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Absence of Jews – Absenceofantisemitism? Antisemitism in the North Religious Minorities in the North: History, Politics, and Culture Edited by Jonathan Adams Cordelia Heß Christhard Hoffmann Volume 1 Antisemitism in the North History and State of Research Edited by Jonathan Adams and Cordelia Heß The publication of this book has been generously supported by Vetenskapsrådet – The Swedish Research Council and the University of Greifswald ISBN 978-3-11-063193-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063482-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063228-6 ISSN 2627-440X This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019948511 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2020 Jonathan Adams, Cordelia Heß, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston This book is published in open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Abraham Tokazier wearing the jersey of Jewish sports club Makkabi wins but is ranked fourth. Photo by Finnish photographer Akseli Neittamo of the 100-metre sprint at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 21 June 1938. The photo appeared in Helsin- gin Sanomat on 22 June 1938. Public domain. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements This volume of articles started life as athree-day workshop on the theme “The StudyofAntisemitisminScandinavia – WhereAre We Heading?” held on 5–7February 2018 at theUniversity of Greifswald.The editors would like to thank all those whoparticipated in the meetingaswell as those who assisted in its organization. Aspecial thanks goes to DavidFeldman whogave apubliclecture at theAlfried Krupp-KollegGreifswaldinconnec- tion with the workshop. Both the meetinginGreifswald and the publication of this book were generouslyfinancedbythe Swedish ResearchCouncil (Ve- tenskapsrådet)aspart of theproject “The Archives of Antisemitism,” located at the UniversityofGothenburg,and by theUniversity of Greifswald. We would also like to thankthose whodid notparticipateinthe meeting,but whowerewillingtocontribute to this publicationand makeitmorecomplete and coherent. Since this is thefirst volume of ournew series,wewould also like to direct a special thanks to ourco-series editorChristhardHoffmann (Bergen),who took over theresponsibilities of finding anonymous peer-reviewersfor thevolume, whose work hasimprovedthe book considerably. In preparingthisvolume for publication, we wouldparticularlyliketoex- press ourheartfelt gratitude to Maria Zucker, LauraBurlon, and Stefan Diez- mann (DeGruyter), DinahHamm(Greifswald), andKarlLevesque (Montréal). TableofContents Illustrations IX Contributors XI Introduction Cordelia Heß 1Nordic Otherness Research on Antisemitisminthe Nordic Countries in an International Context 3 Antisemitism without Jews Jonathan Adams 2 “Untilled Field” or “Barren Terrain”? Researching the Portrayal of Jews in Medieval Denmark and Sweden 21 RichardCole 3William of Norwich in Iceland Antisemitism Studies between Middle English andOld Norse 41 Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson 4Iceland AStudy of Antisemitism in aCountry without Jews 69 Clemens Räthel 5Beyond Shylock Depictions of Jews in Scandinavian Theatre and Literature 107 VIII TableofContents The StateofResearch on Antisemitism Sofie LeneBak 6ChroniclesofaHistoryForetold The Historiography of Danish Antisemitism 127 PaavoAhonen, Simo Muir,and Oula Silvennoinen 7The Study of Antisemitism in Finland Past, Present, and Future 139 ChristhardHoffmann 8AMarginal Phenomenon? HistoricalResearch on Antisemitism in Norway, 1814–1945 155 Kjetil Braut Simonsen 9NorwegianAntisemitism after 1945 Current Knowledge 173 KarinKvist Geverts 10 Antisemitism in Sweden ANeglected Field of Research? 191 Perceptions, Encounters, and the PresenceofAntisemitism Firouz Gaini 11 Jerusalem in the North Atlantic The Land and StateofIsrael from aFaroese Perspective 207 Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson 12 Jews in Greenland 223 Lars Dencik 13 Antisemitisms in the Twenty-First Century Sweden and Denmark as Forerunners? 233 Bibliography 269 Index 297 Illustrations . AJew scourges Jesus. Over Dråby Church, Roskilde, Denmark. –.Photocourtesy of www.kalkmalerier.dk. 33 . The dwarves collect Kvasir’sblood to make mead. No medieval images of the myth survive. From Franz Stassen’sillustrations to Die Edda: Germanische Götter-und Heldensagen by Hans vonWolzogen(). The resemblancebetween the dark-haired dwarf and classic antisemitic imagerymay not be accidental. Stassen waslater a member of the NSDAP and favoured by Adolf Hitler.Thisimagealso bearsastriking resemblance to the depiction of Jews collecting William of Norwich’sblood, found on the roodscreen at Loddon Church. Public domain. 