Horticulture Nursery Management
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YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN UNIVERSITY Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management Developed Under National Agricultural Innovation Project, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi - 110012. Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management Index Unit 1: Introduction to Horticulture Nursery Management 1 Unit 2: Plant Propagation Methods 16 Unit 3: Plant Nutrition and its Management in Nursery 42 Unit 4: Plant Protection in Nursery Management 69 Unit 5: Management Practices in Horticulture Nursery 94 Unit 6: Mass Production of Nursery Plants-1 111 Unit 7: Mass Production of Nursery Plants-2 133 Unit 8: Ornamental Horticulture Nursery 164 Unit 9: Plant Library Concepts and Operations 192 Unit 10: Economics and Government Regulations in Horticulture Nursery Management 226 FUNDING ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION PROJECT INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, NEW DELHI 110012. PARTNER INSTITUTION: SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA OPEN UNIVERSITY, NASHIK 422222. RESEARCH PROJECT: INNOVATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY MEDIATED LEARNING: AN INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN USING REUSABLE LEARNING OBJECTS IN AGRO-HORTICULTURE. PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE: 1. Dr. Surya Gunjal, Director, School of Agricultural Sciences, YCMOU, Nashik-422 222. 2. Dr. Dattaprasad Waskar, Head, Department of Horticulture, Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parabhani. 3. Dr. Vijay Dod, Head, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. 4. Dr. Bhimraj Bhujbal, Ex. Professor of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. 5. Dr. S. N. Ambad, Professor of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Pune. 6. Mr. Hemraj Rajput, Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, YCMOU, Nashik. 7. Mr. Purushottam Hendre, Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Babhaleswar, Ahmednagar. 8. Mr. Nitin Thoke, Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, YCMOU, Nashik. 9. Mr. Mangesh Bhaskar, Agricultural Consultant, Narayangaon . Dist. Pune. CONTENT WRITERS: 1. Dr. Satyawan Thorat, Assistant Professor, College of Agri-business Management, Narayangaon. 2. Mr. Varun Inamdar, Assistant Professor, College of Agri-business Management, Sangli. 3. Mr. Pradip Bhor, Senior Research Fellow, NAIP-ICAR Project, YCMOU, Nashik 4. Mr. Dinesh Nandre, Subject Matter Specialist, Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Narayangaon 5. Mr. Hemraj Rajput, Subject Matter Specialist, Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, YCMOU, Nashik 6. Dr. Shriram Ambad, Professor of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Pune. 7. Mr. Purushottam Hendre, Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Babhaleswar, Ahmednagar CONTENT MODERATOR/EDITORS: CONTENT EDITOR: Dr. Bhimraj Bhujbal, Former Professor of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. FORMAT AND LANGUAGE EDITOR: Dr. Surya Gunjal, Director, School of Agricultural Sciences, YCMOU, Nashik. PROGRAM COORDINATORS:Mrs.Jui Pethe &Mr.Pradip Bhor, Senior Research Fellows, NAIP Project, YCMOU, Nashik PUBLISHER: The Registrar, Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Research Project on Innovations in Technology Mediated Learning: An Institutional Capacity Building in using Re-usable Learning Objects in Agro-horticulture under the aegis of National Agricultural Innovation Project is the outcome of efforts while working with International Crops Research Institutes for Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad. This Consortium Project which would have not been in operation without the direct help from the NAIP-ICAR Authorities and indirect guidance and help from the following Authorities, Scientific Managers and Subject Matter Experts. I would like to acknowledge their help and cooperation during the development and operation of this project. 1. Dr. R. Krishna Kumar, Vice Chancellor, YCMOU, Nashik 2. Dr. Rajan Welukar, Former Vice Chancellor, YCMOU, Nashik 3. Dr. Bangali Baboo, National Director, NAIP, ICAR, New Delhi. 4. Dr. R.C.Agrawal, National Coordinator, NAIP, ICAR, New Delhi 5. Dr. N.T.Yaduraju, Former National Coordinator, NAIP, ICAR, New Delhi 6. Dr. Venkatraman Balaji, Former Head, Knowledge Management, ICRISAT, Hyderabad 7. Dr. Baljitsingh Hansra, Former, Director, School of Agriculture, IGNOU, New Delhi. 8. Dr. Praveen Kumar Jain, Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, IGNOU, New Delhi. 9. Dr. Bhimraj Bhujbal, Former Professor of Horticulture, MPKV, Rahuri. 10. Dr. Shriram Ambad, Professor of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Pune. 11. Mr. Purushottam Hendre, Subject Matter Specialist, Horticulture, KVK Babhaleswar. 