Is the Macrophyte Diversification Along the Trophic Gradient Distinct Enough for River Monitoring?
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BIG RIVER ECOSYSTEM: Program 2
BIG RIVER ECOSYSTEM: A Question of Net Worth PURPOSE To explore biodiversity at the ecosystem level. KERA CONNECTIONS to Life Science Program 2 Core Content: Structure and Function in Living Systems Academic Expectations: 2.2 Patterns, 2.3 Systems, 2.4 Models & Scale ANSWERS TO Process Skills: Observation, Modeling aFIELD NOTES OBJECTIVES 1. In a hot and hostile environment, Students should be able to: the evaporated water cannot be 1.identify five “big river” organisms incorporated into living cells (as 2.construct a diagram showing interactions between living and we know them). nonliving parts of an ecosystem 2. An extremely cold environment, 3. discuss factors that affect the level of biodiversity in their river basin. or frozen desert, does not allow cells to utilize water. VOCABULARY 3. Answers will vary but should Teachers may wish to discuss the following terms: display logical flow of water and aquatic, commercial, ecosystem, water cycle and watershed. allow for recirculation in a loop. 4. Arteries and veins. aFIELD NOTEBOOK 5. A pumping heart. Ideas for Teachers 6. Diagram A shows many different A. Develop a concept map for the water cycle. Include these items in types of ecosystems in close the concept map: clouds, groundwater, apple tree, stream, precipita- proximity. tion, condensation, evaporation, harvest mouse, snowflakes, sun and 7. Add a watering hole, plant a humans. What other cycles are needed to maintain an ecosystem? miniature forest, create a B. Biospheres, containing algae, brine shrimp and water, are often meadow of wildflowers. Most shown in advertisements. Analyze how the biosphere is self-main- importantly, break up a monocul- taining. -
Effects of Eutrophication on Stream Ecosystems
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON STREAM ECOSYSTEMS Lei Zheng, PhD and Michael J. Paul, PhD Tetra Tech, Inc. Abstract This paper describes the effects of nutrient enrichment on the structure and function of stream ecosystems. It starts with the currently well documented direct effects of nutrient enrichment on algal biomass and the resulting impacts on stream chemistry. The paper continues with an explanation of the less well documented indirect ecological effects of nutrient enrichment on stream structure and function, including effects of excess growth on physical habitat, and alterations to aquatic life community structure from the microbial assemblage to fish and mammals. The paper also dicusses effects on the ecosystem level including changes to productivity, respiration, decomposition, carbon and other geochemical cycles. The paper ends by discussing the significance of these direct and indirect effects of nutrient enrichment on designated uses - especially recreational, aquatic life, and drinking water. 2 1. Introduction 1.1 Stream processes Streams are all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. To understand the processes that influence the pattern and character of streams and reduce natural variation of different streams, several stream classification systems (including ecoregional, fluvial geomorphological, and stream order classification) have been adopted by state and national programs. Ecoregional classification is based on geology, soils, geomorphology, dominant land uses, and natural vegetation (Omernik 1987). Fluvial geomorphological classification explains stream and slope processes through the application of physical principles. Rosgen (1994) classified stream channels in the United States into seven major stream types based on morphological characteristics, including entrenchment, gradient, width/depth ratio, and sinuosity in various land forms. -
Ecosystem Services Generated by Fish Populations
AR-211 Ecological Economics 29 (1999) 253 –268 ANALYSIS Ecosystem services generated by fish populations Cecilia M. Holmlund *, Monica Hammer Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract In this paper, we review the role of fish populations in generating ecosystem services based on documented ecological functions and human demands of fish. The ongoing overexploitation of global fish resources concerns our societies, not only in terms of decreasing fish populations important for consumption and recreational activities. Rather, a number of ecosystem services generated by fish populations are also at risk, with consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ultimately human welfare. Examples are provided from marine and freshwater ecosystems, in various parts of the world, and include all life-stages of fish. Ecosystem services are here defined as fundamental services for maintaining ecosystem functioning and resilience, or demand-derived services based on human values. To secure the generation of ecosystem services from fish populations, management approaches need to address the fact that fish are embedded in ecosystems and that substitutions for declining populations and habitat losses, such as fish stocking and nature reserves, rarely replace losses of all services. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ecosystem services; Fish populations; Fisheries management; Biodiversity 1. Introduction 15 000 are marine and nearly 10 000 are freshwa ter (Nelson, 1994). Global capture fisheries har Fish constitute one of the major protein sources vested 101 million tonnes of fish including 27 for humans around the world. There are to date million tonnes of bycatch in 1995, and 11 million some 25 000 different known fish species of which tonnes were produced in aquaculture the same year (FAO, 1997). -
