Statement of recommendation from the Executive Director, Heritage to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Name: Diesel A60 Address: Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, Victoria St, Seymour VIC 3660 Local Government Authority: Mitchell Shire Council Provisional VHR No. PROV VHR H2408

Diesel Locomotive A60 (2010). Source: Railpage, Andy Cole

Executive Director recommendation Under Part 3, Division 3 of the Heritage Act 2017 (‘the Act’) I recommend to the Heritage Council of Victoria that A60, Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, Victoria St, Seymour should be included in the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) in the category of registered object.

STEVEN AVERY Executive Director, Heritage Victoria DATE OF RECOMMENDATION: 11 January 2021 This report may contain images and/or names of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who are now deceased.

OFFICIAL

Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Heritage Council determination

The Executive Director, Heritage Victoria (‘the Executive Director’) recommends that the Heritage Council include Diesel Locomotive A60, Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, Victoria St, Seymour in the VHR in accordance with section 49 of the Act by determining:

• That this object is of State-level cultural heritage significance and should be included in the VHR in the category of registered object in accordance with section 49(1)(a) of the Act.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

The process from here

1. The Heritage Council publishes the Executive Director’s recommendation (section 41). The Heritage Council will publish the Executive Director’s recommendation on its website for a period of 60 days. Submissions must be received by Heritage Council on or before 15 March 2021.

2. Making a submission to the Heritage Council (sections 44 and 45) Within the 60 day publication period, any person or body can make a submission to the Heritage Council. This submission can support the recommendation, or object to the recommendation and a hearing can be requested in relation to the submission. Information about making a submission and submission forms are available on the Heritage Council of Victoria’s website: https://heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/registrations-reviews/executive-director-recommendations/

3. Heritage Council determination (sections 46 and 49) The Heritage Council is an independent statutory body. It is responsible for making the final determination to include or not include the place or object in the VHR, or amend a place or object already in the VHR. If no submissions are received the Heritage Council must make a determination within 40 days of the publication closing date. If submissions are received, the Heritage Council may decide to hold a hearing in relation to the submission. If a hearing does take place, the Heritage Council must make a determination within 90 days after the completion of the hearing.

4. Obligations of owners of places and objects (sections 42 and 43) The owner of a place or object which is the subject of a recommendation to the Heritage Council has certain obligations under the Act. These relate to advising the Executive Director in writing of any works or activities that are being carried out, proposed or planned for the place or object. The owner also has an obligation to provide a copy of this statement of recommendation to any potential purchasers of the place or object before entering into a contract.

5. Further information The relevant sections of the Act are provided at Appendix 1.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Description

The following is a description of Diesel Locomotive A60 at the time of the site inspection by Heritage Victoria in June 2020. Diesel Locomotive A60 is a diesel-electric railway locomotive measuring ca.18.70 metres long and weighing ca. 113.2 tonnes. The locomotive originally entered service in 1952 as B60 but was rebuilt as A60 in 1983-84. It is painted in VLine maroon and blue livery. It has a driver’s cabin at each end with one end labelled ‘A60 1 end’ and the other ‘A60 2 end.’ The cabins each contain a full set of engine controls and two folding seats. The front of each cabin has two high rectangular windows and a large circular centrally located light. The engine, cabins and walkways are fully enclosed to give a smooth streamlined external appearance, but the (undercarriages) and wheels are not covered. There are two Flexicoil bogies underneath the locomotive with the name Bradford Kendall Ltd cast into them. Each has three axles and six wheels. The diesel-electric engine is centrally located behind the cabin with a narrow passage on each side leading from one cabin to the other past the engine. It includes the following major items of equipment: • • Main Alternator • Traction Motor Blowers • Auxiliary Generator • Air Brake Equipment • Air Compressor • Traction Control equipment • Airconditioning • Engine Lubricating system • Engine cooling system with radiators VLine was created from the in 1983 and the re-built A60 did not enter service until 1984. Therefore, the locomotive was painted in VLine liveries - initially orange and grey then maroon and blue from 1993. It was never painted in the Victorian Railways blue and gold livery in its re-built format.

2020, Diesel Locomotive A60 in VLine livery in the shed at Seymour Railway Heritage Centre.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

2020, The front two axles of one of the Flexicoil bogies 2020, Cabin 2 roof

2020, Diesel engine on right and narrow internal walkway with stairs 2020, Interior taken from the No1 cab looking into the into cabin electrical compartment with the engine room beyond

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

History

Background The Victorian Railways (VR) was the state-owned operator of most in Victoria from 1859 to 1983. Throughout its existence the VR sought to increase the efficiency and speed of its as well as to find cheaper sources of power. Initially the VR used coal fired steam locomotives to pull passenger and freight . Following WWII, the rising cost and shortages of coal, the poor condition of many of VR’s steam locomotives and the need for trains to travel long distances, made it imperative that new locomotives be purchased. The VR had planned to buy diesel-electric locomotives in 1937 and 1948 but these purchases did not proceed.

Harold Clapp Harold W. Clapp (1875-1952) was Chairman of Commissioners of the VR from 1920 to 1939 and was an efficient, energetic and visionary administrator who engaged in a wide range of activities aimed at increasing usage of the railways1. Clapp introduced many technical and other reforms including the completion of the electrification of the suburban lines, expansion of the network, track improvements which made trains run more smoothly, redesign of locomotives and upgrading timetables. He also ensured that VR stayed up to date with the latest locomotive technologies being developed overseas by sending VR engineers to the USA and Europe. His successors continued this tradition. Clapp instigated the upgrade of the Limited service into the steam powered, all-steel, all-air- conditioned, non-stop, high-speed express , . Clapp also improved both customer amenities and the welfare of railway workers. Under his tenure VR had its own butchery, bakery, laundry, creche and poultry farm, and ran kiosks selling books and tobacco at city stations. He completely revised railway storekeeping methods and improved dining car facilities. Clapp energetically promoted rail tourism within Victoria with advertising campaigns and special trains going to the zoo, Royal Show, regional towns and to the VR owned Mt Buffalo Chalet. Clapp left the VR in 1939. In 1952, a few months before his death, he rode in the cabin of Diesel Locomotive B60, Victoria’s first diesel-, which was named after him.

Operation Phoenix In 1949 the Victorian Transport Minister, Wilfred Hughes commissioned a report on the condition of the VR. The report commended VR management and staff, but found that the locomotives, rolling stock and track were all in very poor condition due to lack of maintenance and high traffic during World War II. The report predicted a final breakdown of rail transport after ten years. At the same time the VR commissioners had prepared a plan known as Operation Phoenix to revive the railways and purchase new rolling stock, partially in response to public complaints about overcrowding and poor reliability. In 1950 VR ordered twenty-six USA ’ (GM) Electro-Motive Division (EMD) diesel locomotives made under licence by Sydney based manufacturer (CE). The VR designated them as ‘B-class’. In 1953 B-class diesels began hauling the Spirit of Progress ( to ) replacing the 1937 streamlined steam locomotives. Eighteen, more powerful EMD diesel-electric locomotives were purchased between 1957 and 1961. These single cab locomotives were built by CE and known as S-class. These replaced the B-class locomotives on the Spirit of Progress. The B-class continued to cover most other long distance runs in Victoria. CE in NSW made the B-class locomotive underframes and bodies under licence from EMD. CE and Bradford Kendall manufactured the bogies. General maintenance of the locomotives was done by VR staff at its Depot at Dynon Road, North Melbourne.

