DOCSLIB.ORG

Enikő Bollobás

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enikő Bollobás ENIkő BOLLOBÁS S Á B This collection brings together critical studies framed by several theo- retical perspectives, including performative, intersubjective, postmod- ern, feminist, tropological, and rhetorical. The prose texts have been READING selected in such a way that they are best interpreted through these the- oretical approaches. Specifically, they turn on processes whereby the (gendered) subjects are performatively constructed, while characters, THROUGH often informed by rhetorical processes and structures, are formed via NIKő BOLLO their interactions with others. The poetic texts are interpreted within E the frames of poetological paradigms that problematize referentiality, THEORY self-expressivity, and performativity. The approach of “reading through theory” might be called ekphrastic, STUDIES IN THEORY-frAMED INTERPRETATION where theory acts as a filter through which we read literature. Theory OF THE LITERARY TEXT is put in the service of interpretation, while its use or usefulness is also tested in the process of critical reading. In other words, not only does the text demand the theory, but also the theory demands the text. Enikő Bollobás is professor of literature at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, and corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This is her tenth book. BTK ISBN 978-963-489-297-7 READING THROUGH THEORY bollobas_borito.indd 1 2021.04.28. 10:04:53 Enikő Bollobás READING THROUGH THEORY Enikő Bollobás READING THROUGH THEORY Studies in Theory-framed Interpretation of the Literary Text Budapest, 2021 The publication of this book was made possible by the National Research, Develop- ment, and Innovation Office, Budapest, in support of the Thematic Excellence Pro- gram Community Building: Family and Nation, Tradition and Innovation, Eötvös Loránd University, 2020/21. ISBN 978-963-489-297-7 ISBN 978-963-489-298-4 (pdf) © Enikő Bollobás, 2021 www.eotvoskiado.hu Executive Publisher: the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities Eötvös Loránd University Project manager: László Urbán Layout: János Csánki Cover: Ildikó Csele Kmotrik Print: Multiszolg Ltd TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . 7 From Logocentric to Discursive: On the Paradigms of Performativity ..... 15 Behavioral Paradigms in the Short Fiction of Henry James: An Intersubjective Approach . 27 The Marking and the Telling: Versions of the Stigma Narrative as Given by Anne Hutchinson, Emily Dickinson, and Philip Roth ..... 39 Tropes of Intersubjectivity: Metalepsis and Rhizome in the Novels of H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) ......................................... 53 The Fantastic as Performative: Mark Twain and Ambrose Bierce Performing the Unreal . 67 Making the Subject: Performative Genders in Carson McCullers’ The Ballad of the Sad Caféand David Hwang’s M. Butterfly . 79 Troping the Unthought: Catachresis in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry ......... 99 Plots of Domination, Plots of Relationality: On the Triangular Positioning of Characters in American and European Literature ...... 129 Versions of Triangular Desire in Hungarian Literature: Reading Sándor Márai and Péter Nádas . 147 TheDouble Entendre of Sex: Pornographies of Body and Society in Péter Esterházy’s Fiction ..................................... 159 In Imploded Sentences: On Charles Bernstein’s Poetic Attentions . 175 Writing on the Margins of Sound and Sight: Augusto de Campos and Transnational Poetic Traditions . 199 Historical Reconstruction, Rough Book Poetry, and the Withdrawal of the Self: Susan Howe and the Olsonian Tradition . 215 Works Cited . 245 Acknowledgements . 267 Index .......................................................... 269 5 PREFACE This collection brings together critical studies framed by several theoretical per- spectives, including performative, intersubjective, postmodern, feminist, tropolog- ical, and rhetorical. In some essays I discuss the theoretical frameworks themselves, delineating the various paradigms and giving historical overviews of how these paradigms evolved, while also demonstrating how they can be applied in literary interpretation. In other studies, I put the literary text into the center, and perform readings informed by particular theories. The prose texts have been selected in such a way that they are best interpreted through these theoretical approaches; specifi- cally, they turn on processes whereby the (gendered) subjects are performatively constructed, while characters, often informed by rhetorical processes and structures, are formed via their interactions with others. That is, performative and rhetorical constructions of the subject and interactions of characters are foregrounded in these narratives; they “stick out” to such an extent that they call for specific theoretical readings. The poetic texts are interpreted within the frames of poetological para- digms that problematize referentiality, self-expressivity, and performativity; among these paradigms, tropization, language-centered approaches, and anti-lyric models are foregrounded in the essays. This approach of “reading through theory” might be called ekphrastic, with the collection bringing together specimens of “critical ekphrasis,” where theory acts as a filter through which we read literature. Theory is put in the service of interpreta- tion, while its use or usefulness is also tested in the process of critical reading. Therefore, we might say that the process is reciprocal, for not only is the text read through theory, but theory is equally read through what is often referred to