REU Mentors and Projects 2018 (Updated January 11, 2018) UMBS
REU Mentors and Projects 2018 (updated January 11, 2018) UMBS forest ecosystem study Chris Gough, Virginia Commonwealth University Luke Nave, University of Michigan Chris Vogel, University of Michigan Forests of northern Michigan provide ecosystem services including the capture and sequestration of carbon, retention of nutrients, maintenance of organismal and ecosystem diversity, and protection of surface and ground water quality. Our collaborative team conducts research on the scientific underpinnings of these ecosystem services, with particular emphasis on plant and ecosystem ecology, disturbance ecology, ecological succession, carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry, botany and mycology. We conduct this research in a variety of settings, including a 20-year experimental forest with a long-running carbon "flux" tower, a landscape- scale experimental disturbance in which >6700 trees were stem girdled, a pair of long-term chronosequences with stands from 20 to >200 years old, and, beginning in 2018, a new experimental manipulation of disturbance severity in which tree mortality will range from 45 to 85 %. REU student collaborators on the UMBS Forest Ecosystem Study team have numerous research options. Some examples include: 1) disturbance, climate, and forest age effects on carbon cycling; 2) mechanisms sustaining high rates of carbon storage in old forests; 3) remotely sensed ecosystem structure-carbon cycling relationships; and 4) fungal processes controlling decomposition and tree nutrient supply. Effects of climate change on wetland biodiversity Amy Schrank, University of Minnesota Climate change is predicted to result in significant losses in both the amount of and the biodiversity within Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Coastal wetlands provide important ecosystem services including nursery areas for the majority of Great Lakes fish species, important habitat for wildlife including rare and endangered species, a filter for pollutants and sediment, shoreline protection against wind and waves, and many others. -
Tree Species Associations of Pinus Echinata Mill. Over a Large-Scale Sampling Regime on the Interior Highlands of Arkansas
TREE SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS OF PINUS ECHINATA MILL. OVER A LARGE-SCALE SAMPLING REGIME ON THE INTERIOR HIGHLANDS OF ARKANSAS James F. Rosson, Jr.1 ABSTRACT.—The Interior Highlands physiographic province of Arkansas is considered the ecological center of the geographic distribution of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.). I used data from the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program to identify the major tree species associates of P. echinata across this 66,700-km2 landscape. Across the region, 41,207 km2 were covered by timberland. The study population was represented by 434 relatively undisturbed upland sample plots from the 1995 forest survey of Arkansas. P. echinata ≥12.7 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH) occurred on 211 of these sample plots. Additionally, it ranked fi rst in basal area on 119 plots, second on 39 plots, and third on 19 plots. Where P. echinata was dominant, stand basal area averaged 23.1 m2 ha-1 (± 0.57 SEM). I used chi-square to test for degree of association between the stand dominants and to test for positive and negative associations. There was a positive association between P. echinata and Quercus alba L. (χ2 = 0.490; 1df). In contrast, there was a negative association between P. echinata and Q. velutina Lam. (χ2 = 15.571; 1df). These results demonstrate that the chi- square test of association is effective even on the larger scales of sampling where lack of sample homogeneity may sometimes complicate analysis. Such quantitative tests for species associations offer meaningful insights into P. echinata communities at the landscape scale of sampling. -
Are the Consequences If Some Algal Species Are Lost? Saarinen, Anniina; Salovius-Lauren, Sonja; Mattila, Johanna
This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Epifaunal community composition in five macroalgal species - What are the consequences if some algal species are lost? Saarinen, Anniina; Salovius-Lauren, Sonja; Mattila, Johanna Published in: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.08.009 Publicerad: 01/01/2018 Document Version (Referentgranskad version om publikationen är vetenskaplig) Document License CC BY-NC-ND Link to publication Please cite the original version: Saarinen, A., Salovius-Lauren, S., & Mattila, J. (2018). Epifaunal community composition in five macroalgal species - What are the consequences if some algal species are lost? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 207, 402–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.08.009 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This document is downloaded from the Research Information Portal of ÅAU: 11. Oct. 2021 1 1 Epifaunal community composition in five macroalgal species – what 2 are the consequences if some algal species are lost? 3 1 4 Corresponding -