1 (Adam-Smith, 1981) Diesel Locomotive A60 6 VHR No: PROV VHR H2408 Hermes No: 201914

Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Body design of B-class locomotives The body shape of the A60 locomotive is known as a Streamliner because it has a smooth and aerodynamic shape. Many streamlined vehicles including aircraft, cars, railroad locomotives and ships were created during the emergence of the Streamlined Moderne style in the 1930s. Streamliner locomotives were competing for patronage with planes and motor cars and were designed to give the public the impression that the new trains were modern and fast and would provide a luxurious and glamourous travelling experience. The streamlined effect was created by covering as many of the working parts as possible. The first on Victorian Railways and in Australia were the four steam locomotives modified as directed by Harold Clapp in 1937 for the Spirit of Progress. All these were scrapped by 1954 but are remembered for their distinctive and elegant design. In the USA, General Motors (GM) Electro-Motive Division (EMD) who were to become world leaders in diesel locomotive technology, introduced the streamlined E and F-series of diesel locomotives which proved to be extremely successful2. The E-series were made from 1937 to 1964 and the F-series (‘F’ for ‘Freight’) were made from 1939 to 19603.These locomotives were characterised by a rounded bulldog nose and internal covered walkways. The design used less metal than earlier streamlined trains, making them cheaper to manufacture and ensuring that maintenance such as cleaning windscreens was easier. However, the bulldog nose was still bulky enough to protect drivers in the event of an accident. The view from the front was good but it was difficult for the driver to look back over the . The body of VR’s B-class and later S-class locomotives was based on the EMD F7 version of the F-series locomotive and made in Australia at Clyde Engineering under licence from EMD. In comparison to American locomotives, Australian locomotives had a smaller loading gauge (maximum height and width to allow them to pass through tunnels and under bridges). This meant that the American F7 body had to be stretched and lowered; the radiators were moved from the roof to the side of the loco and all of the ancillary equipment was relocated within the engine room. VR also wanted the locomotive to be double ended (a driver’s cabin at each end) to allow quick turnarounds at destinations. The EMD F7 bulldog nose, covered components and overall design was retained. The B-class and A- class locomotive body is the result of all these modifications.

Mechanical design of B-class diesel-electric locomotives VR engineers Andrew Ahlston and later George Brown as well as CE staff Fred Shea and George Lee (both formerly of VR) worked closely with EMD on the development of the locomotives4. They demanded major changes to EMD’s F7 design to suit Victorian management, climate and track conditions. Unlike American locomotives, Australian locomotives had a smaller axle load (total weight bearing on the track for all the wheels connected to a given axle) because Australian track was lighter than that in the USA. A bogie is the structure underneath the locomotive to which wheel axles are attached. The original EMD locomotives had two axles (four wheels) per bogie which led to axle loads which were too heavy for Victorian track. VR and CE engineers eventually convinced a reluctant EMD to change their bogie design to a three-axle bogie (six wheels) with all axles powered. The extra length of the Victorian body and the use of three-axle bogies instead of two-axle bogies made it possible to lower the axle load to suit Victorian track5. EMD named the new bogie the Flexicoil Bogie and, after realising its advantages, went on to use it for locomotives sold to many other countries as well as in the USA. Flexicoil bogies were later used for VR S-class and X-class locomotives and were retained when B-class locomotives were re-built to A-class. Another requirement of the VR engineers was interchangeability so that faulty components could be quickly exchanged when repairs were needed so that the trains could continue to run. The faulty equipment was repaired and installed in the next train as needed. VR also held spares of all items including body components. The innovative B-class locomotive design revolutionised rail transport in Victoria by creating locomotives that were more reliable, faster, cheaper and more efficient to run than steam locomotives.

2 (Wilson, 2009) 3 (Walters, 2011) 4 (Bermingham, 1982) 5 (Train Hobby Publications Australia, 2001) Diesel Locomotive A60 7 VHR No: PROV VHR H2408 Hermes No: 201914

Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

B60 diesel locomotive A60 Diesel Locomotive was originally a B-class locomotive. It was the first B-class diesel locomotive made and was numbered B60. It was delivered on 14 July 1952 painted in the VR blue and gold livery. When B60 arrived at Spencer Street Station it was greeted by a large crowd eager to see the new engine. On 15 July 1952, B60 was formally dedicated by the Premier of Victoria and Minister of Transport. It was named Harold W. Clapp and was the last locomotive Clapp climbed into before his death two months later. B60 went on public display at Spencer Street Station attracting a crowd of up to 23,000 people. B60 (coupled to B63) was the first diesel locomotive to haul the express (Melbourne to Adelaide) in October 1952. B60 became the flagship of VR and was used to advertise the modernisation of the railway system and to celebrate anniversaries, for example 100 years of the Victorian Railways in 1954 and 10 years of in 1962. In 1954 B60 (coupled to B85), hauled a Royal Tour Train carrying HRH Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh. By 1962 B60 had travelled one and a half million miles. In 1975 B60 was temporarily transferred from Victorian broad-gauge bogies to NSW Standard Gauge bogies so that it could haul the Spirit of Progress from Albury to Melbourne on 7 May to celebrate 100 years since the birth of Harold Clapp. It was then returned to broad gauge.

The for Country Passengers By the late 1970s VR were suffering serious financial losses and there were safety concerns relating to years of poor maintenance. The 1980 Victorian Transport Study also known as the Lonie Report had recommended the abolition of almost all country rail services. This led to public protests. After much debate, the government decided to fund the New Deal for Country Passengers which was intended to fully reconfigure country timetables, services, locomotives and rolling stock. The improvements to locomotives as part of the New Deal included the conversion of the 1950s B-class and T-class locomotives to A-class and P-class respectively and the purchase of new G-class and N-class diesel locomotives. The New Deal cost ca.$100 million and led to an increase in passenger traffic of 20% and a considerable reduction in operating costs.

Conversion of B-class to A-class locomotives The New Deal for Country Passengers included funding to pay CE to substantially upgrade all 26 B-class locomotives because this was thought to be cheaper than buying new locomotives. This work began in 1981. The equipment used to upgrade the locomotives from B-class to A-class was made by EMD in the USA and installed by CE. The A- class conversions proved to be of limited success due to fatigue cracking in the frames and the unanticipated complexity and high cost of the conversions. In addition, there was not enough space in the B-class locomotive body to add an additional diesel generator power plant for air conditioning and lighting in the passenger carriages. Because of all these problems, VR cancelled the contract with CE in 1985 after it had converted 11 of the 26 B-class to A- class; and instead purchased 25 new non-streamlined N-class passenger diesel locomotives from CE. The N-class locomotive were more powerful and included generators to power the air-conditioning and lighting in the carriages. Parts intended for the A-class conversion were used for the N-class locomotives.

A60 diesel locomotive Diesel Locomotive B60 was rebuilt at Clyde Engineering’s Rosewater, South Australia plant from February 1983 to September 1984. By the time of its conversion it had travelled ca. five and a half million km. Most of the rebuilding of B-class locomotives to A-class took ca. 12 months but B60 took longer to be rebuilt than the average because of major structural issues caused by past accidents. A60 re-entered service in 1984 and was renamed Sir Harold Clapp in a ceremony at Spencer St station in May 1985 attended by Harold Clapp Junior. It stayed in service hauling freight and passengers until 2013. During this time, it was owned by VLine then VicTrack and was transferred to the Seymour Railway Heritage Centre in 2020.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

1954, Royal Train pulled by Diesel Locomotive B60. 1955, Model of A60 in Moomba Parade. Source: SLV Source: PROV

Undated, Diesel Locomotive B60 on the Overland Train. 1977, Diesel Locomotive B60 at South Dynon Depot in VR blue and Source: PROV gold livery. Source: flickr, Rodney Gaulke

1952, Operating Manual. Source: Victorian Railways.Net 1995, Diesel Locomotive A60 in V/Line orange and grey livery. Source: Vicsig

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

1985, Diagram of B-class locomotive (listing unconverted B- 1985, Diagram of A-class locomotive (listing converted A-class class locomotives) . Source: Seymour Railway Heritage Centre locomotives). Source: Seymour Railway Heritage Centre

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

[ca. 1937-ca. 1939], Famous Expresses, advertising display [ca. 1937-ca. 1939], Famous Expresses, advertising display board board showing the American Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe showing the 1930s streamlined VR Spirit of Progress steam Railway’s Super Chief EMD E-class, bulldog nose, diesel locomotive. Source: SLV locomotive. Source: SLV

1950, Operation Phoenix logo, Public Relations and Betterment 1952, Sir Harold Clapp at the launch of B60, Source: PROV Board, Victorian Railway Commissioners. (VR publicity brochure). Source: Wikipedia

Undated, B-78 during a major overhaul indicating the extent of regular rebuilding of locomotives. Source: Bermingham

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

1952, Diesel Locomotive B60 on its delivery run from Sydney to 1952, Diesel Locomotive B60 and spectators at Spencer Street Melbourne and streamlined S302 at Seymour Station showing the intense public interest in the new diesel Railway Station showing the different streamlined shapes. locomotive. Source: PROV Source: Victorian Railways.Net

1982, Book Cover illustrating Diesel Locomotive B60. 2011, Railway enthusiast magazine, issue dedicated to EMD diesels in Australia

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Selected bibliography Adam-Smith, P., 1981. Clapp, Sir Harold Winthrop (1875–1952). [Online] Available at: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/clapp-sir-harold-winthrop-5657 [Accessed 8 October 2020].

Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1974. HISTORY OF ROADS IN AUSTRALIA, Year Book of Australia, 1974. [Online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/0/2e904c15091c39a5ca2569de0028b416 [Accessed 6 October 2020].

Bermingham, P. L., 1982. The ML2 Story. The History of the Victorian Railways' famous B Class diesel- electric locomotive. Clayton: Wilke and Company Ltd.

Greenhill, M., n.d. Railpage, Class leader L-1150. [Online] Available at: https://www.railpage.com.au/locos/l-class/l1150 [Accessed 6 October 2020].

Museums Victoria, 2020. Coal Mines. [Online] Available at: https://museumsvictoria.com.au/railways/theme.aspx?lvl=3&IRN=505&gall=692

Puffing Billy Railway, 2004. Heritage Standards Manual. Melbourne: Unpublished.

Puffing Billy Railway, n.d. Locomotive Fleet. [Online] Available at: https://puffingbilly.com.au/ABOUT/ROLLING-STOCK/LOCOMOTIVE-FLEET/ [Accessed 6 October 2020].

Train Hobby Publications Australia, 2001. Review of Commonwealth Railways GM Class Clyde EMD Diesel Electric Locomotive by Sargent, John; Pantlin, Graeme , Melbourne: Train Hobby Publications.

Walters, C., 2011. 60 years of EMD in Australia. Australian Railway History. Bulletin of the Australian Railway Historical Society, September, 62(887), pp. 3-10.

Wilson, J., 2009. The Model Railroader's Guide to Diesel Locomotives. [Online] Available at: https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Gt8OtslzijYC&lpg=PA44&ots=Q6ZFUzLV1c&dq=emd%20f7%20 streamline%20body&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q=emd%20f7%20streamline%20body&f=false [Accessed 6 October 2020].

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Further information

Relevant Authority Mitchell Shire Council

Heritage Overlay Not applicable.

Other Overlays Not applicable.

Other Listings None

Other Names Sir Harold Clapp Harold W. Clapp B60 B-class Diesel Locomotive no. 60

Date of construction/creation 1950-52

Architect/Builder/Maker Designed by General Motors’ Electro-Motive Division and Victorian Railways’ Engineers Made and modified by Clyde Engineering under licence

Architectural style N/A

Traditional Owner Information Diesel Locomotive A60 is currently located on the traditional land of the Taungurung People. The Registered Aboriginal Party for this land is the Taungurung Land and Waters Council Aboriginal Corporation.

Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register Diesel Locomotive A60 is not included in the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register.

Integrity The integrity of the object is good. The cultural heritage values of the object can be easily read in the extant fabric. Rebuilds and modifications of VR locomotives were common. Rail historians consider that the history associated with a rebuilt item of historic rolling stock remains with it; despite it carrying a different class or road number. The locomotive still has its Streamliner body shape, is still associated with its B60 history, demonstrates many of the technological improvements made over time and is still a diesel-electric locomotive, although no longer an early type. (June 2020)

Intactness The intactness of Diesel Locomotive A60 is fair (Diesel Locomotive B60 no longer exists). The concept of intactness for working VR locomotives differs from that for most registered places and objects. VR’s diesel locomotives were designed to ensure interchangeability. This meant that all components were used interchangeably on all locomotives. None of the locomotives including A60 would have the same components that they were constructed with. The only original component of A60 is the body which is also the original B60 body. Most if not all other components (including body panels) would have been changed either during service as B60, during the conversion to A60 or during service as A60.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Many A60 mechanical components are now missing, see table below. The number 1 end cabin has lost far more fittings than the number 2 end cabin. Missing parts are available either in Australia or from the USA and the current custodians intend to replace them and return the locomotive to its 1980s operational condition. This is the same practice using the same components that was followed during the service life of the locomotive. Once the items are replaced the intactness of the object will be enhanced. One of the two 1984 Sir Harold Clapp name plates and all four of the A60 number plates are present but not currently attached. The current locations of one of the Sir Harold Clapp name plates; two 1951 Harold W Clapp name plates and all four of the B60 number plates is not known. One replica Sir Harold Clapp name plate will be affixed to the locomotive once its restoration is complete. Equipment changes during conversion of B60 Locomotive to A60 Locomotive During the conversion to A60, the B60 body shape remained essentially the same except for minor changes. The innovative three-axle Flexicoil bogies are the same. The windows are now Perspex not glass. The cabin was upgraded, and all controls, the engine and auxiliary systems were replaced. Diesel Locomotive A60 included one of the earliest installations of computerised control modules designed to stop wheel slippage during braking. The table below lists items which were changed and their current status.

Equipment B-60 A-60 Status

Body Modified EMD F7 with dual Same body with minor changes to cabin the grills and roofline Bogies Co-Co bogie, Bradford Kendall No change Ltd Name plate Harold W. Clapp (two of) Sir Harold Clapp (two of) Harold W. Clapp, both missing Sir Harold Clapp, one present, one missing Number plate B60 (four of) A60 (four of) B60, all four missing A60, four present Serial number ML2-1 84-1184 Model number ML2 AAT22C-2R Diesel engine GM 567B 16-cylinder GM 645E3B 12-cylinder turbo charged

Main Alternator EMD D-12, 1500 Horsepower AR 10 A4 – CA5 2200 Horsepower Components missing Traction Motor Blowers EMD D-27 EMD D-57 (1983), D-77 (2002) Air Brake Equipment Westinghouse, Model A7EL Westinghouse, Model 26L Components missing Air Compressor Gardner Denver, Model WBO Gardner Denver 2 stage, 3-cylinder Computerised traction None Dash 2 microprocessor Missing control equipment

Airconditioning None Driver cabins only. Sigma Staff exchangers Automatic staff exchanging Retained the same equipment until Missing apparatus the 1990s when ladders were installed

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

2020, Models of Diesel Locomotives B60 and A60 which demonstrate the external changes made when B60 was converted to A60. Source: Auscion Models

Condition The train body is in generally good condition. The maroon and blue paint is in fair condition with some surface chalking, some losses and there are areas of corrosion on the exterior and interior of the locomotive.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

2020, Missing EMD DASH-2 control equipment in Cabin 1 2020, More intact EMD DASH-2 control equipment in Cabin 2

2020, Cabin 2 interior 2020, Racks for electronic modules (equipment missing)

2020, Chalked external paint 2020, Cabin, generally fair condition

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Statutory requirements under section 40.

Terms of the recommendation (section 40 (3)(a)) The Executive Director recommends that Diesel Locomotive A60 is included in the VHR in the category of a registered object.

Information to identify the place or object (section 40(3)(b))

Name: Diesel Locomotive A60

Address: Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, Victoria St, Seymour VIC 3660

Proposed extent of registration The Executive Director recommends that the extent of registration for Diesel Locomotive A60 be gazetted as: All of the object known as Diesel Locomotive A60, currently located at the Seymour Railway Heritage Centre at Victoria St, Seymour VIC 3660.

Rationale for the extent of registration The proposed extent of registration comprises the whole of the object known as Diesel Locomotive A60. This extent is considered to be sufficient to protect the object and its cultural significance as a re-built diesel locomotive. The recommended extent of the registration is the same as the nominated extent of registration. It should be noted that everything included in the proposed extent of registration including all detached components is proposed for inclusion in the VHR. A permit or permit exemption from Heritage Victoria is required for any works to the object, apart from those identified in the categories of exempt works or activities in this recommendation.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Reasons for the recommendation, including an assessment of the State-level cultural heritage significance of place/object (section 40(3)(c))

Following is the Executive Director's assessment of the place/object against the tests set out in The Victorian Heritage Register Criteria and Thresholds Guidelines. A place or object must be found by the Heritage Council to meet Step 2 of at least one criterion to meet the State level threshold for inclusion in the VHR.