as the “primary” text. In other words, not only does the text demand the theory, but also the theory demands the text. The collection starts with the essay “From Logocentric to Discursive: On the Paradigms of Performativity,” in which I trace the history of the concept of per- formativity from its inception in linguistics to its vigorously adopted poststructur- alist reconceptualizations. I show that while the Austinian primary paradigm, informed by the modern episteme, exhibits traits of logocentric thinking, the new paradigm, informed by the postmodern episteme, bears the marks of the poststruc- turalist plea. Moreover, while the performative in the Austinian paradigm con- formed to a transitive process with its direct object outside the speech situation, 7 in the poststructuralist understanding the performative follows a reflexive process, having the subject of the sentence as its direct object. While the Austinian logo- centric concept, informed by transitivity, insists on object performativity, the poststructuralist reconceptualization, having replaced transitivity by reflexivity, insists on subject performativity. Finally, while the original concept was a product of linguistics and the philosophy of language, the adoptions reached well beyond the original disciplinary lines. Among the adoptions of the discursive-reflexive paradigm, I focus on subject performativity primarily. In the next study, entitled “Behavioral Paradigms in the Short Fiction of Henry James: An Intersubjective Approach,” I move to the short fiction of Henry James, an ideal ground for character studies, in particular, the investigation of interactional paradigms, from an intersubjective perspective. After providing an overview of the relevant claims of intersubjective theory that I apply in my interpretation, I discuss how some of James’ characters interact with the others in modes described by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. These characters are defined in terms of how they perceive themselves and the others; they recognize (or do not recognize) other perspectives than their own; they open onto Others, or are touched by Others (or not). Other characters bear gendered marks of language behavior, normative or transgressive styles of speaking. “The Marking and the Telling—Versions of the Stigma Narrative as Given by Anne Hutchinson, Emily Dickinson, and Philip Roth” is devoted to ways the subject is performed in the text. I first explore how power constructs the female intellect through the body. In the case of Anne Hutchinson, it is two men, John Winthrop and John Cotton, who make discursive gestures that turn a most private female or feminine situation (childbirth) into a public exhibit. Moving on to the example of Emily Dickinson, I examine the foregrounding of the female body in her poetry as well as the contemporary critical response to her poems. In the correspondence between Dickinson and T. W. Higginson, the critic expresses his curiosity for the female poet’s age and looks before giving his expert opinion. I read some of Hig- ginson’s letters as cases of stigmatization, discursive acts foregrounding the body so as to be able to disregard the mind. Discussing racial stigma, I first examine the 2000 New York exhibit of lynching photographs chronicling the events of physical torture. Here physical stigma is reinforced by social stigma, burned upon the body by the narrative gaze of the prejudiced witnesses. Finally, I show how in Philip Roth’s The Human Stain, the protagonist passes over from black to Jewish, which can be understood as the ethnically marked version of white. Having, as a man of 8 READING THROUGH THEORY colored ancestry, performed Jewishness, he simply replaces one stigma for another, allowing the novel to turn on the performative topos of interlocking stigma and narration. In “Troping the Unthought: Catachresis in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry” I treat catachresis as the trope of performativity in Emily Dickinson’s poetry. As one of the poetic devices used by this poet in favor of polytropy, it stands out as the trope
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hungary: the Assault on the Historical Memory of The
    HUNGARY: THE ASSAULT ON THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE HOLOCAUST Randolph L. Braham Memoria est thesaurus omnium rerum et custos (Memory is the treasury and guardian of all things) Cicero THE LAUNCHING OF THE CAMPAIGN The Communist Era As in many other countries in Nazi-dominated Europe, in Hungary, the assault on the historical integrity of the Holocaust began before the war had come to an end. While many thousands of Hungarian Jews still were lingering in concentration camps, those Jews liberated by the Red Army, including those of Budapest, soon were warned not to seek any advantages as a consequence of their suffering. This time the campaign was launched from the left. The Communists and their allies, who also had been persecuted by the Nazis, were engaged in a political struggle for the acquisition of state power. To acquire the support of those Christian masses who remained intoxicated with anti-Semitism, and with many of those in possession of stolen and/or “legally” allocated Jewish-owned property, leftist leaders were among the first to 1 use the method of “generalization” in their attack on the facticity and specificity of the Holocaust. Claiming that the events that had befallen the Jews were part and parcel of the catastrophe that had engulfed most Europeans during the Second World War, they called upon the survivors to give up any particularist claims and participate instead in the building of a new “egalitarian” society. As early as late March 1945, József Darvas, the noted populist writer and leader of the National Peasant