Linking Biological Toxicity and the Spectral Characteristics Of
Chen et al. Environ Sci Eur (2019) 31:84 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-019-0269-y RESEARCH Open Access Linking biological toxicity and the spectral characteristics of contamination in seriously polluted urban rivers Zhongli Chen1, Zihan Zhu1, Jiyu Song1, Ruiyan Liao1, Yufan Wang1, Xi Luo1, Dongya Nie1, Yumeng Lei1, Ying Shao1* and Wei Yang2,3 Abstract Background: Urban river pollution risks to environments and human health are emerging as a serious concern worldwide. With the aim to achieve the health of urban river ecosystem, numerous monitoring programs have been implemented to investigate the spectral characteristics of contamination. While due to the complexity of aquatic pollutants, the linkages between harmful efects and the spectral characteristics of contamination are still a major challenge for capturing main threats to urban aquatic environments. To establish these linkages, surface water (SW), sediment pore water (SDPW), and riparian soil pore water (SPW) were collected from fve sites of the seriously pol- luted Qingshui Stream, China. The water-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), fuorescence excitation–emission matrix, and specifc ultraviolet absorbance were applied to analyze the spectral characteristics of urban river contamination. The Photobacterium phosphorem 502 was used to test the acute toxicity of the samples. Finally, the correlations between acute toxicity and concentrations of DOC, TN, TP, and the spectral characteristics were explored. Results: The concentrations of DOC, TN, and TP in various samples amounted from 11.41 2.31 to 3844.67 87.80 mg/L, from 1.96 0.06 to 906.23 26.01 mg/L and from 0.06 0.01 to 101.00± 8.29 mg/L, respec- tively. -
Mercury Bioaccumulation in Some Commercially Valuable Marine Organisms from Mosa Bay, Persian Gulf
Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(3):757-762, Summer 2011 ISSN: 1735-6865 Mercury Bioaccumulation in Some Commercially Valuable Marine Organisms from Mosa Bay, Persian Gulf * Mortazavi, M. S. and Sharifian, S. Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, P. O. Box 79145-1597 Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran Received 23 Sep. 2010; Revised 11 March 2011; Accepted 17 March 2011 ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to determine the concentration of mercury in edible muscle of five commercially valuable marine organisms from Mosa Bay, Persian Gulf, Iran. The total mercury concentrations were determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry and expressed in µg/g dry weight. Certified reference materials were used for each batch of analysis. Mercury concentration was 0.373 µg/g for Liza abu, 1.172 µg/g Sparidentex hasta, 0.445µg/g for Acanthopagrus latus, 0.390 µg/g for Thunnus tonggol, and 0.360 µg/g for Fenneropenaeus indicus. Carnivorous fish had higher level of mercury than non-carnivorous. Statistical analysis revealed weak correlation between fish mercury concentration and length for all studied organisms. The observed concentrations were comparable to those found in other areas of the Persian Gulf and were lower than the WHO guideline of 0.5 mg/kg wet weight. Our result demonstrated that estimated daily and weekly intakes of mercury via consumption of fish flesh were far below the PTDI and PTWI values recommended by FAO/WHO. Key words: Mercury,Marine Organisms, Food Safety, Persian Gulf, Mosa Bay INTRODUCTION Fish is widely consumed in many parts of the world Bay disaster in Japan, which has resulted in the deaths by humans because it has high protein content, low of over 1,000 people and left over 2,000 seriously ill saturated fat and also contains omega fatty acids from contaminated seafood (Harada 1995). -
Spatial Heterogeneity and Controls of Ecosystem Metabolism in a Great Plains River Network
Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in a Great Plains river network Walter K. Dodds, Sophie A. Higgs, Margaret J. Spangler, James Guinnip, Jeffrey D. Scott, Skyler C. Hedden, Bryan D. Frenette, et al. Hydrobiologia The International Journal of Aquatic Sciences ISSN 0018-8158 Volume 813 Number 1 Hydrobiologia (2018) 813:85-102 DOI 10.1007/s10750-018-3516-0 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Hydrobiologia (2018) 813:85–102 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3516-0 PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in a Great Plains river network Walter K. Dodds . Sophie A. Higgs . Margaret J. Spangler . James Guinnip . Jeffrey D. Scott . Skyler C. Hedden . Bryan D. Frenette . Ryland Taylor . Anne E. Schechner . David J. Hoeinghaus . Michelle A. Evans-White Received: 17 June 2017 / Revised: 14 December 2017 / Accepted: 11 January 2018 / Published online: 20 January 2018 Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Gross primary production and ecosystem limitation, and was positively related to nutrients. -
Key Restoration Methods of a Polluted River Ecosystem
