set up camp after the victorious battle at Lake Trasimeno (216 B.C.), passing through Forca Caruso (Caruso Pass). He asked his Marsian cousins for assistance and reinforcements to destroy Rome.

Armenio (Arminio), the Cheruscan commander who was head of the German League against Rome along the Rheine River in 2 a.C., had the same name as the Colle 1, erected along the antique roadway that leads to the pass of Forca Ferrato.

1 Colle = Hill, mount ______

In Tunisia, there is the region of Tataoiuine, which in Berber means “that source river”

Ta = that Taou = mouth (source) Ine = river

The name is the same as Pit-sa-in (Bisegna-Pescina)

In the year 2011 an intact skeleton of a dinosaur was found in a basin of the desert terrain similar to a previous lake bed.

Tataouine has become famous throughout the world through the film ‘Star Wars’ by G. Lucas.

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These are some fossil remains from Tataouine:

1. Fossil wood (Jurassic) 2. Fragments of spinosaur tooth found at Jebel Meteur, in the governorship of Tataouine, from the end of the Jurassic Era (around 150 million years ago) by Aldo Bacchetta, researcher from the University of Bologna, year 2011. 3. Dinosaur bone (Jurassic Era) 4. Ammonite (sea shell) (Jurassic)

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Year 2011

The researcher Aldo Bacchetta is next to a vertebra of dinosaur from the Jurassic Era (150 million years ago), at Tataouine (that mouth river), like Pit-sa-in.

PART TWO

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SPERONE

Some time ago a Project for agricultural tourism was presented By I. Mottironi and R. Ducato: “Sperone, la Gioia che ritorna 1”

“…the houses higher up host rooms and shops, the unconsecrated church has the function of a multifunctional Hall, the four small houses become apartments for guests. From the fountain spring some small cascades that arrive …”

1 “Sperone, Gioia/the Joy that comes back” ______

Lecce nei Marsi

Andrea de Litio, the fourteenth century painter born in Lecce nei Marsi, in the Dome of Atri, painted the Marsian sky which reflected in the Great Blu Lake (Lake Fucino) with the sky-blue colored background of his paintings (like Piero della Francesca), . His paintings can be found at L’Aquila, Chieti, . The Madonna of Cese is found at , the Madonna of Ransom at Norcia in Umbria. In Florence there is a Madonna with children and Saints. His paintings are at , in the Metropolitan Museum and in the School Island of Providence.

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Ortucchio

These artifacts of about 12,000 years ago found at Ortucchio are instruments from the upper paleolthic era:

• Scraper • Scraper with deer-bone handle • Awl of bone • Mini-axe of green stone from the Neolithic era (around 4,000 years ago)

These and many other artifacts are jealously safeguarded, they should be preserved and exposed in the Museum ….

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… that could be set up in the Castle of Ortucchio.

(Museum of Prehistory of the Island of Ortygia – “the sea cliff straight up over the Lake”)

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ORTUCCHIO

Church of Saint Orante in Ortucchio

… the (Calabrian) Francescan friar died frozen to death outside of its closed door. A vine trellis could ornate its façade, in memory of the miracle that took place there 1…

1 Orante, a minor friar, didn’t have the key to the doors of the church to be able to get back in late at night, after going around asking for alms. In the depth of a cold winter, he was found the morning after, dead from the cold, on his knees with his hands joined in prayer, on top of a bunch of vine-branches which had been dried, but out of which grew a vine with grapes on it. ______

SAN BENEDETTO DEI MARSI Marruvium – the Morroni

The American translator of my book Marsi has singled out in these two monuments called Morroni, as well as in two others poorly preserved that are found a few kilometres away along the same line, still in the vicinity of the shore of Lake Fucino, the representation of the fangs of the snake-river Pitone-Giovenco just before it pours waters into the Lake.

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SAN BENEDETTO DEI MARSI

Basilica of Saint Sabina before the earthquake of January 1915.