    [Show full text]
  • Croatian Latin Writers - an International Nationalist Phenomenon in a Socialist Republic Neven Jovanović
    Croatian Latin Writers - an International Nationalist Phenomenon in a Socialist Republic Neven Jovanović This is a sketch of the history of reception of Croatian Neo-Latin literature in Croatia (and Yugoslavia) from the end of the World War Two until the late 70's. The Neo-Latin literature – literary use of Latin language from the times of Petrarch up to the present day – is in itself already a kind of reception; during the Early Modern period, Neo-Latin authors refashioned ancient themes, forms, and literary devices to express their own thoughts or achieve their own purposes. For a number of political and cultural reasons, Croatia – similarly to other countries of East Central Europe, such as Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland – has produced a rich corpus of writings in Latin. The corpus extends diachronically from the 10th until the 20th century. Quantitatively, until the middle of the 18th century Croatian authors have published in print twice as many texts in Latin than in Croatian (the ratio is roughly 6000:3000).1 Such extent and continuity make the Neo-Latin corpus a notable research theme in Croatian literary history.2 The corpus was, indeed, granted a certain restricted place already from the beginnings of modern literary scholarship in the 1870s and 1880s until the Second World War. The influential older histories of Croatian literature devoted dutiful paragraphs, or entire chapters, to Neo-Latin authors and works.3 These authors and works were, however, treated with an apparent reserve. They lacked an essential building block of romantically perceived national identity – the national language.
    [Show full text]
  • Astrology at the Court of Matthias Corvinus*
    TERMINUS t. 17 (2015), z. 1 (34), s. 113–146 doi: 10.4467/20843844TE.15.005.4531 www.ejournals.eu/Terminus Áron Orbán [email protected] Astrology at the Court of Matthias Corvinus* Abstract Th ough astrology played an essential role at the court of Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary (1458–1490), it has been a largely neglected fi eld of scholarship. Th is article provides a general overwiew of the issue, investigates the relations between astronomers /astrologers or humanists, the related primary sources and branches of astrology pursued at the court, and analyses some exemplary horoscopes. Th e investigation is based on a great variety of sources (including literary and visual artworks): poems for the king, chronicles, various horoscopes and iudicia. Th e most popular branches of astrology seem to be natal and catarchic astrology. Astrology was applied for various purposes: to forecast one’s fortune in general, to forecast political and military events, to support institute foundations. Royal patronage and political propaganda played a great role in the importance of this discipline. Even taking into account the popularity of astrology in Europe, the king’s personal predi- lection for the stars seems to have been remarkably strong. Key words: Matthias Corvinus, János Vitéz, Regiomontanus, Marcin Bylica, history of astrology and astronomy, horoscope, iudicium, humanist literature * Th is study is the revised English version of my article Judiciális asztrológia Mátyás király udvarában [Judicial Astrology at the Court of Matthias Corvinus], [in:] Mikro&Makro – Fiatal kutatók konferenciája 4 [Micro&Macro – Conference of Young Scholars 4], ed. I. Horváth et al., Budapest 2013, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary Between the Wars: a Photographic Portrait
    Hungary Between the Wars: A Photographic Portrait P é t e r B a k i The Thomas Walther Collection at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, contains thirty-two photographs by eight Hungarian or Hungarian-born photographers: George Kepes (György Kepes), István Kerny, André Kertész (Andor Kertész), Imre Kinszki, László Moholy-Nagy, Martin Munkácsi (Márton Munkácsi), Gyula Pap, and József Pécsi. All of these photographers were important artists in the interwar period, both in Hungary and internationally. Several monographs have already been published in English on the better-known photographers, and a large part of their work is to be found outside Hungary (particularly the oeuvres of Kepes, Kertész, Moholy-Nagy, and Munkácsi). Therefore, it is often easier to research these photogra- phers in the major museums of Western Europe and North America. This essay focuses on the period prior to emigra- tion, investigating the artistic and social milieus of the photographers while they were still working in Hungary. It also seeks to clarify some of the data pertaining to the photo- graphs in the Walther Collection and to offer insights, based on primary sources, of the photos’ origins. In the early years of the twentieth century, Budapest was the venue for several photography exhibitions that greatly influenced public taste and drew people’s attention to the medium. The international photography exhibition that opened in 1910 at the Műcsarnok (Art hall) in Budapest exemplifies the manner in which Hungarian photographers sought to shape public taste. This exhibition demonstrated for the first time in Hungary that photography could achieve broad artistic recognition and that art critics were prepared to accept it as an artistic medium.1 The new century saw the establishment of Hungary’s first amateur photography clubs, which in many cases supported artistic progress in opposition to the conservatism of professional photog- raphers and studio owners.