Key Restoration Methods of a Polluted River Chalachew Yenew* Ecosystem: A Systematic Review Environmental Health Science, Social and Population Health (SPH) Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia Abstract Background: River is one of a freshwater ecosystem that plays an important role in people's living, aquatic and terrestrial living organisms, and agricultural production. Compared to other ecosystems, rivers support a disproportionately large number of *Corresponding author: plant and animal species. However, excessive human activities have busted the original Chalachew Yenew ecological balance by polluting the river ecosystem. As a result, partial or total affected the structure and functions of the river ecosystem. This review aimed to investigate the major ecological restoration methods of the polluted river ecosystem. [email protected] Methods: We have adopted the procedures from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The required data were Environmental Health Science, Social and collected via a literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Population Health (SPH) Unit, College of EMBASE, HINARI, and Cochrane Library from the 9th of September, 2019 to the 5th Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor of March, 2020 using combined terms. Articles were included in our review; only if University, Ethiopia it assessed empirically and comparison and contrast between two or more different restoration methods. This review; it is mainly included published research articles, national reports, and annual reports and excluded opinion essays. Citation: Yenew C (2021) Key Restoration Results: Commonly used methods for restoration of polluted rivers around the Methods of a Polluted River Ecosystem: A globe could be categorized depending on the physical, chemical, and biological Systematic Review. -
Do Arthropod Assemblages Fit the Grassland and Savanna Biomes Of
Research Article Arthropod assemblages of grassland and savanna in South Africa Page 1 of 10 Do arthropod assemblages fit the grassland and AUTHORS: savanna biomes of South Africa? Monique Botha1 Stefan J. Siebert1 Johnnie van den Berg1 The long-standing tradition of classifying South Africa’s biogeographical area into biomes is commonly linked to vegetation structure and climate. Because arthropod communities are often governed by both AFFILIATION: these factors, it can be expected that arthropod communities would fit the biomes. To test this hypothesis, 1Unit for Environmental Sciences we considered how well arthropod species assemblages fit South Africa’s grassy biomes. Arthropod and Management, North-West assemblages were sampled from six localities across the grassland and savanna biomes by means University, Potchefstroom, South Africa of suction sampling, to determine whether the two biomes have distinctive arthropod assemblages. Arthropod samples of these biomes clustered separately in multidimensional scaling analyses. Within CORRESPONDENCE TO: biomes, arthropod assemblages were more distinctive for savanna localities than grassland. Arthropod Monique Botha samples of the two biomes clustered together when trophic groups were considered separately, suggesting some similarity in functional assemblages. Dissimilarity was greatest between biomes for EMAIL: phytophagous and predacious trophic groups, with most pronounced differentiation between biomes [email protected] at sub-escarpment localities. Our results indicate that different arthropod assemblages do fit the grassy DATES: biomes to some extent, but the pattern is not as clear as it is for plant species. Received: 12 Nov. 2015 Significance: Revised: 26 Mar. 2016 • Provides the first comparison of arthropod composition between grassland and savanna biomes of Accepted: 06 Apr. -
Management, Ecosystems and Ecosystem-Based Management of Fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico
Management, Ecosystems and Ecosystem-based Management of Fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico James H. Cowan, Jr., LSU Jake Rice, DFO, Canada Carl Walters, UBC, Fisheries Center Tim Essington and Ray Hilborn, UW John Day, LSU Kevin Boswell, LSU Source: LSU Earth Scan Laboratory Topics for Discussion (2 parts) Part 1. What I don’t know about fish/habitat relationships in the Mississippi River ecosystem Part 2. What I don’t know about ecosystem based fisheries management (ESBFM) But first, what is ESBFM? Short answer---we have no idea “Neither the science of ecosystem assessments nor the policy of integrated ecosystem-scale management is yet mature. Although modest progress has been made (examples include the Convention on Biological Diversity [CBD] 2009; NOAA 2009), consensus has not yet emerged on key components of the scientific basis for ecosystem-scale assessment and management (e.g., the appropriate spatial scale at which management should operate and/or is likely to be effective), nor on the form and extent of integration of fisheries management with other regulatory agencies” Now to the western Gulf of Mexico, for example-- Cowan et al. 2012 US Landings by Port LA alone accounts for 75% of landings in the US Gulf!! LA The “Fertile GoM Crescent” What generates this productivity? km 2 coastal wetlands (and estuarine dependency of juveniles) FL LA MX (from Deegan et al. 1986) 40% of the coastal wetlands in the US 14,834 km2 >80% of US coastal wetland loss >70% of species estuarine dependent A conundrum?--let’s look at the commercial landings