CRITERION A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history.

Step 1: Test for satisfying Criterion A The place/object has a CLEAR ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, custom or way of life in Victoria’s cultural history. plus The association of the place/object to the event, phase, etc IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources or oral history. plus The EVENT, PHASE, etc is of HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE, having made a strong or influential contribution to Victoria.

Executive Director’s Response • Diesel Locomotive A60 has a clear association with events of importance in Victoria’s railway history. These include the phasing out of steam locomotives; modernisation and dieselisation of Victorian rolling stock and the Victorian Railways’ Operation Phoenix and New Deal for Country Passengers programs. • The association of Diesel Locomotive A60 with railway modernisation, dieselisation, Operation Phoenix and the New Deal is evident in its physical fabric and in documentary resources and oral history. In its B-class format Diesel Locomotive A60 was the flagship of the Victorian Railways for thirty years from the 1950s. It was used in advertising and events to promote the modernisation of the railway system and for important roles such as hauling new long-distance services and the Royal Train when Queen Elizabeth II visited Australia in 1954. • Following World War II, the diesel locomotives purchased as part of Operation Phoenix rapidly replaced steam powered locomotives and revolutionised rail transport in Victoria by substantially increasing the efficiency and economics of passenger and freight transport throughout the whole state. In the 1980s the New Deal for Country Passengers revolutionised the provision of country passenger railway services in Victoria and increased patronage at a time when there were proposals to cease carrying country passengers by rail. Step 1 of Criterion A is likely to be satisfied.

Step 2: Test for satisfying Criterion A at the State Level The place/object allows the clear association with the event, phase etc. of historical importance to be UNDERSTOOD BETTER THAN MOST OTHER PLACES OR OBJECTS IN VICTORIA WITH SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME ASSOCIATION.

Executive Director’s Response • The engineering adaptions demonstrated by Diesel Locomotive A60 allows the association with the first thirty years of the dieselisation of the VR to be understood better than most other surviving 1950s or 1980s diesel

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

locomotives. Surviving B-class, S-class and T-class diesel locomotives in Victoria demonstrate early 1950s mainline diesel-electric locomotive technology used in Victoria, while G-class, N-class and P-class diesel locomotives demonstrate the 1980s version of this technology. Diesel Locomotive A60 demonstrates aspects of both these technologies as well as Victorian Railways’ adaption and re-use practices. • In its B60 format, Diesel Locomotive A60 was the first mainline diesel locomotive to operate in Victoria. Diesel Locomotive B60 was the best known of the B-class locomotives and was used for public education as well as the promotion of Victorian Railways and diesel-powered passenger travel and freight transport. It was held in high regard and named after the most notable commissioner of the Victorian Railways. After its conversion to A60 it retained this historical association and name. Criterion A is likely to be satisfied at the State level.

CRITERION B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Victoria’s cultural history.

Step 1: Test for Satisfying Criterion B The place/object has a clear ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, custom or way of life of importance in Victoria’s cultural history. plus The association of the place/object to the event, phase, etc IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources or oral history. plus The place/object is RARE OR UNCOMMON, being one of a small number of places/objects remaining that demonstrates the important event, phase etc. or The place/object is RARE OR UNCOMMON, containing unusual features of note that were not widely replicated or The existence of the class of place/object that demonstrates the important event, phase etc is ENDANGERED to the point of rarity due to threats and pressures on such places/objects.

Executive Director’s Response • Diesel Locomotive A60 has a clear association with the beginning of an engineering approach known as interoperability which increased the performance of diesel locomotives by ensuring that locomotive components could be quickly exchanged and re-used on other locomotives of the same class. This practice was not possible with steam locomotives. • The practice of interoperability is evident in the physical fabric, documentary evidence and oral history of Diesel Locomotive A60’s working components, most of which are not original to it and would have been used on other B-class and A-class locomotives. While this practice was first applied to B-class diesel locomotives, the practice has continued and all diesel locomotives currently in Victoria also demonstrate this practice. Diesel Locomotive A60 is not a rare example of a diesel locomotive designed for interoperability. • Victorian Railways’ practices of modifying and rebuilding locomotives is not limited to diesel locomotives converted from B-class to A-class - other surviving diesel and steam locomotives also demonstrate this practice. Diesel Locomotive A60 is not a rare example of a locomotive which has been substantially converted. • Five of the eleven A-class locomotives remain extant, with one in poor condition. Or the original twenty-six B-class locomotives constructed, ten remain extant. A-class and B-class locomotives are not especially rare. Step 1 of Criterion B is not likely to be satisfied.

Diesel Locomotive A60 20 VHR No: PROV VHR H2408 Hermes No: 201914

Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

CRITERION C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Victoria’s cultural history.

Step 1: Test for Satisfying Criterion C The: • visible physical fabric; &/or • documentary evidence; &/or • oral history, relating to the place/object indicates a likelihood that the place/object contains PHYSICAL EVIDENCE of historical interest that is NOT CURRENTLY VISIBLE OR UNDERSTOOD. plus From what we know of the place/object, the physical evidence is likely to be of an INTEGRITY and/or CONDITION that it COULD YIELD INFORMATION through detailed investigation.

Executive Director’s Response • The materials, design, construction and modification of Diesel Locomotive A60 are well known and documented. It does not contain physical evidence of historical interest that is not currently visible or understood. • The interchangeability of A and B-class diesel locomotive components meant that all the components except for the body will have been used on other A and B-class locomotives. Earlier external liveries and internal fittings of the body have also been stripped and altered. There would not be any physical evidence remaining that could yield information through detailed investigation. Step 1 of Criterion C is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places and objects.

Step 1: Test for Satisfying Criterion D The place/object is one of a CLASS of places/objects that has a clear ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, important person(s), custom or way of life in Victoria’s history. plus The EVENT, PHASE, etc is of HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE, having made a strong or influential contribution to Victoria. plus The principal characteristics of the class are EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response • Diesel Locomotive A60 is of a class of diesel locomotives the design of which was modified by VR engineers to suit Victorian conditions. • Diesel Locomotive A60 is associated with Victorian Railways’ modifications to the USA based Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) single cabin diesel locomotive design. These were developed by Victorian Railways’ engineers for Victorian conditions. Because B-class locomotives and their successors were well adapted to Victorian conditions they reinvigorated passenger and freight transport in Victoria at the time. The B-class pattern was also used for Victorian Railways’ S-class diesel locomotives • Diesel Locomotive B60 was the very first of these new locomotive designs to be deployed and A60 retains the same body as B60. Because this design was suited to Victorian conditions it made an influential contribution to Victoria. Diesel Locomotive A60 still has the lengthened double-cabin body and three-axle

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

bogie which are the principal characteristics of the Victorian modifications to the EMD locomotives. Diesel Locomotive A60 has the visual characteristics of a 1950s Streamliner locomotive with its aerodynamic cabin shape, bulldog nose and elegant painted liveries (past and current). It is one of 30 streamlined diesel and electric locomotives remaining in Victoria and one of 16 double ended streamlined diesel locomotives remaining in Victoria.

Step 1 of Criterion D is likely to be satisfied.

Step 2: State Level Significance Test Criterion D The place/object is a NOTABLE EXAMPLE of the class in Victoria (refer to Reference Tool D).

Executive Director’s Response • Under the definitions provided in Reference Tool D, Diesel Locomotive A60 cannot be considered as a notable example of its class. The A-class in general and A60 in particular were not influential or pivotal examples of the evolution of diesel locomotives in Victoria. The only remaining original component of Diesel Locomotive A60 is its body, everything else has either been replaced or rebuilt. An intact B-class diesel locomotive would be a notable example of the first mainline diesel locomotives in Victoria. • Diesel Locomotive A60 retains the original body shape and bogie design as modified by VR engineers to suit Australian conditions. These were copied for other locomotives at the time. But B-class diesel locomotives were more influential because they were a new design. Criterion D is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.