    [Show full text]
  • HAHN, JACOB ANDREW, D.M.A. Zoltán Kodály's Op. 9, Öt Dal: A
    HAHN, JACOB ANDREW, D.M.A. Zoltán Kodály’s Op. 9, Öt dal: A Historical, Textual, and Musical Analysis with Translations and IPA. (2020) Directed by Dr. James Douglass. 72 pp. Zoltán Kodály is primarily known outside of Hungary for his pedagogical work. However, his compositions should also be recognized for their excellence. His art songs for voice and piano, though mostly composed earlier in his career, represent an important contribution to the art song genre. Kodály was able to synthesize elements of foreign art song composers and his own folk culture to create an effective and important contribution to art song. He, along with Bartók, was one of the first and most significant Hungarian contributors to this genre. These works are rarely performed outside of Hungary due to language issues and availability. Through historical, textual, musical analysis, translations, and IPA, this dissertation will provide a performers’ guide for Kodály’s Op. 9 Öt dal. In addition, reasons for choosing Op. 9 include texts written by the contemporary poets Endre Ady and Béla Balázs, a lack of current scholarship, no complete English translations, and more compositional maturity while using Hungarian elements. This dissertation will allow more non-Hungarian musicians to teach and perform Kodály’s art songs. ZOLTÁN KODÁLY’S OP. 9, ÖT DAL: A HISTORICAL, TEXTUAL, AND MUSICAL ANALYSIS WITH TRANSLATIONS AND IPA by Jacob Andrew Hahn A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts Greensboro 2020 Approved by Committee Chair APPROVAL PAGE This dissertation, written by Jacob Andrew Hahn, has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
    [Show full text]
  • HUNGARIAN STUDIES 3. Nemzetközi Magyar Filológiai Társaság
    CHRONICLE HUNGARIAN STUDIES IN POLAND Research into the connections between the histories of Polish and Hungarian literature only began in earnest after World War II. Papers concerning this subject were also written earlier (1,2)*, but these were few in number, and of a popular or critical character. Very often those engaged in translating Hungarian literature, such as B. Jaroszewska, or S. Duchinka-Pruszakowa, wrote sketches popularizing the works of the most appreciated Hungarian authors. It was about Petőfi that the Poles wrote most often. The book entitled "The Lute and Sword" (1893) written by Albert Zipper(3) was of some literary value, even though he had only become acquainted with Hungarian literature through German. After World War II the character and scope of Hungarian studies in Poland altered fundamentally. The main reason for this was the creation of a Hungarian Department at Warsaw University. The Hungarian Institute of Culture in Warsaw also played, and continues to play, a very stimulating role. The main figures of Hungarian studies in Poland were, from the outset Professors István Csapláros and Jan Reychman. The first has contributed to the development of Hungarian studies in Poland in two different ways: both as a scholar and as a teacher of many generations of students at the Hungarian Department in Warsaw, producing some talented literary historians. Because they have been able to continue their work on Hungarian language and literature the possibility exists of planned and systematic research aimed at creating an integrated approach to Hungarian studies as a whole. This very ambitious aim seems somewhat difficult to realize at the moment - in spite of the great number of studies published over the last decades on Polish—Hungarian comparative literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Pannonius the Hungarian PEN Club Launches a Major Poetry Prize
