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Fruits and Seeds of Genera in Thie Subfamily Caesalpi (Fabaceae)

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Fruits and Seeds of Genera in Thie Subfamily Caesalpi (Fabaceae) 6^^ states ?3 i^^^ \ment of Jture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in thie Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Caesalpi Number 1755 (Fabaceae) Q46336 Abstract Gunn, Charles R. 1991. Fruits and seeds of genera in the The lens, a seed topographic feature often contiguous to subfamily Cacsalpinioideac (Fabace^ie). U. S. Department the hilum and previously thought to be diagnostic of the of Agrieulture, Technical Bulletin No. 1755,408 pp. faboid legumes, occurs also among the mimosoids and less frequently among the caesalpinioids. The presence or Technical identification of fruits and seeds oï the absence of endosperm, previously misunderstood, is economically important legume plant family (Fabaceae or documented; some caesalpinioid seeds have endosperm. Leguminosae) is often required of U.S. Department of An unrecorded character relating to the positional Agriculture personnel and other agricultural scientists. relationship of the cotyledons and the embryonic axis has This bulletin provides relevant information on the been found useful in the generic identification of seeds. caesalpinioid legumes. New data presented also increase our knowledge of relationships oï concern in germplasm KEYWORDS: Amherstieae, areola, aril, Caesalpinieae, research. caesalpinioid, Cassieae, Cercideae, chalaza, cotyledon, cotyledon-radicle junction, cuticle, dehiscence, DFLTA, Data are derived from extensive sampling of the species Detarieae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, of 148 of the 153 genera of caesalpinioid legumes. Fruits endocarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Faboideae, and seeds of the ñ\c missing genera are unknown to fracture line, funiculus, gynophore, halo, hilar groove, science. Three keys provide for (1) the differentiation o( hilar groove lips, hilum, hypocotyl, interactive computer, caesalpinioid from other legume seeds, (2) the legume, Leguminosae, lens, mesocarp, micropyle, identification of caesalpinioid genera based on fruit and Mimosoideae, pleurogram, plumule, radicle, radicle lobe, seed characters, and (3) the identification of caesalpnnoid raphe, rim-aril, seed, spermoderm, stipe, suture, testa, genera based on seeds alone. valve, wimz. An updated explanation and discussion of fruit and seed characters precede the generic descriptions. The information on fruit characters extends and corrects that presently in the literature. Nearly all descriptive data on seeds are new. Trade names are used in this publication solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or an endorsement by the Department over other products not mentioned. Copies of this publication may be purchased froni the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. ARS has no additional copies for free distribution. Issued March 1991 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds Agricultural Research of Genera in the Service Technical Subfamily Bulletin Number 1755 Caesalpinioideae (Fabaceae) Charles R. Gunn Acknowledgments I express my appreciation to the following associates and Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, lA; G.P. Lewis, correspondents who supplied fruits, seeds, or information: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; Haroldo Ana M. Arambarri, Cátedra de Botánica Especial, Cavalcante de Lima, Jardim Botánico do Rio de Janeiro, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Alicia Lourteig (retired). Bir Bahadur, Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Laboratoire de Phanerogamic, Muséum National Warangal, India; Rupert C. Barneby, New York Botanical d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Les Pedley, Garden, Bronx, NY; Earl Belcher (retired). Forest Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane, Australia; Magdalena Service (USDA), National Tree Seed Laboratory, Dry Pena, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Branch, GA; Frank A. Bisby, Biology Department, The Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Roger M. University, Southampton, England; R.K. Brummitt, Royal Polhill, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; Peter H. Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; W.C. Burger, Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO; Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Thekla Reichstein, Botanic Garden, Adelaide, Australia; Chicago, IL; J.F.M. Cannon, Herbarium, British Museum C.K. Ruffo, Silviculture Research, Forest Division, (Natural History), London, England; Pan Chih-kang, Lushoto, Tanzania; Bernice Schubert (retired). Gray Arboretum of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and People's Republic of China; R.S. Cowan (retired). J.E. Vidal (retired). Laboratoire de Phanerogamic, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Washington, DC; Marshall R. Crosby, Missouri Botanical Leslie Watson, Research School of Biological Sciences, Garden Herbarium, St. Louis, MO; B. de Winter, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; National Herbarium, Botanical Research Institute, Richard P. Wunderlin, Department of Biology, University Pretoria, South Africa; Hartmut Ern, Botanischer Garten of South Florida, Tampa, FL; T.T. Yü, Institute of und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, Federal Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China; James Republic of Germany; Robert Geesink, Rijksherbarium, Zarucchi, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO. Leiden, Netherlands; Philippe Guinet, Laboratoire de Palynologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, France; WJ. Hahn, L.H. Bailey I also express my appreciation to Lynda E. Chandler, Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; I.C. Hedge, now of Temple Terrace, FL, who created the basic plate Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland; Peter design for this series of bulletins and drew some of the Hiepko, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum fruits and seeds, and Karen Parker, of Bowie, MD, who Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany; Pat completed this series of drawings, operated the scanning Holmgren, New York Botanical Garden Herbarium, electron microscope, printed most of the negatives, and Bronx, NY; Helen C. Fortune Hopkins, Department of assembled the drawings and photographs into plates. Peter Botany, University of Papua New Guinea, Papua; Ding Alsberg, formerly of the Department of Housing and Hou, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands; J.H. Applied Design, University of Maryland, and Lisa M. Hunziker, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bell, now of Suitland, MD, did some of the fruit and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; seed drawings. Richard Spjut, Agricultural Research Duane Isely, Department of Botany, Iowa State Service (USDA), Systematic Botany and Mycology University, Ames, lA; Colin T. Johnson, Botany Laboratory, Belts ville, MD, created the character list Department, University of Transkei, Umtata, Republic of from my data, recorded these data, and generated rough South Africa; Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Agricultural caesalpinioid generic keys using the DELTA computer Research Service (USDA), Systematic Botany and program system. Robert Webster of the same laboratory Mycology Laboratory, Belts ville, MD; F. Krendl, advised us on the operation of DELTA and creation of Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria; James A. the character list and was instrumental in developing the Lackey, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service two master keys. Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., of the same (USDA), Hyattsville, MD; Kai Larsen, Botanisk Institut, laboratory cheerfully provided valuable advice on Aarhus Universitet, Risskov, Denmark; M. Leppard, computer and printer operations. Carole A. Ritchie, National Herbarium and National Botanic Garden, botanist. Laurel, MD, helped prepare this typescript. Salisbury, Zimbabwe; Neis Lersten, Department of Contents Procedures 2 Fruit key 8: Fruit neither winged nor Fruit morphology 4 marginally thickened, twice or more as long Fruit 4 as wide; epicarp monochrome brown(ish), Valves 6 reticulate 24 Epicarp 6 Fruit key 9: Fruit without wing(s), twice or Mesocarp 7 more as long as wide; epicarp monochrome Endocarp 7 brown(ish), not reticulate 25 Seed number and position in fruit 7 Fruit key 10: Fruit without wing(s), twice or Funiculus and aril 7 more as long as wide, dehiscent; epicarp Seed morphology 8 monochrome brown(ish), not reticulate 26 Seed 10 Fruit key 11: Fruit without wing(s), twice or Testa 12 more as long as wide, indéhiscent; epicarp Pleurogram and pseudopleurogram 14 monochrome brown(ish), not reticulate 26 Fracture lines 16 Seed key to three subfamilies of Fabaceae 27 Raphe 16 Seed keys to genera of subfamily Caesalpinioideae 28 Wing 16 Master key to eight seed keys and two genera 28 Aril 16 Seed key 1: Seed up to 10.4 mm long; testa Hilum 16 rough 28 Lens 17 Seed key 2: Seed up to 10.4 mm, terete to Endosperm 17 compressed; testa smooth 29 Cotyledons 18 Seed key 3: Seed up to 10.4 mm, flattened; Embryonic axis 18 testa smooth 30 Plumule 18 Seed key 4: Seed 10.5-30 mm long, testa Fruit and seed keys to genera of subfamily smooth 30 Caesalpinioideae 19 Seed key 5: Seed 10.5-30 mm long, terete Master key to 11 fruit keys and 3 genera 19 to compressed; testa rough 32 Fruit key 1: Fruit samaroid or samaroidlike Seed key 6: Seed 10.5-30 mm long, (with terminal wing) 19 flattened; testa rough 34 Fruit key 2: Fruit with marginal wing(s); Seed key 7: Seed longer than 30 mm; testa
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