CRITERION E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics.

Step 1: Test For Satisfying Criterion E The PHYSICAL FABRIC of the place/object clearly exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics.

Executive Director’s Response • Diesel Locomotive A60 displays some of the aesthetic characteristics of Streamliner locomotives such as a sleek appearance and a covering over the engine and walkways. Step 1 of Criterion E is likely to be satisfied. Step 2: State Level Significance Test for Criterion E The aesthetic characteristics are APPRECIATED OR VALUED by the wider community or an appropriately-related discipline as evidenced, for example, by: • critical recognition of the aesthetic characteristics of the place/object within a relevant art, design, architectural or related discipline as an outstanding example within Victoria; or • wide public acknowledgement of exceptional merit in Victoria in medium such as songs, poetry, literature, painting, sculpture, publications, print media etc.

Executive Director’s Response • While the body of Diesel Locomotive A60 displays some characteristics of Streamliner locomotives, these are less pronounced than those of earlier VR steam Streamliner locomotives (none of which survive), and its bulldog nose is more rounded and less elegant. • The aesthetic characteristics of Streamliner locomotives such as Diesel Locomotive A60 are appreciated by the railway enthusiast community.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

• While highly valued in the USA, the Streamliner shape of Diesel Locomotive A60 with its characteristic bulldog nose has not received wide public acknowledgement of exceptional aesthetic merit in Victoria. This is in contrast to the original Victorian Railways 1937 S-class steam Streamliner locomotives which received wide public acknowledgement, an example of which is its use as a symbol of the Art Deco & Modernism Society of Australia Inc. Criterion E is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.

CRITERION F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

Step 1: A Test for Satisfying Criterion F The place/object contains PHYSICAL EVIDENCE that clearly demonstrates creative or technical ACHIEVEMENT for the time in which it was created. plus The physical evidence demonstrates a HIGH DEGREE OF INTEGRITY.

Executive Director’s Response • The Victorian Railways 1950s modifications to American EMD locomotives for Victorian conditions ultimately led to the creation of B-class locomotives. These locomotives clearly demonstrate creative and technical engineering achievement for the time in which they were created. This design was substantially copied for subsequent diesel locomotives such as the S-class. • The 1980s modifications to the B-class locomotives in order to modernise them and create A-class locomotives is a less notable technical achievement and was ultimately unsuccessful technically and financially. • While the four, largely intact, surviving A-class diesel locomotives including Diesel Locomotive A60 have some physical evidence which demonstrates the 1950s Victorian Railways’ engineering and design achievements, their integrity is not as high because of the subsequent 1980s modifications. There are ten surviving B-class locomotives which have a higher degree of integrity. Step 1 of Criterion F is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION G: Strong or special association with a particular present-day community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

Step 1: Test for Satisfying Criterion G Evidence exists of a community or cultural group. (A community or cultural group is a group of people who share a common interest, including an experience, purpose, belief system, culture, ethnicity or values.) plus Evidence exists of a strong attachment between the COMMUNITY OR CULTURAL GROUP and the place/object in the present- day context. plus Evidence exists of a time depth to that attachment.

Executive Director’s Response • The general public in the 1950s and 1960s had a strong interest in and attachment to Diesel Locomotive A60 in its B60 format and flocked to see it when it was first unveiled and for other ceremonial and demonstration occasions.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

• In its B60 format, Diesel Locomotive A60 was very popular due to its new technology and its positive impact on the lives of many people due to improvements in passenger and freight transport, especially in regional areas. Its use to haul the Royal Train in 1954 increased its importance to the community. • The public interest in Diesel Locomotive B60 did not continue following its conversion to Diesel Locomotive A60. While it retained the Harold Clapp name, the public did not demonstrate the same level of interest in the locomotive even though it did participate in some commemorative events. By the time of its conversion from B60 to A60, diesel locomotives were no longer novel and there was a general reduction in public interest in railway travel. • The Victorian railway enthusiast community is large and active, and many members are current and former railway employees. While some rail enthusiasts prefer steam locomotives, there is a strong attachment between much of the Victorian railway enthusiast community and Diesel Locomotive A60. It features in books and railfan magazines, models, blogs and websites as well as on social media. This attachment to A60 began with its launch as B60 in 1952 and continues today. Step 1 of Criterion G is likely to be satisfied. Step 2: State Level Significance Test for Criterion G Evidence exists that the social value resonates at a State Level, that is across the ‘broader Victorian community’. (‘Resonance’ means the extent to which the social value of a place/object can be demonstrated to exert an influence. The social value must resonate beyond a particular local, social or cultural community into the ‘broader Victorian community’). Plus Evidence exists that the social value is part of an event or story that contributes to ‘Victoria’s identity.

Executive Director’s Response • Diesel Locomotive A60 has considerable social value to the Victorian railway enthusiast community who appear to value it in the same way as they value other notable locomotives. The social value of Diesel Locomotive A60 to the Victorian railway enthusiast community is influential, but this value is not shared with the broader Victorian community. • There are ca. 22 Tourist and Heritage Railways in Victoria as well as the Newport Railway Museum. These organisations are mostly operated by railway enthusiast volunteers and some paid staff. They operate many items of historic rolling stock. Members of the public who are not railway enthusiasts visit and travel on the historic trains. This demonstrates that historic engines and rolling stock are appreciated by the broader Victorian community. However, this appreciation is probably more directed towards steam locomotives in particular. In the broader Victorian community, it is unlikely that locomotive A60 would be distinguished from other preserved or operational diesel locomotives. • While the dieselisation of the Victorian Railways is an important part of the story of rail transport in Victoria, Diesel Locomotive A60 does not demonstrate the dieselisation story in a way that resonates across the broader Victorian community at a State level better than other diesel locomotives. Surviving original B-class and S-class locomotives better demonstrate the start of the dieselisation story. Criterion G is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

CRITERION H: Special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in Victoria’s history.

Step 1: Test For Satisfying Criterion H The place/object has a DIRECT ASSOCIATION with a person or group of persons who have made a strong or influential CONTRIBUTION to the course of Victoria’s history. plus The ASSOCIATION of the place/object to the person(s) IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources and/or oral history. plus The ASSOCIATION: • directly relates to ACHIEVEMENTS of the person(s) at, or relating to, the place/object; or • relates to an enduring and/or close INTERACTION between the person(s) and the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response • Diesel Locomotive A60 has a direct association with former Victorian Railways Commissioner Harold Clapp. Clapp’s visionary and tireless efforts to promote and enhance the Victorian Railways and improve conditions for passengers, staff and rail freight users made a strong and influential contribution to the course of Victoria’s history and ensured that railways remain important to Victoria today. • Diesel Locomotive A60, in its B60 form, was one important outcome of Clapp’s actions to improve and modernise Victorian locomotives. These included early adoption of new technologies, continuous improvement of existing technologies and re-building of locomotives to meet modern requirements. These initiatives are evident in the fabric of the object as a re-built locomotive and in documentary resources and oral history. • Diesel Locomotive B60 was named Harold W. Clapp and, when rebuilt as Diesel Locomotive A60 in 1985 was re-named Sir Harold Clapp in continuing recognition of Clapp’s role in facilitating its creation and to commemorate his pivotal role in the Victorian Railways. Step 1 of Criterion H is likely to be satisfied.

Step 2: State Level Significance Test for Criterion H The place/object allows the clear association with the person or group of persons to be READILY APPRECIATED BETTER THAN MOST OTHER PLACES OR OBJECTS IN VICTORIA.

Executive Director’s Response • Diesel Locomotive A60 is still named Sir Harold Clapp and this 1980s nameplate is present. This demonstrates the association between the locomotive and Clapp. No other locomotive was given this name. Criterion H is likely to be satisfied at the State level.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Comparisons

Locomotives in the Victorian Heritage Register Four former Victorian Railways locomotives are included in the Victorian Heritage Register. They are all steam locomotives. Three of the registered locomotives (3NA, 6NA and G42) are associated with the Puffing Billy Railway.