    Janus PannoniuS The Hungarian PEN Club launches a major poetry prize (Information for the 78th PEN International Géza Szőcs Congress held in South Korea, 10-15 Sep. 2012.) President Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Hungarian PEN Club Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize JanusLYR PannoniusA Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry he Hungarian PEN Club is creating a major international prize, The Prize Janus PannoniusThe Lyra Poetryconstellation Prize will Janus surely embracePannonius them Poetryall, from Prizethe great Janus epic poets Pannonius to those Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Grand Prize for Poetry. We do this to counter the Janus Pannoniusawarded Poetry the Prize Janus JanusPannonius Pannonius Poetry Prize. Poetry They Prizeare the JanusAmbassadors Pannonius of Wholeness, Poetry Prize Janus noticeable decline in the appreciation of poetry worldwide, a hugely Tdangerous trend. If poetic works are pushed to the periphery, then no matter how creating, up there and down here, yesterday and tomorrow, eternally, that is, and Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius technically perfect our civilization is, it will also become a soulless structure for us all. Poetry Prize Janus Pannoniusprobably Poetry even Prize beyond, Janus the ImmortalPannonius Poets’ Poetry Society. Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Given the numerous conflicts of inter- Our prize seeks to honour and re- Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize JanusGéza Pannonius Szőcs Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize est between the countries on the planet, ward those poets who can be consid- Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus dialogue among its inhabitants becomes ered heirs to human spirituality and Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius Poetry Prize Janus Pannonius much more valuable.
    [Show full text]
  • King Bela Before the Mongol Invasion (1214-1241)
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1991 King Bela before the Mongol Invasion (1214-1241) Pongracz Sennyey Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Sennyey, Pongracz, "King Bela before the Mongol Invasion (1214-1241)" (1991). Master's Theses. 1017. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1017 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KING BELA BEFORE THE MONGOL INVASION (1214-1241) by Pongrfcz Sennyey A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The Medieval Institute Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1991 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. KING BELA BEFORE THE MONGOL INVASION (1214-1241) Pongrfcz Sennyey, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1991 This is a study of the political history of Hungary in the first part of the thirteenth century. Special attention is given to the political role played by King Bela from 1214 until the Mongol invasion of 1241. The focus of the first part of the study is the relationship between King Bela and his father King Andrew II. In the second half of the study, the focus shifts to the policies pursued by King Bela once he became the sole ruler of the kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Text of Janus Pannonius' Epigrams
    NOTES ON THE TEXT OF JANUS PANNONIUS' EPIGRAMS A.A. Barrett Janus Pannonius was an individual of enormous talent, who played a highly significant role in the literary and political life of fifteenth-century Hungary. Born in Slavonia in 1434, he was, at the age of thirteen, sent by his uncle, Joannes Vitez, Bishop of Varad, to study under the great teacher Guarino Veronese in Ferrara. From Guarino Janus received a vigorous training in Latin grammar and literature; he also learned Greek, which, to judge from a comment made by Guarino's son, Guarino Battista, he absorbed in a single year. Janus never forgot his debt to his mentor whom he saw as occupying the central role in a world finally seeking enlightenment. He described him as a modern Camillus, who rescued Rome's language just as the general saved the Roman state: quantum Roma suo debet reparata Camillo / tantum Guarino lingua latina suo (Epig. 56). As a student under Guarino Janus began his career as a poet. He also began to show an interest in politics, which proved useful after his return to Hungary in 1458. He was soon appointed Bishop of Pecs, but devoted most of his time and energy to work in the chancery of the brilliant young king of Hungary, Mattias Corvinus. Towards the end of his brief life Janus became disillusioned with Matthias, and was especially offended by his lack of vigour in dealing with the Turkish menace. He became involved, with his uncle, in an ill-conceived plot to replace the king. He was forced to flee Hungary, 228 229 and while trying to reach Venice died of ill-health in Zagreb in 1472.1 It is as a poet, rather than a politician, that Janus' name is now revered in his own country.