61 . Icelandic author GunnarGunnarsson leaving the Reichskanzlei together with Hinrich Lohse following ameeting withAdolf Hitler, March .PhotobyHeinrich Hoffmann. Fotoarchiv Hoffmann O.,Bayerische Staatsbibliothek/Bildarchiv.With permission. 97 . Stillfromthe music video “Hatikvah” by Icelandic artist Snorri Ásmundsson, published on youtube.comin: ‹ https://www.youtube.com/user/snorriasmunds ›.Public domain. 99 . During the Germanoccupation of Denmark –,Danish policeprotect ayoung man who is harassed by National Socialists (The MuseumofDanish Resistance). Public domain. 134 . Santeri Jacobsson, acivil rights activistand awriter of the book Taistelu ihmisoikeuksista,the first publication to describe the antisemitic ideaspresent in Finland. FinnishJewishArchives/National Archives of Finland. Public domain. 140 . Old imageryinmodern times: Sionismia vastaan – AgainstZionism. This poster appeared on alitter bin in the city of Kajaani in early February .PhotobyHelena Ahonen. Withpermission. 152 . Edward Fuglø, APromised Land (). Withpermission. 212 . Hebron is asmall Plymouth Brethren congregation in Argir,just outside the capital Tórshavn, which started its activities in the s. The “new” Hebron (depicted above) opened its doorsin.Photobyauthor. 213 . RitaScheftelowitz at adanceparty(dansemik). Here she is dancing withGolo, her Greenlandic interpreter.Photo: Rita Felbert’sprivate collection. With permission. 226 . The Passover Seder in Thule in .Maurice Burk from New Orleans reads aloud from the Haggadah. Photo: Maurice Burk’sprivate collection. With permission. 229 . The Inglehart-WelzelCulturalMap of the World ( Version). Wikipedia Commons (public domain). 267 OpenAccess. ©2020Jonathan Adams&Cordelia Heß, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the CreativeCommons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110634822-001 Contributors JonathanAdams is aresearcherinthe Department of Historical StudiesatGothenburgUniversity, holdsthe titleofdocentfromUppsala University,and is also associated with DiplomatariumDan- icum,Copenhagen. He has been aresearchfellowatthe AustralianNationalUniversity(Canberra), theUniversityofWestern Australia(Perth), andthe ArnamagnæanCollection (Copenhagen).Inre- cent years,his research hasfocused on theportrayal anduse of Muslims andJewsinmedieval Danish andSwedish literature.Hehas published severalbooks andarticlesonthe subject, most recently, LessonsinContempt (2013), Fear andLoathinginthe North (co-editor,2015), Revealing theSecrets of theJews (co-editor,2017),and TheMedievalRoots of Antisemitism (co-editor,2018). E-mail:[email protected] Paavo Ahonen is achurchhistorian and postdoctoralresearcher.His doctoralthesisonantisem- itism in the Church of Finlandfrom1917 – 33 was accepted at theUniversity of Helsinkiin2017. Currently,heisconducting research fundedbythe Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundationoneccle- siasticalantisemitism duringthe timeofthe GrandDuchy of Finland(1809–1917). Dr Ahonenis affiliated with the University of Helsinki (FacultyofTheology/ChurchHistory). E-mail:[email protected] Sofie Lene Bak is AssociateProfessor in Modern History at the SaxoInstitute, UniversityofCo- penhagen. She is the author of several booksand articles on antisemitism, DanishJewish his- tory,and the Holocaust, among them Dansk Antisemitisme 1930‒1945 (2004), Ikke noget at tale om. Danskejøders krigsoplevelser 1943‒1945 (2011, in English as Nothing to Speak of.Wartime Experiences of the Danish Jews 1943–45 [2013]), and most recently on the repatriation and res- titution of Danish Jews after the Holocaust, Da krigen var forbi (2012). E-mail:[email protected] Richard Cole is Assistant Professor of Medieval EuropeanHistoryatAarhus University. He has interests in bureaucracy,interfaith relations, Old Norse philology,and race and ethnicity stud- ies. Before coming to Aarhus he held positions at Harvard, the University of Notre Dame, and UniversityCollege London. E-mail:[email protected] LarsDencik is SeniorProfessor of Social PsychologyatRoskilde University.His present research focusisonthe relationship between societal modernization andJewishlife. He is partofthe in- ternational research team investigating experiencesand perceptionsofantisemitism among Jews in thirteen differentEuropean states.Some of hisrecentpublications are: “The Dialectics of Diaspora: On the Artofbeing Jewishinthe Swedish Modernity,” in ARoadtoNowhere? ed. J. H. Schoepsand O. Glöckner (2011); “The DialecticsofDiasporainContemporaryModernity,” in ReconsideringIsrael–Diaspora Relations,ed. E. Ben-Rafaeland others(2014); DifferentAntisem- itisms,together
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