The relics of the martyr Sabina had been safeguarded in here (she had been beheaded in 122 after Christ for having abjured Jupiter and converting to the new Christian Religion) and therein had been preserved the mortal remains of Saint Berardo of the Counts of the Berardi of Celano from the year of his death, 1130, until the year 1361, when (the town of) San Benedetto was submerged by the waters of Lake Fucino.

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SAN BENEDETTO DEI MARSI

Portal of the Basilica of Saint Sabina. This is what remains of the antique Cathedral of the Marsi.

In its entrance hall many important services could be officiated: On April 30, Saint Sabina’s festival day, the re-evocation by all the Diocese of the Marsi of the translation the mortal remains of the Patron Saint Berardo Berardi to the Castle of Pescina. On November 3, a solemn mass with all the confraternities in commemoration of the death of Saint Berardo was held on this day and inside this Cathedral in the year 1130.

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SAN BENEDETTO DEI MARSI Marruvium

The Roman amphitheater of Caput Marsorum 1 should be brought back to light, we ought to uncover the great stairs to be able to put on theater shows, concerts of classic and rock music …..

1 = Head of the Marsi area/people ______

San Benedetto dei Marsi (Valeria )

This is the bust of Pope Saint Boniface IV situated in the Church plaza.

This Pope was born right here and it is his merit that the name of the city changed from Valeria to that of San Benedetto, in memory of the founder of the Occidental Monk Orders (Saint Benedetto from Norcia), which had their foundations in the motto “ Ora et Labora ” (pray and work), which he had spread throughout all of Europe during his times, in the 7th century after Christ. Saint Boniface IV himself was a Benedictine.

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Rome

The Pantheon of Rome

This held the statues of all the pagan divinities (Pan = all - Theon = god). The Pope of Valeria (San Benedetto dei _Marsi) Boniface IV translated into that temple the mortal remains and relics of many martyrs who had been found in the Roman Catacombs and instituted for them the festival of All Martyrs, which later became All Saint’s Day.

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San Benedetto dei Marsi

The founder of the Lega del Filo d’oro 1 Sabina Santilli, with Pope John Paul II. An Institute for the deaf and blind should be built at Saint Benedetto dei Marsi also, (rehabilitation – logopedia, etc.), equal to those which have been built in many places in Italy, since the founder, Sabina, is native to this town.

1 “League of the Golden Thread” ______

“Sleeping Beauty”

From the big plaza between Venere and Pescina (“Piazzale Belvedere”), the ‘Sleeping Beauty 1'.’ You can distinguish the profile of a woman laying down which is outlined against the sky, when you followwith your gaze the mountain of Celano (the head-the nose-the mouth) and Mount Sirente, (the slightly obese abdomen).

A road sign indicating a stopping place beneficial to the sights and panorama would rest the mind for a moment, too.

1 La Bella addormentata ______

The splendid Valley of Giovenco-Pitone

It is necessary that we recuperate the waters of its river (the Pitone requests them as it can no longer deluge the basin of Fucino) which for over fifty years have been unexplainably deviated towards L’Aquila. Along its route of over thirty kilometers reservoirs and dikes could be built …

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… holding dikes on the Giovenco river, designed for hydroelectric power stations, intended for the reserve of water for the irrigation of the Fucino plain, aimed at tourism in the area of the National Park, for a favorable micro-climate, for the name of the same river, from which the antique Marsi’s came down into the valley (and not vice-versa).

The river fed the Lake and the waters flowed out into Angit(z)ia ending up underground, to then be reborn at Pit-nia Fer-ona (Civitella Roveto).

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Milonia

We need a motorway exit for Milonia, at Rivoli-Collecavalli for the Valley of the Giovenco, for Pescasseroli and the National Park of Abruzzo, Latium and Molise.

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Monument and commemorative stone for Quinto Pompaedius Silo ( Silone )

….. IN MEMORY OF QUINTO POMPAEDIUS SILONE

KILLED IN THE YEAR 88 B.C.

FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ……

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The Valley of the Pitone-Giovenco

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Ortona dei Marsi

It is our duty to historic memory to leave for posterity a commemorative stone or a monument dedicated to Quintus Pompaedius Silo ( Silone ).

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Valley of the Giovenco (Pitone) River

The cultivation of apples and pears, an ancient tradition. The cultivation of several qualities of apples and pears in the Valley of the Giovenco River, with the co-operatives of youths and also private farmers, throughout the entire cycle, from production to use and transformation ought to be incremented. With this fruit, the first fruit in the history of Mankind (we sinned by this), cider, ale, beauty creams…can all be produced.

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Valley of the Giovenco (Pitone) River

It would be possible to augment the beekeeping to the level of an industry with co-operatives of youths, ranging from the production of honey, propolis,…on to beauty creams.

“when the bees shall diminish there shall only be three years left to the Earth” (A. Einstein)

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Rome – Church of Saint Angelo in Pescheria.

In this church Cardinal Berardo of Marsi, just after having received his nomination by Pope Pascal II, began his apostolate in the year 1109 – 1110.

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Rome – Church of Saint Chrisogono

In those same years 1109 – 1110 Berardo from the Family of the Berardi was named Cardinal, also in this Roman church, by Pope Pascal II, as acknowledgement and thanks for having put an end to the harassment of the oppressive when he had been Deacon of Canonry at Palestrina.

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Rome

Pope Sisto V, Felice Peretti form the Marche, the N’Sisto 1 Pope. He was Bartolomeo Peretti’s uncle, Bishop in the Cathedral Saint Mary of the Graces in Pescina from the year 1596 to the year 1682 and brother of the Duchess Camilla Peretti from Celano.

He instituted the Academy of Painters and Sculptors (1588) in the Church of the Saints Luca and Martina.

1 “insisto” = I insist! ______

Rome – Church of Saint Luke and Saint Martina

Bartolomeo Peretti wanted Giovanni Canale Artusi (the Piscina 1) present, bronze foundry-man, sculptor, architect … born at Carrito of Ortona dei Marsi, other than for his participation in the works on the colonnade of Saint Peter’s, in the fusions of the Bronzes in St. Peter’s Cathedral, to pass through fusion the magnificent altar in golden bronze in the sacellum of the Church of Saint Martina.

1 A nickname meaning ‘from Pescina’ ______

Palestrina – Dome of Saint Agapito, Apsidal

On the left are painted, among the others, Saint Rosalia “over the head” of Saint Berardo from Marsi who can be found next to Saint Benedict from Norcia who is holding up the Church with a hand, on the other side of the cupola are painted Pope Pascal II, Cardinal Berardo of Marsi, Bishop Maifredo of Tivoli, Bishop Peter of Anagni and Peter Colonna who had beaten to blood Cardinal Berardo and had closed him up for two months in an empty cistern in Castle San Pietro Romano.

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Saint Justino from Città di Castello Castle of the Bufalini family

A Bufalini who moved to Rome (Romano), became Abbot of the orphanage of Saint Nicola Ferrato (Forca Caruso) at Pescina. His sister Ortensia (Hortense) would become the wife of Pietro Antonio Mazzarino de Guasto (Guasto is a suburb of Caltanissetta). These are Giulio Raimondo’s parents (he being the future Cardinal of France) in Pescina.

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Pescina – Rome

Maria Mancini

Maria Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazzarino, daughter of Geronima who is the daughter of Pietro Mazzarino and Ortensia Bufalini. She had been the deepest love of the(French) Sun King Louis XIV and was the liveliest of the Mazzarini girls.

From the register of the Baptized in the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Graces in Pescina, it turns out that she was born, along with her twin Olympia, on the 9 th of January 1630 right at Pescina. She abandoned her husband, Constable Lorenzo Colonna, she, a woman …

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Modena – London

Maria Beatrice D’Este, who would become the Catholic Queen of England because she went on to marry the Stuart, King James II (Mary from Modena), is the descendant of Pietro Mazzarino from Palermo and Ortensia Bufalini from Città di Castello.