Heavy Harry Locomotive, Newport (VHR H2163) Heavy Harry Locomotive, Newport is of technical significance (scientific) because it represents the peak of steam motive power technology in Victoria Heavy Harry Locomotive, Newport is of historical significance because it was the most powerful steam locomotive in the VR network. The H Class Locomotive H220 also known as Heavy Harry, was built in 1941. It was the largest and heaviest steam locomotive in the VR fleet and the largest steam locomotive built in Australia. Heavy Harry was withdrawn from service in 1958 as steam power was replaced by diesel-electric locomotives. 2007, Heavy Harry Locomotive

Puffing Billy Locomotives and Rolling Stock PBLRSC, Emerald (VHR H2187) The PBLRSC, Emerald is of historical significance as a collection of VR locomotives and rolling stock that operated on Victorian narrow gauge from 1899 to 1962. The PBLRSC, Emerald is of historical significance for its role in the history of tourism in Victoria. The PBLRSC, Emerald is of social significance for its connection to the Puffing Billy Tourist Railway, visited by thousands of Victorians annually. This was demonstrated in the extensive public support which led to the continued running of Sunday tourist services from Upper Ferntree

Gully to Belgrave from the time of the closure of the line in 1954 to 1958 and in the operation of the Puffing Billy 2008, Locomotive 6NA from the Puffing Billy Locomotives and Railway from 1962 to the present. Rolling Stock Collection. Source: Puffing Billy website 3NA and 6NA were narrow-gauge locomotives constructed in Newport Railway workshops in 1900-1 and mainly saw service on the Colac to Crowes and Upper Fern Tree Gully to Gembrook lines. They were the last steam locos to be worked by VR. Two locos were imported from the UK in 1926 by VR. They were articulated and so had lower axle loads which created more powerful narrow-gauge locomotives. Only one, G42 survives in the PBLRSC.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Diesel-electric locomotives in Victoria About 350 mainline and branch line diesel locomotives have been built for operation in Victoria since the 1950s. This does not include diesel shunting locomotives or some modern locomotives that operate nationally. The following table provides an overview of the numbers and fate of mainline and branch line diesel locomotives that have operated in Victoria.

Class Dates No. built No. No. Date No. surviving Converted name introduced scrapped converted converted B-class 1952-54 26 5 11 1984-85 10 To A class S-class 1957-61 18 7 - - 11 T-class 1959-68 93 ca.38 ca.25 1984-85 ca.35 To P-class 1992 CK-class Y-class 1963-68 75 45 - - 30 X-class 1966-76 24 7 6 2002-06 11 To XR-class H-class 1968-69 5 1 - - 4 C-class 1977-78 10 0 - - 10 A-class 1983-85 11 6 - - 5 From B-class P-class 1984-85 13 0 - - 13 From T-class G-class 1984-89 33 2 - - 31 N-class 1985-87 25 0 - - 25 CK- 1992-93 5 0 1 - 4 5 from T to CK-class, class then 1 back from CK to T- class XR- 2002-06 9 0 - - 9 From X Class (3 new) class TOTALS 347 ca. 111 ca. 43 ca. 193

First generation diesel-electric locomotives – Operation Phoenix

B-class Locomotives The dual cab, dual bulldog nose, B/A-class shape is unique to Victoria. These were made by CE. Twenty-six B Class diesel locomotives were built for the Victorian Railways of which ten survive in something close to their original condition. Eleven B class were converted in the mid-1980s to A-class locomotives but still retained their streamline appearance. Five A Class locomotives remain and six have been scrapped.

2007, B75 and a S-class pulling the Spirit of Progress 70th anniversary train, at Benalla. Source: Wikipedia, Marcus Wong

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

S-class Diesel Locomotives S-class diesel locomotives were made by CE. They only had a single cab but the same bulldog nose and the same three-axle Flexicoil bogies as the B-class. Seven S-class diesels have been scrapped and 11 remain as at 2020.

2007, S303 at the Seymour Railway Heritage Centre. Source: Source: Wikipedia, Marcus Wong

T-class Diesel Locomotives There were 94 single cab T-class diesels built between 1955 and 1968. These were ordered and built in seven different groups by CE based on EMD designs. They were designed to replace steam locomotives on branch lines as the B-class was intended to replace steam on mainlines. Each group represented a development from the group before and were visibly and mechanically different. The sixth and seventh groups had newer higher horse- power engines. Some of these were converted or renamed to other classes: P- class in 1984 and CK-class in 2002. 1956, Diesel Locomotive T347. In service from 1959, scrapped 1988 Source: Victorian Railways.Net

Second generation diesel-electric locomotives – New Deal for Country Passengers

N-class Locomotives Once the conversion of B-class to A-class was abandoned, 25 N-class were ordered in 1985 which had all the improvements that VR had hoped to install into the A-class. The last 15 N-class were equipped with the parts that had been intended for the A-class plus a head end power generator (to run air-conditioning and lighting in the carriages) which could not fit into the A-class. They were dual cab and made by CE in Somerton. They have been used in passenger service since their delivery.

2004, Diesel Locomotive N469. Source: Victorian Railways.Net

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

P-class Locomotives Thirteen of the first series of 1950s T-class freight locomotives were rebuilt by Clyde Engineering in 1984-85 to create P-class passenger locomotives. The main change was replacing the 1950s EMD engines with updated EMD engines and other components. This was a successful project unlike the conversion of B-class to A-class. Most have now been withdrawn from service.

2007, Diesel Locomotive P12 - V/Line owned P class diesel electric locomotive, at North Melbourne. Source: Wikipedia, Marcus Wong

Re-built historic locomotives

A2 class Steam Locomotives The A2 class locomotives which ran from 1907 to 1963 were designed and built by Victorian Railways The service life was repeatedly extended as economic depression and war delayed the introduction of more modern and powerful replacement locomotives. Equipment changes were progressively added over many years. Development of the Modified Front End by VR during the 1930s gave huge power increase, increased fuel efficiencies, and enabled faster passenger train schedules. Renumbering was done as different modifications were made. Some had their

numbers changed three times and a few four times. 2017, A2 986 Steam Locomotive, Australian Railway Historical Society Museum. Source: Wikipedia, Pik00011

C class Steam Locomotives The 26 C class locos were built 1918 - 1926. They were changed externally with VR’s Modified Front End rebuild in the 1930s, the introduction of cross compound air compressors, and installation of bigger tenders which burnt oil instead of coal. They retained their road numbers and classification without change for their full-service life.