    [Show full text]
  • “Janus Pannonius's Vocabularium”
    Antiquitas • Byzantium • Renascentia XIV. “Janus Pannonius’s Vocabularium” Pannonius’s “Janus ANT I U YZ M B R E S N A A T S I C U E N Q I T T I A Zsuzsanna Ötvös N A MMXIII “Janus Pannonius’s Vocabularium” Zsuzsanna Ötvös Ötvös Zsuzsanna Th e Complex Analysis of the Ms. ÖNB Suppl. Gr. 45 ELTE Eötvös József Collegium 2015 “Janus Pannonius’s Vocabularium” The Complex Analysis of the Ms. ÖNB Suppl. Gr. 45 Antiquitas • Byzantium • Renascentia XIV. Edited by Zoltán Farkas László Horváth Tamás Mészáros “Janus Pannonius’s Vocabularium” The Complex Analysis of the Ms. ÖNB Suppl. Gr. 45 Zsuzsanna Ötvös ELTE Eötvös József Collegium Budapest, 2015 This work received support from the Hungarian Scientific Research Found within the research project OTKA NN 104456 All rights reserved ELTE Eötvös József Collegium, Budapest, 2015 Felelős kiadó: Dr. Horváth László, az ELTE Eötvös József Collegium igazgatója Borítóterv: Egedi-Kovács Emese Copyright © Eötvös Collegium 2015 © A szerző Minden jog fenntartva! A nyomdai munkákat a Komáromi Nyomda és Kiadó Kft. végezte 2900 Komárom, Igmándi út 1. Felelős vezető: Kovács János ISSN 2064-2369 ISBN 978-615-5371-41-7 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my thanks to Dr. László Horváth, my su- pervisor, who first suggested this research topic to me and constantly sup- ported me all through the research work by helping with useful comments and insights and also with the organization of projects and scholarships. I am also grateful to Edina Zsupán (Manuscript Collection, Országos Széchenyi Könyvtár, Budapest) for reading the draft versions of some parts of my dis- sertation and for sharing her most valuable ideas and suggestions with me.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungarian Studies Review Vol
    Hungarian Studies Review Vol. XIII, No. l(Spring 1986) Renaissance Contacts Between Dubrovnik (Ragusa) and the Kingdom of Hungary M.D. Birnbaum During the rule of the Angevin dynasty (1308-82) in Hungary, towns and cities increasingly assumed greater political influence. The first treaty between the King of Hungary and Dubrovnik (in those days Ragusa) was signed in 1358, during the reign of Louis (Lajos) the Great. According to its text, Dubrovnik was to pay the king 500 gold ducats and 300 perpers annually, a sum that previously went to Bosnia and Serbia for protection against enemy attacks. Dubrovnik, in addition, promised to honor the king and his heirs in church services three times a year; to fly the king's flag on land and on its vessels; and, in case of a royal visit, to treat the guests to two dinners and two suppers at the city's expense. The king's friends were declared Dubrovnik's friends, and his enemies the adversaries of the city.1 As was the case with most towns in Hungary, in Dubrovnik too the terms defining the city's obligations and privileges were occasinally amended by subsequent Hungarian kings. From 1358 on there is an abundance of documented interchange between Buda and Dubrov- nik in the archives of the latter, and this is a crucial source of information as in Hungary, owing to the numerous wars and foreign occupations, much of the documentary evidence disap- peared or was destroyed. The archival material of Dubrovnik testifies to the fact that the Crown frequently turned to Dubrovnik and asked for information on or for its mediation with Venice, the Turks, or the Bosnians.
    [Show full text]
  • Áron Orbán May 2012 Budapest
    Áron Orbán THE ROLE OF ASTROLOGY IN THE POETRY OF JANUS PANNONIUS MA Thesis in Medieval Studies CEU eTD Collection Central European University Budapest May 2012 THE ROLE OF ASTROLOGY IN THE POETRY OF JANUS PANNONIUS by Áron Orbán (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2012 THE ROLE OF ASTROLOGY IN THE POETRY OF JANUS PANNONIUS by Áron Orbán (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________ External Reader Budapest May 2012 CEU eTD Collection THE ROLE OF ASTROLOGY IN THE POETRY OF JANUS PANNONIUS by Áron Orbán (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ________________________ Supervisor ____________________________________________ External Supervisor CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2012 I, the undersigned, Áron Orbán, candidate for the MA degree in Medieval Studies or MA degree in Comparative History, with the specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography.
    [Show full text]