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Modena

In the city of Estense there is interest in, and they are working on proclaiming Saint, the Catholic Queen of England Maria Beatrice d’Este, descendant of the Mazzarini’s and the Bufalini’s at Pescina.

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- Pietro Antonio Mazzarini and Ortensia Bufalini become parents of Giulio Raimondo, Alessandro and Geronima in Pescina.

- Maria and Olimpia are born in Pescina, as can be seen in the Register of the Baptized in Cathedral Saint Mary of the Graces.

- Eugenio of Savoia is Emanuele Filippo Amedeo’s brother and would inherit, along with Carlo Alberto, the Savoian throne in the year 1831.

The family tree starting with Pietro Antonio Mazzarino and Ortensia Bufalini branches out into several important personalities on the historic scene of Europe from the 17 th century on.

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Assisi

Saint Francis together with Blessed Thomas from Celano (author of Dies Irae and of the life of the Saint) lived for four months between San Benedetto Dei Marsi where he slept in the Poor People’s Place and Pescina where he was present during the construction of the convent and the church that later was called with his name (the Convent and the Church of Saint Francis at Pescina)

The first female Franciscan saint, Saint Filippa Mareri, is a relative of Saint Rosalia great-niece of Saint Berardo of Marsi.

The Patron Saint of Assisi is Saint Rufino who was Bishop of San Benedetto dei Marsi in the year 237 a.C.

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Naples – Museum De Sangro Sansevero

Prince Raimondo De Sangro descendant of the Counts Berardi who descended from , in this marvelous masterpiece wanted, besides the statue in transparent marble of the“Veiled Christ,” that there be painted on the vault known as La Gloria del Paradiso ,1 the faces of Cardinal-Bishop of the Marsi Berardo, of Saint Rosalia from Palermo and of Saint Filippa Mareri forom Petrella Salto, his famous forebears.

1 “The Glory of Paradise” ______

Rocca Sinibalda,

This fortress was built by Sinibaldo Sinibaldi of the Counts Berardi of the Marsi County. When he moved to Palermo following Ruggero II, his daughter Rosalia was born, and she refuses to marry a noble of Palermo and seeks refuge on Mount Pellegrino.

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Petrella Salto – Rieti

Another female figure linked to Rocca Sinibalda and the County of the Berardi as well refused riches and sumptuous marriage and found refuge in Petrella Salto.

She was to become the first Clarisse saint, Saint Filippa Mareri. Her brother Tommaso, who wanted to kill her 1 , gave her his permission to construct the monastery (1228) in Petrella Salto. He was to be the founder of L’Aquila.

1 for her refusal ______

L’Aquila – Basilica of Collemaggio

The mortal remains of Pope Saint Celestine V are preserved here, he who “out of cowardice did a great renunciation,” as Dante Alighieri wrote.

The Christian writer Ignazio Silone from Pescina in his book “The adventure of a poor Christian,” 1 puts him at the center of a conflicting relationship that the Church of Rome has had with the Evangels (Euangelion ) over two thousand years of history . .

1 In Italian, the locution for a ‘poor soul’ is specific to the Christian religion. ______

Pescina

From Mount Parasano (house of the Sun) behind the ruins of the Castle, the Acadian Pit-sa-in ath the mouth of the river Pit-one – Giovenco looks toward Fucino in the distance, with nostalgic regret.

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Pescina

This is the inside of the ruins of the Church of Saint Berardo where the mortal remains of the Patron Saint of Marsica and his Evangelical idea of reform were secured and protected from 1362 to 1956.

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Pescina

The Sanctuary of Saint Berardo of Marsi should be activated by means of a project prepared by Architect V. Di Cerchio, a reconstruction over the ruins and on the same site as his church.