Undated, Victorian Railways C class steam locomotive No. C 10, Australian Railway Historical Society. Source: locmootive.fandom.com, StealthRanger.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Summary of Comparisons Locomotives in the Victorian Heritage Register and steam locomotives more particularly All the locomotives in the VHR are powered by steam which was the first type of locomotive power used by the VR. The three Puffing Billy locomotives (VHR H2187) are typical of smaller early twentieth century steam locomotives and also demonstrate the less common narrow-gauge format. Heavy Harry Locomotive (VHR H2163) demonstrates the increasing need for higher powered locomotives in the pre-WWII period. Its short service life demonstrates how even the largest, most powerful steam locomotive constructed in Victoria was quickly made obsolete by the first diesels. In addition to the four steam locomotives included in the Victorian Heritage Register, about 80 steam locomotives have been preserved in both static and operational condition. These steam locomotives represent many different eras and types or classes. An evaluation of the significance of all surviving Victorian Railways steam locomotives is beyond the scope of this assessment. Moreover, it is considered that steam locomotives do not provide a meaningful comparator when assessing the significance of diesel locomotives. Diesel-electric locomotives Dieselisation of VR’s locomotives from the 1950s to the 1980s led to the purchase of over 300 locomotives. Of this group of locomotives, all (except for the A, B and S-classes) had a square hood design which improved visibility for drivers and made maintenance easier. Many of the early diesel locomotives were mechanically similar to each other. The B, A, S and X class locos all have Flexicoil bogies. P-class locomotives are an example of a successful upgrade of an earlier locomotive. The unsuccessful attempt at converting B-class to A-class in the 1980s led to the creation of N-class diesel locomotives. Mechanically the dual cab N-class and A-class locomotives are almost identical, the only differences being that the N-class have a square un-streamlined hood design and more internal space which made it possible to include a diesel alternator to provide power for carriage air-conditioning to increase passenger comfort and save fuel. All of the N-class were built in Victoria unlike other Victorian diesel locomotives which were built in SA or NSW. The A-class are a small part of the dieselisation of the VR and are not unique within the large group of Victorian diesel-electric locomotives. While all locomotives have numbers, not all have names. Names seem to have been applied either to class leaders for commemorative purposes (e.g. A60 - Sir Harold Clapp) or to a whole class such as the S-class which were all named after explorers. Naming may also have been for marketing purposes such as the N-class which were named after Victorian cities. Freight and shunting locomotives were generally not named indicating that diesel locomotives which hauled passengers were seen as more prestigious. Naming B60 after the revered Harold Clapp indicates the importance of B60 to VR as the first of many diesel-electric locomotives. While many other locomotives on the Victorian Railways have been named, A60 is the only one which has had its name re-confirmed in the 1980s, 33 years after it was first named. This indicates the enduring historical connection and identity between B60 and A60. Re-built historic locomotives VR has always rebuilt and upgraded its locomotives, both steam and diesel. Surviving examples include the A2 and C-class steam and T-class diesel locomotives. Rebuilding B60 to A60 is part of that tradition but is not unique. Summary of comparisons Diesel-electric locomotives provide the most meaningful comparator when assessing the relative significance of the nominated A60 / B60 locomotive. Over 300 mainline and branchline diesel-electric locomotives were constructed for operation in Victoria from the 1950s. A significant number of these, including many first-generation diesels, survive to this day as indicated in the table above. It is the first generation of diesel locomotives, and in particular the B-class and S-class streamlined diesels, that provide the best comparators for A60 / B60. Of the first-generation diesels:

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

• Ten of the original twenty-six B-class diesels (1952-54) remain in their original condition. Eleven B-class were converted to A-class locomotives in the mid-1980s and while upgraded, retained their general B-class appearance. Five of the converted A-class engines currently survive including A-60. Most surviving B and A class locomotives are still operational and/or have been earmarked for preservation. • Eleven of the original eighteen S-class diesels (1957) remain in something close to their original condition. Most are still operational and/or have been earmarked for preservation. Among these first-generation diesels and all diesels locomotives in Victoria, it is proposed that A-60 / B60 is, in particular, of State-level significance being the harbinger and forerunner to mainline dieselisation of the Victorian Railways; as a flagship of the Victorian Railways, and for its connections to the most noteworthy of Railway Commissioners, Sir Harold Clapp. The ED recommends that Diesel Locomotive A60, Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, Victoria St, Seymour should be included in the VHR in the category of registered object.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Summary of cultural heritage significance (section 40(4)(a))

The ED recommends that Diesel Locomotive A60, Seymour Railway Heritage Centre, Victoria St, Seymour should be included in the VHR in the category of registered object. Statement of significance

What is significant? Diesel Locomotive A60 is a diesel-electric railway locomotive measuring ca.18.70 metres long and weighing ca.113.2 tonnes. The locomotive, which entered service as B60 in 1952 and was named Harold W Clapp, underwent conversion to A60 in 1984 and is now known as Sir Harold Clapp. The locomotive generally retains its original body and external shape and appearance.

How is it significant? Diesel Locomotive A60 is of historical significance to the State of Victoria. It satisfies the following criterion for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register:

Criterion A Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history.

Criterion H Special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in Victoria’s history.

Why is it significant? Diesel Locomotive A60 is historically significant for its association with the modernisation and dieselisation of the Victorian Railways. The diesel locomotives purchased following World War II rapidly replaced steam powered locomotives and revolutionised rail transport in Victoria by substantially increasing the efficiency and economics of passenger and freight transport throughout the whole state. Diesel Locomotive A60 in its B60 format was the first mainline diesel locomotive to operate in Victoria and its rebuild as A60 ensured its continued operation. [Criterion A]

Diesel Locomotive A60 is historically significant because of its association with the Victorian Railways’ Operation Phoenix and New Deal for Country Passengers programs. In the 1950s, as part of Victoria’s post war recovery, the extensive Operation Phoenix program revived the badly neglected Victorian Railways system and provided much needed improvements to passenger and freight services. The 1980s New Deal for Country Passengers revolutionised the provision of country passenger railway services in Victoria and increased patronage at a time when there were proposals to cease country passenger services. Powerful diesel locomotives were an important aspect of both these programs. [Criterion A]

Diesel Locomotive A60 is historically significant because in its original B60 format it was the flagship of the Victorian Railways for thirty years from the 1950s. It was used in advertising and events to promote the modernisation of the railway system, for example a model of the locomotive appeared in the Moomba parade in 1955. It initially hauled new long-distance trains such as The Overland express and the Spirit of Progress as well as the Royal Train when Queen Elizabeth II visited Australia in 1954. [Criterion A]

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Diesel Locomotive A60 is historically significant for its association with former Victorian Railways Commissioner Harold Clapp. In its B60 format the locomotive was named Harold W. Clapp in recognition of his substantial contribution to the development and enhancement of the Victorian Railways and improved conditions for passengers, staff and rail freight users. His work ensured that railways remain important to Victoria today. Diesel Locomotive A60 was one of the important outcomes of Clapp’s work to improve and modernise Victorian locomotives. [Criterion H]

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Categories of works or activities (permit exemptions) recommended under section 38 (section 40(4)(b))

Introduction The purpose of this information is to assist owners and other interested parties when considering or making decisions regarding works to a registered object. It is recommended that any proposed works be discussed with an officer of Heritage Victoria prior to making a permit application. Discussing proposed works will assist in answering questions the owner may have and aid any decisions regarding works to the object. It is acknowledged that alterations and other works may be required to keep objects in good repair and adapt them for use into the future. However, under the Act a person must not knowingly, recklessly or negligently remove, relocate or demolish, damage or despoil, or alter a registered object. If a person wishes to undertake works or activities in relation to a registered object, they must apply to the Executive Director for a permit. The purpose of a permit is to enable appropriate change to an object and to effectively manage adverse impacts on the cultural heritage significance of an object as a consequence of change. If an owner is uncertain whether a heritage permit is required, it is recommended that Heritage Victoria be contacted. Permits are required for anything which alters the object, unless a permit exemption is granted. Permit exemptions usually cover routine maintenance and upkeep issues faced by owners as well as minor works or works to the elements of the object that are not significant. They may include appropriate works that are specified in a conservation management plan. Permit exemptions can be granted at the time of registration (under section 38 of the Act) or after registration (under section 92 of the Act).

Disrepair of registered object Under section 152 of the Act, the owner of a registered object must not allow that object to fall into disrepair.

Failure to maintain a registered object Under section 153 of the Act, the owner of a registered object must not fail to maintain that object to the extent that its conservation is threatened.

Conservation management plans It is recommended that a Conservation Management Plan is developed to manage the object in a manner which respects its cultural heritage significance.

Notes • All works should ideally be informed by a Conservation Management Plan prepared for the object. The Executive Director is not bound by any Conservation Management Plan and permits still must be obtained for works suggested in any Conservation Management Plan. • Nothing in this determination prevents the Heritage Council from amending or rescinding all or any of the permit exemptions.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

General Conditions • All exempted alterations are to be planned and carried out in a manner which prevents damage to the fabric of the registered place. • Should it become apparent during further inspection or the carrying out of works that original or previously hidden or inaccessible details of the place are revealed which relate to the significance of the object, then the exemption covering such works must cease and Heritage Victoria must be notified as soon as possible.

Specific Permit Exemptions The following categories of works or activities (permit exemptions) do not require a permit from Heritage Victoria. They are considered not to cause harm to the cultural heritage significance of Diesel Locomotive A60.

