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The American HORTICULTURAL Magazine summer 1971 / volume 50 / number 3 50th Anniversary Edition Journal of the American Horticultural Society, Inc. 901 NORTH WASHINGTON STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314 For United Horticulture . .. The particulm' objects and business of the American HOl·ticult1l1"al Society are to promote and encourage national interest in scientific research and education in horticulture in all of its branches. 1970-71 EXECUTIVE CO~I~IITTEE (*) President Treastl?"er DR. DAVID G. LEACH (1971) l\ IR. JOHN l\f. PATEK (1972) 1674 Trinity Road President North Madison, Ohio 44057 Color Data, Inc. 434 I\/ount Airy Drive First Vice President Rochester, New York 14617 MRS. ERNESTA D. BALLARD (1973) Director, Pennsylvania i\lembe?- ot the Board Ho~ticultural Society DR. HENRY ]\f. CATHEY (1973) 325 Walnut Street Leader, Ornamental Investigations Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Agricultural Research Service Second Vice President U oS. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland 20705 MR. FREDERICK J . CLOSE (1971) 6189 Shore Drive North Madison, Ohio 44057 Immediate Past President MR. FRED C. GALLE (1971) (**) Sec?-eta1"y Director of Horticulture DR. GEORGE H. M. LAWRENCE (1971) C allaway Gardens 390 Forge Road Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 AHS PLA:-.JT RECORDS CE:-.JTER MR. O. KEISTER EVANS MR. ROBERT D. MACDONALD MR. RICHARD A. BROWN Executive Director Director Assistant Director Alexandria, Virginia Lima, Pennsylvania Lima, Pennsylvania ("') Members of the 1970-71 Board of Directors per bylaw provision. (*"') Ex officio, and without vo~e. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is the official publication of The American Horticultural Society and is issued during the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall quarters. The magazine is inclucted as a benefit of membership in Th€ American Horticultural Society, individual membership dues being S15.00 a year. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers which increase knowledge of plant materials of economic and aesthetic importance are invited. For manuscript specifications, please address the chairman of th€ Edi torial Committee. Second class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland and at additional mailing offices_ Published at 3110 Elm Ave., Baltimore, Md. 21211. Copyright © 1971 by The American Horticultural Society, Inc. The opinions expressed in the articles which appear in The Amel·ican Horticultural Maga zine are those of the authors and are not necessarily those' of the Society. They are presented as contributions to contemporary thought. 1970-71 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MR. VINCENT K. BAILEY, (1971) DR. FREDERICK G. MEYER, (1971) DR. NEIL W. STUART, (1971) 1325 Bailey Road Research Botanist in Charge Plant Physiologist St. Paul. Minnesota 55119 of Herbarium Crops Research Division U. S. National Arboretum Agricultural Research Service MRS. ERNESTA D. BALLARD, Washington, D. C. 20002 U. S. Department of Agriculutre (1973) Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Director, Pennsylvania Horti MR. ,BRIAN O . .MULLIGAN, (1971) cultural Society Director 325 Walnut Street DR. HAROLD B. TUKEY, SR., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 University of Washington Arboretum (1971) Professor Emeritus DR. HENRY M. CATHEY, (1973) Seattle, Washington 98105 Leader, Ornamental Investiga- Ylichigan State University tions MR. JOSEPH W. OPPE, (1973) The Maples Agricultural Research Service Din~ ctor Woodland, Michigan 48897 U .S. Department of Agriculture Arthur Hoyt Scott Foundation Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Swarthmore College Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081 MR. EARL E . VALLOT, (1972) MRS. ERASTUS CORNING, II, Owner,M an ager (1972) MR . JOHN M. PATEK , (1972) Grandview Nursery Box 431 President R . F. D. Box 44 Albany, New York 12201 Color Data, Incorporated Youngsville, Louisiana 70592 DR. RICHARD A. HOWARD, (1973) 434 Mount Airy Drive Director, Arnold Arboretum of Rochester, New York 14617 DR. FRED B. WIDMOYER, (1972) Harvard University Head, Department of Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts MR. WI<LLIAM A. P. PULLMAN , Horticulture 02130 (1972) New Mexico State University, 700 Mayflower Road Box 530 MR. EDWARD P. HUME, (1971) Lake Forest, Illinois 60045 Horticulturist Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001 Southern Illinois University DR. LEON C. SNYDER, (1972) Edwardsville, Illinois 62025 Head MR. ROBERT P . WINTZ, (1973) MR. CLARENCE E. LEWIS, (1973) Department of Horticultural Executive Director Professor of Horticulture Science Chicago Horticultural Society Michigan State University University of Minnesota 116 South Michigan, Room 400 East Lansing, Michigan 48823 St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Chicago, Illinois 60602 PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY Per bylaw provision (1969), past presidents