12. Dr. Madhuri Sonawane, Assistant Professor, School of Agricultural Sciences, YCMOU, Nashik 13. Mr. Hemraj Rajput, Subject Matter Specialist, Horticulture, KVK, YCMOU, Nashik 14. Dr. Nitin Thoke, Subject Matter Specialist, Extension Education, KVK, YCMOU, Nashik 15. Dr. Satyawan Thorat, Assistant Professor, College of AB Management, Narayangaon. 16. Mr. Dinesh Nandre, Subject Matter Specialist, Horticulture, KVK, Narayangaon 17. Mr. Varun Inamdar, Assistant Professor, College of Agri-business Management, Sangli. 18. Mr. Pradip Pawar, Software Engineer, Computer Center, YCMOU, Nashik 19. Mr. Nikhil Tamhankar, Administrative and Accounts Officer, NAIP-YCMOU, Nashik 20. Ms. Jui Pethe, Senior Research Fellow, NAIP Project, YCMOU, Nashik. 21. Mr. Pradip Bhor, Senior Research Fellow, NAIP Project, YCMOU, Nashik. 22. Ms. Vaishali Pagar, Former Senior Research Fellow, NAIP Project, YCMOU, Nashik. Dr. Surya Gunjal Consortium Co-Principle Investigator, NAIP Project & Professor and Director, School of Agricultural Sciences, Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik Unit 1: Introduction to Horticulture Nursery Index 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Contents 1.2.1 Scope and Importance of Plant Propagation 1.2.2 Role of Nurseries in Horticulture Development 1.2.3 Types of Plant Propagation Nurseries 1.2.4 Physical and Financial Resources for Nursery 1.2.5 Mother Plants: Selection and Maintenance 1.3 Glossary 1.4 Points to Remember 1.5 Self Check Questions 1.1 Introduction Agriculture and Horticulture are vital sciences as they suffice the very basic need of food for the Human beings. Qualitative and quantitative food can essentially be produced from healthy plants which in turn are produced only when their seedlings/sapplings are vigorous and healthy. Nursery is consequently the basic need of horticulture. Plant propagation techniques and practices is the core of horticulture nurseries. The planting materials for horticultural plantations are raised from seeds and vegetative parts. Role of Mother Plants is very primary and important. The fate of nursery depends on quality and truthfulness of mother plants. A good nursery entrepreneur does not depend on others for procurement of mother plants. Mother plants are required for both stock and scion. Mother plants should be selected on the basis of its genetic traits and other factors like availability and adaptation in the growing environment. At the end of this unit, you will be able to know and understand, Importance of plant propagation nurseries. Role of nurseries in Horticultural development. Types of plant propagation nurseries. Various sections in the nursery and their importance. Financial and other resources for the nursery enterprise. 1.2 Contents 1.2.1 Scope and Importance of Plant Propagation in Horticulture Most of the horticultural plants, particularly the fruit trees, are perennial in nature. Some of the fruit trees survive and produce fruits for about 100 years. Horticulture has a significant role in human nutrition. It plays a prime role in wealth generation and socio- Resource Book on Horticulture Nursery Management : 1 economic status of the farmers. Most of the horticultural crops are propagated vegetatively for which nursery units are necessary. There are plentiful programs being implemented to develop the nurseries and there by bringing about horticultural development. Importance of Plant Propagation for Landscaping Landscaping one‟s home is a very personal process. A garden should necessarily be unique and reflect the owner‟s personality. The value of a designed garden or landscape escalates with its age. Same is the case with the plants. If a small evergreen plant fetches a prize of Rs. 100 at the time of planting, it is bound to fetch Rs 500 after 5 years of its growth. A designed garden not only increases the appeal and privacy of the property but it also adds to the value of the property. Nowadays, landscaping and garden architects have become a part of the modern life. To design and develop the modern corporate gardening, the professionals use periodicals and magazines which are specialized in this respect. Importance of Plant Propagation for Starting a Backyard Plant Nursery When people think of a plant nursery, the local garden center usually comes to mind. Fact is, most garden centers produce very few of the plants they sell. Instead, they procure the planting material from outside nurseries, which actually grow the plants. One finds specialty plant nurseries ranging in size from tiny backyard nurseries to giant regional wholesale nurseries, who supply retailers in the adjoining states of the country. A backyard plant nursery often specializes in plants that are in demand and can be container-grown to save space. A relatively new development in container growing – called the “pot-in-pot” system, allows growers to produce larger trees and shrubs without the back-breaking hand