General • Minor repairs and maintenance which replaces like with like. Repairs and maintenance must maximise protection and retention of significant fabric and include the conservation of existing details or elements. Any repairs and maintenance must not exacerbate the decay of fabric due to chemical incompatibility of new materials, obscure fabric or limit access to such fabric for future maintenance. • Works or activities, including emergency stabilisation, necessary to secure safety in an emergency where a structure or part of a structure has been irreparably damaged or destabilised and poses a safety risk to its users or the public. The Executive Director, Heritage Victoria, must be notified within seven days of the commencement of these works or activities. • Cleaning including the removal of surface deposits by the use of low-pressure water (to maximum of 300 psi at the surface being cleaned) and neutral detergents and mild brushing and scrubbing with plastic (not wire) brushes.

Maintenance, Overhaul and Repair • Replacement of all mechanical, electrical and other equipment with equivalent GM EMD (General Motors Electro-Motive Division) new, original or reconditioned equipment in order to maintain Diesel Locomotive A60 in operating condition and continue the Victorian Railways tradition of repair. Any equipment original to the 1984 era or earlier removed under this permit exemption must be stored and the location recorded so that it could be reinstated in the future. • Repairs and replacement of lubrication or brake systems provided that any visual impacts are minimised. Any equipment original to the 1984 era or earlier removed under this permit exemption must be stored and the location recorded so that it could be reinstated in the future.

Gauge Conversion & Bogies • Conversion between Standard Gauge (1435mm) and Broad Gauge (1600mm) as required by use of Pattern 1 or Pattern 2 flexi-coil bogies as used under B, S, X and A class locomotives of the Victorian Railways / V/Line. Locomotive Cabs • Installation of fridge, microwave and toilet within the nose void space forward of the locomotive cab. • Installation of new radio equipment on top of the driver’s console to replace existing radio equipment in the same location.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Appearance • External repainting of A60 in its current colour scheme, or a previous colour scheme in which it had appeared in its working lifetime as a B-class or A-class locomotive, provided that preparation or painting does not remove all evidence of earlier paint finishes or schemes. Where possible, original finishes should be retained, and new finishes applied over them. • Repainting of previously painted internal surfaces in the same colour, finish and product type provided that preparation or painting does not remove all evidence of earlier paint finishes or schemes. Where possible, original finishes should be retained, and new finishes applied over them. • Temporary cosmetic changes to the external appearance of the locomotive provided that these are fully reversible without change to the original fabric of the locomotive. Operational Use • The locomotive is a Victorian asset owned by VicTrack and currently (2020) leased to Seymour Railway Heritage Centre (SRHC) who may sub-lease it to other operators. If it is operated outside Victoria any loan agreement must include a requirement to abide by the conditions of this registration. • The locomotive can be used throughout the Victorian network. It may leave Victoria for up to two weeks at any one time providing that it then returns to Victoria.

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

Appendix 1

Heritage Council determination (section 41) The Heritage Council is an independent statutory body that will make a determination on this recommendation under section 49 of the Act. It will consider the recommendation after a period of 60 days from the date the notice of recommendation is published on its website under section 41.

Making a submission to the Heritage Council (section 44) Within the period of 60 days, any person or body with a real and substantial interest in the place or object may make a submission to the Heritage Council regarding the recommendation and request a hearing in relation to that submission. Information about making a submission and submission forms are available on the Heritage Council’s website.

Consideration of submissions to the Heritage Council (section 46) (1) The Heritage Council must consider— (a) any written submission made to it under section 44; and (b) any further information provided to the Heritage Council in response to a request under section 45. (2) The Heritage Council must conduct a hearing in relation to a submission if— (a) the submission includes a request for a hearing before the Heritage Council; and (b) the submission is made by a person or body with a real or substantial interest in the place or object that is the subject of the submission. (3) Despite subsection (2), the Heritage Council may conduct a hearing in relation to a submission in any other circumstances the Heritage Council considers appropriate.

Determinations of the Heritage Council (section 49) (1) After considering a recommendation that a place or object should or should not be included in the Heritage Register and any submissions in respect of the recommendation and conducting any hearing into the submissions, the Heritage Council may— (a) determine that the place or part of the place, or object, is of State-level cultural heritage significance and is to be included in the Heritage Register; or (b) determine that the place or part of the place, or object, is not of State-level cultural heritage significance and is not to be included in the Heritage Register; or (c) in the case of a recommendation in respect of a place, determine that the place is not to be included in the Heritage Register but— (i) refer the recommendation and any submissions to the relevant planning authority for consideration for an amendment to a planning scheme; or (ii) determine that it is more appropriate for steps to be taken under the Planning and Environment Act 1987 or by any other means to protect or conserve the place; or (d) in the case of a recommendation in respect of additional land which has been nominated to be included in the Heritage Register as part of a registered place in accordance with section 32, determine that the land be included in the Heritage Register if—

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

(i) the State-level cultural heritage significance of the place would be substantially less if the land or any part of the land which is or has been used in conjunction with the place were developed; or (ii) the land surrounding the place is important to the protection or conservation of the place or contributes to the understanding of the place; or (e) determine that the object is integral to understanding the cultural heritage significance of a registered place or a place the Heritage Council has determined to be included in the Heritage Register. (2) The Heritage Council must make a determination under subsection (1)— (a) within 40 days after the date on which written submissions may be made under section 44; or (b) if any hearing is conducted into the written submissions, within 90 days after the completion of the hearing. (3) A determination that a place or part of a place, or object, should be included in the Heritage Register may include categories of works or activities which may be carried out in relation to the place or object for which a permit under this Act is not required, if the Heritage Council considers that the works or activities would not harm the cultural heritage significance of the place or object. (4) If the Heritage Council determines to include a place in the Heritage Register, with the consent of the owner of the place, the Heritage Council may determine to include in the Heritage Register additional land of the owner that is ancillary to the place. (5) If a member of the Heritage Council makes a submission under section 44 in respect of a recommendation, the member must not take part in the consideration or determination of the Heritage Council. (6) The Heritage Council must notify the Executive Director of any determination under this section as soon as practicable after the determination.

Obligations of owners of places and objects (section 42) (1) The owner of a place or object to whom a statement of recommendation has been given must advise the Executive Director in writing of— (a) any works or activities that are being carried out in relation to the place or object at the time the statement is given; and (b) any application for a planning permit or a building permit, or for an amendment to that permit, that has been made in relation to the place but not determined at the time the statement is given; and (c) any works or activities that are proposed to be carried out in relation to the place or object at the time the statement is given. (2) An advice under subsection (1) must be given within 10 days after the statement of recommendation is given under section 40. (3) The owner of a place to whom a statement of recommendation has been given must advise the Executive Director in writing of an application, permit or amendment if, before a determination under section 49 or 52 in respect of a place— (a) an application for a planning permit or a building permit or for an amendment to that permit in relation to the place is made; or (b) a planning permit or building permit or an amendment to that permit in relation to the place is granted. (4) An advice under subsection (3) must be given within 10 days after the making of the application or the grant of the permit or amendment. (5) The owner of a place or object to whom a statement of recommendation has been given must advise the Executive Director in writing of the following activities or proposals if, before a determination is made under section 49 or 52 in respect of a place or object— (a) any activities are carried out in relation to the place or object that could harm the place or object;

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Statement of recommendation from the

Executive Director, Heritage Victoria to the Heritage Council of Victoria

(b) any activities are proposed to be carried out in relation to the place or object that could harm the place or object. (6) An advice under subsection (5) must be given within 10 days after the owner becomes aware of the activity or the proposal, as the case requires. (7) If, before a determination is made under section 49 or 52 in respect of a place or object, a proposal is made to dispose of the whole or any part of the place or object, the owner of the place or object must advise the Executive Director in writing of that proposal. (8) An advice under subsection (7) must be given at least 10 days before entering into the contract for the disposal of the place or object. (9) The owner of a place or object who proposes to dispose of the whole or any part of the place or object before a determination is made under section 49 or 52 in respect of the place or object must, before entering into a contract for that disposal, give a copy of the statement of proposed contract, is to acquire the place or object or part of the place or object.

Owners of places and objects must comply with obligations (section 43) An owner of a place or object to whom section 42 applies must comply with that section.

Penalty: In the case of a natural person, 120 penalty units; In the case of a body corporate, 240 penalty units.

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