of the Society are members of the Board of Directors-ex officio and without vote. DR. FRED O. COE DR. DAVID VICTOR LUMSDEN DR. FREEMAN A. WEISS (President 1949-1952) (President 1942-1947) (President 1%2-1953) P. O. Box 697 3296 Gleneagles Drive 1240 Raymond Way Ross, California 94957 Silver Spring, Maryland 20906 Charleston, Sou th Carolina 29407 DR. DONOVAt:/ S. CORRELL DR. RUSSELL J. SEIBERT (President 1956-1957) (President 1963-1965) DR. RICHARD P. WHITE Texas Research Foundation Director, Longwood Gardens (President 1960-1961) Renner, Texas 75079 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 5367 28th Street N. W. 19348 Washington, D. C. 20015 DR. JOHN L. CREECH DR. HENRY T . SKINNER (President 1953-1956) (Presiden t 1962-1963) New Crops Research Branch, DR. DO NA LD WYMAN Plant Industry Station, Director, U. S. National Arboretum (President 1961 -62) U. S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. 20002 51 Ballardvale Road Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Andover, Mass achusetts 01810 MR. JOH N H . WALKER MR. FRED C. GALLE (Pres ident 1965-1967) (Presiden t 1967-1970) Executive Director "fR. WILBUR H . YOUNGMAN Director of Horticulture The Society of American Florists (President 1947- 1948) Callaway Gardens 901 North Washington Street 12808 Meadowood Drive Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 Alexandria, Virgi nia 223 14 Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 1970-71 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE ChaiTman: Dr. Robert L. Egolf, Student Health Serv Dr. Frederick G. Meyer, Botanist in Charge ice, University of South Florida, Tampa. of the Herbarium, U.S. National Arboretum, Florida 33620 Washington, D. C. 20002 Dr. Walter H. Hodge, 9515 E. Stanhope Rd., Kensington, Maryland 20795 Vice Chairman: Dr. George H. M. Lawrence, Director Emer Mrs. Elsa Uppman Knoll, Senior ~dito:, itus, The Hunt Botanical Library, 390 Forge Sunset Magazine, Menlo Park, Cahforma Road, P.O. Box 177, East Greenwich, Rhode 91025 Island 02818. Dr. Edwin A. Menninger, Horticultural Au Core Editors: National Capital Area thor, Plant Explorer, Drawer 45, Stuart, Dr. J. T. Baldwin, Jr., Professor .o~ Biology, Florida 33494 College of William and Mary, WIllIamsburg, Mr. Elvin McDonald, Garden Editor, House Virginia 23185 Beautiful, 717 Fifth Avenue, New York, New Dr. John L. Creech, Chief, New Crops Re York 10022 search Branch, Plam Industry Station, U .S. Dr. F. L. Steve O'Rourke, Professor Emeri Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary tus, Colorado State University, 2236 Frank land 20705 lin Road, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80521 Dr. L. L. Danielson, Leader, Weed Investi Mr. Victor H. Ries, Professor Emeritus, Ohio gations, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. State University, 1241 Lincoln Road, Co· Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary lumbus, Ohio 43212 land 20705 Dr. Sigmond L. Solymosy, Professor of HOI Mr. Robert B. Fisher, Horticulturist, The ticulture, Department of Plant Industry, Mount Vernon Ladies Association, Mount University of Southwestern Louisiana, La Vernon, Virginia 22121 faye tte, Louisiana 70501 Mr. Anthony R. Gould, Newsletter Editor, Mr. Robert L. Ticknor, Professor of Horti· Men's Garden Club of Montgomery County, culture, Oregon State University. Aurora. 6613 Elgin Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20034 Oregon 97002 Dr. Conrad B. Link, Professor of Horticul Dr. Harold B. Tukey, Sr., Professor Emeri· ture, University of Maryland, College Park, tus, Michigan State University, The Maples, Maryland 20742 Woodland, Michigan 48897 Mr. Tom Stevenson, Washington Post-Los Dr. Donald P. Watson, Ch.airman, Depart· Angeles Times News Service, Garden Col ment of Horticulture, University of Hawaii umnist, 6900 Mornington Road, Baltimore, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Maryland 21222 Dr. Fred B. Widmoyer, Head, Department of Miss Mary Stock, Landscape Architect, Stock Horticulture, New Mexico State University, Brothers Nursery, 10500 Boswell Lane, Rock Box 530, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88070 ville, Maryland 20854 Mr. Joseph A. Witt, Assistant Director, Uni Dr. Neil W. Stuart, Plant Physiologist, Crops versity of Washington Arboretum, Seattle, Research Division, Agricultural Research Washington 98105 Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Contributing Editors: Foreign Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Dr. William A. Cumming, Head, Orna· Mr. Wilbur H. Youngman, Garden Editor, mentals and 'Fruit Crop Section, C.D.A. Re The Washington Star, 12808 Meadowood search Station, P.O. Box 30001, Morden, Drive, Silve r Spring, Maryland 20904 Manitoba, Canada Mr. Edmund de Rothschild, Interna·tional Contributing Editors: United States Banker and Horticulturist, P.O. Box 185- Dr. John P. Baumgardt, Landscape Con New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, London E.C. sultant, 343 1 East 60th Street, Kansas City, 4, England Missouri 64130 Mr. Julien Marnier-Lapostolle,