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Pescina – Cathedral of Santa Maria delle Grazie (Saint Mary of the Graces)

This should become the Basilica of the Saint of Marsica. Seat of the Diocesan Museum. We should valorize the area of the crypts: there are eight Bishops entombed under its pavement.

It was the Bishop Seat of Marsi from the years 1580 until the year 1925.

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Pescina

Internal view of the Church of Saint Antonio from Padova. Once this was called Saint Francis’s. A beautiful example of baroque as evidence by the presence of architectures desired by “the Piscina”, the famous Giovanni Canale Artusi, G.L. Bernini’s first and primary collaborator in Rome.

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Pescina – Tomb of Ignazio Silone

The world-famous writer, in all of his pages, described the search for The Absolute, beyond every ideology.

He could become a symbol of the universal encounter between that Cross under which he decided to be put to rest for eternity and the Sanctuary on the other side of that bell tower, so as to awaken our conscience ( cum scienza = with knowledge of truth) via that saint who protected the poor with his powers against the powers-that-be, but was abandoned by those same powers less than a century ago.

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Pescina Ignazio Silone Center for Studies

The personal study of the author is just like he left it after his death. Secondino Tranquilli chose the name Ignazio, like Saint Ignazio from Loyola, and Silone like the Marsian general Quintus Pompaedius, who gave his own life for a free Italy (land of calves and rivers).

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Pescina – Mazzarino House Museum

From these original lodgings of the 17 th century the Mazzarini-Bufalini family would look out: Pietro-Antonio, Ortensia, Giulio Raimondo, Geronima, Alessandro and maybe the nieces Maria and Olympia…

Important documents are preserved in the museum that regard the politics which formed the grandeur of France but were loathed by the Colonna-Torlonia (Tourlonias) family, from Dumas, after his death and even beyond.

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Cherasco

In the Piemontese town where the successor of Richelieu had stipulated the peace treaty, there is the the ‘Locanda of the Cardinal’ (Mazzarino).

We could have one in his birth-town, also. There we could be able to enjoy foods typical of The Valley of Giovenco and … the sweets.

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‘Mazzarino’ and ‘Mazzarinetta,’ pastries of varying size and flavor. Small to accompany a coffee or a light drink, middle sized for breakfast and/or a snack and cake-sized for more important occasions.

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The bell of Saint Berardo

This was kept on the bedside table and was rung in occasion of natural calamities (hail, snowstorms, floods, earthquakes, fires …) and when a loved one departed forever.

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Pescina Serafino Rinaldi Hospital

This was donated by its founder, a doctor (celibate) for the poor people of Oriental Marsica region, as a pious donation, and under the control of the Bishop Curia. With changing times and conditions, this could become a specialized private clinic…

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Pescina

In the periphery, near the road crossing that leads to San Benedetto dei Marsi and to Venere (di Pescina), there is Mancini’s “straw barn” which, taking a good look at its sixteenth century portals, seems to be a house of nobles and not a barn. Maybe this could be the house where, in 1630, Maria and Olympia Ricci-Mancini were born, and their obstetrician was Liberatoria Mancini.

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Hannibal

From the Sumeric Hanni (praised, approved) and Baal (God, highness, divinity), therefore this means well looked on by the God. The Carthaginian general had sworn at the age of twelve, washing his hands in blood, that he would have had revenge for his forebear Dido Queen of Carthage, abandoned by the Trojan Ænea. He encamped with his army in the year 216 along the shores of Lake Fucino, near Colle Armenio. He was hoping that his Marsian cousins would help him, but in those years they were allies of Rome, which for one hundred more years deceived them, not conceding them equal dignity, until the (Italic) Social War of 91-88 b.C.

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With solar panels sprouting up like mushrooms and wind turbines becoming numerous throughout the territory, the electric energy produced by these could be used (to power, illuminate, and whatever else) for a motorcar circuit, a Formula Three automobile circuit to be constructed at Campo Reale, Hannibal’s Motorcar circuit .

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Celano Berardi-Piccolomini Castle

The County of the Berardi, descendants of Charlemagne the Emperor, has rendered, among others, its most important progeny with Saint Berardo, Saint Rosalia and Saint Filippa Mareri. The first, with the power given unto him by the Pope, came back like “the groom to his bride” to die at San Benedetto dei Marsi where, in the year 46 a.C., the Good News of the Christ had begun to be heard, He having died only a few years before. The other two young women rejected the power and authority offered them and they both retired to a hermitage.

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The family tree of the Berardi

From Charlemagne, Christian Emperor, on down to Berardo the Frenchman where it divides and the County of Celano begins and the branch that leads to San Berardo of Teramo, while the direct bloodline goes straight to Saint Berardo of Marsi (who is born at Colli di Monte Bove since, because of the intruder anti-Bishop Sigenulfo named by the anti-Pope, there had been a division in the diocese between San Benedetto and ) and to Santa Rosalia of Palermo and to Santa Filippa Mareri of Petrella Salto.

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Celano Church of Saint John (San Giovanni)

In August of the year 1130 the Cardinal-Bishop Berardo had come back to his Family and held office in this church, to celebrate the finding of the urns that held the mortal remains of the Martyr Saints Simplicio, Vittoriano and Costanzo. He began to feel violent abdominal pains. He didn’t want to stay at Celano and menacing to ex-communicate the Provost Stefano he went back to San Benedetto dei Marsi (in the Basilica of Saint Sabina), because it had been there that our religion in Christ had begun and there he died on November 3 of the year 1130.

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Sulmona Church of the Saintly Annunziation (Santissima Annunziata)

Herein there is a statue of Saint Filippa Mareri preserved (the first Franciscan female saint) who is the co-patron saint of the Pelignan city, along with Saint Panfilo.

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Cerchio

In the splendid Convent of the Shoeless Agostinians, there is the Museum of the agricultural civilization, a place for remembering the farmers who had tilled the fertile hills around Fucino Lake, heirs of that proud Marsi populace, whose finest produce were taken by the oppressive Counts-Barons and by the Bishop Curia.

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Mazzarino (Caltanissetta)

The castle of the Mazzarini family (from the Phoenicin Maksar , which means grain, we get the term massaro 1), from which the relatives of the future powerful Cardinal headed out, first to move to Palermo and then from here, with Pietrantonio, to Pescina of Marsi.

1 In Italian, ‘head of the household’ ______

Palermo – Sanctuary of Saint Rosalia on Mount Pellegrino

From an inscription on the flint-stone floor of the grotto the very same Rosalia tells us that she is of Sinibaldo (Sinibaldi). The author of this book has rediscovered the bloodline relationship of the patron saint of Palermo and of the whole of with the Counts Berardi, and thus with Saint Berardo Cardinal Bishop of Marsi in San Benedetto, of whom she is the great grand-niece and with Saint Filippa Mareri of Petrella Salto in the Rieti area, of whom she is an aunt.

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Along the shores of the ex-Lake Fucino, with the wind turbines and the solar energy panels that produce electricity, a train track along the surface could be built, the ‘Circonfucense’ with stations at – Luco dei Marsi – – Ortucchio – Lecce nei Marsi. – Pescina - San Benedetto (MARSIA) – Cerchio – – Celano – Aielli – Paterno. There would be less air pollution, fewer traffic accidents, an economic savings …

Map Of Events And Main Characters

From the Accademia Culturale Fides et Ratio “S. Berardo” – Pescina Conceived by Doctor Franco Zazzara Graphics Ottaviano Ranalli

______The Future Of The Marsi Region Is . . .

The Sangro River that brought them up to Yoia, to Sperone, to Lycia, to Archippe- Ort-ygia, and Ant-ino and Angizia and the Pit-one- Giovenco River, that made them come down from Bisegna until Milonia, until Pescina, to (Colle) Armenio, to Cerchio, to Aielli, from the far away mother Mesopotamia (in the middle of rivers).

Sangro = Sa-ange-rheu = that narrow/strait flows

Yoia = light, day

Sper-one = lord of the evening

Lycia = illuminated

Ortygia = Arkt-aighu = over the water(s)

Ant-Ino = high river

Pit-one = opening in the rock – lord Vuteije –iuvenculus – giovenco –Vitulia – Italia/Italy - Bisegna – Pit-sa-in = opening in the rock (source-that river) - Pescina-Pit-sa-in(n) = opening in the rock – mouth – river Aielli – aighu-el = water-high (up) Ange – Ta = Angi-tia = strait/narrow-that.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY - First Part G.Semerano- Le origini della cultura europea.

G.Pettinato –Ebla ,nuovi orizzonti della storia.

Goody Mithen Harmann –Origini della scrittura –Mondadori 2002

S.M.N.-Kramer - I Sumeri

Omero – Iliade .Libro III .vv.187…

Tacito - Annali .Par.II

Wikipedia

N. Mastronardi –Viteliu’. Edizioni Itaca 2012

N.Chiocco—I serpari di Cocullo .III edizione . Pro loco Cocullo .2000

National Geographic.-Storica. Giugno 2011

F.Di Nisio -Ove Italia Nacque . 2010

Virgilio - Eneide- Libro VII vv 750-756

F.F.Zazzara –E.Cerasani –Marsi-Albatros il Filo 2013

R.Mastrostefano – San Biagio – Il Cositore .ICl

P.Serafini –Degli abruzzesi primitivi-A.Polla Editore .1985

Photos by Pietro Guida on pages 100 and 114

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Second Part Mottironi - Ducato – Sperone..la Gioia che ritorna.

Mastrostefano R. –Andrea De Litio -

E. Cerasani - Marruvium e Santa Sabina – Grafica Italia . 1986

P.Trinchini - Bonifacio IV

S. De Carli – Le mie dita ti hanno detto - Sabina Santilli e la lega del Filo d’oro.Ed.Vita

V. Amendola –San Berardo

Il Papa Sisto V –Atti del Convegno 2010.2011.2012. S.Agata dei Goti .Ed.Il Chiostro

L.Colantoni – Giovanni Canale Artusi- Rivista Abruzzese .1918

F.F.Zazzara-G.Di Salvatore -San Berardo dei Marsi e Santa Rosalia di Palermo-Albatrosil Filo .2012

F.F.Zazzara - Maria Mancini –Il Grande amore del re Sole .Za-Fra. 2012

V.Amendola –Mazzarino- Ed.Dell’Urbe.1983

M.Ciaccia –Abruzzo dentro –Si Celano Radici – Verdone edit. 2010

E.Piedimonte _ Raimondo De Sangro principe di Sansevero – Libr.Neapolis-intramoenia .2010

Celestino V ,papa santo –Enciclopedia Treccani

I.Silone – L’avventura di un povero cristiano

Fontamara

L.Mercuri - Memoriale dal carcere svizzero (di I.Silone)- Lerici 1978

G. Ferreri – Il mistero Mazzarino- Ed. Nova Graf.2008

C.Nepote - Hannibal

F.F.Zazzara – La parentela fra Santa Rosalia ,San Berardo dei Marsi e Santa Filippa Mareri di Petrella Salto

Za-Fra .2013

P.Coscetta .E.Grassi – Il paese della memoria – I quaderni del Giovenco.1992

Tommaso da Celano ,biografo di San Francesco –Convegno di studi.Novembre 1981

M.Febonio –Historia Marsorum libri tres-Napoli 1678

Tito Livio –Ab Urbe condita..

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“.… The fact that an opinion has been widely held is no evidence whatever that it is not utterly absurd; …….”

(Bertrand Russell)

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Thanks to Christian Emanuele

Thanks to Roberto Giovannangeli